RETURN OF ULYSSES
The romantic poem of the Odyssey1 is now to engage our attention. It narrates2 the wanderings of Ulysses (Odysseus in the Greek language) in his return from Troy to his own kingdom Ithaca.
From Troy the vessels4 first made land at Ismarus, city of the Ciconians, where, in a skirmish with the inhabitants, Ulysses lost six men from each ship. Sailing thence, they were overtaken by a storm which drove them for nine days along the sea till they reached the country of the Lotus-eaters. Here, after watering, Ulysses sent three of his men to discover who the inhabitants were. These men on coming among the Lotus-eaters were kindly6 entertained by them, and were given some of their own food, the lotus plant, to eat. The effect of this food was such that those who partook of it lost all thoughts of home and wished to remain in that country. It was by main force that Ulysses dragged these men away, and he was even obliged to tie them under the benches of the ships.[25]
They next arrived at the country of the Cyclopes. The Cyclopes were giants, who inhabited an island of which they were the only possessors. The name means “round eye,” and these giants were so called because they had but one eye, and that placed in the middle of the forehead. They dwelt in caves and fed on the wild productions of the island and on what their flocks yielded, for they were shepherds. Ulysses left the main body of his ships at anchor, and with one vessel3 went to the Cyclopes’ island to explore for supplies. He landed with his companions, carrying with them a jar of wine for a present, and coming to a large cave they entered it, and finding no one within examined its contents. They found it stored with the richest of the flock, quantities of cheese, pails and bowls of milk, lambs and kids in their pens, all in nice order. Presently arrived the master of the cave, Polyphemus, bearing an immense bundle of firewood, which he threw down before the cavern8’s mouth. He then drove into the cave the sheep and goats to be milked, and, entering, rolled to the cave’s mouth an enormous rock, that twenty oxen could not draw. Next he sat down and milked his ewes, preparing a part for cheese, and setting the rest aside for his customary drink. Then, turning round his great eye, he discerned the strangers, and growled9 out to them, demanding who they were, and where from. Ulysses replied most humbly11, stating that they were Greeks, from the great expedition that had lately won so much glory in the conquest of Troy; that they were now on their way home, and finished by imploring12 his hospitality in the name of the gods. Polyphemus deigned13 no answer, but reaching out his hand seized two of the Greeks, whom he hurled14 against the side of the cave, and dashed out their brains. He proceeded to devour15 them with great relish16, and having made a hearty17 meal, stretched himself out on the floor to sleep. Ulysses was tempted18 to seize the opportunity and plunge19 his sword into him as he slept, but recollected20 that it would only expose them all to certain destruction, as the rock with which the giant had closed up the door was far beyond their power to remove, and they would therefore be in hopeless imprisonment21. Next morning the giant seized two more of the Greeks, and despatched them in the same manner as their companions, feasting on their flesh till no fragment was left. He then moved away the rock from the door, drove out his flocks, and went out, carefully replacing the barrier after him. When he was gone Ulysses planned how he might take vengeance22 for his murdered friends, and effect his escape with his surviving companions. He made his men prepare a massive bar of wood cut by the Cyclops for a staff, which they found in the cave. They sharpened the end of it, and seasoned it in the fire, and hid it under the straw on the cavern floor. Then four of the boldest were selected, with whom Ulysses joined himself as a fifth. The Cyclops came home at evening, rolled away the stone and drove in his flock as usual. After milking them and making his arrangements as before, he seized two more of Ulysses’ companions and dashed their brains out, and made his evening meal upon them as he had on the others. After he had supped, Ulysses approaching him handed him a bowl of wine, saying, “Cyclops, this is wine; taste and drink after thy meal of men’s flesh.” He took and drank it, and was hugely delighted with it, and called for more. Ulysses supplied him once again, which pleased the giant so much that he promised him as a favor that he should be the last of the party devoured23. He asked his name, to which Ulysses replied, “My name is Noman.”
