— LORD CHESTERFIELD: Letters to his Son.
Example, my boy — example is worth a thousand precepts2.
— MAXIMILIAN SOLEMN.
Tarpeia was crushed beneath the weight of ornaments3. The language of the vulgar is a sort of Tarpeia. We have therefore relieved it of as many gems4 as we were able, and in the foregoing scene presented it to the gaze of our readers simplex munditiis. Nevertheless, we could timidly imagine some gentler beings of the softer sex rather displeased5 with the tone of the dialogue we have given, did we not recollect6 how delighted they are with the provincial7 barbarities of the sister kingdom, whenever they meet them poured over the pages of some Scottish story-teller. As, unhappily for mankind, broad Scotch8 is not yet the universal language of Europe, we suppose our countrywomen will not be much more unacquainted with the dialect of their own lower orders than with that which breathes nasal melodies over the paradise of the North.
It was the next day, at the hour of twilight9, when Mrs. Margery Lobkins, after a satisfactory tete-a-tete with Mr. MacGrawler, had the happiness of thinking that she had provided a tutor for little Paul. The critic having recited to her a considerable portion of Propria qum Maribus, the good lady had no longer a doubt of his capacities for teaching; and on the other hand, when Mrs. Lobkins entered on the subject of remuneration, the Scotsman professed10 himself perfectly11 willing to teach any and every thing that the most exacting12 guardian13 could require. It was finally settled that Paul should attend Mr. MacGrawler two hours a day; that Mr. MacGrawler should be entitled to such animal comforts of meat and drink as the Mug afforded, and, moreover, to the weekly stipend14 of two shillings and sixpence — the shillings for instruction in the classics, and the sixpence for all other humanities; or, as Mrs. Lobkins expressed it, “two bobs for the Latin, and a site for the vartue.”
Let not thy mind, gentle reader, censure15 us for a deviation16 from probability in making so excellent and learned a gentleman as Mr. Peter MacGrawler the familiar guest of the lady of the Mug. First, thou must know that our story is cast in a period antecedent to the present, and one in which the old jokes against the circumstances of author and of critic had their foundation in truth; secondly17, thou must know that by some curious concatenation of circumstances neither bailiff nor bailiff’s man was ever seen within the four walls continent of Mrs. Margery Lobkins; thirdly, the Mug was nearer than any other house of public resort to the abode18 of the critic; fourthly, it afforded excellent porter; and fifthly, O reader, thou dost Mrs. Margery Lobkins a grievous wrong if thou supposest that her door was only open to those mercurial19 gentry20 who are afflicted22 with the morbid23 curiosity to pry24 into the mysteries of their neighbours’ pockets — other visitors, of fair repute, were not unoften partakers of the good matron’s hospitality; although it must be owned that they generally occupied the private room in preference to the public one. And sixthly, sweet reader (we grieve to be so prolix), we would just hint to thee that Mr. MacGrawler was one of those vast-minded sages25 who, occupied in contemplating26 morals in the great scale, do not fritter down their intellects by a base attention to minute details. So that if a descendant of Langfanger did sometimes cross the venerable Scot in his visit to the Mug, the apparition27 did not revolt that benevolent28 moralist so much as, were it not for the above hint, thy ignorance might lead thee to imagine.
It is said that Athenodorus the Stoic29 contributed greatly by his conversation to amend30 the faults of Augustus, and to effect the change visible in that fortunate man after his accession to the Roman empire. If this be true, it may throw a new light on the character of Augustus, and instead of being the hypocrite, he was possibly the convert. Certain it is that there are few vices32 which cannot be conquered by wisdom; and yet, melancholy33 to relate, the instructions of Peter MacGrawler produced but slender amelioration in the habits of the youthful Paul. That ingenious stripling had, we have already seen, under the tuition of Ranting34 Bob, mastered the art of reading — nay35, he could even construct and link together certain curious pot-hooks, which himself and Mrs. Lobkins were wont36 graciously to term “writing.” So far, then, the way of MacGrawler was smoothed and prepared.
