Patagonia, the southern extremity7 of the American continent, is divided by the ridge8 of the Andes into two parts of a totally different character. Its western coast-lands, washed by the cold Antarctic current and exposed to the humid gales9 of a restless ocean, are almost constantly obscured with clouds and drenched10 with rain. Dense11 forests, dripping with moisture, clothe the steep hill-sides; and, from the coldness of the summer, the snow-line is so low that for 650 miles northward12 of Tierra del Fuego almost every arm of the sea which penetrates13 to the interior higher chain is terminated by huge glaciers15 descending16 to the water’s edge.
East Patagonia, on the contrary, a vast plain rising in successive terraces from the Atlantic to the foot of the Cordillera, is one of the most arid2 regions of the globe. The extreme dryness of the prevailing17 westerly winds, which have been totally deprived of their humidity before crossing the Andes, and the well-rounded shingles18 which compose the soil, have entailed19 the curse of418 sterility20 on the land. Monotonous21 warm tints22 of brown, yellow, or light red everywhere fatigue23 the eye, which vainly seeks for rest in the dark blue sky, and finds refreshing24 green only on some river-banks.
Many broad flat vales transsect the plains, and in these the vegetation is somewhat better. The streams of former ages have no doubt hollowed them out, for the rivers of the present day are utterly25 inadequate26 to the task. On account of the dryness of the atmosphere, the traveller may journey for days in these Patagonian plains without finding a drop of water. Springs are rare, and even when found are generally brackish27 and unrefreshing. While the “Beagle” was anchoring in the spacious28 harbor of Port St. Julian, a party one day accompanied Captain Fitzroy on a long walk round the head of the harbor. They were eleven hours without tasting any water, and some of the party were quite exhausted29. From the summit of a hill, to which the appropriate name of “Thirsty Hill” was given, a fine lake was spied, and two of the party proceeded, with concerted signals, to show whether it was fresh water. The disappointment may be imagined when the supposed lake was found to be a snow-white expanse of salt, crystallized in great cubes.
The extreme dryness of the air, which imparts so sterile30 a character to the country, favors the formation of guano deposits on the naked islands along the coast, which are frequented by sea-birds. Protracted31 droughts are essential to the accumulation of this manure32, for repeated showers of rain would wash it into the sea, and for this reason no guano deposits are found on the populous33 bird-mountains of the north. A similar dryness of the atmosphere favors the deposit at Ichaboe on the African coast, at the Kooria Nooria Islands in the Indian Ocean, and at the Chincha Islands on the Peruvian coast; and this kind of climate appears also to be particularly agreeable to the sea-birds.
Considering the excessive aridity of Patagonia, it seems surprising that the country should be traversed from west to east by such considerable rivers as the Rio Negro, the Gallegos, and the Santa Cruz; but all these have their sources in the Andes, and are fed by mountain torrents34, which no doubt derive35 their waters from the atmospherical36 precipitations of the Pacific.
The zoology of Patagonia is as limited as its flora37, and greatly resembles in its character that of the mountain regions of Chili38, or of the Puna or high table-land of the tropical Andes of Peru and Bolivia, the height of which varies from 10,000 to 14,000 feet above the level of the sea.
In all these countries, situated39 in such different latitudes41, the explorer is astonished to find not only the same genera, but even animals of the same species. The forest-loving race of monkeys is nowhere to be found in treeless Patagonia. None of the quadrumana ventures farther south than 29° lat., but on the borders of the Rio Negro, the northern boundary of Patagonia, some small bats are seen fluttering about in the twilight42.
The dark-brown yellow-headed Galictis vittata, an animal allied43 to the Civets and Genets, is likewise found there, but much more frequently its relation the Zorilla, which ranges from 30° lat. to the Strait of Magellan, and, like the skunk44 of the north, has the power of discharging a fluid of an intolerably fetid odor.
