The land where he was thrown was Scheria, the country of the Ph?acians. These people dwelt originally near the Cyclopes; but being oppressed by that savage4 race, they migrated to the isle5 of Scheria, under the conduct of Nausithoüs, their king. They were, the poet tells us, a people akin6 to the gods, who appeared manifestly and feasted among them when they offered sacrifices, and did not conceal7 themselves from solitary8 wayfarers9 when they met them. They had abundance of wealth and lived in the enjoyment10 of it undisturbed by the alarms of war, for as they dwelt remote from gain-seeking man, no enemy ever approached their shores, and they did not even require to make use of bows and quivers. Their chief employment was navigation. Their ships, which went with the velocity11 of birds, were endued12 with intelligence; they knew every port and needed no pilot. Alcinoüs, the son of Nausithoüs, was now their king, a wise and just sovereign, beloved by his people.
Now it happened that the very night on which Ulysses was cast ashore13 on the Ph?acian island, and while he lay sleeping on his bed of leaves, Nausicaa, the daughter of the king, had a dream sent by Minerva, reminding her that her wedding-day was not far distant, and that it would be but a prudent14 preparation for that event to have a general washing of the clothes of the family. This was no slight affair, for the fountains were at some distance, and the garments must be carried thither15. On awaking, the princess hastened to her parents to tell them what was on her mind; not alluding16 to her wedding-day, but finding other reasons equally good. Her father readily assented17 and ordered the grooms18 to furnish forth19 a wagon20 for the purpose. The clothes were put therein, and the queen mother placed in the wagon, likewise, an abundant supply of food and wine. The princess took her seat and plied22 the lash23, her attendant virgins24 following her on foot. Arrived at the river-side, they turned out the mules25 to graze, and unlading the carriage, bore the garments down to the water, and working with cheerfulness and alacrity26 soon despatched their labor27. Then having spread the garments on the shore to dry, and having themselves bathed, they sat down to enjoy their meal; after which they rose and amused themselves with a game of ball, the princess singing to them while they played. But when they had refolded the apparel and were about to resume their way to the town, Minerva caused the ball thrown by the princess to fall into the water, whereat they all screamed and Ulysses awaked at the sound.
Now we must picture to ourselves Ulysses, a shipwrecked mariner30, but a few hours escaped from the waves, and utterly31 destitute32 of clothing, awaking and discovering that only a few bushes were interposed between him and a group of young maidens34 whom, by their deportment and attire35, he discovered to be not mere36 peasant girls, but of a higher class. Sadly needing help, how could he yet venture, naked as he was, to discover himself and make his wants known? It certainly was a case worthy37 of the interposition of his patron goddess Minerva, who never failed him at a crisis. Breaking off a leafy branch from a tree, he held it before him and stepped out from the thicket38. The virgins at sight of him fled in all directions, Nausicaa alone excepted, for her Minerva aided and endowed with courage and discernment. Ulysses, standing39 respectfully aloof40, told his sad case, and besought41 the fair object (whether queen or goddess he professed42 he knew not) for food and clothing. The princess replied courteously43, promising44 present relief and her father’s hospitality when he should become acquainted with the facts. She called back her scattered45 maidens, chiding46 their alarm, and reminding them that the Ph?acians had no enemies to fear. This man, she told them, was an unhappy wanderer, whom it was a duty to cherish, for the poor and stranger are from Jove. She bade them bring food and clothing, for some of her brother’s garments were among the contents of the wagon. When this was done, and Ulysses, retiring to a sheltered place, had washed his body free from the sea-foam, clothed and refreshed himself with food, Pallas dilated47 his form and diffused48 grace over his ample chest and manly49 brows.
The princess, seeing him, was filled with admiration50, and scrupled51 not to say to her damsels that she wished the gods would sent her such a husband. To Ulysses she recommended that he should repair to the city, following herself and train so far as the way lay through the fields; but when they should approach the city she desired that he would no longer be seen in her company, for she feared the remarks which rude and vulgar people might make on seeing her return accompanied by such a gallant52 stranger. To avoid which she directed him to stop at a grove53 adjoining the city, in which were a farm and garden belonging to the king. After allowing time for the princess and her companions to reach the city, he was then to pursue his way thither, and would be easily guided by any he might meet to the royal abode54.
