It is about thirty years since, or more, that the author met this singular person in the churchyard of Dunnottar, when spending a day or two with the late learned and excellent clergyman, Mr. Walker, the minister of that parish, for the purpose of a close examination of the ruins of the Castle of Dunnottar, and other subjects of antiquarian research in that neighbourhood. Old Mortality chanced to be at the same place, on the usual business of his pilgrimage; for the Castle of Dunnottar, though lying in the anti-covenanting district of the Mearns, was, with the parish churchyard, celebrated7 for the oppressions sustained there by the Cameronians in the time of James II.
It was in 1685, when Argyle was threatening a descent upon Scotland, and Monmouth was preparing to invade the west of England, that the Privy8 Council of Scotland, with cruel precaution, made a general arrest of more than a hundred persons in the southern and western provinces, supposed, from their religious principles, to be inimical to Government, together with many women and children. These captives were driven northward9 like a flock of bullocks, but with less precaution to provide for their wants, and finally penned up in a subterranean10 dungeon11 in the Castle of Dunnottar, having a window opening to the front of a precipice12 which overhangs the German Ocean. They had suffered not a little on the journey, and were much hurt both at the scoffs13 of the northern prelatists, and the mocks, gibes14, and contemptuous tunes15 played by the fiddlers and pipers who had come from every quarter as they passed, to triumph over the revilers of their calling. The repose17 which the melancholy18 dungeon afforded them, was anything but undisturbed. The guards made them pay for every indulgence, even that of water; and when some of the prisoners resisted a demand so unreasonable19, and insisted on their right to have this necessary of life untaxed, their keepers emptied the water on the prison floor, saying, “If they were obliged to bring water for the canting whigs, they were not bound to afford them the use of bowls or pitchers20 gratis21.”
In this prison, which is still termed the Whig’s Vault22, several died of the diseases incidental to such a situation; and others broke their limbs, and incurred23 fatal injury, in desperate attempts to escape from their stern prison-house. Over the graves of these unhappy persons, their friends, after the Revolution, erected24 a monument with a suitable inscription25.
This peculiar26 shrine27 of the Whig martyrs28 is very much honoured by their descendants, though residing at a great distance from the land of their captivity29 and death. My friend, the Rev16. Mr. Walker, told me, that being once upon a tour in the south of Scotland, probably about forty years since, he had the bad luck to involve himself in the labyrinth30 of passages and tracks which cross, in every direction, the extensive waste called Lochar Moss31, near Dumfries, out of which it is scarcely possible for a stranger to extricate32 himself; and there was no small difficulty in procuring33 a guide, since such people as he saw were engaged in digging their peats — a work of paramount34 necessity, which will hardly brook35 interruption. Mr. Walker could, therefore, only procure36 unintelligible37 directions in the southern brogue, which differs widely from that of the Mearns. He was beginning to think himself in a serious dilemma38, when he stated his case to a farmer of rather the better class, who was employed, as the others, in digging his winter fuel. The old man at first made the same excuse with those who had already declined acting39 as the traveller’s guide; but perceiving him in great perplexity, and paying the respect due to his profession, “You are a clergyman, sir?” he said. Mr. Walker assented40. “And I observe from your speech, that you are from the north?”—“You are right, my good friend,” was the reply. “And may I ask if you have ever heard of a place called Dunnottar?”—“I ought to know something about it, my friend,” said Mr. Walker, “since I have been several years the minister of the parish.”—“I am glad to hear it,” said the Dumfriesian, “for one of my near relations lies buried there, and there is, I believe, a monument over his grave. I would give half of what I am aught, to know if it is still in existence.”—“He was one of those who perished in the Whig’s Vault at the castle?” said the minister; “for there are few southlanders besides lying in our churchyard, and none, I think, having monuments.”—“Even sae — even sae,” said the old Cameronian, for such was the farmer. He then laid down his spade, cast on his coat, and heartily41 offered to see the minister out of the moss, if he should lose the rest of the day’s dargue. Mr. Walker was able to requite42 him amply, in his opinion, by reciting the epitaph, which he remembered by heart. The old man was enchanted43 with finding the memory of his grandfather or great-grandfather faithfully recorded amongst the names of brother sufferers; and rejecting all other offers of recompense, only requested, after he had guided Mr. Walker to a safe and dry road, that he would let him have a written copy of the inscription.