419 The guanaco is the characteristic quadruped of the plains of Patagonia, where it is no less useful to man than the wild reindeer45 to the savage46 hunters of the north. It ranges from the Cordillera of Peru as far south as the islands near Cape47 Horn, but it appears to be more frequent on the plains of South Patagonia than anywhere else. It is of greater size than the llama, and resembles it so much that it was supposed to be the wild variety, until Tschudi, in his “Fauna Peruana,” pointed48 out the specific difference between both. The guanaco is a more elegant animal, with a long, slender neck and fine legs; its fleece is shorter and less fine; its color is brown, the under parts being whitish. It generally lives in small herds49 of from half a dozen to thirty in each; but on the banks of the Santa Cruz Mr. Darwin saw one herd50 which contained at least five hundred. Though extremely shy and wary51, it is no match for the cunning of the savage; and, before the horse was introduced into Patagonia, man most probably could not have existed in those arid plains without the guanaco. It easily takes to the water, and this accounts for its presence on the eastern islands of Fuegia, where it has been followed by the puma52, or American lion, who likewise pursues it on the plateaus of the Cordillera, 12,000 feet above the level of the sea.
The Brazilian fox (Canis Azaræ) is also met with as far as the strait. It is somewhat smaller than our fox, but more robustly53 built. In Patagonia it preys54 chiefly upon the small rodents56, with which the land, in spite of its sterility, is perhaps more richly stocked than any other country in the world. Among these the tucutuco (Ctenomys magellanica), which may briefly57 be described as a gnawer with the habits of a mole58, is one of the most remarkable59. It abounds60 near the strait, where the sandy plain is one vast burrow61 of these creatures. This curious animal makes, when beneath the ground, a very peculiar62 noise, consisting of a short nasal grunt63, monotonously64 repeated about four times in quick succession, the name tucutuco being given in imitation of the sound. Where the animal is abundant, it may be heard at all times of the day, and sometimes directly beneath one’s feet. The tucutuco is nocturnal in its habits; its food consists chiefly of roots, the search after which seems to be the cause of its burrowing65.
Among the indigenous66 quadrupeds of Patagonia we find, moreover, a species of agouti (Dasyprocta patagonica), which in some measure represents our hare, but is about twice the size, and has only three toes on its hind67 feet; the elegant long-eared mara (Dolichotis patagonicus), which, unlike most burrowing animals, wanders, commonly two or three together, for miles from its home; the Didelphis Azaræ, a species of opossum; and the pichy (Dasypus minutus), a small armadillo, which extends as far south as 50° lat.
It would be vain to seek among the Patagonian birds for the splendid plumage of the tropical feathered tribes; their colors are simple and monotonous, as those of the naked plains which are their home. Many birds of prey55 of the warmer regions of America likewise frequent the arid wastes of Patagonia. When a horse chances to perish from fatigue or thirst, the turkey-buzzard (Vultur aura?) begins to feast upon its carcass, and then the carrancha (Polyborus brasiliensis) and the chimango (Polyborus chimango) pick its bones420 clean. Though these birds, which well supply the place of our carrion68-crows, magpies69, and ravens70, generally feed in common, they are by no means on a friendly footing. When the carrancha is quietly seated on the branch of a tree or on the ground, the chimango often continues for a long time flying backward and forward, up and down, in a semicircle, trying each time, at the bottom of the curve, to strike its larger relative, which takes little notice except by bobbing its head. The carrancha, which is common in the dry and open countries, and likewise on the arid shores of the Pacific, is also found inhabiting the forests of West Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. The chimango is much smaller than the carrancha. Of all the carrion feeders, it is generally the last which leaves the skeleton of a dead animal, and may frequently be seen within the ribs71 of a horse, like a prisoner behind a grating. It is frequently found on the sea-coast, where it lives on small fishes.
The condor72 may likewise be reckoned among the Patagonian birds, as it follows its prey, the guanaco, across the Strait of Magellan as far as the eastern lowlands of Tierra del Fuego. In the winter especially, when the cold forces vast numbers of geese and ducks to quit the Antarctic islands in the higher latitudes, all these birds of prey, to which the crowned falcon73 (Circætes coronatus), the three-colored buzzard (Buteo tricolor), the Aguia eagle (Haliatus aguia), and several others must be added, live in luxury. Most of them are likewise migratory74 birds, and disappear in summer, with the defenseless tribes on which they prey. The Magellanic thrush (Turdus magellanicus) leaves in winter the stormy banks of the strait, and retires to the milder skies of the Rio Negro, where it meets the tuneful Patagonian warbler (Orpheus patagonicus), the nimble troglodyte75 (Troglodytes pallida), and the inconstant fly-catcher (Muscicape parvulus).
A peculiar species of ostrich, the nandu (Rhea Darwini), roams over the plains of Southern Patagonia as far as the Strait of Magellan. It is smaller than the South American ostrich (Rhea americana), which inhabits the country of La Plata as far as a little south of the Rio Negro; but it is more beautiful, as its white feathers are tipped with black at the extremity, and its black ones in like manner terminate in white.
