Misfortune, far from discouraging Balzac, strengthened all his powers of resistance and exalted1 his will and his energy. He had a healthy and strongly optimistic nature, upon which chagrins2, reverses and sorrows acted like so many stimulants3; he was never so resolute4 as after a defeat. M. Sedillot had barely begun the liquidation5 of his business affairs, the printing house and foundry, when he gave himself up passionately6 and exclusively to his literary work, apparently7 having forgotten all his troubles, save the necessity of paying his debts. He had a habit of prompt decisions and quick action. Eager to break at once all the remaining fetters8 that bound him to his assignee, he wrote to the General Baron9 de Pommereul, at Fougeres:
“For the past month I have been busy over some historical researches of great interest, and I hope that in the absence of talent, which in my case is altogether problematic, our national manners and customs may perhaps bring me good luck. I have realised that, no matter how industrious10 I am, my efforts will not bring me in anything like a living wage before the first of next January; and meanwhile the purest chance has brought to my attention a historic incident of 1798 relating to the war of the Chouans and the Vendeans, which gives me a subject that is very easy to handle. It requires no research, except in regard to the localities.
“My first thought was of you, and I decided11 to ask you to grant me an asylum12 for a matter of twenty days. My muse13, her trumpet14, a quire of paper and myself will surely not be greatly in your way.” (Balzac in Brittany, published letter by R. du Pontavice de Heussy.)
The general’s father had been a friend of Francois Balzac, who had rendered him some financial service; accordingly the son hastened to reply to Honore that his house was open to him. No sooner was the letter received than the latter set forth15, such was his haste to leave Paris, collect the material for his story, and find the necessary tranquillity16 for writing it. He left Paris without change of linen18 and with his toilet all in disorder19, intoxicated20 with his sense of liberty, “to such an extent,” writes M. de Pontavice, “that he presented himself to his provincial21 friends wearing such a piteous hat that they found it necessary to conduct him forthwith to the only hatter in Fougeres. That honourable22 tradesman went to infinite pains before he succeeded in discovering any headwear large enough to shelter the bony casket which contained the Human Comedy.”
Honore de Balzac was exuberant23 with joy. He took his hosts by storm through his wit and good humour. He questioned M. de Pommereul as to the main facts about the Chouans; he jotted24 down in his notebook, which he afterwards came to call his larder25, a host of original anecdotes26 preserved by oral tradition; and he roamed the whole countryside, fixing in his mind the landscapes and the gestures, attitudes and physiognomies of the peasants, and saturating28 himself with the atmosphere of the region in which he was to place the chief scenes of his drama.
Those were happy hours during which Honore de Balzac withdrew to his first-floor room, seated himself before a little table placed close to the window, and wrote with feverish29 elation30 of the heroic acts of the Blues31 and the Chouans, of Commander Hulot, Marche-a-Terre and the Abbe Gudin, and wove tangled32 threads of the adventures of Fouche’s spy Mlle. de Verneuil, who set forth to save the young stripling and allowed herself to be caught in the divine snare33 of love.
On some evenings he remained in the drawing-room in company with his hosts, and entered into controversies34 with Mme. de Pommereul, who, being very pious35 herself, tried to persuade him to make a practice of religion; while Balzac, in return, when the discussion was exhausted36, endeavoured to teach her the rules of backgammon. But the one remained unconverted and the other never mastered the course of the noble game. Occasionally he helped to pass the time by inventing stories, which he told with all the vividness of which he was master.
The days slipped away, as fruitful as they were happy; but Balzac’s family became troubled over his prolonged absence. They feared that he was wasting his time amid the pleasures of the country, after all the sacrifices they had made for him, and when he ought to be hard at work, clearing off his debts. They summoned him home, and he left Fougeres at the end of October, regretting the interruption to his task. But he had no sooner arrived in Paris than he set to work again, and he did not fail to keep his provincial friends informed of the progress of his novel. The first thing he did was to change its title from The Stripling, to which Mme. de Pommereul had objected, to The Chouans or Brittany Thirty Years Ago, and finally settled definitely on The Last Chouan or Brittany in 1800. This work, the first that he signed with his own name, was finished in the beginning of 1829, and was published by Urbain Canel. On the eleventh of March he announced to the Baron de Pommereul that he was sending him a set.
“Between four and six days from now,” he wrote, “you will receive the four 12mo volumes of The Last Chouan or Brittany in 1800.
