Hardship and disappointment made our hero prematurely1 old, but couldnot conquer his indomitable spirit. The disastrous2 voyage of June,1615, when he fell into the hands of the French, is spoken of by theCouncil for New England in 1622 as "the ruin of that poor gentleman,Captain Smith, who was detained prisoner by them, and forced tosuffer many extremities3 before he got free of his troubles;" but hedid not know that he was ruined, and did not for a moment relax hisefforts to promote colonization4 and obtain a command, nor relinquishhis superintendence of the Western Continent.
His last days were evidently passed in a struggle for existence,which was not so bitter to him as it might have been to another man,for he was sustained by ever-elating "great expectations." That hewas pinched for means of living, there is no doubt. In 1623 heissued a prospectus5 of his "General Historie," in which he said:
"These observations are all I have for the expenses of a thousandpounds and the loss of eighteen years' time, besides all the travels,dangers, miseries6 and incumbrances for my countries good, I haveendured gratis7: ....this is composed in less than eighty sheets,besides the three maps, which will stand me near in a hundred pounds,which sum I cannot disburse8: nor shall the stationers have the copyfor nothing. I therefore, humbly9 entreat10 your Honour, either toadventure, or give me what you please towards the impression, and Iwill be both accountable and thankful."He had come before he was fifty to regard himself as an old man, andto speak of his "aged11 endeavors." Where and how he lived in hislater years, and with what surroundings and under what circumstanceshe died, there is no record. That he had no settled home, and was inmean lodgings12 at the last, may be reasonably inferred. There is amanuscript note on the fly-leaf of one of the original editions of"The Map of Virginia...." (Oxford, 1612), in ancient chirography,but which from its reference to Fuller could not have been writtenuntil more than thirty years after Smith's death. It says: "When hewas old he lived in London poor but kept up his spirits with thecommemoration of his former actions and bravery. He was buried inSt. Sepulcher's Church, as Fuller tells us, who has given us a lineof his Ranting13 Epitaph."That seems to have been the tradition of the man, buoyantlysupporting himself in the commemoration of his own achievements. Tothe end his industrious14 and hopeful spirit sustained him, and in thelast year of his life he was toiling15 on another compilation16, andpromised his readers a variety of actions and memorable17 observationswhich they shall "find with admiration18 in my History of the Sea, ifGod be pleased I live to finish it."He died on the 21 St of June, 1631, and the same day made his lastwill, to which he appended his mark, as he seems to have been toofeeble to write his name. In this he describes himself as "CaptainJohn Smith of the parish of St. Sepulcher's London Esquior." Hecommends his soul "into the hands of Almighty19 God, my maker20, hopingthrough the merits of Christ Jesus my Redeemer to receive fullremission of all my sins and to inherit a place in the everlastingkingdom"; his body he commits to the earth whence it came; and "ofsuch worldly goods whereof it hath pleased God in his mercy to makeme an unworthy receiver," he bequeathes: first, to Thomas Packer,Esq., one of his Majesty22's clerks of the Privy23 Seal, "all myhouses, lands, tenantements and hereditaments whatsoever24, situatelying and being in the parishes of Louthe and Great Carleton, in thecounty of Lincoln together with my coat of armes"; and charges him topay certain legacies25 not exceeding the sum of eighty pounds, out ofwhich he reserves to himself twenty pounds to be disposed of as hechooses in his lifetime. The sum of twenty pounds is to be disbursedabout the funeral. To his most worthy21 friend, Sir Samuel SaltonstallKnight, he gives five pounds; to Morris Treadway, five pounds; to hissister Smith, the widow of his brother, ten pounds; to his cousinSteven Smith, and his sister, six pounds thirteen shillings andfourpence between them; to Thomas Packer, Joane, his wife, andEleanor, his daughter, ten pounds among them; to "Mr. Reynolds, thelay Mr of the Goldsmiths Hall, the sum of forty shillings"; toThomas, the son of said Thomas Packer, "my trunk standing26 in mychamber at Sir Samuel Saltonstall's house in St. Sepulcher's parish,together with my best suit of apparel of a tawny28 color viz. hose,doublet jirkin and cloak," "also, my trunk bound with iron barsstanding in the house of Richard Hinde in Lambeth, together--withhalf the books therein"; the other half of the books to Mr. JohnTredeskin and Richard Hinde. His much honored friend, Sir SamuelSaltonstall, and Thomas Packer, were joint29 executors, and the willwas acknowledged in the presence "of Willmu Keble Snr civitas,London, William Packer, Elizabeth Sewster, Marmaduke Walker, hismark, witness."We have no idea that Thomas Packer got rich out of the houses, landsand tenements30 in the county of Lincoln. The will is that of a poorman, and reference to his trunks standing about in the houses of hisfriends, and to his chamber27 in the house of Sir Samuel Saltonstall,may be taken as proof that he had no independent and permanentabiding-place.
