At eight A.M. on Wednesday, the 26th Zu’l Ka’adah (31st August, 1853), as we were sitting at the window of Hamid’s house after our early meal, suddenly appeared, in hottest haste, Mas’ud, our Camel-Shaykh. He was accompanied by his son, a bold boy about fourteen years of age, who fought sturdily about the weight of each package as it was thrown over the camel’s back; and his nephew, an ugly pock-marked lad, too lazy even to quarrel. We were ordered to lose no time in loading; all started into activity, and at nine A.M. I found myself standing11 opposite the Egyptian Gate, surrounded by my friends, who had accompanied me thus far on foot, to take leave with due honour. After affectionate embraces and parting mementoes, we mounted, the boy Mohammed and I in the litter, and Shaykh Nur in his cot. Then in company with some Turks and Meccans, for Mas’ud owned a string of nine camels, we passed through the little gate near the castle, and shaped our course towards the North. On our right lay the palm-groves, which conceal12 this part of the city; far to the left rose the domes14 of Hamzah’s Mosques15 at the foot of Mount Ohod; and in front a band of road, crowded with motley groups, stretched over a barren stony16 plain.
After an hour’s slow march, bending gradually from North to North-East, we fell into the Nijd highway, and came to a place of renown17 called Al-Ghadir, or the Basin.2 This is a depression conducting the drainage of the plain towards the northern hills. The skirts of Ohod still limited the prospect18 to the left. On the right was the Bir Rashid (Well of Rashid), and the little whitewashed19 dome13 of Ali al-Urays, a descendant from Zayn al-Abidin:— the tomb is still a place of Visitation. There we halted and turned to take farewell of the Holy City. All the pilgrims dismounted and gazed at the venerable minarets20 and the Green Dome — spots upon which their memories would for ever dwell with a fond and yearning21 interest.
Remounting at noon, we crossed a Fiumara which runs, according to my Camel-Shaykh, from North to South; we were therefore emerging from the Madinah basin. The sky began to be clouded, and although the air was still full of Samu[m], cold draughts22 occasionally poured down from the hills. Arabs fear this
“bitter change
Of fierce extremes, extremes by change more fierce,”
and call that a dangerous climate which is cold in the hot season and hot in the cold. Travelling over a rough and stony path, dotted with thorny23 Acacias, we arrived about two P.M. at the bed of lava24 heard of by Burckhardt.3 The aspect of the country was volcanic25, abounding26 in basalts and scoriae, more or less porous27: sand veiled the black bed whose present dimensions by no means equal the descriptions of Arabian historians. I made diligent28 enquiries about the existence of active volcanoes in this part of Al-Hijaz, and heard of none.
At five P.M., travelling towards the East, we entered a Bughaz,4 or Pass, which follows the course of a wide Fiumara, walled in by steep and barren hills — the portals of a region too wild even for Badawin. The torrent-bed narrowed where the turns were abrupt29, and the drift of heavy stones, with a water-mark from six to seven feet high, showed that after rains a violent stream runs from East and South-East to West and North-West. The fertilising fluid is close to the surface, evidenced by a spare growth of Acacia, camel-grass, and at some angles of the bed by the Daum, or Theban palm.5 I remarked what was technically30 called “Hufrah,” holes dug for water in the sand; and the guide assured me that somewhere near there is a spring flowing from the rocks.
After the long and sultry afternoon, beasts of burden began to sink in numbers. The fresh carcases of asses5, ponies31, and camels dotted the wayside: those that had been allowed to die were abandoned to the foul32 carrion-birds, the Rakham (vulture), and the yellow Ukab; and all whose throats had been properly cut, were surrounded by troops of Takruri pilgrims. These half-starved wretches33 cut steaks from the choice portions, and slung34 them over their shoulders till an opportunity of cooking might arrive. I never saw men more destitute35. They carried wooden bowls, which they filled with water by begging; their only weapon was a small knife, tied in a leathern sheath above the elbow; and their costume an old skull-cap, strips of leather like sandals under the feet, and a long dirty shirt, or sometimes a mere36 rag covering the loins. Some were perfect savages37, others had been fine-looking men, broad-shouldered, thin-flanked, and long-limbed; many were lamed38 by fatigue39 and by thorns; and looking at most of them, I fancied death depicted40 in their forms and features.