After his supper the giant lay down to repose24, and was soon sound asleep. Then Ulysses with his four select friends thrust the end of the stake into the fire till it was all one burning coal, then poising25 it exactly above the giant’s only eye, they buried it deeply into the socket27, twirling it round as a carpenter does his auger28. The howling monster with his outcry filled the cavern, and Ulysses with his aids nimbly got out of his way and concealed29 themselves in the cave. He, bellowing30, called aloud on all the Cyclopes dwelling31 in the caves around him, far and near. They on his cry flocked round the den32, and inquired what grievous hurt had caused him to sound such an alarm and break their slumbers33. He replied, “O friends, I die, and Noman gives the blow.” They answered, “If no man hurts thee it is the stroke of Jove, and thou must bear it.” So saying, they left him groaning34.
Next morning the Cyclops rolled away the stone to let his flock out to pasture, but planted himself in the door of the cave to feel of all as they went out, that Ulysses and his men should not escape with them. But Ulysses had made his men harness the rams35 of the flock three abreast37, with osiers which they found on the floor of the cave. To the middle ram36 of the three one of the Greeks suspended himself, so protected by the exterior38 rams on either side. As they passed, the giant felt of the animals’ backs and sides, but never thought of their bellies39; so the men all passed safe, Ulysses himself being on the last one that passed. When they had got a few paces from the cavern, Ulysses and his friends released themselves from their rams, and drove a good part of the flock down to the shore to their boat. They put them aboard with all haste, then pushed off from the shore, and when at a safe distance Ulysses shouted out, “Cyclops, the gods have well requited40 thee for thy atrocious deeds. Know it is Ulysses to whom thou owest thy shameful41 loss of sight.” The Cyclops, hearing this, seized a rock that projected from the side of the mountain, and rending43 it from its bed, he lifted it high in the air, then exerting all his force, hurled it in the direction of the voice. Down came the mass, just clearing the vessel’s stern. The ocean, at the plunge of the huge rock, heaved the ship towards the land, so that it barely escaped being swamped by the waves. When they had with the utmost difficulty pulled off shore, Ulysses was about to hail the giant again, but his friends besought44 him not to do so. He could not forbear, however, letting the giant know that they had escaped his missile, but waited till they had reached a safer distance than before. The giant answered them with curses, but Ulysses and his friends plied10 their oars45 vigorously, and soon regained46 their companions.
Ulysses next arrived at the island of ?olus. To this monarch47 Jupiter had intrusted the government of the winds, to send them forth48 or retain them at his will. He treated Ulysses hospitably49, and at his departure gave him, tied up in a leathern bag, with a silver string, such winds as might be hurtful and dangerous, commanding fair winds to blow the barks towards their country. Nine days they sped before the wind, and all that time Ulysses had stood at the helm, without sleep. At last quite exhausted50 he lay down to sleep. While he slept, the crew conferred together about the mysterious bag, and concluded it must contain treasures given by the hospitable51 king ?olus to their commander. Tempted to secure some portion for themselves, they loosed the string, when immediately the winds rushed forth. The ships were driven far from their course, and back again to the island they had just left. ?olus was so indignant at their folly52 that he refused to assist them further, and they were obliged to labor53 over their course once more by means of their oars.
THE L?STRYGONIANS
Their next adventure was with the barbarous tribe of L?strygonians. The vessels all pushed into the harbor, tempted by the secure appearance of the cove5, completely land-locked; only Ulysses moored54 his vessel without. As soon as the L?strygonians found the ships completely in their power they attacked them, heaving huge stones which broke and overturned them, and with their spears despatched the seamen55 as they struggled in the water. All the vessels with their crews were destroyed, except Ulysses’ own ship, which had remained outside, and finding no safety but in flight, he exhorted56 his men to ply26 their oars vigorously, and they escaped.
