On the morning of the second day after the events which I have described in the last chapter, our three travellers arrived at one of the solitary1 outposts belonging to the fur-traders. It stood on the banks of the river, and consisted of four small houses made of logs. It covered about an acre of ground, and its only defence was a wall of wooden posts, about two inches apart, which completely surrounded the buildings.
“This fort is a namesake of mine,” said Jasper, when they first sighted it; “they call it Jasper’s House. I spent a day at it when I was hereaway two years ago.”
“Who is in charge of it?” asked Heywood.
“A gentleman named Grant, I believe,” replied Jasper. “That white painted house in the middle of the square is his. The other house on the right, painted yellow, is where the men live. Mr Grant has only got six men, poor fellow, to keep him company; he seldom sees a new face here from one end of the year to the other. But he makes a trip once a year to the head post of the district with his furs, and that’s a sort of break to him.”
“Are there no women at the place?” inquired the artist.
“Only two,” replied Jasper. “At least there were two when I was here last; they were the wives of two of the men, Indian women they were, with few brains, and little or nothin’ to say; but they were useful critters for all that, for they could make coats, and trousers, and moccasins, and mittens2, and they were first-rate cooks, besides bein’ handy at almost every kind o’ work. They could even use the gun. I’ve heard o’ them bringin’ down a wild goose on the wing, when none o’ the men were at hand to let drive at the passing flock. I do believe that’s Mr Grant himself standin’ at the gate o’ the fort.”
Jasper was right. The master of Jasper’s House, a big, hearty-looking man of about five-and-forty, was standing3 at the gate of his lonely residence, leaning against one of the door-posts, with his hands in his breeches pockets and a short pipe in his mouth. His summer employments had come to an end,—no Indians had been near the place for many weeks, and he happened to have nothing at that time to do but eat, smoke, and sleep; which three occupations he usually attended to with much earnestness. Mr Grant did not observe the canoe approaching from below, for at that time his attention was attracted to something up the river. Suddenly he started, took his pipe from his lips, and, bending forward, listened with deep, earnest attention. A faint murmur4 came floating down on the breeze, sending a thrill of pleasure to the heart of the solitary man, as well it might, for a new face was a rare sight at Jasper’s House.
At last a loud shout rang through the forest, and five Indian canoes swept round a point of rocks, and came suddenly into view, the men tossing their paddles in the air and sending rainbows of spray over their heads as they made for the landing-place. These were three or four families of Indians, who had come from a long hunting expedition laden5 with rich furs.
Their canoes, though small and light, could hold a wonderful quantity. In the foremost sat a young savage6, with a dark-brown face, glittering black eyes, and stiff black hair hanging straight down all round his head, except in front, where it was cut short off just above the eyes in order to let his face appear. That fellow’s canoe, besides himself, carried his three wives—he was a good hunter, and could afford to have three. Had he been a bad hunter, he would have had to content himself, poor fellow, with one! The canoe also contained six or seven heavy packs of furs; a haunch of venison; six pairs of rabbits; several ducks and geese; a lump of bear’s meat; two little boys and a girl; a large tent made of deer-skins; four or five tin kettles; two or three dirty-looking dogs and a gun; several hatchets7 and a few blankets; two babies and a dead beaver8.
In short, there was almost no end to what that bark canoe could hold; yet that Indian, with the stiff black hair, could lift it off the ground, when empty, lay it on his shoulders, and carry it for miles through the forest. The other canoes were much the same as this one.
In a few minutes they were at the bank, close under the fort, and about the same time Jasper and his friends leaped ashore9, and were heartily10 welcomed by Mr Grant, who was glad enough to see Indians, but was overjoyed to meet with white men.
“Glad to see you, Jasper,” cried Mr Grant, shaking the hunter by the hand; “right glad to see you. It does good to a man to see an old friend like you turn up so unexpectedly. Happy, also, to meet with you, Mr Heywood. It’s a pleasure I don’t often have, to meet with a white stranger in this wilderness11. Pray, come with me to the house.”
The fur-trader turned to the Indians, and, saying a few words to them in their own language, led the way to his residence.
Meanwhile, the Indians had tossed everything out of the canoes upon the bank, and the spot which had been so quiet and solitary half an hour before, became a scene of the utmost animation12 and confusion. While the women were employed in erecting13 the tents, the men strode up to the hall of reception, where Mr Grant supplied them with tobacco and food to their hearts’ content.
These natives, who, owing to the reddish copper-colour of their skins, are called red-men,—were dressed chiefly in clothes made of deer-skin; cut much in the same fashion as the garments worn by Jasper Derry. The women wore short gowns, also made of leather, and leggings of the same material; but it was noticeable that the women had leggings more ornamented14 with gay beads15 than those of the men, and they wore gaudy16 kerchiefs round their necks.