After two hours’ slow marching up the Fiumara eastwards41, we saw in front of us a wall of rock; and, turning abruptly42 southwards, we left the bed, and ascended43 rising ground. Already it was night; an hour, however, elapsed before we saw, at a distance, the twinkling fires, and heard the watch-cries of our camp. It was pitched in a hollow, under hills, in excellent order; the Pasha’s pavilion surrounded by his soldiers and guards disposed in tents, with sentinels, regularly posted, protecting the outskirts44 of the encampment. One of our men, whom we had sent forward, met us on the way, and led us to an open place, where we unloaded the camels, raised our canvas home, lighted fires, and prepared, with supper, for a good night’s rest. Living is simple on such marches. The pouches45 inside and outside the Shugduf contain provisions and water, with which you supply yourself when inclined. At certain hours of the day, ambulant vendors46 offer sherbet, lemonade, hot coffee, and water-pipes admirably prepared.6 Chibuks may be smoked in the litter; but few care to do so during the Samu[m]. The first thing, however, called for at the halting-place is the pipe, and its delightfully47 soothing48 influence, followed by a cup of coffee, and a “forty winks” upon the sand, will awaken49 an appetite not to be roused by other means. How could Waterton, the traveller, abuse a pipe? During the night-halt, provisions are cooked: rice, or Kichri, a mixture of pulse and rice, is eaten with Chutnee and lime-pickle, varied50, occasionally, by tough mutton and indigestible goat.
We arrived at Ja al-Sharifah at eight P.M., after a march of about twenty-two miles.7 This halting-place is the rendezvous51 of Caravans: it lies 50° south-east of Al-Madinah, and belongs rather to Nijd than to Al-Hijaz.
At three A.M., on Thursday (Sept. 1), we started up at the sound of the departure-gun, struck the tent, loaded the camels, mounted, and found ourselves hurrying through a gloomy pass, in the hills, to secure a good place in the Caravan2. This is an object of some importance, as, during the whole journey, marching order must not be broken. We met with a host of minor52 accidents, camels falling, Shugdufs bumping against one another, and plentiful53 abuse. Pertinaciously54 we hurried on till six A.M., at which hour we emerged from the Black Pass. The large crimson55 sun rose upon us, disclosing, through purple mists, a hollow of coarse yellow gravel56, based upon a hard whitish clay. About five miles broad by twelve long, it collects the waters of the high grounds after rain, and distributes the surplus through an exit towards the North-west, a gap in the low undulating hills around. Entering it, we dismounted, prayed, broke our fast, and after half an hour’s halt proceeded to cross its breadth. The appearance of the Caravan was most striking, as it threaded its slow way over the smooth surface of the Khabt (low plain).8 To judge by the eye, the host was composed of at fewest seven thousand souls, on foot, on horseback, in litters, or bestriding the splendid camels of Syria.9 There were eight gradations of pilgrims.
The lowest hobbled with heavy staves. Then came the riders of asses, of camels, and of mules57. Respectable men, especially Arabs, were mounted on dromedaries, and the soldiers had horses: a led animal was saddled for every grandee58, ready whenever he might wish to leave his litter. Women, children, and invalids59 of the poorer classes sat upon a “Haml Musattah,”— rugs and cloths spread over the two large boxes which form the camel’s load.10 Many occupied Shibriyahs; a few, Shugdufs, and only the wealthy and the noble rode in Takht-rawan (litters), carried by camels or mules.11 The morning beams fell brightly upon the glancing arms which surrounded the stripped Mahmil,12 and upon the scarlet60 and gilt61 conveyances62 of the grandees63. Not the least beauty of the spectacle was its wondrous64 variety of detail: no man was dressed like his neighbour, no camel was caparisoned, no horse was clothed in uniform, as it were. And nothing stranger than the contrasts; a band of half-naked Takruri marching with the Pasha’s equipage, and long-capped, bearded Persians conversing65 with Tarbush’d and shaven Turks.