“Did I call it my work? . . . It is partly yours also, for as a matter of fact it is built up from the precious anecdotes which you so ably and so generously related to me between glasses of that pleasant and mild vin de Grave and those crisp buttered biscuits.”
The Last Chouan proved a success. It was criticised and its merit was admitted. L’Universel shows the tone of most of the articles devoted37 to it: “After all, the work is not without interest; if reduced to half its length, it would be amusing from one end to the other. In general, the style is pretentious38 in almost all of the descriptive parts, but the dialogue is not lacking in naturalness and frankness.”
In 1829, after the publication of The Last Chouan, Honore de Balzac plunged39 boldly, under his own name, into the turmoil40 of literature. He pushed ahead audaciously, elbowing his way, and he made himself enemies. He went his own road, indifferent to sarcasms41, mockeries, and spiteful comments called forth by his tranquil17 assurance and certainty of his own strength, which he did not try to hide. At a period when it was the fashion to sigh and be pale and melancholy42, in a stage-setting of lakes, clouds and cathedrals, and when one was expected to be abnormal and mediaeval, Balzac displayed a robust43 joviality45, he was proud of his stalwart build and ruddy complexion47, and, far from looking to the past for literary material, his observing and clairvoyant48 eyes eagerly seized the men of his own time and transformed them into heroes.
All day long he went the rounds of publishers and editors, of papers and reviews, and sought connections with other writers of repute. Returning in the evening to his study, he would write throughout the entire night, until long after the dawn had come, with feverish regularity49 and energy and without fatigue50, ready to begin again the next day. When he gave up his printing house he went to live at No. 1, Rue51 Cassini, in a quarter which at that time was almost deserted52, between the Observatory53 and the Maternity54 Hospital. He brought his furniture with him and fitted up his rooms in accordance with his own tastes and resources. This had called forth some bitter comments from his parents: What right had he to comfort and to something approaching luxury before he had cleared off his debts? “I am reproached for the furnishings of my rooms,” he wrote to his sister Laure, “but all the furniture belonged to me before the catastrophe55 came! I have not bought a single new piece! The wall covering of blue percale which has caused such an outcry was in my chamber56 at the printing house. Letouche and I tacked57 it with our own hands over a frightful58 wall-paper, which would otherwise have had to be changed. My books are my tools and I cannot sell them. My sense of good taste, which enables me to make all my surroundings harmonious59, is something which cannot be bought (unfortunately for the rich); yet, after all, I care so little for any of these things that, if one of my creditors60 wants to have me secretly imprisoned61 at Sainte-Pelagie, I shall be far happier there; for my living will cost me nothing and I shall be no closer prisoner than my work now keeps me in my own home.”
In spite of this apparent and wholly circumstantial disinterestedness62, Balzac loved artistic63 surroundings, rugs, tapestries64 and silver ware65. He detested66 mediocrity, and could enjoy nothing short either of glorious poverty, nobly endured in a garret, or wealth and the splendour of a palace. Balzac shared his apartment with Auguste Borget, a painter and traveller, who was one of his most faithful friends. From a window in their parlour they could look across some gardens and see the dome67 of the Invalides. Ever since his childhood Balzac had made a sort of worship of Napoleon. He was his model and his great ambition was to equal Napoleon’s exploits in the realm of the intellect. Mme. Ancelot relates in the Salons68 of Paris that Balzac had erected69 a sort of altar, surmounted70 by Napoleon’s bust44, on which he had inscribed71: “What he began with the sword I shall achieve with the pen.” This anecdote27 is confirmed by Philarete Chasle, who saw the statue in the Rue Cassini apartment, a plaster statue representing the emperor clad in his redingote and holding his celebrated72 lorgnette in his hand.
Napoleon’s influence upon Balzac was profound, or rather there was a sort of parallelism between their two ambitions, each of a different order, but equally formidable. Balzac was essentially73 a conqueror74 and legislator. But he wished to establish his empire in the intellectual domain75, for he believed that the time for territorial76 conquest was past; yet he wished to prescribe laws for the people and govern them himself. He was a born ruler, whether he turned to literature or politics, and he appointed himself “Marshal of Letters,” just as he might have aspired77 to be prime minister to the king.
