But (I continued presently), perhaps I am preventing you from going, as you long have wished to do, Ischomachus?
To which he: By no means, Socrates. I should not think of going away until the gathering1 in the market is dispersed2.262
Of course, of course (I answered), you are naturally most careful not to forfeit3 the title they have given you of “honest gentleman”;263 and yet, I daresay, fifty things at home are asking your attention at this moment; only you undertook to meet your foreign friends, and rather than play them false you go on waiting.
Isch. Let me so far corect you, Socrates; in no case will the things you speak of be neglected, since I have stewards4 and bailiffs264 on the farms.
Soc. And, pray, what is your system when you need a bailiff? Do you search about, until you light on some one with a natural turn for stewardship5; and then try to purchase him?— as, I feel certain, happens when you want a carpenter: first, you discover some one with a turn for carpentry, and then do all you can to get possession of him.265 Or do you educate your bailiffs yourself?
Isch. Most certainly the latter, Socrates; I try to educate them, as you say, myself; and with good reason. He who is properly to fill my place and manage my affairs when I am absent, my “alter ego,”266 needs but to have my knowledge; and if I am fit myself to stand at the head of my own business, I presume I should be able to put another in possession of my knowledge.267
Soc. Well then, the first thing he who is properly to take your place when absent must possess is goodwill6 towards you and yours; for without goodwill, what advantage will there be in any knowledge whatsoever7 which your bailiff may possess?
Isch. None, Socrates; and I may tell you that a kindly8 disposition9 towards me and mine is precisely10 what I first endeavour to instil11.
Soc. And how, in the name of all that is holy, do you pick out whom you will and teach him to have kindly feeling towards yourself and yours?
Isch. By kindly treatment of him, to be sure, whenever the gods bestow12 abundance of good things upon us.
Soc. If I take your meaning rightly, you would say that those who enjoy your good things grow well disposed to you and seek to render you some good?
Isch. Yes, for of all instruments to promote good feeling this I see to be the best.
Soc. Well, granted the man is well disposed to you does it therefore follow, Ischomachus, that he is fit to be your bailiff? It cannot have escaped your observation that albeit13 human beings, as a rule, are kindly disposed towards themselves, yet a large number of them will not apply the attention requisite14 to secure for themselves those good things which they fain would have.
Isch. Yes, but believe me, Socrates, when I seek to appoint such men as bailiffs, I teach them also carefulness and application.268
Soc. Nay15, now in Heaven’s name, once more, how can that be? I always thought it was beyond the power of any teacher to teach these virtues17.269
Isch. Nor is it possible, you are right so far, to teach such excellences18 to every single soul in order as simply as a man might number off his fingers.
Soc. Pray, then, what sort of people have the privilege?270 Should you mind pointing them out to me with some distinctness?
Ishc. Well, in the first place, you would have some difficulty in making intemperate19 people diligent20 — I speak of intemperance21 with regard to wine, for drunkenness creates forgetfulness of everything which needs to be done.
Soc. And are persons devoid22 of self-control in this respect the only people incapable23 of diligence and carefulness? or are there others in like case?
Isch. Certainly, people who are intemperate with regard to sleep, seeing that the sluggard24 with his eyes shut cannot do himself or see that others do what is right.
Soc. What then?271 Are we to regard these as the only people incapable of being taught this virtue16 of carefulness? or are there others in a like condition?
Isch. Surely we must include the slave to amorous25 affection.272 Your woeful lover273 is incapable of being taught attention to anything beyond one single object.274 No light task, I take it, to discover any hope or occupation sweeter to him than that which now employs him, his care for his beloved, nor, when the call for action comes,275 will it be easy to invent worse punishment than that he now endures in separation from the object of his passion.276 Accordingly, I am in no great hurry to appoint a person of this sort to manage277 my affairs; the very attempt to do so I regard as futile26.
Soc. Well, and what of those addicted27 to another passion, that of gain? Are they, too, incapable of being trained to give attention to field and farming operations?
Isch. On the contrary, there are no people easier to train, none so susceptible28 of carefulness in these same matters. One needs only to point out to them that the pursuit is gainful, and their interest is aroused.
Soc. But for ordinary people? Given they are self-controlled to suit your bidding,278 given they possess a wholesome29 appetite for gain, how will you lesson them in carefulness? how teach them growth in diligence to meet your wishes?
Isch. By a simple method, Socrates. When I see a man intent on carefulness, I praise and do my best to honour him. When, on the other hand, I see a man neglectful of his duties, I do not spare him: I try in every way, by word and deed, to wound him.
Soc. Come now, Ischomachus, kindly permit a turn in the discussion, which has hitherto concerned the persons being trained to carefulness themselves, and explain a point in reference to the training process. Is it possible for a man devoid of carefulness himself to render others more careful?
No more possible (he answered) than for a man who knows no music to make others musical.279 If the teacher sets but an ill example, the pupil can hardly learn to do the thing aright.280 And if the master’s conduct is suggestive of laxity, how hardly shall his followers30 attain31 to carefulness! Or to put the matter concisely32, “like master like man.” I do not think I ever knew or heard tell of a bad master blessed with good servants. The converse33 I certainly have seen ere now, a good master and bad servants; but they were the sufferers, not he.281 No, he who would create a spirit of carefulness in others282 must have the skill himself to supervise the field of labour; to test, examine, scrutinise.283 He must be ready to requite34 where due the favour of a service well performed, nor hesitate to visit the penalty of their deserts upon those neglectful of their duty.284 Indeed (he added), the answer of the barbarian35 to the king seems aposite. You know the story,285 how the king had met with a good horse, but wished to give the creature flesh and that without delay, and so asked some one reputed to be clever about horses: “What will give him flesh most quickly?” To which the other: “The master’s eye.” So, too, it strikes me, Socrates, there is nothing like “the master’s eye” to call forth36 latent qualities, and turn the same to beautiful and good effect.
收听单词发音 |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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forfeit
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| vt.丧失；n.罚金，罚款，没收物 | |
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stewards
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| （轮船、飞机等的）乘务员( steward的名词复数 )； （俱乐部、旅馆、工会等的）管理员； （大型活动的）组织者； （私人家中的）管家 | |
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stewardship
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| n. n. 管理工作；管事人的职位及职责 | |
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goodwill
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| n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉 | |
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whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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instil
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| v.逐渐灌输 | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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albeit
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| conj.即使；纵使；虽然 | |
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requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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excellences
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| n.卓越( excellence的名词复数 )；（只用于所修饰的名词后）杰出的；卓越的；出类拔萃的 | |
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intemperate
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| adj.无节制的，放纵的 | |
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diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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intemperance
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| n.放纵 | |
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devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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sluggard
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| n.懒人；adj.懒惰的 | |
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amorous
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| adj.多情的；有关爱情的 | |
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futile
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| adj.无效的，无用的，无希望的 | |
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addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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susceptible
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| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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concisely
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| adv.简明地 | |
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converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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requite
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| v.报酬，报答 | |
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barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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