It was whilst I was listening to this story, and looking at the monument referred to, that I saw Old Mortality engaged in his daily task of cleaning and repairing the ornaments45 and epitaphs upon the tomb. His appearance and equipment were exactly as described in the Novel. I was very desirous to see something of a person so singular, and expected to have done so, as he took up his quarters with the hospitable46 and liberal-spirited minister. But though Mr. Walker invited him up after dinner to partake of a glass of spirits and water, to which he was supposed not to be very averse47, yet he would not speak frankly48 upon the subject of his occupation. He was in bad humour, and had, according to his phrase, no freedom for conversation with us.
His spirit had been sorely vexed49 by hearing, in a certain Aberdonian kirk, the psalmody directed by a pitch-pipe, or some similar instrument, which was to Old Mortality the abomination of abominations. Perhaps, after all, he did not feel himself at ease with his company; he might suspect the questions asked by a north-country minister and a young barrister to savour more of idle curiosity than profit. At any rate, in the phrase of John Bunyan, Old Mortality went on his way, and I saw him no more.
The remarkable figure and occupation of this ancient pilgrim was recalled to my memory by an account transmitted by my friend Mr. Joseph Train, supervisor50 of excise51 at Dumfries, to whom I owe many obligations of a similar nature. From this, besides some other circumstances, among which are those of the old man’s death, I learned the particulars described in the text. I am also informed, that the old palmer’s family, in the third generation, survives, and is highly respected both for talents and worth. While these sheets were passing through the press, I received the following communication from Mr. Train, whose undeviating kindness had, during the intervals52 of laborious53 duty, collected its materials from an indubitable source.
“In the course of my periodical visits to the Glenkens, I have become intimately acquainted with Robert Paterson, a son of Old Mortality, who lives in the little village of Balmaclellan; and although he is now in the 70th year of his age, preserves all the vivacity54 of youth — has a most retentive55 memory, and a mind stored with information far above what could be expected from a person in his station of life. To him I am indebted for the following particulars relative to his father, and his descendants down to the present time.
“Robert Paterson, alias56 Old Mortality, was the son of Walter Paterson and Margaret Scott, who occupied the farm of Ilaggisha, in the parish of Hawick, during nearly the first half of the eighteenth century. Here Robert was born, in the memorable57 year 1715.
“Being the youngest son of a numerous family, he, at an early age, went to serve with an elder brother, named Francis, who rented, from Sir John Jardine of Applegarth, a small tract58 in Comcockle Moor59, near Lochmaben. During his residence there, he became acquainted with Elizabeth Gray, daughter of Robert Gray, gardener to Sir John Jardine, whom he afterwards married. His wife had been, for a considerable time, a cook-maid to Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick of Closeburn, who procured60 for her husband, from the Duke of Queensberry, an advantageous61 lease of the freestone quarry62 of Gatelowbrigg, in the parish of Morton. Here he built a house, and had as much land as kept a horse and cow. My informant cannot say, with certainty, the year in which his father took up his residence at Gatelowbrigg, but he is sure it must have been only a short time prior to the year 1746, as, during the memorable frost in 1740, he says his mother still resided in the service of Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick. When the Highlanders were returning from England on their route to Glasgow, in the year 1745-6, they plundered63 Mr. Paterson’s house at Gatelowbrigg, and carried him a prisoner as far as Glenbuck, merely because he said to one of the straggling army, that their retreat might have been easily foreseen, as the strong arm of the Lord was evidently raised, not only against the bloody64 and wicked house of Stewart, but against all who attempted to support the abominable65 heresies66 of the Church of Rome. From this circumstance it appears that Old Mortality had, even at that early period of his life, imbibed67 the religious enthusiasm by which he afterwards became so much distinguished68.