It is supposed that he was buried in St. Sepulcher's Church. Thenegative evidence of this is his residence in the parish at the timeof his death, and the more positive, a record in Stow's "Survey ofLondon," 1633, which we copy in full:
This Table is on the south side of the Quire in Saint Sepulchers,with this Inscription31:
To the living Memory of his deceased Friend, Captaine John Smith, whodeparted this mortall life on the 21 day of June, 1631, with hisArmes, and this Motto,Accordamus, vincere est vivere.
Here lies one conquer'd that hath conquer'd Kings,Subdu'd large Territories, and done thingsWhich to the World impossible would seeme,But that the truth is held in more esteeme,Shall I report His former service doneIn honour of his God and Christendome:
How that he did divide from Pagans three,Their heads and Lives, types of his chivalry32:
For which great service in that Climate done,Brave Sigismundus (King of Hungarion)Did give him as a Coat of Armes to weare,Those conquer'd heads got by his Sword and Speare?
Or shall I tell of his adventures since,Done in Firginia, that large Continence:
I-low that he subdu'd Kings unto his yoke,And made those heathen flie, as wind doth smoke:
And made their Land, being of so large a Station,A hab;tation for our Christian33 Nation:
Where God is glorifi'd, their wants suppli'd,Which else for necessaries might have di'd?
But what avails his Conquest now he lyesInter'd in earth a prey34 for Wormes & Flies?
O may his soule in sweet Mizium sleepe,Untill the Keeper that all soules doth keepe,Returne to judgement and that after thence,With Angels he may have his recompence.
Captaine John Smith, sometime Governour of Firginia, andAdmirall of New England.
This remarkable35 epitaph is such an autobiographical record as Smithmight have written himself. That it was engraved36 upon a tablet andset up in this church rests entirely37 upon the authority of Stow. Thepresent pilgrim to the old church will find no memorial that Smithwas buried there, and will encounter besides incredulity of thetradition that he ever rested there.
The old church of St. Sepulcher's, formerly38 at the confluence39 of SnowHill and the Old Bailey, now lifts its head far above the pompousviaduct which spans the valley along which the Fleet Ditch onceflowed. All the registers of burial in the church were destroyed bythe great fire of 1666, which burnt down the edifice40 from floor toroof, leaving only the walls and tower standing. Mr. Charles Deane,whose lively interest in Smith led him recently to pay a visit to St.
Sepulcher's, speaks of it as the church "under the pavement of whichthe remains41 of our hero were buried; but he was not able to see thestone placed over those remains, as the floor of the church at thattime was covered with a carpet.... The epitaph to his memory,however, it is understood, cannot now be deciphered upon thetablet,"--which he supposes to be the one in Stow.
The existing tablet is a slab42 of bluish-black marble, which formerlywas in the chancel. That it in no way relates to Captain Smith anear examination of it shows. This slab has an escutcheon whichindicates three heads, which a lively imagination may conceive to bethose of Moors43, on a line in the upper left corner on the husband'sside of a shield, which is divided by a perpendicular44 line. As Smithhad no wife, this could not have been his cognizance. Nor are thesehis arms, which were three Turks' heads borne over and beneath achevron. The cognizance of "Moors' heads," as we have said, was notsingular in the Middle Ages, and there existed recently in this verychurch another tomb which bore a Moor's head as a family badge. Theinscription itself is in a style of lettering unlike that used in thetime of James I., and the letters are believed not to belong to anearlier period than that of the Georges. This bluish-black stone hasbeen recently gazed at by many pilgrims from this side of the ocean,with something of the feeling with which the Moslems regard the Kaabaat Mecca. This veneration45 is misplaced, for upon the stone aredistinctly visible these words:
"Departed this life September....