These women were poor looking creatures, however. They had a subdued17, humble18 look, like dogs that are used to being kicked; very different from the bold free bearing of the men. The reason of this was, that they were treated by the men more as beasts of burden than companions. Women among the North American Indians have a hard time of it, poor creatures. While their lords and masters are out at the chase, or idly smoking round the fire, the Indian women are employed in cutting firewood and drawing water. Of course, they do all the cooking, and, as the eating always continues, so the cooking never stops. When these more severe labours are over, they employ their time in making and ornamenting19 coats, leggings, and moccasins—and very beautiful work they can turn out of their hands. On the voyage, the women use the paddle as well as the men, and, in journeying through the woods, they always carry or drag the heaviest loads. For all this they get few thanks, and often when the husbands become jealous, they get severely20 beaten and kicked.
It is always thus among savages21; and it would seem that, just in proportion as men rise from the savage to the civilised state, they treat their women better. It is certain that when man embraces the blessed gospel of Christ and learns to follow the law of love, he places woman not only on a level with himself, but even above himself, and seeks her comfort and happiness before he seeks his own.
Few of the Red-men of North America are yet Christians22, therefore they have no gallantry about them—no generous and chivalrous23 feelings towards the weaker sex. Most of their women are downtrodden and degraded.
The first night at Jasper’s House was spent in smoking and talking. Here our friend Jasper Derry got news of Marie. To his immense delight he learned that she was well, and living with her father at Fort Erie, near the plains, or prairies as they are called, on the Saskatchewan River. A long journey still lay before our bold hunter, but that was nothing to him. He felt quite satisfied to hear that the girl of his heart was well, and still unmarried.
Next day the serious business of trading commenced at the outpost.
“I should like to get that powder and ball before you begin to trade with the Indians, Mr Grant,” said Jasper, after breakfast was concluded, “I’m anxious to be off as soon as possible.”
“No, no, Jasper, I’ll not give you a single charge of powder or an ounce of lead this day. You must spend another night with me, my man; I have not had half my talk out with you. You have no need to hurry, for Marie does not know you are coming, so of course she can’t be impatient.”
Mr Grant said this with a laugh, for he knew the state of Jasper’s heart, and understood why he was so anxious to hasten away.
“Besides,” continued the fur-trader, “Mr Heywood has not half finished the drawing of my fort, which he began yesterday, and I want him to make me a copy of it.”
“I shall be delighted to do so,” said the artist, who was busily engaged in arranging his brushes and colours.
“Well, well,” cried Jasper. “I suppose I must submit. I fancy you have no objection to stop here another day, Arrowhead?”
“That’s settled, then,” said Jasper, “so I’ll go with you to the store, if you’ll allow me.”
“With all my heart,” replied the fur-trader, who forthwith led the way to the store, followed by the Indians with their packs of furs.
Now, the store or shop at a Hudson’s Bay trading-post is a most interesting and curious place. To the Indian, especially, it is a sort of enchanted25 chamber26, out of which can be obtained everything known under the sun. As there can be only one shop or store at a trading-post, it follows that that shop must contain a few articles out of almost every other style of shop in the world. Accordingly, you will find collected within the four walls of that little room, knives and guns from Sheffield, cotton webs from Manchester, grindstones from Newcastle, tobacco from Virginia, and every sort of thing from I know not where all! You can buy a blanket or a file, an axe27 or a pair of trousers, a pound of sugar or a barrel of nails, a roll of tobacco or a tin kettle,—everything, in short, that a man can think of or desire. And you can buy it, too, without money! Indeed, you must buy it without money, for there is not such a thing as money in the land.
The trade is carried on entirely28 by barter29, or exchange. The Indian gives the trader his furs, and the trader gives him his goods. In order to make the exchange fair and equitable30, however, everything is rated by a certain standard of value, which is called a made-beaver in one part of the country, a castore in another.
The first man that stepped forward to the counter was a chief. A big, coarse-looking, disagreeable man, but a first-rate hunter. He had two wives in consequence of his abilities, and the favourite wife now stood at his elbow to prompt, perhaps to caution, him. He threw down a huge pack of furs, which the trader opened, and examined with care, fixing the price of each skin, and marking it down with a piece of chalk on the counter as he went along.
There were two splendid black bear-skins, two or three dozen martens, or sables31, five or six black foxes, and a great many silver foxes, besides cross and red ones. In addition to these, he had a number of minks32 and beaver-skins, a few otters33, and sundry34 other furs, besides a few buffalo35 and deer-skins, dressed, and with the hair scraped off. These last skins are used for making winter coats, and also moccasins for the feet.
After all had been examined and valued, the whole was summed up, and a number of pieces of stick were handed to the chief—each stick representing a castore; so that he knew exactly how much he was worth, and proceeded to choose accordingly.