“The religious sect69 called Hill-men, or Cameronians, was at that time much noted70 for austerity and devotion, in imitation of Cameron, their founder71, of whose tenets Old Mortality became a most strenuous72 supporter. He made frequent journeys into Galloway to attend their conventicles, and occasionally carried with him gravestones from his quarry at Gatelowbrigg, to keep in remembrance the righteous whose dust had been gathered to their fathers. Old Mortality was not one of those religious devotees, who, although one eye is seemingly turned towards heaven, keep the other steadfastly73 fixed74 on some sublunary object. As his enthusiasm increased, his journeys into Galloway became more frequent; and he gradually neglected even the common prudential duty of providing for his offspring. From about the year 1758, he neglected wholly to return from Galloway to his wife and five children at Gatelowbrigg, which induced her to send her eldest75 son Walter, then only twelve years of age, to Galloway, in search of his father. After traversing nearly the whole of that extensive district, from the Nick of Benncorie to the Fell of Barullion, he found him at last working on the Cameronian monuments, in the old kirkyard of Kirkchrist, on the west side of the Dee, opposite the town of Kirkcudbright. The little wanderer used all the influence in his power to induce his father to return to his family; but in vain. Mrs. Paterson sent even some of her female children into Galloway in search of their father, for the same purpose of persuading him to return home; but without any success. At last, in the summer of 1768, she removed to the little upland village of Balmaclellan, in the Glenkens of Galloway, where, upon the small pittance76 derived77 from keeping a little school, she supported her numerous family in a respectable manner.
“There is a small monumental stone in the farm of the Caldon, near the House of the Hill, in Wigtonshire, which is highly venerated78 as being the first erected, by Old Mortality, to the memory of several persons who fell at that place in defence of their religious tenets in the civil war, in the reign79 of Charles Second.
“From the Caldon, the labours of Old Mortality, in the course of time, spread over nearly all the Lowlands of Scotland. There are few churchyards in Ayrshire, Galloway, or Dumfries-shire, where the work of his chisel is not yet to be seen. It is easily distinguished from the work of any other artist by the primitive80 rudeness of the emblems81 of death, and of the inscriptions82 which adorn83 the ill-formed blocks of his erection. This task of repairing and erecting84 gravestones, practised without fee or reward, was the only ostensible85 employment of this singular person for upwards86 of forty years. The door of every Cameronian’s house was indeed open to him at all times when he chose to enter, and he was gladly received as an inmate87 of the family; but he did not invariably accept of these civilities, as may be seen by the following account of his frugal88 expenses, found, amongst other little papers, (some of which I have likewise in my possession,) in his pocket-book after his death.
Gatehouse of Fleet, 4th February, 1796.
ROBERT PATERBON debtor89 to MARGARET CHRYSTALE.
To drye Lodginge for seven weeks,. . . . . . . 0 4 1
To Four Auchlet of Ait Meal,. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 3 4
To 6 Lippies of Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1 3
To Lent Money at the time of Mr. Reid’s
Sacrament,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 6 0
To 3 Chappins of Yell with Sandy the
Keelman,?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 9
L.0 15 5
Received in part,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 10 0
Unpaid,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L.0 5 5
[?“A well-known humourist, still alive, popularly called by the name of Old Keelybags, who deals in the keel or chalk with which farmers mark their flocks.”]
“This statement shows the religious wanderer to have been very poor in his old age; but he was so more by choice than through necessity, as at the period here alluded90 to, his children were all comfortably situated91, and were most anxious to keep their father at home, but no entreaty92 could induce him to alter his erratic93 way of life. He travelled from one churchyard to another, mounted on his old white pony94, till the last day of his existence, and died, as you have described, at Bankhill, near Lockerby, on the 14th February, 1801, in the 86th year of his age. As soon as his body was found, intimation was sent to his sons at Balmaclellan; but from the great depth of the snow at that time, the letter communicating the particulars of his death was so long detained by the way, that the remains95 of the pilgrim were interred96 before any of his relations could arrive at Bankhill.
“The following is an exact copy of the account of his funeral expenses — the original of which I have in my possession:—
“Memorandum of the Funral Charges of Robert Paterson,
who dyed at Bankhill on the 14th day of February, 1801.
To a Coffon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L.0 12 0
To Munting for do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2 8
To a Shirt for him. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 5 6
To a pair of Cotten Stockings . . . 0 2 0
To Bread at the Founral. . . . . . . . . 0 2 6
To Chise at ditto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 3 0
To 1 pint97 Rume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 4 6
To I pint Whiskie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4 0
To a man going to Annam. . . . . . . . . 0 2 0
To the grave diger. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 1 0
To Linnen for a sheet to him. . . . 0 2 8
L.2 1 10
Taken off him when dead,. . . . . . . . .1 7 6
L.0 14 4
“The above account is authenticated98 by the son of the deceased.