Ulysses obeyed the directions and in due time proceeded to the city, on approaching which he met a young woman bearing a pitcher55 forth for water. It was Minerva, who had assumed that form. Ulysses accosted56 her and desired to be directed to the palace of Alcinoüs the king. The maiden33 replied respectfully, offering to be his guide; for the palace, she informed him, stood near her father’s dwelling57. Under the guidance of the goddess, and by her power enveloped58 in a cloud which shielded him from observation, Ulysses passed among the busy crowd, and with wonder observed their harbor, their ships, their forum59 (the resort of heroes), and their battlements, till they came to the palace, where the goddess, having first given him some information of the country, king, and people he was about to meet, left him. Ulysses, before entering the courtyard of the palace, stood and surveyed the scene. Its splendor60 astonished him. Brazen61 walls stretched from the entrance to the interior house, of which the doors were gold, the doorposts silver, the lintels silver ornamented62 with gold. On either side were figures of mastiffs wrought64 in gold and silver, standing in rows as if to guard the approach. Along the walls were seats spread through all their length with mantles65 of finest texture66, the work of Ph?acian maidens. On these seats the princes sat and feasted, while golden statues of graceful67 youths held in their hands lighted torches which shed radiance over the scene. Full fifty female menials served in household offices, some employed to grind the corn, others to wind off the purple wool or ply21 the loom68. For the Ph?acian women as far exceeded all other women in household arts as the mariners69 of that country did the rest of mankind in the management of ships. Without the court a spacious70 garden lay, four acres in extent. In it grew many a lofty tree, pomegranate, pear, apple, fig63, and olive. Neither winter’s cold nor summer’s drought arrested their growth, but they flourished in constant succession, some budding while others were maturing. The vineyard was equally prolific71. In one quarter you might see the vines, some in blossom, some loaded with ripe grapes, and in another observe the vintagers treading the wine press. On the garden’s borders flowers of all hues72 bloomed all the year round, arranged with neatest art. In the midst two fountains poured forth their waters, one flowing by artificial channels over all the garden, the other conducted through the courtyard of the palace, whence every citizen might draw his supplies.
Ulysses stood gazing in admiration, unobserved himself, for the cloud which Minerva spread around him still shielded him. At length, having sufficiently73 observed the scene, he advanced with rapid step into the hall where the chiefs and senators were assembled, pouring libation to Mercury, whose worship followed the evening meal. Just then Minerva dissolved the cloud and disclosed him to the assembled chiefs. Advancing to the place where the queen sat, he knelt at her feet and implored74 her favor and assistance to enable him to return to his native country. Then withdrawing, he seated himself in the manner of suppliants76, at the hearth77 side.
For a time none spoke78. At last an aged79 statesman, addressing the king, said, “It is not fit that a stranger who asks our hospitality should be kept waiting in suppliant75 guise80, none welcoming him. Let him therefore be led to a seat among us and supplied with food and wine.” At these words the king rising gave his hand to Ulysses and led him to a seat, displacing thence his own son to make room for the stranger. Food and wine were set before him and he ate and refreshed himself.
The king then dismissed his guests, notifying them that the next day he would call them to council to consider what had best be done for the stranger.
When the guests had departed and Ulysses was left alone with the king and queen, the queen asked him who he was and whence he came, and (recognizing the clothes which he wore as those which her maidens and herself had made) from whom he received those garments. He told them of his residence in Calypso’s isle and his departure thence; of the wreck29 of his raft, his escape by swimming, and of the relief afforded by the princess. The parents heard approvingly, and the king promised to furnish a ship in which his guest might return to his own land.
The next day the assembled chiefs confirmed the promise of the king. A bark was prepared and a crew of stout81 rowers selected, and all betook themselves to the palace, where a bounteous82 repast was provided. After the feast the king proposed that the young men should show their guest their proficiency83 in manly sports, and all went forth to the arena84 for games of running, wrestling, and other exercises. After all had done their best, Ulysses being challenged to show what he could do, at first declined, but being taunted85 by one of the youths, seized a quoit of weight far heavier than any of the Ph?acians had thrown, and sent it farther than the utmost throw of theirs. All were astonished, and viewed their guest with greatly increased respect.
After the games they returned to the hall, and the herald86 led in Demodocus, the blind bard,—
“. . . Dear to the Muse28,
Who yet appointed him both good and ill,
Took from him sight, but gave him strains divine.”
He took for his theme the “Wooden Horse,” by means of which the Greeks found entrance into Troy. Apollo inspired him, and he sang so feelingly the terrors and the exploits of that eventful time that all were delighted, but Ulysses was moved to tears. Observing which, Alcinoüs, when the song was done, demanded of him why at the mention of Troy his sorrows awaked. Had he lost there a father, or brother, or any dear friend? Ulysses replied by announcing himself by his true name, and at their request, recounted the adventures which had befallen him since his departure from Troy. This narrative87 raised the sympathy and admiration of the Ph?acians for their guest to the highest pitch. The king proposed that all the chiefs should present him with a gift, himself setting the example. They obeyed, and vied with one another in loading the illustrious stranger with costly88 gifts.