....sixty-six ....years....
....months ...."As John Smith died in June, 1631, in his fifty-second year, thisstone is clearly not in his honor: and if his dust rests in thischurch, the fire of 1666 made it probably a labor46 of wasted love tolook hereabouts for any monument of him.
A few years ago some American antiquarians desired to place somemonument to the "Admiral of New England" in this church, and amemorial window, commemorating47 the "Baptism of Pocahontas," wassuggested. We have been told, however, that a custom of St.
Sepulcher's requires a handsome bonus to the rector for any memorialset up in the church which the kindly48 incumbent49 had no power to setaside (in his own case) for a foreign gift and act of internationalcourtesy of this sort; and the project was abandoned.
Nearly every trace of this insatiable explorer of the earth hasdisappeared from it except in his own writings. The only monument tohis memory existing is a shabby little marble shaft51 erected52 on thesoutherly summit of Star Island, one of the Isles53 of Shoals. By akind of irony54 of fortune, which Smith would have grimly appreciated,the only stone to perpetuate55 his fame stands upon a little heap ofrocks in the sea; upon which it is only an inference that he ever setfoot, and we can almost hear him say again, looking round upon thisroomy earth, so much of which he possessed56 in his mind, "No lot forme but Smith's Isles, which are an array of barren rocks, the mostovergrowne with shrubs57 and sharpe whins you can hardly passe them:
without either grasse or wood but three or foure short shrubby58 oldcedars."Nearly all of Smith's biographers and the historians of Virginiahave, with great respect, woven his romances about his career intotheir narratives59, imparting to their paraphrases60 of his story such anelevation as his own opinion of himself seemed to demand. Ofcontemporary estimate of him there is little to quote except thepanegyrics in verse he has preserved for us, and the inference fromhis own writings that he was the object of calumny61 and detraction62.
Enemies he had in plenty, but there are no records left of theiropinion of his character. The nearest biographical notice of him inpoint of time is found in the "History of the Worthies63 of England,"by Thomas Fuller, D.D., London, 1662.
Old Fuller's schoolmaster was Master Arthur Smith, a kinsman64 of John,who told him that John was born in Lincolnshire, and it is probablethat Fuller received from his teacher some impression about theadventurer.
Of his "strange performances" in Hungary, Fuller says: "The scenewhereof is laid at such a distance that they are cheaper creditedthan confuted.""From the Turks in Europe he passed to the pagans in America, wheretowards the latter end of the reign50 of Queen Elizabeth [it was in thereign of James] such his perils65, preservations66, dangers,deliverances, they seem to most men above belief, to some beyondtruth. Yet have we two witnesses to attest67 them, the prose and thepictures, both in his own book; and it soundeth much to thediminution of his deeds that he alone is the herald68 to publish andproclaim them.""Surely such reports from strangers carry the greater reputation.
However, moderate men must allow Captain Smith to have been veryinstrumental in settling the plantation69 in Virginia, whereof he wasgovernor, as also Admiral of New England.""He led his old age in London, where his having a prince's mindimprisoned in a poor man's purse, rendered him to the contempt ofsuch as were not ingenuous70. Yet he efforted his spirits with theremembrance and relation of what formerly he had been, and what hehad done."Of the "ranting epitaph," quoted above, Fuller says: "Theorthography, poetry, history and divinity in this epitaph are muchalike."Without taking Captain John Smith at his own estimate of himself, hewas a peculiar71 character even for the times in which he lived. Heshared with his contemporaries the restless spirit of roving andadventure which resulted from the invention of the mariner's compassand the discovery of the New World; but he was neither so sordid72 norso rapacious73 as many of them, for his boyhood reading of romances hadevidently fired him with the conceits74 of the past chivalric76 period.
This imported into his conduct something inflated77 and somethingelevated. And, besides, with all his enormous conceit75, he had astratum of practical good sense, a shrewd wit, and the salt of humor.