But, unhappily, all experienced teachers allow that the main difficulty is not to learn, but to unlearn; and the mind of Paul was already occupied by a vast number of heterogeneous37 miscellanies which stoutly38 resisted the ingress either of Latin or of virtue39. Nothing could wean him from an ominous40 affection for the history of Richard Turpin; it was to him what, it has been said, the Greek authors should be to the Academician — a study by day, and a dream by night. He was docile41 enough during lessons, and sometimes even too quick in conception for the stately march of Mr. MacGrawler’s intellect. But it not unfrequently happened that when that gentleman attempted to rise, he found himself, like the Lady in “Comus,” adhering to —
“A venomed42 seat Smeared43 with gums of glutinous44 heat;”
or his legs had been secretly united under the table, and the tie was not to be broken without overthrow45 to the superior powers. These, and various other little sportive machinations wherewith Paul was wont to relieve the monotony of literature, went far to disgust the learned critic with his undertaking46. But “the tape” and the treasury47 of Mrs. Lobkins re-smoothed, as it were, the irritated bristles48 of his mind, and he continued his labours with this philosophical49 reflection: “Why fret50 myself? If a pupil turns out well, it is clearly to the credit of his master; if not, to the disadvantage of himself.” Of course, a similar suggestion never forced itself into the mind of Dr. Keate [A celebrated51 principal of Eton]. At Eton the very soul of the honest headmaster is consumed by his zeal52 for the welfare of the little gentlemen in stiff cravats53.
But to Paul, who was predestined to enjoy a certain quantum of knowledge, circumstances happened, in the commencement of the second year of his pupilage, which prodigiously54 accelerated the progress of his scholastic55 career.
At the apartment of MacGrawler, Paul one morning encountered Mr. Augustus Tomlinson, a young man of great promise, who pursued the peaceful occupation of chronicling in a leading newspaper “Horrid Murders,” “Enormous Melons,” and “Remarkable56 Circumstances.” This gentleman, having the advantage of some years’ seniority over Paul, was slow in unbending his dignity; but observing at last the eager and respectful attention with which the stripling listened to a most veracious57 detail of five men being inhumanly58 murdered in Canterbury Cathedral by the Reverend Zedekiah Fooks Barnacle, he was touched by the impression he had created, and shaking Paul graciously by the hand, he told him there was a deal of natural shrewdness in his countenance59, and that Mr. Augustus Tomlinson did not doubt but that he (Paul) might have the honour to be murdered himself one of these days. “You understand me,” continued Mr. Augustus — “I mean murdered in effigy60 — assassinated61 in type — while you yourself, unconscious of the circumstance, are quietly enjoying what you imagine to be your existence. We never kill common persons — to say truth, our chief spite is against the Church; we destroy bishops62 by wholesale64. Sometimes, indeed, we knock off a leading barrister or so, and express the anguish65 of the junior counsel at a loss so destructive to their interests. But that is only a stray hit, and the slain66 barrister often lives to become Attorney–General, renounce67 Whig principles, and prosecute68 the very Press that destroyed him. Bishops are our proper food; we send them to heaven on a sort of flying griffin, of which the back is an apoplexy, and the wings are puffs69. The Bishop63 of —— whom we despatched in this manner the other day, being rather a facetious70 personage, wrote to remonstrate71 with us thereon, observing that though heaven was a very good translation for a bishop, yet that in such cases he preferred ‘the original to the translation.’ As we murder bishop, so is there another class of persons whom we only afflict21 with lethiferous diseases. This latter tribe consists of his Majesty72 and his Majesty’s ministers. Whenever we cannot abuse their measures, we always fall foul73 on their health. Does the king pass any popular law, we immediately insinuate74 that his constitution is on its last legs. Does the minister act like a man of sense, we instantly observe, with great regret, that his complexion75 is remarkably76 pale. There is one manifest advantage in diseasinq people, instead of absolutely destroying them: the public may flatly contradict us in one case, but it never can in the other; it is easy to prove that a man is alive, but utterly77 impossible to prove that he is in health. What if some opposing newspaper take up the cudgels in his behalf, and assert that the victim of all Pandora’s complaints, whom we send tottering78 to the grave, passes one half the day in knocking up a ‘distinguished79 company’ at a shooting-party, and the other half in outdoing the same ‘distinguished company’ after dinner? What if the afflicted individual himself write us word that he never was better in his life? We have only mysteriously to shake our heads and observe that to contradict is not to prove, that it is little likely that our authority should have been mistaken, and (we are very fond of an historical comparison), beg our readers to remember that when Cardinal80 Richelieu was dying, nothing enraged81 him so much as hinting that he was ill. In short, if Horace is right, we are the very princes of poets; for I dare say, Mr. MacGrawler, that you — and you, too, my little gentleman, perfectly remember the words of the wise old Roman —
“‘Ille per extentum funem mihi posse videtur
Ire poeta, meum qui pectus inaniter angit,
Irritat, mulcet, falsis terroribus implet.’”
