“Reasoning, oft admire
How Nature, wise and frugal3, could commit
Such dispositions4 with superfluous5 hand.”
MILTON.
So much of the time of the Beachcomber is spent sweeping6 with hopeful eyes the breadths of the empty sea, policing the uproarious beaches, overhauling7 the hordes8 of roguish reefs, and the medley9 concealed10 in cosy11 caves by waves that storm at the bare mention of the rights of private property, that he cannot avoid casual acquaintance with the scores of animated13 things which ceaselessly woo him from the pursuit of his calling. Should he be inclined to ignore the boldly obvious distractions14 from serious affairs, there are others, not readily discernible, which have singularly direct and successful methods of fixing attention upon themselves.
Roseate or sombre your humour as you patrol the reefs, it is liable to be changed in a flash into clashing tints15 by inadvertent contact with a warty17 ghoul of a sea-urchin, a single one of whose agonising spines18 never fails to bring you face to face with one of the vividest realities of life. A slim but shapely mollusc known as Terebellum or augur19, to mention another conceited20 little disturber of your meditations21, stands on its spire22 in the sand, and screws as you tread, cutting, a delightfully23 symmetrical hole in the sole of your foot, and retaining the core — perfect as that of a diamond drill.
Many and varied24 are the inconspicuous creatures with office to remind the barefooted trespasser25 that no charter of the isles26 and their wrecks27 is flawless, and that they are prepared to inflict28 curious pains and limping penalties for every incautious intrusion on their domicile. Few of the denizens30 of the unkempt coral gardens are more remarkable31 than the crabs. By reef and shore I have come literally32 into contact with so many quaint12 specimens33, and they have so often afforded exhilarating diversion and sent brand-new startling sensations scurrying35 along such curious and complicated byways, that courtesy bids me tender a portrait of one of the family which (in appearance only) may be described as a dandy, and to tell of two or three others whose intimacy36 is invariably enlivening.
Shall I dispose of the dandy first? Perhaps it were better so, for I confess to a very slight acquaintanceship with him, and as I am ignorant, too, of its ceremonious as well as familiar title, the pleasure of a formal introduction is denied. In the portrait the ruling passions — modesty37 and meekness38 — are graphically39 displayed. When it lies close — and it moves rarely, and then with a gentle lateral40 swaying — the fancy dress of seaweed is a garment of invisibility. It is far more true to character alive than as a museum specimen34, for its natural complexion41 is a yellowish grey, the neutral tint16 of the blending of sand and coral mud upon which it resides. The preserving fluid added a pinkish tinge43 to the body and limbs. Blame, therefore, the embalmer44 for the over-conspicuous form which is not in the habit of the creature as it lived. Neither are the plumes45 those of pomp and ceremony, but merely the insignia of self-conscious meekness — the masquerade under which the shrinking crab2 moves about, creating as little din42 and stir as possible, in an ever-hungry world. With such unfaltering art does it act its part that it is difficult to realise the crab’s real self unless aided by mischance. Conscious of the terrors of discovery, it rocks to and fro, that its plumes may sway, as it were, in rhythm with the surge of the sea. Can there be such a thing as an unconscious mimic47? If not, then the portrait is that of an ideal artist.
Those who know only the great flat, ruddy crabs with ponderous48 pincers and pugnacious49 mien50, which frequent fish shop windows, can form but a very unflattering opinion of the fancy varieties which people every mile of the Barrier Reef.
The struggle for existence in this vast, crowded, and most cruel of arenas51 is so appalling52 that the great crab family has been battered53 by circumstances into weird54 and fantastic forms. Only a few come up to the human conception of the beautiful either in figure or colouring. While some shrink from observation, others, though themselves obscure to the vanishing-point, seem to be endowed with a vicious yearning55 for notoriety.