If Shakespeare had known him, as he might have done, he would havehad a character ready to his hand that would have added one of themost amusing and interesting portraits to his gallery. He faintlysuggests a moral Falstaff, if we can imagine a Falstaff withoutvices. As a narrator he has the swagger of a Captain Dalghetty, buthis actions are marked by honesty and sincerity79. He appears to havehad none of the small vices78 of the gallants of his time. Hischivalric attitude toward certain ladies who appear in hisadventures, must have been sufficiently80 amusing to his associates.
There is about his virtue81 a certain antique flavor which must haveseemed strange to the adventurers and court hangers-on in London.
Not improbably his assumptions were offensive to the ungodly, and hisingenuous boastings made him the object of amusement to the skeptics.
Their ridicule82 would naturally appear to him to arise from envy. Weread between the lines of his own eulogies83 of himself, that there wasa widespread skepticism about his greatness and his achievements,which he attributed to jealousy84. Perhaps his obtrusive85 virtues86 madehim enemies, and his rectitude was a standing offense87 to hisassociates.
It is certain he got on well with scarcely anybody with whom he wasthrown in his enterprises. He was of common origin, and alwayscarried with him the need of assertion in an insecure position. Heappears to us always self-conscious and ill at ease with gentlemenborn. The captains of his own station resented his assumptions ofsuperiority, and while he did not try to win them by an affectationof comradeship, he probably repelled88 those of better breeding by aswaggering manner. No doubt his want of advancement89 was partly dueto want of influence, which better birth would have given him; butthe plain truth is that he had a talent for making himselfdisagreeable to his associates. Unfortunately he never engaged inany enterprise with any one on earth who was so capable of conductingit as himself, and this fact he always made plain to his comrades.
Skill he had in managing savages90, but with his equals among whites helacked tact91, and knew not the secret of having his own way withoutseeming to have it. He was insubordinate, impatient of any authorityover him, and unwilling92 to submit to discipline he did not himselfimpose.
Yet it must be said that he was less self-seeking than those who werewith him in Virginia, making glory his aim rather than gain always;that he had a superior conception of what a colony should be, and howit should establish itself, and that his judgment93 of what was bestwas nearly always vindicated94 by the event. He was not the founder95 ofthe Virginia colony, its final success was not due to him, but it wasowing almost entirely to his pluck and energy that it held on andmaintained an existence during the two years and a half that he waswith it at Jamestown. And to effect this mere96 holding on, with thevagabond crew that composed most of the colony, and with theextravagant and unintelligent expectations of the London Company, wasa feat97 showing decided98 ability. He had the qualities fitting him tobe an explorer and the leader of an expedition. He does not appearto have had the character necessary to impress his authority on acommunity. He was quarrelsome, irascible, and quick to fancy thathis full value was not admitted. He shines most upon such smallexpeditions as the exploration of the Chesapeake; then his energy,self-confidence, shrewdness, inventiveness, had free play, and hispluck and perseverance99 are recognized as of the true heroicsubstance.
Smith, as we have seen, estimated at their full insignificance100 suchflummeries as the coronation of Powhatan, and the foolishness oftaxing the energies of the colony to explore the country for gold andchase the phantom101 of the South Sea. In his discernment and in hisconceptions of what is now called "political economy" he was inadvance of his age. He was an advocate of "free trade" before theterm was invented. In his advice given to the New England plantationin his "Advertisements" he says:
"Now as his Majesty has made you custome-free for seven yeares, havea care that all your countrymen shall come to trade with you, be nottroubled with pilotage, boyage, ancorage, wharfage, custome, or anysuch tricks as hath been lately used in most of our plantations,where they would be Kings before their folly102; to the discouragementof many, and a scorne to them of understanding, for Dutch, French,Biskin, or any will as yet use freely the Coast without controule,and why not English as well as they? Therefore use all commers withthat respect, courtesie, and liberty is fitting, which will in ashort time much increase your trade and shipping103 to fetch it fromyou, for as yet it were not good to adventure any more abroad withfactors till you bee better provided; now there is nothing moreenricheth a Common-wealth than much trade, nor no meanes better toincrease than small custome, as Holland, Genua, Ligorne, as diversother places can well tell you, and doth most beggar those placeswhere they take most custome, as Turkie, the Archipelegan Iles,Cicilia, the Spanish ports, but that their officers will connive104 toenrich themselves, though undo105 the state."It may perhaps be admitted that he knew better than the London or thePlymouth company what ought to be done in the New World, but it isabsurd to suppose that his success or his ability forfeited106 him theconfidence of both companies, and shut him out of employment. Thesimple truth seems to be that his arrogance107 and conceit andimportunity made him unpopular, and that his proverbial ill luck wasset off against his ability.