The plain even at an early hour reeked66 with vapours distilled67 by the fires of the Samum: about noon, however, the air became cloudy, and nothing of colour remained, save that milky68 white haze69, dull, but glaring withal, which is the prevailing70 day-tint in these regions. At mid-day we reached a narrowing of the basin, where, from both sides, “Irk,” or low hills, stretch their last spurs into the plain. But after half a mile, it again widened to upwards71 of two miles. At two P.M. (Friday, Sept. 2), we turned towards the South-west, ascended stony ground, and found ourselves one hour afterwards in a desolate72 rocky flat, distant about twenty-four miles of unusually winding73 road from our last station. “Mahattah Ghurab,13” or the Raven’s Station, lies 10° south-west from Ja al-Sharifah, in the irregular masses of hill on the frontier of Al-Hijaz, where the highlands of Nijd begin.
After pitching the tent, we prepared to recruit our supply of water; for Mas’ud warned me that his camels had not drunk for ninety hours, and that they would soon sink under the privation. The boy Mohammed, mounting a dromedary, set off with the Shaykh and many water-bags, giving me an opportunity of writing out my journal. They did not return home until after nightfall, a delay caused by many adventures. The wells are in a Fiumara, as usual, about two miles distant from the halting-place, and the soldiers, regular as well as irregular, occupied the water and exacted hard coin in exchange for it. The men are not to blame; they would die of starvation but for this resource. The boy Mohammed had been engaged in several quarrels; but after snapping his pistol at a Persian pilgrim’s head, he came forth75 triumphant76 with two skins of sweetish water, for which we paid ten piastres. He was in his glory. There were many Meccans in the Caravan, among them his elder brother and several friends: the Sharif Zayd had sent, he said, to ask why he did not travel with his compatriots. That evening he drank so copiously77 of clarified butter, and ate dates mashed79 with flour and other abominations to such an extent, that at night he prepared to give up the ghost.
We passed a pleasant hour or two before sleeping. I began to like the old Shaykh Mas’ud, who, seeing it, entertained me with his genealogy80, his battles, and his family affairs. The rest of the party could not prevent expressing contempt when they heard me putting frequent questions about torrents81, hills, Badawin, and the directions of places. “Let the Father of Moustachios ask and learn,” said the old man; “he is friendly with the Badawin,14 and knows better than you all.” This reproof82 was intended to be bitter as the poet’s satire83 —
“All fools have still an itching74 to deride84,
And fain would be upon the laughing side.”
It called forth, however[,] another burst of merriment, for the jeerers remembered my nickname to have belonged to that pestilent heretic, Sa’ud the Wahhabi.
On Saturday, the 3rd September, the hateful signal-gun awoke us at one A.M. In Arab travel there is nothing more disagreeable than the Sariyah or night-march, and yet the people are inexorable about it. “Choose early Darkness (daljah) for your Wayfarings,” said the Prophet, “as the Calamities85 of the Earth (serpents and wild beasts) appear not at Night.” I can scarcely find words to express the weary horrors of the long dark march, during which the hapless traveller, fuming86, if a European, with disappointment in his hopes of “seeing the country,” is compelled to sit upon the back of a creeping camel. The day-sleep, too, is a kind of lethargy, and it is all but impossible to preserve an appetite during the hours of heat.
At half-past five A.M., after drowsily87 stumbling through hours of outer gloom, we entered a spacious88 basin at least six miles broad, and limited by a circlet of low hill. It was overgrown with camel-grass and Acacia (Shittim) trees, mere vegetable mummies; in many places the water had left a mark; and here and there the ground was pitted with mud-flakes89, the remains90 of recently dried pools. After an hour’s rapid march we toiled91 over a rugged ridge92, composed of broken and detached blocks of basalt and scori?, fantastically piled together, and dotted with thorny trees. Shaykh Mas’ud passed the time in walking to and fro along his line of camels, addressing us with a Khallikum guddam, “to the front (of the litter)!” as we ascended, and a Khallikum wara, “to the rear!” during the descent. It was wonderful to see the animals stepping from block to block with the sagacity of mountaineers; assuring themselves of their forefeet before trusting all their weight to advance. Not a camel fell, either here or on any other ridge: they moaned, however, piteously, for the sudden turns of the path puzzled them; the ascents93 were painful, the descents were still more so; the rocks were sharp; deep holes yawned between the blocks, and occasionally an Acacia caught the Shugduf, almost overthrowing94 the hapless bearer by the suddenness and the tenacity95 of its clutch. This passage took place during daylight. But we had many at night, which I shall neither forget nor describe.