First he gazed earnestly at a huge thick blanket, then he counted his sticks, and considered. Perhaps the memory of the cold blasts of winter crossed his mind, for he quickly asked how many castores it was worth. The trader told him. The proper number of pieces of stick were laid down, and the blanket was handed over. Next a gun attracted his eye. The guns sent out for the Indian trade are very cheap ones, with blue barrels and red stocks. They shoot pretty well, but are rather apt to burst. Indeed this fate had befallen the chief’s last gun, so he resolved to have another, and bought it. Then he looked earnestly for some time at a tin kettle. Boiled meat was evidently in his mind; but at this point his squaw plucked him by the sleeve. She whispered in his ear. A touch of generosity36 seemed to come over him, for he pointed37 to a web of bright scarlet38 cloth. A yard of this was measured off, and handed to his spouse39, whose happiness for the moment was complete—for squaws in Rupert’s Land, like the fair sex in England, are uncommonly40 fond of finery.
As the chief proceeded, he became more cautious and slow in his choice. Finery tempted41 him on the one hand, necessaries pressed him on the other, and at this point the trader stepped in to help him to decide; he recommended, warned, and advised. Twine42 was to be got for nets and fishing-lines, powder and shot, axes for cutting his winter firewood, cloth for his own and his wife’s leggings, knives, tobacco, needles, and an endless variety of things, which gradually lessened43 his little pile of sticks, until at last he reached the sticking point, when all his sticks were gone.
“Now, Darkeye,” (that was the chief’s name), “you’ve come to the end at last, and a good thing you have made of it this year,” said Mr Grant, in the Indian language. “Have you got all you want?”
“Darkeye wants bullets,” said the chief.
“Ah, to be sure. You shall have a lot of these for nothing, and some tobacco too,” said the trader, handing the gifts to the Indian.
A look of satisfaction lighted up the chief’s countenance44 as he received the gifts, and made way for another Indian to open and display his pack of furs. But Jasper was struck by a peculiar45 expression in the face of Darkeye. Observing that he took up one of the bullets and showed it to another savage, our hunter edged near him to overhear the conversation.
“Do you see that ball?” said the chief, in a low tone.
“Look here!”
Darkeye put the bullet into his mouth as he spoke, and bit it until his strong sharp teeth sank deep into the lead; then, holding it up, he said, in the same low voice, “You will know it again?”
Just then Mr Grant called out, “Come here, Jasper, tell me what you think this otter-skin is worth.”
Jasper’s curiosity had been aroused by the mysterious conduct of Darkeye, and he would have given a good deal to have heard a little more of his conversation; but, being thus called away, he was obliged to leave his place, and soon forgot the incident.
During the whole of that day the trading of furs was carried on much as I have now described it. Some of the Indians had large packs, and some had small, but all of them had sufficient to purchase such things as were necessary for themselves and their families during the approaching winter; and as each man received from Mr Grant a present of tobacco, besides a few trinkets of small value, they returned to the Hall that night in high good humour.
Next day, Jasper and his friends bade the hospitable48 trader farewell, and a few days after that the Indians left him. They smoked a farewell pipe, then struck their tents, and placed them and their packs of goods in the canoes, with their wives, children, and dogs. Pushing out into the stream, they commenced the return journey to their distant hunting-grounds. Once more their shouts rang through the forest, and rolled over the water, and once more the paddles sent the sparkling drops into the air as they dashed ahead, round the point of rocks above the fort, and disappeared; leaving the fur-trader, as they found him, smoking his pipe, with his hands in his pockets, and leaning against the door-post of his once-again silent and solitary home.
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1
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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mittens
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| 不分指手套 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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6
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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7
hatchets
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| n.短柄小斧( hatchet的名词复数 )；恶毒攻击；诽谤；休战 | |
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beaver
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| n.海狸，河狸 | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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10
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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12
animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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13
erecting
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| v.使直立，竖起( erect的现在分词 )；建立 | |
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14
ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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15
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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16
gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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18
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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ornamenting
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| v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的现在分词 ) | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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21
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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22
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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23
chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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squatted
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的过去式和过去分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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25
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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26
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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27
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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28
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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29
barter
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| n.物物交换，以货易货，实物交易 | |
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30
equitable
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| adj.公平的；公正的 | |
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31
sables
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| n.紫貂( sable的名词复数 )；紫貂皮；阴暗的；暗夜 | |
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minks
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| n.水貂( mink的名词复数 )；水貂皮 | |
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otters
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| n.（水）獭( otter的名词复数 )；獭皮 | |
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sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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35
buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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36
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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37
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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38
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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39
spouse
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| n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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40
uncommonly
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| adv. 稀罕(极，非常) | |
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41
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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42
twine
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| v.搓，织，编饰；（使）缠绕 | |
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43
lessened
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| 减少的，减弱的 | |
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44
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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45
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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46
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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47
malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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48
hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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