A certain cute little pursuer of fame is absolutely invisible until you find it stuck fast to one of your toes with a serrated dorsal56 spur a quarter of an inch long. It is invisible, because Nature sends it into this breathing world masquerading, as she did Richard III, deformed57, unfashioned, scarce half made-up. In general appearance it closely resembles a crazy root-stalk of alga — green and not quite opaque58, and clinging to such alga it lives, and lives so placidly59 that it cannot be distinguished60 from its prototype except by the sense of touch. When you pick it gingerly from between your toes there is a malicious61 gleam in the pin-point black eyes, and then you understand that it is one of the many inventions designed for the torment62 of trespassers.
I have often sought specimens of this poor relation of the fish-shop window aristocrat63, but invariably in vain, until I have found myself suddenly shouting “Eureka!” while balancing myself on one foot eager for the easement of the other, and the giggling64 demeanour of the imp29 as it parts company with his spur gives a sort of comic relief to the thrilling sensations of the moment. Upon examination this imp seems to be an example of arrested development. Whimsical fate has played upon it a grim practical joke, flattering it primarily by resemblance to a grotesquely65 valorous unicorn66, and then, having changed her mood to mere46 pettishness67, finished it offhand68 by adding a section of semi-animate seaweed.
Although among the commonest of the species, the grey sand crab, which burrows70 bolt-holes in the beaches, is by no means an uninteresting character. Surrounded by enemies, and yet living on the bare, coverless beach, its faculties71 for self-preservation are exceptionally refined. The eyes are elongated72 ovals, based on singularly mobile pivots73, while the pupils resemble the bubble of a spirit-level. Not only is the range of vision a complete circle, but the crab seems able to concentrate its gaze upon any two given points instantly and automatically. To spite all its skill as a digger, to set at naught74 its superb visual alertness, the sand crab has a special enemy in the bird policeman which patrols the beach. Vigilant75 and obnoxiously76 interfering77, the policeman has a long and curiously78 curved beak79, designed for probing into the affairs of crabs, and unless the “hatter” has hastily stopped the mouth of its shaft80 with a bundle of loose sand — which to the prying81 bird signifies “Out! Please return after lunch!”— will be disposed of with scant82 ceremony and no grace, for the manners of the policeman are shocking.
This quick-footed sand-digger enhances its reputation by the performance of feats84 of subtlety85 and skill. Its bolt-hole is sometimes three feet deep, generally on an incline. Piled in a mound86 the spoil would inevitably87 betray the site of the operations to the policeman, thus seriously facilitating the duties of that official towards the suppression of the species. From remote depths the crab carries a bundle of sand. You remember the trenchant88 way in which Pip’s sister cut the bread and butter, her left hand jamming the loaf hard and fast against her bib? Just so the crab with its bundle of loose sand, though it has the advantage in the number of limbs which may be pressed into service. The feat83 of carrying an armful of sliding sand in proportion to bulk about one-third of the body, is far away and beyond the capacities of human beings, but to the crab, which has acquired the trick of temporary consolidation89 by pressure, it is merely child’s play. Arrived at the mouth of the shaft, it elevates its eyes (which in the dark have rested in neatly90 fitting recesses) for the purpose of a cautious yet sweeping survey. Seeing nothing alarming, it emerges with the alertness of a jack-in-the-box, races several inches, and scatters91 the load broadcast as the sower of seed who went forth92 to sow. Then, as suddenly, the crab pauses and flattens93 itself — its body merging94 with its surroundings almost to invisibility — preparatory for a spurt95 for home. During these exertions96 the intellect of the crab has been concentrated for outwitting the vigilance of enemies, for the plodding97 policeman is not singular in appreciation98. The lordly red-backed sea-eagle occasionally condescends99 to such humble100 fare, and the crab must needs be alert to evade101 the scrutiny102 with which the eagle searches the sand.
This passing reference to the wit and deftness103 of the crab would be quite uncomplimentary in default of special notice of the plug of sand with which it stops its burrow69. As a rule it is about an inch thick, and in content far more than a crab could carry in a single load. How does the creature, working from below and with such refractory105 material, so arrange that the plug shall be flush with the surface and sufficiently106 consolidated107 to retain its own weight? Of what art in loose masonry108 has the crab the unique secret? Shakespeare speaks of stairs of sand, and Poe laments109 the “how few” grains of golden sand which crept through his fingers to the deep; but who but a crab possesses the secret for the building of a roof of the material which is the popular emblem110 of instability and shiftiness?