In the same high latitude40 one is surprised to meet with a member of the parrot tribe (Psittacus patagonicus) feeding on the seeds of the winter’s bark, and to see humming-birds (Trochilus forficatus) flitting about during the snowstorms in the forests of Tierra del Fuego.
The plains of Patagonia are inhabited by a race of Indians supposed to be gigantic, but the descriptions of modern travellers have dispelled76 the idea. Thus Pigafetti, the companion of Magellan, relates that the Europeans only reach to the waist of the Patagonians; Simon de Weert tells us that they are from ten to eleven feet high; Byron, who visited them in the last century, reduces them to seven feet, and Captain King finally, who accurately77 measured them, found the medium height of the males about five feet eleven inches. As the Patagonians have most likely not degenerated78 within the last few centuries, we may infer from these various accounts that the travellers of the present day are less prone79 to exaggeration than those of more ancient times. So much is421 certain, that the Patagonians are a fine athletic80 race of men, with remarkably81 broad shoulders and thick muscular limbs. The head is long, broad, and flat, and the forehead low, with the hair growing within an inch of the eyebrows82, which are bare; the eyes are often placed obliquely83, and have but little expression; the forehead and the large lips are prominent, so that if a perpendicular84 line were drawn85 between the two, the thick flat nose would hardly reach it, and but seldom project beyond it. In spite of these coarse features the physiognomy of the young girls is by no means unpleasant, as it has an amiable86, lively expression. All of them have small hands and feet, and D’Orbigny says that they have the finest shapes of all the savages87 he saw. Though they have a wide mouth and thick lips, this fault is redeemed88 by their beautiful white teeth, which never fall out even in old age.
The color of the Patagonians is much darker than that of the Pampas Indians and others farther to the north, and most closely resembles that of the mulatto; a fact totally at variance89 with the common belief that the darkness of the human skin increases on approaching the equator.
The chief garment is the manuhé, a wide, square mantle—eight feet long and nearly as broad—which they wear after the fashion of the ancient Greeks and Romans, with one end hanging down to the earth. It generally consists of guanaco skins neatly90 sewn together with ostrich sinews. In cold weather the manuhé, which serves also as a blanket, is worn with the hair inside; the even surface is therefore ornamented91 with red drawings. Sometimes they wear boots of horse-leather, like the Gauchos92, from whom they have learned to make them; formerly93 sandals of guanaco skin were alone in use. Their long black hair is tied behind with a thong94 of leather or a piece of ribbon; the women plait and adorn95 it with a number of ornaments96 of glass and copper97. The face is generally painted red, white, and black, and a Patagonian is never seen without the little pouch98 in which he carries the necessary colors. A remarkable custom, common to all the Indian tribes as far as Bolivia, is that of eradicating99 the hairs of the beard, and the men may frequently be seen plucking them out with a pair of pincers.
The religious ideas of the Patagonians greatly resemble those of their neighbors the Aucas and the Puelches. The divine Achekenat Kanet is reverenced100 as the genius of both good and evil; but beside this chief deity101 they have a number of inferior spirits, generally of a malignant102 nature, which can be held in check only by the arts of their magicians. Like the shamans, or medicine-men of the north, these impostors work themselves into an ecstatic state, in which they predict things to come, or announce the will of the unseen gods; but their trade does not seem to be very lucrative103 if we may judge from the bad condition of their mantles104. They also act as physicians, for all diseases are invariably ascribed to the agency of evil spirits.
The Patagonians are quite as superstitious105 as the Indians of the high northern latitudes. They seldom cut their hair, but when they do, they cast it into the river or carefully burn it, so that it may not fall into the hands of some malignant magician, who might use it to the hurt of its quondam owner. When, on journeying along a river, they see some trunks of trees descending with the422 current, they take them for evil spirits, and address them with a loud voice. If by chance the trees are swept by less rapidly or are driven round in a whirlpool, they believe that this takes place for the purpose of hearing them. They then make them liberal promises, which they faithfully keep. They cast their weapons, their ornaments, sometimes even their horses with bound feet, into the water, fully106 persuaded that by this sacrifice they have averted107 the misfortunes that otherwise would have befallen them. Like many other savage nations, they believe in a future paradise, where they expect to find again all that they prized on earth. For this reason they immolate108 over the graves of their friends all the animals that belonged to them, and inter14 with them all they possessed109.