With grief for their slain57 companions mixed with joy at their own escape, they pursued their way till they arrived at the an isle58, where Circe dwelt, the daughter of the sun. Landing here, Ulysses climbed a hill, and gazing round saw no signs of habitation except in one spot at the centre of the island, where he perceived a palace embowered with trees. He sent forward one-half of his crew, under the command of Eurylochus, to see what prospect59 of hospitality they might find. As they approached the palace, they found themselves surrounded by lions, tigers, and wolves, not fierce, but tamed by Circe’s art, for she was a powerful magician. All these animals had once been men, but had been changed by Circe’s enchantments60 into the forms of beasts. The sounds of soft music were heard from within, and a sweet female voice singing. Eurylochus called aloud and the goddess came forth and invited them in; they all gladly entered except Eurylochus, who suspected danger. The goddess conducted her guests to a seat, and had them served with wine and other delicacies61. When they had feasted heartily62, she touched them one by one with her wand, and they became immediately changed into swine, in “head, body, voice, and bristles,” yet with their intellects as before. She shut them in her sties and supplied them with acorns63 and such other things as swine love.
Eurylochus hurried back to the ship and told the tale. Ulysses thereupon determined64 to go himself, and try if by any means he might deliver his companions. As he strode onward65 alone, he met a youth who addressed him familiarly, appearing to be acquainted with his adventures. He announced himself as Mercury, and informed Ulysses of the arts of Circe, and of the danger of approaching her. As Ulysses was not to be dissuaded67 from his attempt, Mercury provided him with a sprig of the plant Moly, of wonderful power to resist sorceries, and instructed him how to act. Ulysses proceeded, and reaching the palace was courteously68 received by Circe, who entertained him as she had done his companions, and after he had eaten and drank, touched him with her wand, saying, “Hence, seek the sty and wallow with thy friends.” But he, instead of obeying, drew his sword and rushed upon her with fury in his countenance69. She fell on her knees and begged for mercy. He dictated70 a solemn oath that she would release his companions and practise no further harm against him or them; and she repeated it, at the same time promising71 to dismiss them all in safety after hospitably entertaining them. She was as good as her word. The men were restored to their shapes, the rest of the crew summoned from the shore, and the whole magnificently entertained day after day, till Ulysses seemed to have forgotten his native land, and to have reconciled himself to an inglorious life of ease and pleasure.
At length his companions recalled him to nobler sentiments, and he received their admonition gratefully. Circe aided their departure, and instructed them how to pass safely by the coast of the Sirens. The Sirens were sea-nymphs who had the power of charming by their song all who heard them, so that the unhappy mariners72 were irresistibly73 impelled74 to cast themselves into the sea to their destruction. Circe directed Ulysses to fill the ears of his seamen with wax, so that they should not hear the strain; and to cause himself to be bound to the mast, and his people to be strictly75 enjoined76, whatever he might say or do, by no means to release him till they should have passed the Sirens’ island. Ulysses obeyed these directions. He filled the ears of his people with wax, and suffered them to bind77 him with cords firmly to the mast. As they approached the Sirens’ island, the sea was calm, and over the waters came the notes of music so ravishing and attractive that Ulysses struggled to get loose, and by cries and signs to his people begged to be released; but they, obedient to his previous orders, sprang forward and bound him still faster. They held on their course, and the music grew fainter till it ceased to be heard, when with joy Ulysses gave his companions the signal to unseal their ears, and they relieved him from his bonds.
The imagination of a modern poet, Keats, has discovered for us the thoughts that passed through the brains of the victims of Circe, after their transformation78. In his “Endymion” he represents one of them, a monarch in the guise79 of an elephant, addressing the sorceress in human language, thus:
“I sue not for my happy crown again;
I sue not for my phalanx on the plain;
I sue not for my lone66, my widowed wife;
I sue not for my ruddy drops of life,
My children fair, my lovely girls and boys;
I will forget them; I will pass these joys,
Ask nought80 so heavenward; so too—too high;
Only I pray, as fairest boon81, to die;
To be delivered from this cumbrous flesh,
From this gross, detestable, filthy82 mesh83,
And merely given to the cold, bleak84 air.