The impartial111 student must not restrict his notions as to the possibilities of sand to the admirable accomplishments112 of crabs. He may also inspect with profit the handicraft of a lowly mollusc which agglutinates sand-grains into a kind of plaque113, in the substance of which numerous eggs are deposited.
To attribute manual dexterity114 and a calculating mind to a mere crab, is, no doubt, an insult to the intelligence of those who “view all culogium on the brute115 creation with a very considerable degree of suspicion and who look upon every compliment which is paid to the ape as high treason to the dignity of man.” But the truthful116 historian of the capabilities117 of crabs, the duty of one who stands sponsor to some of the species and who has the hardihood to indite118 some of the manifestations119 of their intelligence, wit, and craft, must discard the prejudices of his race, abandon all flattering sense of superiority, forbear the smiles of patronage120, and contemplate121 them from the standpoint of fellowship and sympathy.
In this spirit he watches another expert digger which has a sharp-edged shovel122 affixed123 to the end of each of its eight legs, and is so deft104 in their use that it disappears in the sand on the instant of detection, without visible effort, and almost as quickly as a stone sinks in water.
Unless a crab is a giant in armour124, or is endowed with almost supernatural alertness, or is an artist in the art of mimicry125, or unless it cultivates some method of rapid disappearance126, it has little chance of holding its own in the battle raging unceasingly over the vast areas of the Great Barrier Reef.
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1
crabs
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| n.蟹( crab的名词复数 )；阴虱寄生病；蟹肉v.捕蟹( crab的第三人称单数 ) | |
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crab
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| n.螃蟹，偏航，脾气乖戾的人，酸苹果；vi.捕蟹，偏航，发牢骚；vt.使偏航，发脾气 | |
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frugal
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| adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的 | |
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dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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overhauling
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| n.大修；拆修；卸修；翻修v.彻底检查( overhaul的现在分词 )；大修；赶上；超越 | |
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hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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medley
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| n.混合 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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cosy
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| adj.温暖而舒适的，安逸的 | |
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quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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distractions
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| n.使人分心的事[人]( distraction的名词复数 )；娱乐，消遣；心烦意乱；精神错乱 | |
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tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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warty
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| adj.有疣的，似疣的；瘤状 | |
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spines
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| n.脊柱( spine的名词复数 )；脊椎；（动植物的）刺；书脊 | |
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augur
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| n.占卦师；v.占卦 | |
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conceited
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| adj.自负的，骄傲自满的 | |
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meditations
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| 默想( meditation的名词复数 )； 默念； 沉思； 冥想 | |
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spire
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| n.(教堂)尖顶，尖塔，高点 | |
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delightfully
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| 大喜，欣然 | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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trespasser
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| n.侵犯者；违反者 | |
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isles
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| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
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wrecks
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| n.沉船( wreck的名词复数 )；（事故中）遭严重毁坏的汽车（或飞机等）；（身体或精神上）受到严重损伤的人；状况非常糟糕的车辆（或建筑物等）v.毁坏[毁灭]某物( wreck的第三人称单数 )；使（船舶）失事，使遇难，使下沉 | |
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inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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imp
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| n.顽童 | |
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denizens
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| n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 ) | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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scurrying
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| v.急匆匆地走( scurry的现在分词 ) | |
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intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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meekness
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| n.温顺，柔和 | |
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graphically
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| adv.通过图表；生动地，轮廓分明地 | |
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lateral
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| adj.侧面的，旁边的 | |
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complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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din
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| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
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tinge
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| vt.(较淡)着色于，染色；使带有…气息；n.淡淡色彩，些微的气息 | |
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44
embalmer
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| 尸体防腐者 | |
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plumes
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| 羽毛( plume的名词复数 )； 羽毛饰； 羽毛状物； 升上空中的羽状物 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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mimic
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| v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人 | |
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ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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pugnacious
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| adj.好斗的 | |
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mien
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| n.风采；态度 | |
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arenas
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| 表演场地( arena的名词复数 )； 竞技场； 活动或斗争的场所或场面； 圆形运动场 | |
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appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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battered
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| adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损 | |
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weird
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| adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的 | |
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yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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dorsal
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| adj.背部的，背脊的 | |
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deformed
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| adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的 | |
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opaque
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| adj.不透光的；不反光的，不传导的；晦涩的 | |
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placidly
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| adv.平稳地，平静地 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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aristocrat
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| n.贵族，有贵族气派的人，上层人物 | |