After the publication of The Last Chouan, Balzac’s literary activity became prodigious78. Shutting himself into his workroom and seated before a little table covered with green cloth, under the light of a four-branched candlestick, dressed in his monkish79 frock, a white robe in which he felt at ease, with the cord tied slackly around his waist and his shirt unbuttoned at the collar, he turned out, in a dizzy orgy of production, The Physiology80 of Marriage, the short stories constituting the Scenes of Private Life, At the Sign of the Cat-and-Racket, The Ball at Sceaux, The Vendetta81, A Double Family, Peace in the Household, Gobseck and Sarrasine, besides studies, criticisms and essays for newspapers and magazines.
The Physiology of Marriage appeared at the end of December, 1829, and caused quite a little scandal. The public did not understand Balzac’s ideas, they recoiled82 from the boldness of his themes, which sounded like sheer cynicism, and remembered only the crudity83 of certain anecdotes, without trying to penetrate84 their philosophy. He was attacked in the public press, and even his friends did not spare him their reproaches. Balzac defended himself against the criticisms of Mme. Zulma Carraud, whom he had met at Versailles at the home of his sister Laure, and whose esteem85 and affection he was anxious to keep. Mme. Carraud was a broad-minded and discerning woman, of delicate sensibility and an upright nature. Her husband was Commander Carraud, director of studies at the Military School of Saint-Cyr, and later inspector86 of the powder works at Angouleme. Balzac loved her as a confidential87 friend — who, at the same time, did not spare him the truth — and he made frequent visits to the towns where she lived, especially to Issoudun, at her chateau88 of Frapesle, after the Commander had gone into retirement89.
The Physiology might seem to have been an abnormal work for a man of Balzac’s years if it was not known that he had two collaborators, Mme. de Berny, who brought him her experience as a woman of the world, and his father, who gave him the greater part of his maxims91.
Francois de Balzac believed that he was ordained92 to live for more than a hundred years, and perhaps he would have attained93 that age if he had not succumbed94 to the after-effects of an operation on the liver, June 19, 1829. Honore felt this loss keenly, for, although his father often showed himself sceptical as to the value of his son’s literary efforts, too little attention has been paid to the share that he had in the origin of that son’s ideas.
The Physiology had only just appeared when Balzac published the Scenes of Private Life, on March 10, 1836; and without slackening speed, he contributed to a number of different journals. Emile de Girardin had welcomed him to the columns of La Mode, which he had founded in 1829, under the patronage95 of the Duchesse de Berry, and he contributed sketches97 to it regularly: El Verdugo, The Usurer, a Study of a Woman (signed “By the author of the Physiology of Marriage”), Farewell, The Latest Fashion in Words, A New Theory of Breakfasting, The Crossing of the Beresina, and Chateau Life, an essay against the publication of which Balzac protested because his sensitive literary conscience was unwilling98 that it should be printed until developed into something more than a crude sketch96 — and lastly came the Treatise99 on Fashionable Life, a manual which, under the form of pleasantry, was saturated100 with philosophy and lofty social doctrines101.
At the same period, from 1829 to 1830, he collaborated102 with Victor Ratier on the Silhouette103, under his own name and various pseudonyms104. For this periodical he wrote phantasies of a festive105 tone and somewhat broad humour: Some Artists (signed, “An Old Artist”), The Studio, The Grocer, The Charlatan106, Aquatic107 Customs, Physiology of the Toilet, the Cravat108 considered by itself and in its relations to Society and the Individual, Physiology of the Toilet and Padded Coats, Gastronomic109 Physiology, etc. In Le Voleur, edited by Maurice Alhoy, he published La Grisette Parvenue, A Working Girl’s Sunday, and Letters on Paris, a series of articles, incisive110 and farsighted, dealing111 with French politics. Finally, still in 1830, he was almost one of the accredited112 editors of La Caricature, for which he wrote fantasies against the government, sketches of Parisian manners, and pictures of the life of the capital, some of which were destined113 later to find their way into The Magic Skin; namely, Le Cornac de Carlsuhe, Concerning Indifference114 in Politics, A Minister’s Council, The Veneerer, A Passion in College, Physiology of the Passions, etc.
But, not satisfied with this fecundity115 — which would have exhausted many another man of letters — Honore de Balzac, in 1830, founded a critical organ, in company with Emile de Girardin, H. Auger116, and Victor Varaigne, under the title of Feuilleton des Journaux Politiques.