Have mercy, goddess! Circe, feel my prayer!”
SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS
Ulysses had been warned by Circe of the two monsters Scylla and Charybdis. We have already met with Scylla in the story of Glaucus, and remember that she was once a beautiful maiden85 and was changed into a snaky monster by Circe. She dwelt in a cave high up on the cliff, from whence she was accustomed to thrust forth her long necks (for she had six heads), and in each of her mouths to seize one of the crew of every vessel passing within reach. The other terror, Charybdis, was a gulf86, nearly on a level with the water. Thrice each day the water rushed into a frightful87 chasm88, and thrice was disgorged. Any vessel coming near the whirlpool when the tide was rushing in must inevitably89 be ingulfed; not Neptune90 himself could save it.
On approaching the haunt of the dread91 monsters, Ulysses kept strict watch to discover them. The roar of the waters as Charybdis ingulfed them, gave warning at a distance, but Scylla could nowhere be discerned. While Ulysses and his men watched with anxious eyes the dreadful whirlpool, they were not equally on their guard from the attack of Scylla, and the monster, darting92 forth her snaky heads, caught six of his men, and bore them away, shrieking93, to her den. It was the saddest sight Ulysses had yet seen; to behold94 his friends thus sacrificed and hear their cries, unable to afford them any assistance.
Circe had warned him of another danger. After passing Scylla and Charybdis the next land he would make was Thrinakia, an island whereon were pastured the cattle of Hyperion, the Sun, tended by his daughters Lampetia and Pha?thusa. These flocks must not be violated, whatever the wants of the voyagers might be. If this injunction were transgressed95 destruction was sure to fall on the offenders96.
Ulysses would willingly have passed the island of the Sun without stopping, but his companions so urgently pleaded for the rest and refreshment97 that would be derived98 from anchoring and passing the night on shore, that Ulysses yielded. He bound them, however, with an oath that they would not touch one of the animals of the sacred flocks and herds7, but content themselves with what provision they yet had left of the supply which Circe had put on board. So long as this supply lasted the people kept their oath, but contrary winds detained them at the island for a month, and after consuming all their stock of provisions, they were forced to rely upon the birds and fishes they could catch. Famine pressed them, and at length one day, in the absence of Ulysses, they slew99 some of the cattle, vainly attempting to make amends100 for the deed by offering from them a portion to the offended powers. Ulysses, on his return to the shore, was horror-struck at perceiving what they had done, and the more so on account of the portentous101 signs which followed. The skins crept on the ground, and the joints102 of meat lowed on the spits while roasting.
The wind becoming fair they sailed from the island. They had not gone far when the weather changed, and a storm of thunder and lightning ensued. A stroke of lightning shattered their mast, which in its fall killed the pilot. At last the vessel itself came to pieces. The keel and mast floating side by side, Ulysses formed of them a raft, to which he clung, and, the wind changing, the waves bore him to Calypso’s island. All the rest of the crew perished.
The following allusion103 to the topics we have just been considering is from Milton’s “Comus,” line 252:
“. . . I have often heard
My mother Circe and the Sirens three,
Amidst the flowery-kirtled Naiades,
Culling104 their potent105 herbs and baneful106 drugs,
Who as they sung would take the prisoned soul
And lap it in Elysium. Scylla wept,
And chid107 her barking waves into attention,
And fell Charybdis murmured soft applause.”
Scylla and Charybdis have become proverbial, to denote opposite dangers which beset108 one’s course. See Proverbial Expressions.