The astronomical knowledge of the Patagonians is surprising in a people ranking so low in the scale of civilization. Continually migrating over their arid land, they soon felt the necessity of directing their movements during the day by the position of the sun, during the night by the stars; and thus they gradually learned to observe the march of the constellations110, and to note the times of their appearance and disappearance111, giving them names, so as to be able to communicate their observations to each other. Their lively fancy traces in the starry112 firmament113 the picture of the Indian’s hunting expedition. The Milky114 Way is the path on which he follows the ostrich; the “Three Kings” are the bolas, or balls, with which he strikes the bird whose feet form the Southern Cross; and the Magellanic clouds are heaps of its feathers that have been collected by its pursuer.
When the Patagonians speak of the direction they intend to follow, from north to south or from east to west, they always indicate the constellations; so that in these South American plains, as in those of Chaldea, a similar necessity has led man to lay the first foundations of astronomical knowledge.
The Patagonians are divided into a number of small migratory tribes, each consisting of, at the utmost, thirty or forty families. As they live exclusively by the chase, it is evident that a few days would suffice to destroy or to drive away the game of a great extent of territory were they to assemble in larger numbers. Not to perish of want, they are thus compelled to wander from place to place in small companies, and to carry along with them their leathern toldos, or tents. The toldo reposes115 on a frame of poles stuck into the earth, and is scarcely higher than six feet in its centre, so that one can hardly imagine how a family of tall Patagonians can live in so small a space. The door is invariably to the east, so that early in the morning the chief of the family may sprinkle before it a few drops of water as an offering to the rising sun, for were this sacrifice to be neglected, the evil spirits would infallibly wreak116 their vengeance117 upon the inmates118 of the tent. Horse-hides, or guanaco skins coarsely sewn together, cover the frame, and afford but a scanty119 protection against the rain and the much more frequent wind. At the top, as in the Laplander’s hut, an opening is left to let out the smoke. The hearth120 is in the middle, and close by lie some earthen vases, and large volute shells which serve as drinking-horns. The inmates lie on skins, or sit in a corner cross-legged, after the Oriental fashion. The excessive filth121 of these wretched tenements122 makes their poverty appear still423 more squalid than it really is. Thirty or forty toldos form a migratory village, or tolderia. Though the dreadful small-pox epidemic123 from 1809 to 1812 destroyed whole tribes of Patagonians, their present number may still be estimated at from eight to ten thousand; a small one, when compared with the size of the country, yet large enough when we consider the sterile nature of its soil and the vast space of desert needed to feed a sufficient number of guanacos and horses for the wants of even a scanty population. Each tolderia appears to have its territory limited by the hunting-grounds of its neighbors, but commercial transactions take place between the various tribes, and occasion longer journeys. One of the chief trading routes runs along the eastern foot of the Andes from the Strait of Magellan to the Rio Negro, as water is here everywhere found; another, leading parallel with the coast from the Rio Negro to Port St. Julian and Port Desire, is only frequented in the rainy season, and even then there are wide spaces without any sweet water, and where it is necessary to travel night and day so as to avoid the danger of dying of thirst.
Every year the various Patagonian tribes wander to the sources of the Rio Negro, where they provide themselves with araucaria seeds, which serve them as food, or with apples, which have multiplied on the eastern spurs of the Andes in the same astonishing manner as the peach-trees near the mouths of the La Plata. The apple-tree was introduced by the first Spaniards who inhabited the Chilian Andes soon after the conquest; and when later the intruders were expelled by the victorious124 Araucanians, the natives found their country enriched by this valuable acquisition.
One of the chief bartering125 rendezvous126 is the island Cholechel, which is formed by two arms of the Rio Negro, about eighty leagues from the mouth of the river. Here the Patagonian exchanges his guanaco skins for the articles which the Puelches, his northern neighbors, either fabricate themselves or procure127 in a more easy manner by stealing them from the white settlers in their neighborhood. This bartering trade is very ancient, and has always existed excepting in times of war. In this manner the Patagonians were provided with horses soon after the introduction of this valuable animal into the New World, and thus also articles of Spanish manufacture soon found their way as far as the Strait of Magellan.
At present there seems to be peace among all the Patagonian tribes, which consider themselves as brothers, though frequently separated several hundred leagues from each other.