[“He appears to me to be, to the fullest extent, a poet who airily torments82 my breast, irritates, soothes83, fills it with unreal terrors.”]
Having uttered this quotation84 with considerable self-complacency, and thereby85 entirely86 completed his conquest over Paul, Mr. Augustus Tomlinson, turning to MacGrawler, concluded his business with that gentleman — which was of a literary nature, namely, a joint87 composition against a man who, being under five-and-twenty, and too poor to give dinners, had had the impudence88 to write a sacred poem. The critics were exceedingly bitter at this; and having very little to say against the poem, the Court journals called the author a “coxcomb,” and the liberal ones “the son of a pantaloon!”
There was an ease, a spirit, a life about Mr. Augustus Tomlinson, which captivated the senses of our young hero; then, too, he was exceedingly smartly attired89 — wore red heels and a bag — had what seemed to Paul quite the air of a “man of fashion;” and, above all, he spouted90 the Latin with a remarkable grace!
Some days afterwards, MacGrawler sent our hero to Mr. Tomlinson’s lodgings91, with his share of the joint abuse upon the poet.
Doubly was Paul’s reverence92 for Mr. Augustus Tomlinson increased by a sight of his abode. He found him settled in a polite part of the town, in a very spruce parlour, the contents of which manifested the universal genius of the inhabitant. It hath been objected unto us, by a most discerning critic, that we are addicted93 to the drawing of “universal geniuses.” We plead Not Guilty in former instances; we allow the soft impeachment94 in the instance of Mr. Augustus Tomlinson. Over his fireplace were arranged boxing-gloves and fencing foils; on his table lay a cremona and a flageolet. On one side of the wall were shelves containing the Covent Garden Magazine, Burn’s Justice, a pocket Horace, a Prayer–Book, Excerpta ex Tacito, a volume of plays, Philosophy made Easy, and a Key to all Knowledge. Furthermore, there were on another table a riding-whip and a driving-whip and a pair of spurs, and three guineas, with a little mountain of loose silver. Mr. Augustus was a tall, fair young man, with a freckled95 complexion, green eyes and red eyelids96, a smiling mouth, rather under-jawed, a sharp nose, and a prodigiously large pair of ears. He was robed in a green damask dressing-gown; and he received the tender Paul most graciously.
There was something very engaging about our hero. He was not only good-looking, and frank in aspect, but he had that appearance of briskness97 and intellect which belongs to an embryo98 rogue99. Mr. Augustus Tomlinson professed the greatest regard for him — asked him if he could box, made him put on a pair of gloves, and very condescendingly knocked him down three times successively. Next he played him, both upon his flageolet and his cremona, some of the most modish100 airs. Moreover, he sang him a little song of his own composing. He then, taking up the driving-whip, flanked a fly from the opposite wall, and throwing himself (naturally fatigued101 with his numerous exertions) on his sofa, observed, in a careless tone, that he and his friend Lord Dunshunner were universally esteemed102 the best whips in the metropolis103. “I,” quoth Mr. Augustus, “am the best on the road; but my lord is a devil at turning a corner.”
Paul, who had hitherto lived too unsophisticated a life to be aware of the importance of which a lord would naturally be in the eyes of Mr. Augustus Tomlinson, was not so much struck with the grandeur104 of the connection as the murderer of the journals had expected. He merely observed, by way of compliment, that Mr. Augustus and his companion seemed to be “rolling kiddies.”
A little displeased with this metaphorical105 remark — for it may be observed that “rolling kiddy” is, among the learned in such lore106, the customary expression for “a smart thief,”— the universal Augustus took that liberty to which by his age and station, so much superior to those of Paul, he imagined himself entitled, and gently reproved our hero for his indiscriminate use of flash phrases.