Descending96 the ridge, we entered another hill-encircled basin of gravel and clay. In many places basalt in piles and crumbling97 strata98 of hornblende schiste, disposed edgeways, green within, and without blackened by sun and rain, cropped out of the ground. At half-past ten we found ourselves in an “Acacia-barren,” one of the things which pilgrims dread99. Here Shugdufs are bodily pulled off the camel’s back and broken upon the hard ground; the animals drop upon their knees, the whole line is deranged100, and every one, losing temper, attacks his Moslem101 brother. The road was flanked on the left by an iron wall of black basalt. Noon brought us to another ridge, whence we descended102 into a second wooded basin surrounded by hills.
Here the air was filled with those pillars of sand so graphically103 described by Abyssinian Bruce. They scudded104 on the wings of the whirlwind over the plain — huge yellow shafts105, with lofty heads, horizontally bent106 backwards107, in the form of clouds; and on more than one occasion camels were thrown down by them. It required little stretch of fancy to enter into the Arabs’ superstition108. These sand-columns are supposed to be Jinnis of the Waste, which cannot be caught, a notion arising from the fitful movements of the electrical wind-eddy that raises them, and as they advance, the pious78 Moslem stretches out his finger, exclaiming, “Iron! O thou ill-omened one15!”
During the forenoon we were troubled by the Samum, which, instead of promoting perspiration109, chokes up and hardens the skin. The Arabs complain greatly of its violence on this line of road. Here I first remarked the difficulty with which the Badawin bear thirst. Ya Latif — “O Merciful!” (Lord) — they exclaimed at times; and yet they behaved like men.16 I had ordered them to place the water-camel in front, so as to exercise due supervision110. Shaykh Mas’ud and his son made only an occasional reference to the skins. But his nephew, a short, thin, pock-marked lad of eighteen, whose black skin and woolly head suggested the idea of a semi-African and ignoble111 origin, was always drinking; except when he climbed the camel’s back, and, dozing112 upon the damp load, forgot his thirst. In vain we ordered, we taunted113, and we abused him: he would drink, he would sleep, but he would not work.
At one P.M. we crossed a Fiumara; and an hour afterwards we pursued the course of a second. Mas’ud called this the Wady al-Khunak, and assured me that it runs from the East and the South-east in a North and North-west direction, to the Madinah plain. Early in the afternoon we reached a diminutive114 flat, on the Fiumara bank. Beyond it lies a Mahjar or stony ground, black as usual in Al-Hijaz, and over its length lay the road, white with dust and with the sand deposited by the camels’ feet. Having arrived before the Pasha, we did not know where to pitch; many opining that the Caravan would traverse the Mahjar and halt beyond it. We soon alighted, however, pitched the tent under a burning sun, and were imitated by the rest of the party. Mas’ud called the place Hijriyah. According to my computation, it is twenty-five miles from Ghurab, and its direction is South-East twenty-two degrees.
Late in the afternoon the boy Mohammed started with a dromedary to procure115 water from the higher part of the Fiumara. Here are some wells, still called Bir Harun, after the great Caliph. The youth returned soon with two bags filled at an expense of nine piastres. This being the 28th Zu’l Ka’adah, many pilgrims busied themselves rather fruitlessly with endeavours to sight the crescent moon. They failed; but we were consoled by seeing through a gap in the Western hills a heavy cloud discharge its blessed load, and a cool night was the result.
We loitered on Sunday, the 4th September, at Al-Hijriyah, although the Shaykh forewarned us of a long march. But there is a kind of discipline in these great Caravans. A gun17 sounds the order to strike the tents, and a second bids you move off with all speed. There are short halts, of half an hour each, at dawn, noon, the afternoon, and sunset, for devotional purposes, and these are regulated by a cannon116 or a culverin. At such times the Syrian and Persian servants, who are admirably expert in their calling, pitch the large green tents, with gilt crescents, for the dignitaries and their harims. The last resting-place is known by the hurrying forward of these “Farrash,” or tent “Lascars,” who are determined117 to be the first on the ground and at the well. A discharge of three guns denotes the station, and when the Caravan moves by night a single cannon sounds three or four halts at irregular intervals118. The principal officers were the Emir Hajj, one Ashgar Ali Pasha, a veteran of whom my companions spoke119 slightingly, because he had been the slave of a slave, probably the pipe-bearer of some grandee who in his youth had been pipe-bearer to some other grandee. Under him was a Wakil, or lieutenant120, who managed the executive. The Emir al-Surrah — called simply Al-Surrah, or the Purse — had charge of the Caravan-treasure, and of remittances121 to the Holy Cities. And lastly there was a commander of the forces (Bashat al-Askar): his host consisted of about a thousand Irregular horsemen, Bash-Buzuks, half bandits, half soldiers, each habited and armed after his own fashion, exceedingly dirty, picturesque-looking, brave, and in such a country of no use whatever.