Their system of government is very simple. The whole nation has a chief, or great cacique, whom they call carasken, and whose authority is very limited. In war he presides in the assembly of the minor128 chiefs, and has the supreme129 command in battle. In peace his sway is confined to his own tribe. He is as poor as his subjects, and, far from enjoying a copious130 civil list, is obliged to hunt for his subsistence like every other Patagonian; the only advantage he owes to his exalted131 station being a somewhat larger share of the products of the chase; and this he is obliged to distribute among the more needy132 of his followers133, to maintain his influence. The dignity of carasken is not always hereditary134. To succeed his father, the son must first prove by his eloquence135, his424 courage, and his liberality that he is worthy136 to succeed him; and if he is found wanting, the Indian most distinguished137 by his moral and intellectual qualities is elected in his place.
The Patagonians are very awkward fishermen; they merely catch what chance throws into their hands, and are unacquainted with nets or any other piscatorial138 artifice139. In this respect they are totally different from the Fuegians, who derive their chief subsistence from the sea. They have ever been a nation of hunters, and before the introduction of the horse, they pursued their game on foot, using their bolas with great dexterity140 for the destruction of the guanaco and the ostrich. Their dogs afforded them a valuable assistance, and since they have become accomplished141 horsemen, their fleet coursers enable them to overtake with ease all the animals of the wilderness142. In times of scarcity143 they dig for a small root, which is either eaten fresh or preserved dry. Horse-flesh is their favorite food.
The Patagonian toldos and their weapons are very rudely made, but their skin mantles are not untastefully ornamented with rectilinear figures. In their war-dress they have a very hideous144 appearance, and it would be difficult to imagine a more diabolical145 figure than that of a tall Patagonian ready for a fight, his broad face painted scarlet146, with black or blue stripes under the eyes, and his coarse features distorted with fury. Their arms are bows and arrows, with points of flint loosely attached with sinews, so as to remain sticking in the wound. They are excellent archers147, and use with skill the sling148, the javelin149, and above all their formidable bolas, which serve them both for bringing the guanaco to the ground or for breaking the skull150 of an enemy. When not engaged in war or in the chase, the men, like most savages, pass their time in absolute idleness, leaving all the household work to the women. Amusements they have but few. The use of dice151 they have learned from the Spaniards. They are said to be a false and deceitful people, but their hospitality and good-nature have been frequently extolled152 by travellers.
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1
aridity
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| n.干旱，乏味；干燥性；荒芜 | |
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arid
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| adj.干旱的；(土地)贫瘠的 | |
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zoology
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| n.动物学，生态 | |
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ostrich
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| n.鸵鸟 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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astronomical
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| adj.天文学的，（数字）极大的 | |
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7
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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8
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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gales
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| 龙猫 | |
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drenched
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| adj.湿透的；充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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11
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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13
penetrates
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| v.穿过( penetrate的第三人称单数 )；刺入；了解；渗透 | |
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inter
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| v.埋葬 | |
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glaciers
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| 冰河，冰川( glacier的名词复数 ) | |
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16
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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shingles
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| n.带状疱疹；（布满海边的）小圆石( shingle的名词复数 )；屋顶板；木瓦（板）；墙面板 | |
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entailed
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| 使…成为必要( entail的过去式和过去分词 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
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sterility
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| n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠，消毒，无菌 | |
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monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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brackish
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| adj.混有盐的；咸的 | |
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spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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sterile
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| adj.不毛的，不孕的，无菌的，枯燥的，贫瘠的 | |
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protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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manure
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| n.粪，肥，肥粒；vt.施肥 | |
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populous
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| adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的 | |
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torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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derive
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| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
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atmospherical
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| adj.空气的，气压的 | |
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flora
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| n.(某一地区的)植物群 | |
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chili
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| n.辣椒 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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latitudes
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| 纬度 | |
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42
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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44
skunk
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| n.臭鼬，黄鼠狼；v.使惨败，使得零分；烂醉如泥 | |
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45
reindeer
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| n.驯鹿 | |
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46
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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47
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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48
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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49
herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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50
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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51
wary
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| adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的 | |
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52
puma
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| 美洲豹 | |
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53
robustly
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| adv.要用体力地，粗鲁地 | |
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54
preys
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| v.掠食( prey的第三人称单数 )；掠食；折磨；（人）靠欺诈为生 | |
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55
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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56
rodents
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| n.啮齿目动物( rodent的名词复数 ) | |
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57
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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58
mole
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| n.胎块；痣；克分子 | |
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59
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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60
abounds
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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61
burrow
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| vt.挖掘(洞穴)；钻进；vi.挖洞；翻寻；n.地洞 | |
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62
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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63
grunt
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| v.嘟哝；作呼噜声；n.呼噜声，嘟哝 | |
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64
monotonously
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| adv.单调地，无变化地 | |
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65
burrowing
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| v.挖掘（洞穴），挖洞( burrow的现在分词 )；翻寻 | |
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66
indigenous
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| adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的 | |
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67
hind
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| adj.后面的，后部的 | |
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68
carrion
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| n.腐肉 | |
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69
magpies
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| 喜鹊（magpie的复数形式） | |
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70
ravens
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| n.低质煤；渡鸦( raven的名词复数 ) | |
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71
ribs