And there were thousands of pages which Balzac carelessly let fall from his fertile pen, and which he valued so slightly that he never afterwards gathered them together for his collected works. On the other hand, they did not seem to interfere117 with the composition of his more important writings, and at the very time that he seemed to be scattering118 his efforts in twenty different papers he was writing The Woman of Thirty, under the guidance of Mme. de Berny, and working on his extraordinary Magic Skin, a dramatic study with a colouring of social philosophy, which he was greatly distressed119 to hear defined as a novel. He was possessed120 with a sort of fever of creation, he had already visualised nearly all the characters in his Human Comedy, and, in spite of his driving labours and his marvellous facility at writing, he could not keep pace with his own imagination. Meanwhile, in order to keep himself awake and excite his productive forces, he indulged, at this period, in a veritable orgy of coffee, cup after cup, an orgy which was destined, after twenty years’ continuance to have a disastrous121 effect upon his health.
Balzac took the most minute precautions in making this coffee; he not only selected several kinds from different localities, in order to obtain a special aroma122, but he had his own special method of brewing123 it, which developed all the virtues124 of the blend. In his Treatise on Modern Stimulants he has told us how he prepared the coffee and what its effects were upon his temperament125. “At last I have discovered a horrible and cruel method,” he writes, “which I recommend only to men of excessive vigour126, with coarse black hair, a skin of mingled127 ochre and vermilion, squarish hands and legs like the balustrades in the Palace Louis XV. It consists in the employment of a decoction of ground coffee taken cold and anhydride (a chemical term which signifies ‘little or no water’) and on an empty stomach. This coffee falls into your stomach, which, as you have learned from Brillat-Savarin, is a sack with a velvety128 interior, lined with little pores and papillae; it finds nothing else, so it attacks this delicate and voluptuous129 lining130; it becomes a sort of food which demands its digestive juices; so it wrings131 them forth, it demands them as a pythoness calls upon her god, it maltreats those delicate walls as a truckman maltreats a pair of young horses; the plexus nerves inflame132, they burn and send their flashes to the brain. Thereupon everything leaps into action; thoughts and ideas rush pell-mell over one another, like battalions133 of the grand army on the field of battle, and the battle takes place. Recollections arrive in a headlong charge, with banners flying; the light cavalry134 of comparisons advances in a magnificent gallop135; the artillery136 of logic137 hurries up with its gun-carriages and ammunition138; flashes of wit arrive like so many sharp-shooters; the action develops; the paper slowly covers over with ink, for the night’s work has begun, and it will end in torrents139 of black water, like the battle in torrents of black powder.”
In spite of the alarming benefits which Balzac attributes to this regime, one is amazed at the abundance of his productions, for, even though he sacrificed a large part of his days and nights, he none the less frequented certain famous salons, was often absent on vacations at M. de Margonne’s home at Sache; at La Grenadiere, where he rented a house; and at Nemours. Besides, he had to spare some time to his friends, his publishers, and to the adjustment of his already complicated finances.
With his remarkably140 keen sense of realities, he knew that it did not suffice merely to produce a work in order to have it become known and sell; and, while it was repugnant to him to solicit141 an article from a fellow craftsman142, he excelled in the art of exciting curiosity, and acquiring partisans143 and women admirers who, upon the publication of each new volume, would loudly proclaim it as a masterpiece. He was on intimate terms with the Duchesse d’Abrantes and Mme. Sophie Gay; he was received by the Baron Gerard and by Mme. Ancelot; he announced to his publisher, Charles Gosselin, that Mme. Recamier had asked him to give a reading from his Magic Skin, “so that we are going to have a whole lot of people to boom us in the Faubourg Saint-Germain.” And he did not content himself with all these benevolent144 “boomers,” for, according to Philibert Audebrand, he himself wrote a very flattering article on his own work in La Caricature, over one of his three pseudonyms.