Leaving Al-Hijriyah at seven A.M., we passed over the grim stone-field by a detestable footpath122, and at nine o’clock struck into a broad Fiumara, which runs from the East towards the North-West. Its sandy bed is overgrown with Acacia, the Senna plant, different species of Euphorbiae, the wild Capparis, and the Daum Palm. Up this line we travelled the whole day. About six P.M., we came upon a basin at least twelve miles broad, which absorbs the water of the adjacent hills. Accustomed as I have been to mirage123, a long thin line of salt efflorescence appearing at some distance on the plain below us, when the shades of evening invested the view, completely deceived me. Even the Arabs were divided in opinion, some thinking it was the effects of the rain which fell the day before: others were more acute. It is said that beasts are never deceived by the mirage, and this, as far as my experience goes, is correct. May not the reason be that most of them know the vicinity of water rather by smell than by sight? Upon the horizon beyond the plain rose dark, fort-like masses of rock which I mistook for buildings, the more readily as the Shaykh had warned me that we were approaching a populous124 place. At last descending a long steep hill, we entered upon the level ground, and discovered our error by the crunching125 sound of the camel[s’] feet upon large curling flakes of nitrous salt overlying caked mud.18 Those civilised birds, the kite and the crow, warned us that we were in the vicinity of man. It was not, however, before eleven P.M. that we entered the confines of Al-Suwayrkiyah. The fact was made patent to us by the stumbling and the falling of our dromedaries over the little ridges126 of dried clay disposed in squares upon the fields. There were other obstacles, such as garden walls, wells, and hovels, so that midnight had sped before our weary camels reached the resting-place. A rumour127 that we were to halt here the next day, made us think lightly of present troubles; it proved, however, to be false.
During the last four days I attentively128 observed the general face of the country. This line is a succession of low plains and basins, here quasi-circular, there irregularly oblong, surrounded by rolling hills and cut by Fiumaras which pass through the higher ground. The basins are divided by ridges and flats of basalt and greenstone averaging from one hundred to two hundred feet in height. The general form is a huge prism; sometimes they are table-topped. From Al-Madinah to Al-Suwayrkiyah the low beds of sandy Fiumaras abound6. From Al-Suwayrkiyah to Al-Zaribah, their place is taken by “Ghadir,” or hollows in which water stagnates129. And beyond Al-Zaribah the traveller enters a region of water-courses tending West and South-West The versant is generally from the East and South-East towards the West and North-West. Water obtained by digging is good where rain is fresh in the Fiumaras; saltish, so as to taste at first unnaturally130 sweet, in the plains; and bitter in the basins and lowlands where nitre effloresces and rain has had time to become tainted131. The landward faces of the hills are disposed at a sloping angle, contrasting strongly with the perpendicularity132 of their seaward sides, and I found no inner range corresponding with, and parallel to, the maritime133 chain. Nowhere had I seen a land in which Earth’s anatomy134 lies so barren, or one richer in volcanic and primary formations.19 Especially towards the South, the hills were abrupt and highly vertical135, with black and barren flanks, ribbed with furrows136 and fissures137, with wide and formidable precipices138 and castellated summits like the work of man. The predominant formation was basalt, called the Arabs’ Hajar Jahannam, or Hell-stone; here and there it is porous and cellular139; in some places compact and black; and in others coarse and gritty, of a tarry colour, and when fractured shining with bright points. Hornblende is common at Al-Madinah and throughout this part of Al-Hijaz: it crops out of the ground edgeways, black and brittle140. Greenstone, diorite, and actinolite are found, though not so abundantly as those above mentioned. The granites141, called in Arabic Suwan,20 abound. Some are large-grained, of a pink colour, and appear in blocks, which, flaking142 off under the influence of the atmosphere, form ooidal blocks and boulders143 piled in irregular heaps. Others are grey and compact enough to take a high polish when cut. The syenite is generally coarse, although there is occasionally found a rich red variety of that stone. I did not see eurite or euritic porphyry except in small pieces, and the same may be said of the petrosilex and the milky and waxy144 quartz145.21 In some parts, particularly between Yambu’ and Al-Madinah, there is an abundance of tawny146 yellow gneiss markedly stratified. The transition formations are represented by a fine calcareous sandstone of a bright ochre colour: it is used at Meccah to adorn147 the exteriors148 of houses, bands of this stone being here and there inserted into the courses of masonry149. There is also a small admixture of the greenish sandstone which abounds at Aden. The secondary formation is represented by a fine limestone150, in some places almost fit for the purposes of lithography, and a coarse gypsum often of a tufaceous nature. For the superficial accumulations of the country, I may refer the reader to any description of the Desert between Cairo and Suez.