“My friend was prevented by indisposition from even going to Bankhill to attend the funeral of his father, which I regret very much, as he is not aware in what churchyard he was interred.
“For the purpose of erecting a small monument to his memory, I have made every possible enquiry, wherever I thought there was the least chance of finding out where Old Mortality was laid; but I have done so in vain, as his death is not registered in the session-book of any of the neighbouring parishes. I am sorry to think, that in all probability, this singular person, who spent so many years of his lengthened100 existence in striving with his chisel and mallet101 to perpetuate102 the memory of many less deserving than himself, must remain even without a single stone to mark out the resting place of his mortal remains.
“Old Mortality had three sons, Robert, Walter, and John; the former, as has been already mentioned, lives in the village of Balmaclellan, in comfortable circumstances, and is much respected by his neighbours. Walter died several years ago, leaving behind him a family now respectably situated in this point. John went to America in the year 1776, and, after various turns of fortune, settled at Baltimore.”
Old Nol himself is said to have loved an innocent jest. (See Captain Hodgson’s Memoirs103.) Old Mortality somewhat resembled the Protector in this turn to festivity. Like Master Silence, he had been merry twice and once in his time; but even his jests were of a melancholy and sepulchral104 nature, and sometimes attended with inconvenience to himself, as will appear from the following anecdote:—
The old man was at one time following his wonted occupation of repairing the tombs of the martyrs, in the churchyard of Girthon, and the sexton of the parish was plying105 his kindred task at no small distance. Some roguish urchins106 were sporting near them, and by their noisy gambols107 disturbing the old men in their serious occupation. The most petulant108 of the juvenile109 party were two or three boys, grandchildren of a person well known by the name of Cooper Climent. This artist enjoyed almost a monopoly in Girthon and the neighbouring parishes, for making and selling ladles, caups, bickers110, bowls, spoons, cogues, and trenchers, formed of wood, for the use of the country people. It must be noticed, that notwithstanding the excellence111 of the Cooper’s vessels112, they were apt, when new, to impart a reddish tinge113 to whatever liquor was put into them, a circumstance not uncommon114 in like cases.
The grandchildren of this dealer115 in wooden work took it into their head to ask the sexton, what use he could possibly make of the numerous fragments of old coffins116 which were thrown up in opening new graves. “Do you not know,” said Old Mortality, “that he sells them to your grandfather, who makes them into spoons, trenchers, bickers, bowies, and so forth117?” At this assertion, the youthful group broke up in great confusion and disgust, on reflecting how many meals they had eaten out of dishes which, by Old Mortality’s account, were only fit to be used at a banquet of witches or of ghoules. They carried the tidings home, when many a dinner was spoiled by the loathing118 which the intelligence imparted; for the account of the materials was supposed to explain the reddish tinge which, even in the days of the Cooper’s fame, had seemed somewhat suspicious. The ware99 of Cooper Climent was rejected in horror, much to the benefit of his rivals the muggers, who dealt in earthenware119. The man of cutty-spoon and ladle saw his trade interrupted, and learned the reason, by his quondam customers coming upon him in wrath120 to return the goods which were composed of such unhallowed materials, and demand repayment121 of their money. In this disagreeable predicament, the forlorn artist cited Old Mortality into a court of justice, where he proved that the wood he used in his trade was that of the staves of old wine-pipes bought from smugglers, with whom the country then abounded122, a circumstance which fully44 accounted for their imparting a colour to their contents. Old Mortality himself made the fullest declaration, that he had no other purpose in making the assertion, than to check the petulance123 of the children. But it is easier to take away a good name than to restore it. Cooper Climent’s business continued to languish124, and he died in a state of poverty.