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giggling
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| v.咯咯地笑( giggle的现在分词 ) | |
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grotesquely
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| adv. 奇异地,荒诞地 | |
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unicorn
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| n.(传说中的)独角兽 | |
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pettishness
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offhand
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| adj.临时，无准备的；随便，马虎的 | |
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burrow
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| vt.挖掘(洞穴)；钻进；vi.挖洞；翻寻；n.地洞 | |
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burrows
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| n.地洞( burrow的名词复数 )v.挖掘（洞穴），挖洞( burrow的第三人称单数 )；翻寻 | |
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faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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elongated
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| v.延长，加长( elongate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pivots
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| n.枢( pivot的名词复数 )；最重要的人（或事物）；中心；核心v.（似）在枢轴上转动( pivot的第三人称单数 )；把…放在枢轴上；以…为核心，围绕（主旨）展开 | |
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naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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vigilant
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| adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的 | |
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obnoxiously
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| adv. 可憎地 讨厌地 | |
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interfering
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| adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词 | |
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curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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beak
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| n.鸟嘴，茶壶嘴，钩形鼻 | |
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shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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prying
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| adj.爱打听的v.打听，刺探（他人的私事）( pry的现在分词 )；撬开 | |
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scant
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| adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略 | |
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feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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subtlety
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| n.微妙，敏锐，精巧；微妙之处，细微的区别 | |
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86
mound
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| n.土墩，堤，小山；v.筑堤，用土堆防卫 | |
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87
inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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88
trenchant
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| adj.尖刻的，清晰的 | |
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89
consolidation
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| n.合并,巩固 | |
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neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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91
scatters
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| v.（使）散开， （使）分散，驱散( scatter的第三人称单数 )；撒 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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93
flattens
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| 变平，使（某物）变平( flatten的第三人称单数 )； 彻底打败某人，使丢脸； 停止增长（或上升）； （把身体或身体部位）紧贴… | |
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94
merging
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| 合并（分类） | |
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95
spurt
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| v.喷出；突然进发；突然兴隆 | |
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96
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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97
plodding
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| a.proceeding in a slow or dull way | |
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98
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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99
condescends
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| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的第三人称单数 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
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100
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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101
evade
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| vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避 | |
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102
scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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103
deftness
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104
deft
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| adj.灵巧的，熟练的（a deft hand 能手） | |
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105
refractory
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| adj.倔强的，难驾驭的 | |
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106
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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107
consolidated
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| a.联合的 | |
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108
masonry
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| n.砖土建筑；砖石 | |
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109
laments
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| n.悲恸，哀歌，挽歌( lament的名词复数 )v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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110
emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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111
impartial
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| adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的 | |
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112
accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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113
plaque
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| n.饰板，匾，(医)血小板 | |
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114
dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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115
brute
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| n.野兽，兽性 | |
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116
truthful
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| adj.真实的，说实话的，诚实的 | |
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117
capabilities
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| n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力 | |
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118
indite
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| v.写（文章，信等）创作 | |
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119
manifestations
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| n.表示，显示（manifestation的复数形式） | |
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120
patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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121
contemplate
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| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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122
shovel
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| n.铁锨，铲子，一铲之量；v.铲，铲出 | |
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123
affixed
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| adj.[医]附着的，附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 )；粘贴；加以；盖（印章） | |
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124
armour
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| （=armor）n.盔甲；装甲部队 | |
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125
mimicry
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| n.（生物）拟态，模仿 | |
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126
disappearance
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| n.消失，消散，失踪 | |
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