The next day Ulysses set sail in the Ph?acian vessel89, and in a short time arrived safe at Ithaca, his own island. When the vessel touched the strand90 he was asleep. The mariners, without waking him, carried him on shore, and landed with him the chest containing his presents, and then sailed away.
Neptune91 was so displeased92 at the conduct of the Ph?acians in thus rescuing Ulysses from his hands that on the return of the vessel to port he transformed it into a rock, right opposite the mouth of the harbor.
Homer’s description of the ships of the Ph?acians has been thought to look like an anticipation93 of the wonders of modern steam navigation. Alcinoüs says to Ulysses:
“Say from what city, from what regions tossed,
And what inhabitants those regions boast?
So shalt thou quickly reach the realm assigned,
In wondrous94 ships, self-moved, instinct with mind;
No helm secures their course, no pilot guides;
Like man intelligent they plough the tides,
Conscious of every coast and every bay
That lies beneath the sun’s all-seeing ray.”
—Odyssey, Book VIII.
Lord Carlisle, in his “Diary in the Turkish and Greek Waters,” thus speaks of Corfu, which he considers to be the ancient Ph?acian island:
“The sites explain the ‘Odyssey.’ The temple of the sea-god could not have been more fitly placed, upon a grassy95 platform of the most elastic96 turf, on the brow of a crag commanding harbor, and channel, and ocean. Just at the entrance of the inner harbor there is a picturesque97 rock with a small convent perched upon it, which by one legend is the transformed pinnace of Ulysses.
“Almost the only river in the island is just at the proper distance from the probable site of the city and palace of the king, to justify98 the princess Nausicaa having had resort to her chariot and to luncheon99 when she went with the maidens of the court to wash their garments.”
FATE OF THE SUITORS
Ulysses had now been away from Ithaca for twenty years, and when he awoke he did not recognize his native land. Minerva appeared to him in the form of a young shepherd, informed him where he was, and told him the state of things at his palace. More than a hundred nobles of Ithaca and of the neighboring islands had been for years suing for the hand of Penelope, his wife, imagining him dead, and lording it over his palace and people, as if they were owners of both. That he might be able to take vengeance100 upon them, it was important that he should not be recognized. Minerva accordingly metamorphosed him into an unsightly beggar, and as such he was kindly101 received by Eum?us, the swine-herd, a faithful servant of his house.
Telemachus, his son, was absent in quest of his father. He had gone to the courts of the other kings, who had returned from the Trojan expedition. While on the search, he received counsel from Minerva to return home. He arrived and sought Eum?us to learn something of the state of affairs at the palace before presenting himself among the suitors. Finding a stranger with Eum?us, he treated him courteously, though in the garb102 of a beggar, and promised him assistance. Eum?us was sent to the palace to inform Penelope privately103 of her son’s arrival, for caution was necessary with regard to the suitors, who, as Telemachus had learned, were plotting to intercept104 and kill him. When Eum?us was gone, Minerva presented herself to Ulysses, and directed him to make himself known to his son. At the same time she touched him, removed at once from him the appearance of age and penury105, and gave him the aspect of vigorous manhood that belonged to him. Telemachus viewed him with astonishment106, and at first thought he must be more than mortal. But Ulysses announced himself as his father, and accounted for the change of appearance by explaining that it was Minerva’s doing.
“. . . Then threw Telemachus
His arms around his father’s neck and wept.
Desire intense of lamentation107 seized
On both; soft murmurs108 uttering, each indulged
His grief.”
The father and son took counsel together how they should get the better of the suitors and punish them for their outrages109. It was arranged that Telemachus should proceed to the palace and mingle110 with the suitors as formerly111; that Ulysses should also go as a beggar, a character which in the rude old times had different privileges from what we concede to it now. As traveller and storyteller, the beggar was admitted in the halls of chieftains, and often treated like a guest; though sometimes, also, no doubt, with contumely. Ulysses charged his son not to betray, by any display of unusual interest in him, that he knew him to be other than he seemed, and even if he saw him insulted, or beaten, not to interpose otherwise than he might do for any stranger. At the palace they found the usual scene of feasting and riot going on. The suitors pretended to receive Telemachus with joy at his return, though secretly mortified112 at the failure of their plots to take his life. The old beggar was permitted to enter, and provided with a portion from the table. A touching113 incident occurred as Ulysses entered the courtyard of the palace. An old dog lay in the yard almost dead with age, and seeing a stranger enter, raised his head, with ears erect114. It was Argus, Ulysses’ own dog, that he had in other days often led to the chase.