The book-collector Jacob sketched145 a verbal portrait of Balzac in 1831, a little heavy and over-emphasised, yet fairly like him: “He was about thirty-two years old, and seemed younger than his age. He had not yet taken on too much flesh, yet he was far from being slender, as he still was five or six years earlier. He did not yet wear his hair long, nor had he a moustache. His open countenance146 revealed a character ordinarily kindly147 and jovial46; his high colour, red lips and brilliant eyes were often likely to give the impression that he had just come from the dinner table, where he had not wasted his time.” In order to give a greater degree of truth and life to this sketch, it should be added that Balzac had extremely mobile features, that he was very sensitive, and that, if anything was said that gave him offence, his expression became indifferent, non-committal or haughty148. He suffered when he was congratulated on his short stories and tales, for with justifiable149 pride he wished to be appreciated as a poet, a philosopher and a thinker. It has not been sufficiently150 recognised how well he understood the essence of his own genius; for, aside from the short recitals152 in the Scenes of Private Life, his early works are philosophic153 works, The Magic Skin, Louis Lambert, and The Country Doctor, ranging all the way from the most lofty speculations154 regarding human intelligence to the details of the social, material and moral organisation155 of a village.
But, on the other hand, although Balzac had already acquired a massive aspect, he did not have that vulgar outline which Jacob, the book-fancier, suggests. And when he was speaking enthusiastically in a drawing-room his face irradiated, one might almost say, a sort of spirituality, his eyes glowed with a splendid fire, and his lips parted in a laugh of such potent156 joyousness157 that he communicated the contagion158 of it to his hearers. He spoke159 in a pleasant, well-modulated voice, with fluctuations160 in tone that accorded nicely with the circumstances of the recital151; and his gestures and power of mimicry161 seemed to conjure162 up the characters whose adventures he narrated163. He was so successful that he gave up telling stories in public, for fear of acquiring the reputation of an entertainer, which might have robbed him of the high consideration which he exacted both for himself and for his writings.
In the full heat of his literary work Balzac did not forget his political ambitions; and, since the Revolution of July, 1830, had made him eligible164, he was anxious to present himself in 1832 at one of the electoral colleges, as a candidate for the supplementary165 elections. In April he wrote a pamphlet, Inquest into the politics of two Ministries166, which he signed “M. de Balzac, eligible elector,” and in which he set forth his criticisms of the government and his own principles. As soon as it was printed he sent off forty copies to General de Pommereul, for the purpose of distribution among his friends in Fougeres; and he wrote him:
“I shall write successively four or five more, in order to prove to the electors who nominate me that I can do them honour, and that I shall try to be useful to the country.
“As for parliamentary incorruptibility, my ambition is to see my principles triumphantly167 carried out by an administration, and great ambitions are never for sale.” Whether Baron de Pommereul forewarned him of failure at the hands of his fellow citizens, or whether Balzac wished to have two strings168 to his bow instead of one, no one knows, but at all events in June he asked Henry Berthoud, director of the Gazette de Cambrai, to back him as candidate in his district. In return, Balzac promised to try to get some articles by Berthoud accepted by Rabon for the Revue de Paris. “The coming Assembly,” he prophesied169, “is likely to be a stormy one; it is ripe for revolution. It is possible that the people of your district would prefer to see a Parisian representing their interests rather than any of their own men; a town always loves to see itself represented by an orator90; and, if I seek election to the Assembly, it is with the idea of playing a leading part in politics and of giving the benefit to the community which supported me and from which I have received the political baptism of election. All my friends in Paris, either rightly or wrongly, base some hope upon me. I shall have as my credentials170: Yourself, if that is agreeable to you; the Revue de Paris, the Temps, the Debats, the Voleur, one other minor171 journal, and my own actions from now on.”
But, in spite of all his projects, Balzac was destined never to be a candidate from any district — and so much the better for the advancement172 of French thought.