CALYPSO
Calypso was a sea-nymph, which name denotes a numerous class of female divinities of lower rank, yet sharing many of the attributes of the gods. Calypso received Ulysses hospitably, entertained him magnificently, became enamoured of him, and wished to retain him forever, conferring on him immortality109. But he persisted in his resolution to return to his country and his wife and son. Calypso at last received the command of Jove to dismiss him. Mercury brought the message to her, and found her in her grotto110, which is thus described by Homer:
“A garden vine, luxuriant on all sides,
Mantled111 the spacious112 cavern, cluster-hung
Profuse113; four fountains of serenest114 lymph,
Their sinuous115 course pursuing side by side,
Strayed all around, and everywhere appeared
Meadows of softest verdure, purpled o’er
With violets; it was a scene to fill
A god from heaven with wonder and delight.”
Calypso with much reluctance116 proceeded to obey the commands of Jupiter. She supplied Ulysses with the means of constructing a raft, provisioned it well for him, and gave him a favoring gale117. He sped on his course prosperously for many days, till at length, when in sight of land, a storm arose that broke his mast, and threatened to rend42 the raft asunder118. In this crisis he was seen by a compassionate119 sea-nymph, who in the form of a cormorant120 alighted on the raft, and presented him a girdle, directing him to bind it beneath his breast, and if he should be compelled to trust himself to the waves, it would buoy121 him up and enable him by swimming to reach the land.
Fenelon, in his romance of “Telemachus,” has given us the adventures of the son of Ulysses in search of his father. Among other places at which he arrived, following on his father’s footsteps, was Calypso’s isle, and, as in the former case, the goddess tried every art to keep him with her, and offered to share her immortality with him. But Minerva, who in the shape of Mentor122 accompanied him and governed all his movements, made him repel123 her allurements124, and when no other means of escape could be found, the two friends leaped from a cliff into the sea, and swam to a vessel which lay becalmed off shore. Byron alludes125 to this leap of Telemachus and Mentor in the following stanza126:
“But not in silence pass Calypso’s isles127,
The sister tenants128 of the middle deep;
There for the weary still a haven129 smiles,
Though the fair goddess long has ceased to weep,
And o’er her cliffs a fruitless watch to keep
For him who dared prefer a mortal bride.
Here too his boy essayed the dreadful leap,
Stern Mentor urged from high to yonder tide;
While thus of both bereft130 the nymph-queen doubly sighed.”
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1
odyssey
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| n.长途冒险旅行；一连串的冒险 | |
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narrates
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| v.故事( narrate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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cove
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| n.小海湾，小峡谷 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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cavern
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| n.洞穴，大山洞 | |
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growled
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| v.（动物）发狺狺声， （雷）作隆隆声( growl的过去式和过去分词 )；低声咆哮着说 | |
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plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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humbly
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| adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地 | |
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imploring
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| 恳求的，哀求的 | |
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deigned
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| v.屈尊，俯就( deign的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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plunge
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| v.跳入，(使)投入，(使)陷入；猛冲 | |
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recollected
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| adj.冷静的；镇定的；被回忆起的；沉思默想的v.记起，想起( recollect的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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poising
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| 使平衡( poise的现在分词 )； 保持（某种姿势）； 抓紧； 使稳定 | |
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ply
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| v.(搬运工等)等候顾客，弯曲 | |
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socket
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| n.窝，穴，孔，插座，插口 | |
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auger
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| n.螺丝钻，钻孔机 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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bellowing
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| v.发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的现在分词 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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slumbers
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| 睡眠，安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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groaning
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| adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式 | |
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rams
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| n.公羊( ram的名词复数 )；(R-)白羊（星）座；夯；攻城槌v.夯实（土等）( ram的第三人称单数 )；猛撞；猛压；反复灌输 | |
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ram
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| (random access memory)随机存取存储器 | |
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abreast
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| adv.并排地；跟上(时代)的步伐，与…并进地 | |
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exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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bellies
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| n.肚子( belly的名词复数 )；腹部；（物体的）圆形或凸起部份；腹部…形的 | |
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requited
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| v.报答( requite的过去式和过去分词 )；酬谢；回报；报复 | |
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shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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rend
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| vt.把…撕开，割裂；把…揪下来，强行夺取 | |
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rending
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| v.撕碎( rend的现在分词 )；分裂；（因愤怒、痛苦等而）揪扯（衣服或头发等）；（声音等）刺破 | |
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besought
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| v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的过去式和过去分词 )；(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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45
oars
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| n.桨，橹( oar的名词复数 )；划手v.划（行）( oar的第三人称单数 ) | |
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46
regained
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| 复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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47
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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48
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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49
hospitably
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| 亲切地，招待周到地，善于款待地 | |
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50
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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51
hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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52
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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53
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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54
moored
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| adj. 系泊的 动词moor的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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55
seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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56
exhorted
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| v.劝告，劝说( exhort的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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57
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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58
isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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59
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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60
enchantments