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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chisel
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| n.凿子；v.用凿子刻，雕，凿 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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proffered
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| v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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privy
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| adj.私用的；隐密的 | |
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northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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subterranean
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dungeon
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| n.地牢，土牢 | |
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precipice
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| n.悬崖，危急的处境 | |
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scoffs
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| 嘲笑，嘲弄( scoff的第三人称单数 ) | |
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gibes
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| vi.嘲笑，嘲弄（gibe的第三人称单数形式） | |
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tunes
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| n.曲调，曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 )；调整；（给收音机、电视等）调谐；使协调 | |
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rev
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repose
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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pitchers
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| 大水罐( pitcher的名词复数 ) | |
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gratis
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| adj.免费的 | |
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vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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ERECTED
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inscription
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peculiar
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shrine
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martyrs
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| n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情） | |
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captivity
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labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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moss
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extricate
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procuring
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的现在分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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paramount
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| a.最重要的，最高权力的 | |
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brook
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procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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unintelligible
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| adj.无法了解的，难解的，莫明其妙的 | |
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dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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acting
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assented
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| 同意，赞成( assent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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requite
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| v.报酬，报答 | |
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enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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vexed
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| adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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supervisor
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| n.监督人，管理人，检查员，督学，主管，导师 | |
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excise
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| n.(国产)货物税；vt.切除，删去 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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53
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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vivacity
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| n.快活，活泼，精神充沛 | |
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retentive
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| v.保留的，有记忆的；adv.有记性地，记性强地；n.保持力 | |
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alias
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| n.化名；别名；adv.又名 | |
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memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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moor
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| n.荒野，沼泽；vt.(使)停泊；vi.停泊 | |
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procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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quarry
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| n.采石场；v.采石；费力地找 | |
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plundered
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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abominable
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| adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的 | |
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heresies
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| n.异端邪说，异教( heresy的名词复数 ) | |
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imbibed
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| v.吸收( imbibe的过去式和过去分词 )；喝；吸取；吸气 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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sect
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| n.派别，宗教，学派，派系 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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steadfastly
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| adv.踏实地，不变地；岿然；坚定不渝 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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pittance
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| n.微薄的薪水，少量 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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venerated
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| 敬重（某人或某事物），崇敬( venerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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emblems
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| n.象征，标记( emblem的名词复数 ) | |
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inscriptions
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| （作者）题词( inscription的名词复数 )； 献词； 碑文； 证劵持有人的登记 | |
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adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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erecting
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| v.使直立，竖起( erect的现在分词 )；建立 | |
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ostensible
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| adj.(指理由)表面的，假装的 | |
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upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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inmate
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| n.被收容者；(房屋等的)居住人；住院人 | |
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frugal
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| adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的 | |
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debtor
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| n.借方，债务人 | |
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alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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entreaty
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| n.恳求，哀求 | |
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erratic
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| adj.古怪的，反复无常的，不稳定的 | |
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pony
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| adj.小型的；n.小马 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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interred
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| v.埋，葬( inter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pint
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| n.品脱 | |
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authenticated
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| v.证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的( authenticate的过去式和过去分词 )；鉴定，使生效 | |
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ware
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| n.(常用复数)商品，货物 | |
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lengthened
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| （时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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101
mallet
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| n.槌棒 | |
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102
perpetuate
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| v.使永存，使永记不忘 | |
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103
memoirs
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| n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数) | |
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104
sepulchral
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| adj.坟墓的，阴深的 | |
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105
plying
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的现在分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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106
urchins
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| n.顽童( urchin的名词复数 )；淘气鬼；猬；海胆 | |
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gambols
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| v.蹦跳，跳跃，嬉戏( gambol的第三人称单数 ) | |
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petulant
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| adj.性急的，暴躁的 | |
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109
juvenile
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| n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的 | |
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bickers
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| v.争吵( bicker的第三人称单数 )；口角；（水等）作潺潺声；闪烁 | |
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111
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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112
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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113
tinge
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| vt.(较淡)着色于，染色；使带有…气息；n.淡淡色彩，些微的气息 | |
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114
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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115
dealer
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| n.商人，贩子 | |
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116
coffins
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| n.棺材( coffin的名词复数 )；使某人早亡[死，完蛋，垮台等]之物 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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118
loathing
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| n.厌恶，憎恨v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的现在分词)；极不喜欢 | |
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119
earthenware
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| n.土器，陶器 | |
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120
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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121
repayment
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| n.偿还，偿还款；报酬 | |
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122
abounded
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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123
petulance
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| n.发脾气，生气，易怒，暴躁，性急 | |
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languish
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| vi.变得衰弱无力，失去活力，（植物等）凋萎 | |
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