“. . . Soon as he perceived
Long-lost Ulysses nigh, down fell his ears
Clapped close, and with his tail glad sign he gave
Of gratulation, impotent to rise,
And to approach his master as of old.
Ulysses, noting him, wiped off a tear
Unmarked.
. . . Then his destiny released
Old Argus, soon as he had lived to see
Ulysses in the twentieth year restored.”
As Ulysses sat eating his portion in the hall, the suitors began to exhibit their insolence115 to him. When he mildly remonstrated116, one of them raised a stool and with it gave him a blow. Telemachus had hard work to restrain his indignation at seeing his father so treated in his own hall, but remembering his father’s injunctions, said no more than what became him as master of the house, though young, and protector of his guests.
Penelope had protracted117 her decision in favor of either of her suitors so long that there seemed to be no further pretence118 for delay. The continued absence of her husband seemed to prove that his return was no longer to be expected. Meanwhile her son had grown up, and was able to manage his own affairs. She therefore consented to submit the question of her choice to a trial of skill among the suitors. The test selected was shooting with the bow. Twelve rings were arranged in a line, and he whose arrow was sent through the whole twelve was to have the queen for his prize. A bow that one of his brother heroes had given to Ulysses in former times was brought from the armory119, and with its quiver full of arrows was laid in the hall. Telemachus had taken care that all other weapons should be removed, under pretence that in the heat of competition there was danger, in some rash moment, of putting them to an improper120 use.
All things being prepared for the trial, the first thing to be done was to bend the bow in order to attach the string. Telemachus endeavored to do it, but found all his efforts fruitless; and modestly confessing that he had attempted a task beyond his strength, he yielded the bow to another. He tried it with no better success, and, amidst the laughter and jeers121 of his companions, gave it up. Another tried it and another; they rubbed the bow with tallow, but all to no purpose; it would not bend. Then spoke Ulysses, humbly122 suggesting that he should be permitted to try; for, said he, “beggar as I am, I was once a soldier, and there is still some strength in these old limbs of mine.” The suitors hooted123 with derision, and commanded to turn him out of the hall for his insolence. But Telemachus spoke up for him, and, merely to gratify the old man, bade him try. Ulysses took the bow, and handled it with the hand of a master. With ease he adjusted the cord to its notch124, then fitting an arrow to the bow he drew the string and sped the arrow unerring through the rings.
Without allowing them time to express their astonishment, he said, “Now for another mark!” and aimed direct at the most insolent125 one of the suitors. The arrow pierced through his throat and he fell dead. Telemachus, Eum?us, and another faithful follower126, well armed, now sprang to the side of Ulysses. The suitors, in amazement127, looked round for arms, but found none, neither was there any way of escape, for Eum?us had secured the door. Ulysses left them not long in uncertainty128; he announced himself as the long-lost chief, whose house they had invaded, whose substance they had squandered129, whose wife and son they had persecuted130 for ten long years; and told them he meant to have ample vengeance. All were slain131, and Ulysses was left master of his palace and possessor of his kingdom and his wife.
Tennyson’s poem of “Ulysses” represents the old hero, after his dangers past and nothing left but to stay at home and be happy, growing tired of inaction and resolving to set forth again in quest of new adventures:
“. . . Come, my friends,
’Tis not too late to seek a newer world.
Push off, and sitting well in order smite132
The sounding furrows133; for my purpose holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
Of all the western stars, until I die.
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down;
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles134,
And see the great Achilles whom we knew;” etc.