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| n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹 | |
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72
condor
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| n.秃鹰；秃鹰金币 | |
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73
falcon
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| n.隼，猎鹰 | |
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74
migratory
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| n.候鸟，迁移 | |
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75
troglodyte
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| n.古代穴居者；井底之蛙 | |
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76
dispelled
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| v.驱散，赶跑( dispel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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77
accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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78
degenerated
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| 衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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79
prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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80
athletic
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| adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的 | |
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81
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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82
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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83
obliquely
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| adv.斜； 倾斜； 间接； 不光明正大 | |
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84
perpendicular
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| adj.垂直的，直立的；n.垂直线，垂直的位置 | |
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85
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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86
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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87
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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88
redeemed
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| adj. 可赎回的，可救赎的 动词redeem的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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89
variance
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| n.矛盾，不同 | |
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90
neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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91
ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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92
gauchos
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| n.南美牧人( gaucho的名词复数 ) | |
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93
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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94
thong
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| n.皮带；皮鞭；v.装皮带 | |
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95
adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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96
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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97
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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98
pouch
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| n.小袋，小包，囊状袋；vt.装...入袋中，用袋运输；vi.用袋送信件 | |
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99
eradicating
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| 摧毁，完全根除( eradicate的现在分词 ) | |
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100
reverenced
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| v.尊敬，崇敬( reverence的过去式和过去分词 )；敬礼 | |
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101
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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102
malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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103
lucrative
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| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
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104
mantles
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| vt.&vi.覆盖（mantle的第三人称单数形式） | |
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105
superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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106
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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107
averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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108
immolate
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| v.牺牲 | |
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109
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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110
constellations
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| n.星座( constellation的名词复数 )；一群杰出人物；一系列（相关的想法、事物）；一群（相关的人） | |
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111
disappearance
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| n.消失，消散，失踪 | |
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112
starry
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| adj.星光照耀的, 闪亮的 | |
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113
firmament
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| n.苍穹；最高层 | |
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114
milky
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| adj.牛奶的，多奶的；乳白色的 | |
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115
reposes
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| v.将（手臂等）靠在某人（某物）上( repose的第三人称单数 ) | |
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116
wreak
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| v.发泄；报复 | |
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117
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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118
inmates
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| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
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119
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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120
hearth
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| n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面 | |
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121
filth
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| n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥 | |
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122
tenements
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| n.房屋，住户，租房子( tenement的名词复数 ) | |
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123
epidemic
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| n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的 | |
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124
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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125
bartering
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| v.作物物交换，以货换货( barter的现在分词 ) | |
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126
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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127
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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128
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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129
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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130
copious
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| adj.丰富的，大量的 | |
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131
exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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132
needy
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| adj.贫穷的，贫困的，生活艰苦的 | |
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133
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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134
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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135
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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136
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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137
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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138
piscatorial
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| adj.鱼的；渔业的 | |
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139
artifice
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| n.妙计，高明的手段；狡诈，诡计 | |
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140
dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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141
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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142
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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143
scarcity
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| n.缺乏，不足，萧条 | |
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144
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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145
diabolical
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| adj.恶魔似的，凶暴的 | |
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146
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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147
archers
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| n.弓箭手，射箭运动员( archer的名词复数 ) | |
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148
sling
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| vt.扔；悬挂；n.挂带；吊索，吊兜；弹弓 | |
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149
javelin
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| n.标枪，投枪 | |
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150
skull
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| n.头骨；颅骨 | |
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151
dice
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| n.骰子；vt.把（食物）切成小方块，冒险 | |
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152
extolled
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| v.赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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