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| n.魅力( enchantment的名词复数 )；迷人之处；施魔法；着魔 | |
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61
delicacies
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| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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62
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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63
acorns
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| n.橡子，栎实( acorn的名词复数 ) | |
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64
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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65
onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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66
lone
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| adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的 | |
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67
dissuaded
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| 劝（某人）勿做某事，劝阻( dissuade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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68
courteously
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| adv.有礼貌地，亲切地 | |
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69
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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70
dictated
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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71
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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72
mariners
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| 海员，水手（mariner的复数形式） | |
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irresistibly
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| adv.无法抵抗地，不能自持地；极为诱惑人地 | |
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impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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76
enjoined
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| v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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77
bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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78
transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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79
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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80
nought
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| n.／adj.无，零 | |
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81
boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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82
filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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83
mesh
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| n.网孔，网丝，陷阱；vt.以网捕捉，啮合，匹配；vi.适合； [计算机]网络 | |
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84
bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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88
chasm
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| n.深坑，断层，裂口，大分岐，利害冲突 | |
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inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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90
Neptune
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| n.海王星 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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darting
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的现在分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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93
shrieking
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| v.尖叫( shriek的现在分词 ) | |
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94
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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transgressed
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| v.超越( transgress的过去式和过去分词 )；越过；违反；违背 | |
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offenders
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| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） | |
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refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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98
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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99
slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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100
amends
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| n. 赔偿 | |
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101
portentous
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| adj.不祥的，可怕的，装腔作势的 | |
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102
joints
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| 接头( joint的名词复数 )； 关节； 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所） （非正式）； 一块烤肉 （英式英语） | |
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103
allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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104
culling
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| n.选择，大批物品中剔出劣质货v.挑选，剔除( cull的现在分词 ) | |
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potent
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| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
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106
baneful
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| adj.有害的 | |
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107
chid
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| v.责骂，责备( chide的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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108
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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109
immortality
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| n.不死，不朽 | |
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110
grotto
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| n.洞穴 | |
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111
mantled
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| 披着斗篷的，覆盖着的 | |
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112
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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113
profuse
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| adj.很多的，大量的，极其丰富的 | |
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114
serenest
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| serene（沉静的，宁静的，安宁的）的最高级形式 | |
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115
sinuous
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| adj.蜿蜒的，迂回的 | |
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116
reluctance
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| n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿 | |
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117
gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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118
asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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119
compassionate
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| adj.有同情心的，表示同情的 | |
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120
cormorant
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| n.鸬鹚，贪婪的人 | |
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121
buoy
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| n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励 | |
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122
mentor
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| n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导 | |
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123
repel
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| v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 | |
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124
allurements
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| n.诱惑( allurement的名词复数 )；吸引；诱惑物；有诱惑力的事物 | |
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125
alludes
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| 提及，暗指( allude的第三人称单数 ) | |
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126
stanza
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| n.（诗）节，段 | |
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127
isles
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| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
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128
tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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129
haven
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| n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所 | |
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130
bereft
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| adj.被剥夺的 | |
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