收听单词发音 |
1
exalted
|
|
| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
chagrins
|
|
| v.使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨( chagrin的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
3
stimulants
|
|
| n.兴奋剂( stimulant的名词复数 )；含兴奋剂的饮料；刺激物；激励物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
resolute
|
|
| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
liquidation
|
|
| n.清算，停止营业 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
passionately
|
|
| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
apparently
|
|
| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
fetters
|
|
| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
baron
|
|
| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
industrious
|
|
| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
decided
|
|
| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
asylum
|
|
| n.避难所，庇护所，避难 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
muse
|
|
| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
trumpet
|
|
| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
forth
|
|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
tranquillity
|
|
| n. 平静, 安静 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
tranquil
|
|
| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
linen
|
|
| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
disorder
|
|
| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
intoxicated
|
|
| 喝醉的，极其兴奋的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
provincial
|
|
| adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
honourable
|
|
| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
exuberant
|
|
| adj.充满活力的；（植物）繁茂的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
jotted
|
|
| v.匆忙记下( jot的过去式和过去分词 )；草草记下，匆匆记下 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
larder
|
|
| n.食物贮藏室，食品橱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
anecdotes
|
|
| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
anecdote
|
|
| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
saturating
|
|
| 浸湿，浸透( saturate的现在分词 )； 使…大量吸收或充满某物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
feverish
|
|
| adj.发烧的，狂热的，兴奋的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
elation
|
|
| n.兴高采烈，洋洋得意 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
blues
|
|
| n.抑郁，沮丧；布鲁斯音乐 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
tangled
|
|
| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
snare
|
|
| n.陷阱，诱惑，圈套；（去除息肉或者肿瘤的）勒除器；响弦，小军鼓；vt.以陷阱捕获，诱惑 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
controversies
|
|
| 争论 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
pious
|
|
| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
exhausted
|
|
| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
devoted
|
|
| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
pretentious
|
|
| adj.自命不凡的，自负的，炫耀的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
plunged
|
|
| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
turmoil
|
|
| n.骚乱，混乱，动乱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
sarcasms
|
|
| n.讥讽，讽刺，挖苦( sarcasm的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
melancholy
|
|
| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
robust
|
|
| adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
bust
|
|
| vt.打破；vi.爆裂；n.半身像；胸部 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
joviality
|
|
| n.快活 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
jovial
|
|
| adj.快乐的，好交际的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
complexion
|
|
| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
clairvoyant
|
|
| adj.有预见的；n.有预见的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
regularity
|
|
| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
fatigue
|
|
| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
rue
|
|
| n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
deserted
|
|
| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
observatory
|
|
| n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
maternity
|
|
| n.母性，母道，妇产科病房；adj.孕妇的，母性的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
catastrophe
|
|
| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
chamber
|
|
| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
tacked
|
|
| 用平头钉钉( tack的过去式和过去分词 )； 附加，增补； 帆船抢风行驶，用粗线脚缝 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
frightful
|
|
| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
harmonious
|
|
| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
creditors
|
|
| n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
imprisoned
|
|
| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
disinterestedness
|
|
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
artistic
|
|
| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
tapestries
|
|
| n.挂毯( tapestry的名词复数 )；绣帷，织锦v.用挂毯（或绣帷）装饰( tapestry的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
ware
|
|
| n.(常用复数)商品，货物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
detested
|
|
| v.憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨( detest的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
dome
|
|
| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
salons
|
|
| n.（营业性质的）店( salon的名词复数 )；厅；沙龙（旧时在上流社会女主人家的例行聚会或聚会场所）；（大宅中的）客厅 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
ERECTED
|
|
| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
surmounted
|
|
| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
inscribed
|
|
| v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
celebrated
|
|
| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
essentially
|
|
| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
conqueror
|
|
| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
domain
|
|
| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
territorial
|
|
| adj.领土的，领地的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
aspired
|
|
| v.渴望，追求( aspire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
prodigious
|
|
| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
monkish
|
|
| adj.僧侣的，修道士的，禁欲的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
physiology
|
|
| n.生理学，生理机能 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
vendetta
|
|
| n.世仇，宿怨 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
recoiled
|
|
| v.畏缩( recoil的过去式和过去分词 )；退缩；报应；返回 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
crudity
|
|
| n.粗糙，生硬；adj.粗略的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
penetrate
|
|
| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
esteem
|
|
| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
inspector
|
|
| n.检查员，监察员，视察员 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
confidential
|
|
| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
chateau
|
|
| n.城堡，别墅 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
retirement
|
|
| n.退休，退职 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
orator
|
|
| n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
maxims
|
|
| n.格言，座右铭( maxim的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