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1
predecessor
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| n.前辈，前任 | |
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caravan
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| n.大蓬车；活动房屋 | |
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caravans
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| （可供居住的）拖车（通常由机动车拖行）( caravan的名词复数 )； 篷车； （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队） | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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asses
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| n. 驴，愚蠢的人，臀部 adv. (常用作后置)用于贬损或骂人 | |
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abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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abounds
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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munificent
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| adj.慷慨的，大方的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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mosques
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| 清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 ) | |
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stony
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| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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whitewashed
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| 粉饰，美化，掩饰( whitewash的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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minarets
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| n.（清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的）光塔( minaret的名词复数 ) | |
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yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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draughts
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| n. <英>国际跳棋 | |
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thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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lava
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| n.熔岩，火山岩 | |
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volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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abounding
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| adj.丰富的，大量的v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的现在分词 ) | |
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porous
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| adj.可渗透的，多孔的 | |
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diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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technically
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| adv.专门地，技术上地 | |
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ponies
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| 矮种马，小型马( pony的名词复数 )； ￡25 25 英镑 | |
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32
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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33
wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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slung
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| 抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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35
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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36
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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37
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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38
lamed
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| 希伯莱语第十二个字母 | |
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39
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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40
depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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41
eastwards
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| adj.向东方（的），朝东（的）；n.向东的方向 | |
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42
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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43
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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44
outskirts
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| n.郊外，郊区 | |
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45
pouches
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| n.（放在衣袋里或连在腰带上的）小袋( pouch的名词复数 )；（袋鼠等的）育儿袋；邮袋；（某些动物贮存食物的）颊袋 | |
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46
vendors
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| n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方 | |
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47
delightfully
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| 大喜，欣然 | |
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48
soothing
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| adj.慰藉的；使人宽心的；镇静的 | |
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49
awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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50
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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51
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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52
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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53
plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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54
pertinaciously
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| adv.坚持地；固执地；坚决地；执拗地 | |
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55
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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56
gravel
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| n.砂跞；砂砾层；结石 | |
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57
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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58
grandee
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| n.贵族；大公 | |
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59
invalids
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| 病人，残疾者( invalid的名词复数 ) | |
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60
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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61
gilt
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| adj.镀金的；n.金边证券 | |
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62
conveyances
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| n.传送( conveyance的名词复数 )；运送；表达；运输工具 | |
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63
grandees
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| n.贵族，大公，显贵者( grandee的名词复数 ) | |
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64
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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65
conversing
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的现在分词 ) | |
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66
reeked
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| v.发出浓烈的臭气( reek的过去式和过去分词 )；散发臭气；发出难闻的气味 (of sth)；明显带有（令人不快或生疑的跡象） | |
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67
distilled
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| adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )；从…提取精华 | |
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68
milky
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| adj.牛奶的，多奶的；乳白色的 | |
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69
haze
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| n.霾，烟雾；懵懂，迷糊；vi.(over)变模糊 | |
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70
prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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71
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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72
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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73
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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74
itching
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| adj.贪得的，痒的，渴望的v.发痒( itch的现在分词 ) | |
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75
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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76
triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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77
copiously
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| adv.丰富地，充裕地 | |
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78
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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79
mashed
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| a.捣烂的 | |
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80
genealogy
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| n.家系，宗谱 | |
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81
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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82
reproof
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| n.斥责，责备 | |
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83