“A lad of your parts,” said he — “for I see you are clever, by your eye — ought to be ashamed of using such vulgar expressions. Have a nobler spirit, a loftier emulation107, Paul, than that which distinguishes the little ragamuffins of the street. Know that in this country genius and learning carry everything before them; and if you behave yourself properly, you may, one day or another, be as high in the world as myself.”
At this speech Paul looked wistfully round the spruce parlour, and thought what a fine thing it would be to be lord of such a domain108, together with the appliances of flageolet and cremona, boxing-gloves, books, fly-flanking flagellum, three guineas, with the little mountain of silver, and the reputation — shared only with Lord Dunshunner — of being the best whip in London.
“Yes,” continued Tomlinson, with conscious pride, “I owe my rise to myself. Learning is better than house and land. ‘Doctrina sed vim,’ etc. You know what old Horace says? Why, sir, you would not believe it; but I was the man who killed his Majesty the King of Sardinia in our yesterday’s paper. Nothing is too arduous109 for genius. Fag hard, my boy, and you may rival (for the thing, though difficult, may not be impossible) Augustus Tomlinson!”
At the conclusion of this harangue110, a knock at the door being heard, Paul took his departure, and met in the hall a fine-looking person dressed in the height of the fashion, and wearing a pair of prodigiously large buckles111 in his shoes. Paul looked, and his heart swelled112. “I may rival,” thought he — “those were his very words — I may rival (for the thing, though difficult, is not impossible) Augustus Tomlinson!” Absorbed in meditation113, he went silently home. The next day the memoirs114 of the great Turpin were committed to the flames, and it was noticeable that henceforth Paul observed a choicer propriety115 of words, that he assumed a more refined air of dignity, and that he paid considerably116 more attention than heretofore to the lessons of Mr. Peter MacGrawler. Although it must be allowed that our young hero’s progress in the learned languages was not astonishing, yet an early passion for reading, growing stronger and stronger by application, repaid him at last with a tolerable knowledge of the mother-tongue. We must, however, add that his more favourite and cherished studies were scarcely of that nature which a prudent117 preceptor would have greatly commended. They lay chiefly among novels, plays, and poetry — which last he affected118 to that degree that he became somewhat of a poet himself. Nevertheless these literary avocations119, profitless as they seemed, gave a certain refinement120 to his tastes which they were not likely otherwise to have acquired at the Mug; and while they aroused his ambition to see something of the gay life they depicted121, they imparted to his temper a tone of enterprise and of thoughtless generosity122 which perhaps contributed greatly to counteract123 those evil influences towards petty vice31 to which the examples around him must have exposed his tender youth. But, alas124! a great disappointment to Paul’s hope of assistance and companionship in his literary labours befell him. Mr. Augustus Tomlinson, one bright morning, disappeared, leaving word with his numerous friends that he was going to accept a lucrative125 situation in the North of England. Notwithstanding the shock this occasioned to the affectionate heart and aspiring126 temper of our friend Paul, it abated127 not his ardour in that field of science which it seemed that the distinguished absentee had so successfully cultivated. By little and little, he possessed128 himself (in addition to the literary stores we have alluded129 to) of all it was in the power of the wise and profound Peter MacGrawler to impart unto him; and at the age of sixteen he began (oh the presumption130 of youth!) to fancy himself more learned than his master.