ordained
|
|
| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
attained
|
|
| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
succumbed
|
|
| 不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）( succumb的过去式和过去分词 )； 屈从； 被压垮； 死 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
patronage
|
|
| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
sketch
|
|
| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
sketches
|
|
| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
unwilling
|
|
| adj.不情愿的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
treatise
|
|
| n.专著；(专题)论文 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
saturated
|
|
| a.饱和的，充满的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
doctrines
|
|
| n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 )；教义；学说；（政府政策的）正式声明 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
collaborated
|
|
| 合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾结叛国 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
silhouette
|
|
| n.黑色半身侧面影，影子，轮廓；v.描绘成侧面影，照出影子来，仅仅显出轮廓 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
pseudonyms
|
|
| n.假名，化名，（尤指）笔名( pseudonym的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
festive
|
|
| adj.欢宴的，节日的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
charlatan
|
|
| n.骗子；江湖医生；假内行 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
aquatic
|
|
| adj.水生的，水栖的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
108
cravat
|
|
| n.领巾，领结；v.使穿有领结的服装，使结领结 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
109
gastronomic
|
|
| adj.美食（烹饪）法的，烹任学的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
110
incisive
|
|
| adj.敏锐的，机敏的，锋利的，切入的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
111
dealing
|
|
| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
112
accredited
|
|
| adj.可接受的；可信任的；公认的；质量合格的v.相信( accredit的过去式和过去分词 )；委托；委任；把…归结于 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
113
destined
|
|
| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
114
indifference
|
|
| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
115
fecundity
|
|
| n.生产力；丰富 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
116
auger
|
|
| n.螺丝钻，钻孔机 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
117
interfere
|
|
| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
118
scattering
|
|
| n.[物]散射；散乱，分散；在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的；分散在不同范围的；广泛扩散的；（选票）数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式)；散布；驱散 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
119
distressed
|
|
| 痛苦的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
120
possessed
|
|
| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
121
disastrous
|
|
| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
122
aroma
|
|
| n.香气，芬芳，芳香 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
123
brewing
|
|
| n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
124
virtues
|
|
| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
125
temperament
|
|
| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
126
vigour
|
|
| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
127
mingled
|
|
| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
128
velvety
|
|
| adj. 像天鹅绒的, 轻软光滑的, 柔软的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
129
voluptuous
|
|
| adj.肉欲的，骄奢淫逸的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
130
lining
|
|
| n.衬里，衬料 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
131
wrings
|
|
| 绞( wring的第三人称单数 )； 握紧（尤指别人的手）； 把（湿衣服）拧干； 绞掉（水） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
132
inflame
|
|
| v.使燃烧；使极度激动；使发炎 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
133
battalions
|
|
| n.（陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）( battalion的名词复数 )；协同作战的部队；军队；（组织在一起工作的）队伍 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
134
cavalry
|
|
| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
135
gallop
|
|
| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
136
artillery
|
|
| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
137
logic
|
|
| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
138
ammunition
|
|
| n.军火，弹药 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
139
torrents
|
|
| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
140
remarkably
|
|
| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
141
solicit
|
|
| vi.勾引；乞求；vt.请求，乞求；招揽(生意) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
142
craftsman
|
|
| n.技工，精于一门工艺的匠人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
143
partisans
|
|
| 游击队员( partisan的名词复数 )； 党人； 党羽； 帮伙 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
144
benevolent
|
|
| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
145
sketched
|
|
| v.草拟（sketch的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
146
countenance
|
|
| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
147
kindly
|
|
| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
148
haughty
|
|
| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
149
justifiable
|
|
| adj.有理由的，无可非议的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
150
sufficiently
|
|
| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
151
recital
|
|
| n.朗诵，独奏会，独唱会 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
152
recitals
|
|
| n.独唱会( recital的名词复数 )；独奏会；小型音乐会、舞蹈表演会等；一系列事件等的详述 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
153
philosophic
|
|
| adj.哲学的，贤明的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
154
speculations
|
|
| n.投机买卖( speculation的名词复数 )；思考；投机活动；推断 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
155
organisation
|
|
| n.组织，安排，团体，有机休 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
156
potent
|
|
| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
157
joyousness
|
|
| 快乐，使人喜悦 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
158
contagion
|
|
| n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
159
spoke
|
|
| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
160
fluctuations
|
|
| 波动，涨落，起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
161
mimicry
|
|
| n.（生物）拟态，模仿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
162
conjure
|
|
| v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
163
narrated
|
|
| v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
164
eligible
|
|
| adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
165
supplementary
|
|
| adj.补充的，附加的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
166
ministries
|
|
| （政府的）部( ministry的名词复数 )； 神职； 牧师职位； 神职任期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
167
triumphantly
|
|
| ad.得意洋洋地；得胜地；成功地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
168
strings
|
|
| n.弦 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
169
prophesied
|
|
| v.预告，预言( prophesy的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
170
credentials
|
|
| n.证明，资格，证明书，证件 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
171
minor
|
|
| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
172
advancement
|
|
| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |