The theologian becomes pope, and has not only his theological valets, cooks, singers, chamberlains, physicians, surgeons, sweepers, agnus dei makers2, confectioners, and preachers, but also his poet. I know not what inspired personage was the poet of Leo X., as David was for some time the poet of Saul.
It is surely of all the employments in a great house, that which is the most useless. The kings of England, who have preserved in their island many of the ancient usages which are lost on the continent, have their official poet. He is obliged once a year to make an ode in praise of St. Cecilia, who played so marvellously on the organ or psalterium that an angel descended3 from the ninth heaven to listen to her more conveniently — the harmony of the psaltery, in ascending4 from this place to the land of angels, necessarily losing a small portion of its volume.
Moses is the first poet that we know of; but it is thought that before him the Chald?ans, the Syrians, and the Indians practised poetry, since they possessed5 music. Nevertheless, the fine canticle which Moses chanted with his sister Miriam, when they came out of the Red Sea, is the most ancient poetical6 monument in hexameter verse that we possess. I am not of the opinion of those impious and ignorant rogues7, Newton, Le Clerc, and others, who prove that all this was written about eight hundred years after the event, and who insolently8 maintain that Moses could not write in Hebrew, since Hebrew is only a comparatively modern dialect of the Ph?nician, of which Moses could know nothing at all. I examine not with the learned Huet how Moses was able to sing so well, who stammered9 and could not speak.
If we listened to many of these authors, Moses would be less ancient than Orpheus, Mus?us, Homer, and Hesiod. We perceive at the first glance the absurdity10 of this opinion; as if a Greek could be an ancient as a Jew!
Neither will I reply to those impertinent persons who suspect that Moses is only an imaginary personage, a fabulous11 imitation of the fable12 of the ancient Bacchus; and that all the prodigies13 of Bacchus, since attributed to Moses, were sung in orgies before it was known that Jews existed in the world. This idea refutes itself; it is obvious to good sense that it is impossible that Bacchus could have existed before Moses.
We have still, however, an excellent Jewish poet undeniably anterior14 to Horace — King David; and we know well how infinitely15 superior the “Miserere,” is to the “Justum ac tenacem propositi virum.” But what is most astonishing, legislators and kings have been our earliest poets. We find even at present people so good as to become poets for kings. Virgil indeed had not the office of poet to Augustus, nor Lucan that of poet to Nero; but I confess that it would have debased the profession not a little to make gods of either the one or the other.
It is asked, why poetry, being so unnecessary to the world, occupies so high a rank among the fine arts? The same question may be put with regard to music. Poetry is the music of the soul, and above all of great and of feeling souls. One merit of poetry few persons will deny; it says more and in fewer words than prose. Who was ever able to translate the following Latin words with the brevity with which they came from the brain of the poet: “Vive memor lethi, fugit hora, hoc quod loquor inde est?”
I speak not of the other charms of poetry, as they are well known; but I insist upon the grand precept16 of Horace, “Sapere est principium et fons.” There can be no great poetry without great wisdom; but how connect this wisdom with enthusiasm, like C?sar, who formed his plan of battle with circumspection17, and fought with all possible ardor18?
There have no doubt been ignorant poets, but then they have been bad poets. A man acquainted only with dactyls and spondees, and with a head full of rhymes, is rarely a man of sense; but Virgil is endowed with superior reason.
Lucretius, in common with all the ancients, was miserably19 ignorant of physical laws, a knowledge of which is not to be acquired by wit. It is a knowledge which is only to be obtained by instruments, which in his time had not been invented. Glasses are necessary — microscopes, pneumatic machines, barometers20, etc., to have even a distant idea of the operations of nature.
Descartes knew little more than Lucretius, when his keys opened the sanctuary21; and an hundred times more of the path has been trodden from the time of Galileo, who was better instructed physically22 than Descartes, to the present day, than from the first Hermes to Lucretius.
All ancient physics are absurd: it was not thus with the philosophy of mind, and that good sense which, assisted by strength of intellect, can acutely balance between doubts and appearances. This is the chief merit of Lucretius; his third book is a masterpiece of reasoning. He argues like Cicero, and expresses himself like Virgil; and it must be confessed that when our illustrious Polignac attacked his third book, he refuted it only like a cardinal23.
When I say, that Lucretius reasons in his third book like an able metaphysician, I do not say that he was right. We may argue very soundly, and deceive ourselves, if not instructed by revelation. Lucretius was not a Jew, and we know that Jews alone were in the right in the days of Cicero, of Posidonius, of C?sar, and of Cato. Lastly, under Tiberius, the Jews were no longer in the right, and common sense was possessed by the Christians24 exclusively.
Thus it was impossible that Lucretius, Cicero, and C?sar could be anything but imbecile, in comparison with the Jews and ourselves; but it must be allowed that in the eyes of the rest of the world they were very great men. I allow that Lucretius killed himself, as also did Cato, Cassius, and Brutus, but they might very well kill themselves, and still reason like men of intellect during their lives.
In every author let us distinguish the man from his works. Racine wrote like Virgil, but he became Jansenist through weakness, and he died in consequence of weakness equally great — because a man in passing through a gallery did not bestow25 a look upon him. I am very sorry for all this; but the part of Ph?dra is not therefore the less admirable.
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1
prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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makers
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| n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式） | |
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descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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poetical
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| adj.似诗人的；诗一般的；韵文的；富有诗意的 | |
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7
rogues
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| n.流氓( rogue的名词复数 )；无赖；调皮捣蛋的人；离群的野兽 | |
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8
insolently
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| adv.自豪地，自傲地 | |
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stammered
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| v.结巴地说出( stammer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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absurdity
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| n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 | |
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fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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12
fable
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| n.寓言；童话；神话 | |
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13
prodigies
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| n.奇才，天才（尤指神童）( prodigy的名词复数 ) | |
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anterior
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| adj.较早的；在前的 | |
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15
infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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precept
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| n.戒律；格言 | |
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circumspection
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| n.细心，慎重 | |
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ardor
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| n.热情，狂热 | |
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19
miserably
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| adv.痛苦地；悲惨地；糟糕地；极度地 | |
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barometers
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| 气压计，晴雨表( barometer的名词复数 ) | |
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sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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25
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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