Although he was fully108 charged with the piety109 of his age, and kept inmind his humble110 dependence111 on divine grace when he was plunderingVenetian argosies or lying to the Indians, or fighting anywheresimply for excitement or booty, and was always as devout112 as a modernSicilian or Greek robber; he had a humorous appreciation113 of the valueof the religions current in his day. He saw through the hypocrisy114 ofthe London Company, "making religion their color, when all their aimwas nothing but present profit." There was great talk aboutChristianizing the Indians; but the colonists115 in Virginia taught themchiefly the corruptions116 of civilized117 life, and those who weredespatched to England soon became debauched by London vices. "Muchthey blamed us [he writes] for not converting the Salvages118, whenthose they sent us were little better, if not worse, nor did they allconvert any of those we sent them to England for that purpose."Captain John Smith died unmarried, nor is there any record that heever had wife or children. This disposes of the claim of subsequentJohn Smiths to be descended119 from him. He was the last of that race;the others are imitations. He was wedded120 to glory. That he was notinsensible to the charms of female beauty, and to the heavenly pityin their hearts, which is their chief grace, his writings abundantlyevince; but to taste the pleasures of dangerous adventure, to learnwar and to pick up his living with his sword, and to fight whereverpiety showed recompense would follow, was the passion of his youth,while his manhood was given to the arduous121 ambition of enlarging thedomains of England and enrolling122 his name among those heroes who makean ineffaceable impression upon their age. There was no time in hislife when he had leisure to marry, or when it would have beenconsistent with his schemes to have tied himself to a home.
As a writer he was wholly untrained, but with all his introversionsand obscurities he is the most readable chronicler of his time, themost amusing and as untrustworthy as any. He is influenced by hisprejudices, though not so much by them as by his imagination andvanity. He had a habit of accurate observation, as his maps show,and this trait gives to his statements and descriptions, when his ownreputation is not concerned, a value beyond that of those of mostcontemporary travelers. And there is another thing to be said abouthis writings. They are uncommonly123 clean for his day. Only here andthere is coarseness encountered. In an age when nastiness waswritten as well as spoken, and when most travelers felt called uponto satisfy a curiosity for prurient124 observations, Smith preserved atone125 quite remarkable for general purity.
Captain Smith is in some respects a very good type of the restlessadventurers of his age; but he had a little more pseudo-chivalry atone end of his life, and a little more piety at the other, than therest. There is a decidedly heroic element in his courage, hardihood,and enthusiasm, softened126 to the modern observer's comprehension bythe humorous contrast between his achievements and his estimate ofthem. Between his actual deeds as he relates them, and his noblesentiments, there is also sometimes a contrast pleasing to theworldly mind. He is just one of those characters who would be moreagreeable on the stage than in private life. His extraordinaryconceit would be entertaining if one did not see too much of him.
Although he was such a romancer that we can accept few of hisunsupported statements about himself, there was, nevertheless, acertain verity127 in his character which showed something more thanloyalty to his own fortune; he could be faithful to an ambition forthe public good. Those who knew him best must have found in him verylikable qualities, and acknowledged the generosities128 of his nature,while they were amused at his humorous spleen and his seriouscontemplation of his own greatness. There is a kind of simplicity129 inhis self-appreciation that wins one, and it is impossible for thecandid student of his career not to feel kindly towards the "sometimeGovernor of Virginia and Admiral of New England."