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1
binding
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| 有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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covert
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| adj.隐藏的；暗地里的 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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wayfarers
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| n.旅人，（尤指）徒步旅行者( wayfarer的名词复数 ) | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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velocity
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| n.速度，速率 | |
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endued
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| v.授予，赋予（特性、才能等）( endue的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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alluding
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| 提及，暗指( allude的现在分词 ) | |
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assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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grooms
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| n.新郎( groom的名词复数 )；马夫v.照料或梳洗（马等）( groom的第三人称单数 )；使做好准备；训练；（给动物）擦洗 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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wagon
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| n.四轮马车，手推车，面包车；无盖运货列车 | |
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ply
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| v.(搬运工等)等候顾客，弯曲 | |
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plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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lash
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| v.系牢；鞭打；猛烈抨击；n.鞭打；眼睫毛 | |
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virgins
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| 处女，童男( virgin的名词复数 )； 童贞玛利亚（耶稣之母） | |
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mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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alacrity
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| n.敏捷，轻快，乐意 | |
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27
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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28
muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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29
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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mariner
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| n.水手号不载人航天探测器，海员，航海者 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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34
maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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thicket
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| n.灌木丛，树林 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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besought
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| v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的过去式和过去分词 )；(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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courteously
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| adv.有礼貌地，亲切地 | |
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promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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chiding
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| v.责骂，责备( chide的现在分词 ) | |
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dilated
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| adj.加宽的，扩大的v.（使某物）扩大，膨胀，张大( dilate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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49
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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50
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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51
scrupled
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| v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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52
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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53
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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54
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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55
pitcher
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| n.(有嘴和柄的)大水罐；(棒球)投手 | |
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56
accosted
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| v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 )；跟…搭讪；（乞丐等）上前向…乞讨；（妓女等）勾搭 | |
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57
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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58
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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59
forum
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| n.论坛，讨论会 | |
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60
splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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61
brazen
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| adj.厚脸皮的，无耻的，坚硬的 | |
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62
ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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63
fig
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| n.无花果(树) | |
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64
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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65
mantles
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| vt.&vi.覆盖（mantle的第三人称单数形式） | |
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66
texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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67
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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68
loom
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| n.织布机，织机；v.隐现，(危险、忧虑等)迫近 | |
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69
mariners
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| 海员，水手（mariner的复数形式） | |
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70
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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71
prolific
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| adj.丰富的，大量的；多产的，富有创造力的 | |
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72
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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73
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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74
implored
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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75
suppliant
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| adj.哀恳的；n.恳求者，哀求者 | |
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76
suppliants
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| n.恳求者，哀求者( suppliant的名词复数 ) | |
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77
hearth
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| n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面 | |
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78
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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79
aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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80
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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82
bounteous
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| adj.丰富的 | |
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83
proficiency
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| n.精通，熟练，精练 | |
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84
arena
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| n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台 | |
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85
taunted
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| 嘲讽( taunt的过去式和过去分词 )； 嘲弄； 辱骂； 奚落 | |
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86
herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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87
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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88
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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89
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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90
strand
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| vt.使（船）搁浅，使（某人）困于（某地） | |
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91
Neptune
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| n.海王星 | |
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92
displeased
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| a.不快的 | |
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93
anticipation
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| n.预期，预料，期望 | |
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94
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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95
grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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96
elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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97
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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98
justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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99
luncheon
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| n.午宴，午餐，便宴 | |
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100
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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101
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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102
garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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103
privately
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| adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地 | |
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104
intercept
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| vt.拦截，截住，截击 | |
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105
penury
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| n.贫穷，拮据 | |
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106
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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107
lamentation
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| n.悲叹，哀悼 | |
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108
murmurs
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| n.低沉、连续而不清的声音( murmur的名词复数 )；低语声；怨言；嘀咕 | |
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109
outrages
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| 引起…的义愤，激怒( outrage的第三人称单数 ) | |
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110
mingle
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| vt.使混合，使相混；vi.混合起来；相交往 | |
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111
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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112
mortified
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| v.使受辱( mortify的过去式和过去分词 )；伤害（人的感情）；克制；抑制（肉体、情感等） | |
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113
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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114
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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115
insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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116
remonstrated
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| v.抗议( remonstrate的过去式和过去分词 )；告诫 | |
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117
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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118
pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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119
armory
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| n.纹章，兵工厂，军械库 | |
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120
improper
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| adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的 | |
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121
jeers
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| n.操纵帆桁下部（使其上下的）索具；嘲讽( jeer的名词复数 )v.嘲笑( jeer的第三人称单数 ) | |
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122
humbly
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| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
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123
hooted
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| （使）作汽笛声响，作汽车喇叭声( hoot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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124
notch
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| n.(V字形)槽口，缺口，等级 | |
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125
insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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126
follower
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| n.跟随者；随员；门徒；信徒 | |
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127
amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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128
uncertainty
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| n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物 | |
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129
squandered
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| v.（指钱，财产等）浪费，乱花( squander的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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130
persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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131
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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132
smite
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| v.重击；彻底击败；n.打；尝试；一点儿 | |
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133
furrows
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| n.犁沟( furrow的名词复数 )；（脸上的）皱纹v.犁田，开沟( furrow的第三人称单数 ) | |
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134
isles
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| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
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