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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84
deride
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| v.嘲弄，愚弄 | |
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85
calamities
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| n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事 | |
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86
fuming
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| 愤怒( fume的现在分词 )； 大怒； 发怒； 冒烟 | |
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87
drowsily
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| adv.睡地，懒洋洋地，昏昏欲睡地 | |
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88
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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89
flakes
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| 小薄片( flake的名词复数 )； （尤指）碎片； 雪花； 古怪的人 | |
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90
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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91
toiled
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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92
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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93
ascents
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| n.上升( ascent的名词复数 )；（身份、地位等的）提高；上坡路；攀登 | |
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94
overthrowing
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| v.打倒，推翻( overthrow的现在分词 )；使终止 | |
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95
tenacity
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| n.坚韧 | |
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96
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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97
crumbling
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| adj.摇摇欲坠的 | |
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98
strata
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| n.地层（复数）；社会阶层 | |
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99
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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100
deranged
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| adj.疯狂的 | |
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101
Moslem
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| n.回教徒，穆罕默德信徒；adj.回教徒的，回教的 | |
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102
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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103
graphically
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| adv.通过图表；生动地，轮廓分明地 | |
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104
scudded
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| v.（尤指船、舰或云彩）笔直、高速而平稳地移动( scud的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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105
shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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106
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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107
backwards
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| adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地 | |
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108
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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109
perspiration
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| n.汗水；出汗 | |
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110
supervision
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| n.监督，管理 | |
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111
ignoble
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| adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可耻的 | |
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112
dozing
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| v.打瞌睡,假寐 n.瞌睡 | |
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113
taunted
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| 嘲讽( taunt的过去式和过去分词 )； 嘲弄； 辱骂； 奚落 | |
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114
diminutive
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| adj.小巧可爱的，小的 | |
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115
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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116
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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117
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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118
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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119
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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120
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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121
remittances
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| n.汇寄( remittance的名词复数 )；汇款，汇款额 | |
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122
footpath
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| n.小路，人行道 | |
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123
mirage
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| n.海市蜃楼，幻景 | |
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124
populous
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| adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的 | |
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125
crunching
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| v.嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼( crunch的现在分词 )；嘎吱作响；（快速大量地）处理信息；数字捣弄 | |
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126
ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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127
rumour
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| n.谣言，谣传，传闻 | |
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128
attentively
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| adv.聚精会神地；周到地；谛；凝神 | |
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129
stagnates
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| v.停滞，不流动，不发展( stagnate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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130
unnaturally
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| adv.违反习俗地；不自然地；勉强地；不近人情地 | |
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131
tainted
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| adj.腐坏的；污染的；沾污的；感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏 | |
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132
perpendicularity
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| n.垂直，直立；垂直度 | |
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133
maritime
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| adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的 | |
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134
anatomy
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| n.解剖学，解剖；功能，结构，组织 | |
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135
vertical
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| adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置 | |
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136
furrows
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| n.犁沟( furrow的名词复数 )；（脸上的）皱纹v.犁田，开沟( furrow的第三人称单数 ) | |
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137
fissures
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| n.狭长裂缝或裂隙( fissure的名词复数 )；裂伤；分歧；分裂v.裂开( fissure的第三人称单数 ) | |
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138
precipices
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| n.悬崖，峭壁( precipice的名词复数 ) | |
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139
cellular
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| adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的 | |
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140
brittle
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| adj.易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的 | |
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141
granites
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| 花岗岩，花岗石( granite的名词复数 ) | |
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142
flaking
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| 刨成片，压成片； 盘网 | |
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143
boulders
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| n.卵石( boulder的名词复数 )；巨砾；（受水或天气侵蚀而成的）巨石；漂砾 | |
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144
waxy
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| adj.苍白的；光滑的 | |
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145
quartz
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| n.石英 | |
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146
tawny
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| adj.茶色的，黄褐色的；n.黄褐色 | |
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147
adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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148
exteriors
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| n.外面( exterior的名词复数 )；外貌；户外景色图 | |
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149
masonry
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| n.砖土建筑；砖石 | |
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150
limestone
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| n.石灰石 | |
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