The End
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prematurely
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disastrous
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extremities
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colonization
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prospectus
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miseries
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gratis
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disburse
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humbly
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entreat
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aged
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lodgings
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ranting
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| v.夸夸其谈( rant的现在分词 )；大叫大嚷地以…说教；气愤地)大叫大嚷；不停地大声抱怨 | |
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industrious
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toiling
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compilation
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memorable
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admiration
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almighty
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maker
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worthy
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majesty
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privy
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whatsoever
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legacies
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standing
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chamber
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joint
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inscription
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chivalry
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Christian
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prey
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remarkable
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engraved
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entirely
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formerly
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confluence
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| n.汇合，聚集 | |
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40
edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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41
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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42
slab
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| n.平板，厚的切片；v.切成厚板，以平板盖上 | |
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43
moors
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| v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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perpendicular
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| adj.垂直的，直立的；n.垂直线，垂直的位置 | |
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45
veneration
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| n.尊敬，崇拜 | |
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46
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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47
commemorating
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| v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的现在分词 ) | |
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48
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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49
incumbent
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| adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的 | |
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50
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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51
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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52
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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53
isles
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| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
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54
irony
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| n.反语，冷嘲；具有讽刺意味的事，嘲弄 | |
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55
perpetuate
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| v.使永存，使永记不忘 | |
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56
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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57
shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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58
shrubby
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| adj.灌木的，灌木一般的，灌木繁茂著的 | |
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59
narratives
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| 记叙文( narrative的名词复数 )； 故事； 叙述； 叙述部分 | |
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60
paraphrases
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| n.释义，意译( paraphrase的名词复数 )v.释义，意译( paraphrase的第三人称单数 ) | |
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61
calumny
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| n.诽谤，污蔑，中伤 | |
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62
detraction
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| n.减损；诽谤 | |
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63
worthies
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| 应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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64
kinsman
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| n.男亲属 | |
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65
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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66
preservations
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| n.保藏( preservation的名词复数 )；储藏；保持 | |
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attest
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| vt.证明，证实；表明 | |
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68
herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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69
plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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70
ingenuous
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| adj.纯朴的，单纯的；天真的；坦率的 | |
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71
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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72
sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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rapacious
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| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
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74
conceits
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| 高傲( conceit的名词复数 )； 自以为； 巧妙的词语； 别出心裁的比喻 | |
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75
conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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76
chivalric
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| 有武士气概的，有武士风范的 | |
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inflated
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| adj.（价格）飞涨的；（通货）膨胀的；言过其实的；充了气的v.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）膨胀；（使）通货膨胀；物价上涨 | |
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78
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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79
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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80
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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81
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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82
ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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83
eulogies
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| n.颂词，颂文( eulogy的名词复数 ) | |
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84
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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85
obtrusive
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| adj.显眼的；冒失的 | |
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86
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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87
offense
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| n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪 | |
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88
repelled
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| v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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89
advancement
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| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
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90
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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91
tact
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| n.机敏，圆滑，得体 | |
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92
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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93
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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94
vindicated
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| v.澄清（某人/某事物）受到的责难或嫌疑( vindicate的过去式和过去分词 )；表明或证明（所争辩的事物）属实、正当、有效等；维护 | |
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95
Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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96
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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97
feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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98
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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99
perseverance
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| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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100
insignificance
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| n.不重要；无价值；无意义 | |
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101
phantom
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| n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的 | |
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102
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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103
shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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104
connive
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| v.纵容；密谋 | |
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105
undo
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| vt.解开，松开；取消，撤销 | |
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106
forfeited
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| （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去( forfeit的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
arrogance
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| n.傲慢，自大 | |
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108
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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109
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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110
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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111
dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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112
devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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113
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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114
hypocrisy
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| n.伪善，虚伪 | |
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115
colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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116
corruptions
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| n.堕落( corruption的名词复数 )；腐化；腐败；贿赂 | |
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117
civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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118
salvages
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| 海上营救( salvage的名词复数 )； 抢救出的财产； 救援费； 经加工后重新利用的废物 | |
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119
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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120
wedded
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| adj.正式结婚的；渴望…的，执著于…的v.嫁，娶，（与…）结婚( wed的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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121
arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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122
enrolling
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| v.招收( enrol的现在分词 )；吸收；入学；加入；[亦作enrol]( enroll的现在分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起 | |
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123
uncommonly
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| adv. 稀罕(极，非常) | |
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124
prurient
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| adj.好色的，淫乱的 | |
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125
atone
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| v.赎罪，补偿 | |
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126
softened
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| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
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127
verity
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| n.真实性 | |
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128
generosities
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| n.慷慨( generosity的名词复数 )；大方；宽容；慷慨或宽容的行为 | |
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129
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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