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1
envious
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| adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的 | |
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precepts
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| n.规诫，戒律，箴言( precept的名词复数 ) | |
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ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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displeased
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| a.不快的 | |
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6
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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provincial
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| adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人 | |
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scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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exacting
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| adj.苛求的，要求严格的 | |
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guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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stipend
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| n.薪贴；奖学金；养老金 | |
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censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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deviation
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| n.背离，偏离；偏差，偏向；离题 | |
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secondly
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| adv.第二，其次 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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mercurial
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| adj.善变的，活泼的 | |
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gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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afflict
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| vt.使身体或精神受痛苦，折磨 | |
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afflicted
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| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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pry
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| vi.窥(刺)探，打听；vt.撬动(开，起) | |
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sages
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| n.圣人( sage的名词复数 )；智者；哲人；鼠尾草（可用作调料） | |
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contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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stoic
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| n.坚忍克己之人，禁欲主义者 | |
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amend
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| vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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ranting
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| v.夸夸其谈( rant的现在分词 )；大叫大嚷地以…说教；气愤地)大叫大嚷；不停地大声抱怨 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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heterogeneous
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| adj.庞杂的；异类的 | |
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stoutly
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| adv.牢固地，粗壮的 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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docile
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| adj.驯服的，易控制的，容易教的 | |
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42
venomed
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| adj.恶毒的，含有恶意的 | |
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43
smeared
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| 弄脏； 玷污； 涂抹； 擦上 | |
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44
glutinous
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| adj.粘的，胶状的 | |
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45
overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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46
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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47
treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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48
bristles
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| 短而硬的毛发，刷子毛( bristle的名词复数 ) | |
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philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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50
fret
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| v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损 | |
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51
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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52
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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53
cravats
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| n.（系在衬衫衣领里面的）男式围巾( cravat的名词复数 ) | |
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54
prodigiously
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| adv.异常地，惊人地，巨大地 | |
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55
scholastic
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| adj.学校的，学院的，学术上的 | |
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56
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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57
veracious
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| adj.诚实可靠的 | |
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inhumanly
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| adv.无人情味地，残忍地 | |
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59
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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60
effigy
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| n.肖像 | |
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61
assassinated
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| v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏 | |
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62
bishops
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| （基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象 | |
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63
bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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64
wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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65
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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66
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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67
renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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prosecute
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| vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官 | |
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69
puffs
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| n.吸( puff的名词复数 )；（烟斗或香烟的）一吸；一缕（烟、蒸汽等）；（呼吸或风的）呼v.使喷出( puff的第三人称单数 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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70
facetious
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| adj.轻浮的，好开玩笑的 | |
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71
remonstrate
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| v.抗议，规劝 | |
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72
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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73
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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74
insinuate
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| vt.含沙射影地说，暗示 | |
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75
complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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76
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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78
tottering
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| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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79
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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80
cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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enraged
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| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 )； 歜； 激愤 | |
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82
torments
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| （肉体或精神上的）折磨，痛苦( torment的名词复数 )； 造成痛苦的事物[人] | |
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83
soothes
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| v.安慰( soothe的第三人称单数 )；抚慰；使舒服；减轻痛苦 | |
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84
quotation
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| n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情 | |
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85
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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86
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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87
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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88
impudence
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| n.厚颜无耻；冒失；无礼 | |
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89
attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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90
spouted
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| adj.装有嘴的v.（指液体）喷出( spout的过去式和过去分词 )；滔滔不绝地讲；喋喋不休地说；喷水 | |
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lodgings
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| n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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93
addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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impeachment
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| n.弹劾；控告；怀疑 | |
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freckled
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| adj.雀斑；斑点；晒斑；（使）生雀斑v.雀斑，斑点( freckle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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eyelids
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| n.眼睑( eyelid的名词复数 )；眼睛也不眨一下；不露声色；面不改色 | |
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briskness
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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98
embryo
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| n.胚胎，萌芽的事物 | |
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99
rogue
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| n.流氓；v.游手好闲 | |
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100
modish
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| adj.流行的，时髦的 | |
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101
fatigued
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| adj. 疲乏的 | |
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102
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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103
metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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104
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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105
metaphorical
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| a.隐喻的，比喻的 | |
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106
lore
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| n.传说；学问，经验，知识 | |
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107
emulation
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| n.竞争；仿效 | |
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108
domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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109
arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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110
harangue
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| n.慷慨冗长的训话，言辞激烈的讲话 | |
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111
buckles
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| 搭扣，扣环( buckle的名词复数 ) | |
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112
swelled
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| 增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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113
meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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114
memoirs
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| n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数) | |
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115
propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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116
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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117
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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118
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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119
avocations
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| n.业余爱好，嗜好( avocation的名词复数 )；职业 | |
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120
refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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121
depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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122
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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123
counteract
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| vt.对…起反作用，对抗，抵消 | |
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124
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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125
lucrative
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| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
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126
aspiring
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| adj.有志气的；有抱负的；高耸的v.渴望；追求 | |
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127
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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128
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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129
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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130
presumption
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| n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定 | |
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