‘The Spleen’
‘He rushes at life and exhausts the passions.’
— Prince Viazemski
I
“My uncle’s goodness is extreme,
If seriously he hath disease;
And nothing more important sees;
But what a nuisance it will be,
Chained to his bedside night and day
Without a chance to slip away.
Ye need dissimulation6 base
Beneath his head the pillow smooth,
And physic bring with mournful face,
When will the devil take his own!”
II
Inheritor of all his race.
Friends of Liudmila and Ruslan,1
Let me present ye to the man,
Who without more prevarication14
Oneguine, O my gentle readers,
Was born beside the Neva, where
It may be ye were born, or there
Have shone as one of fashion’s leaders.
I also wandered there of old,
But cannot stand the northern cold.2
1 Ruslan and Liudmila, the title of Pushkin’s first important work, written 1817–20. It is a tale relating the adventures of the knight-errant Ruslan in search of his fair lady Liudmila, who has been carried off by a kaldoon, or magician.
2 Written in Bessarabia.
III
Having performed his service truly,
Deep into debt his father ran;
Three balls a year he gave ye duly,
At last became a ruined man.
But Eugene was by fate preserved,
For first “madame” his wants observed,
And then “monsieur” supplied her place;3
The boy was wild but full of grace.
“Monsieur l’Abbe,” a starving Gaul,
Fearing his pupil to annoy,
Instructed jestingly the boy,
Morality taught scarce at all;
And in the Summer Garden rove.
3 In Russia foreign tutors and governesses are commonly styled “monsieur” or “madame.”
IV
When youth’s rebellious20 hour drew near
And my Eugene the path must trace —
The path of hope and tender fear —
Monsieur clean out of doors they chase.
Lo! my Oneguine free as air,
Cropped in the latest style his hair,
Dressed like a London dandy he
The giddy world at last shall see.
Danced the mazurka gracefully24,
Without the least constraint25 he bowed.
What more’s required? The world replies,
He is a charming youth and wise.
V
We all of us of education
A something somehow have obtained,
Thus, praised be God! a reputation
Oneguine was — so many deemed
[Unerring critics self-esteemed],
In truth he had the happy trick
Without constraint in conversation
Silent, oracular ye’d see him
Amid a serious disputation,
Then suddenly discharge a joke
The ladies’ laughter to provoke.
VI
But if the truth I must relate,
With “vale” finish off a note;
Of the Aeneid, but incorrect.
In history he took no pleasure,
The dusty chronicles of earth
For him were but of little worth,
Within his memory there lay,
From Romulus unto our day.
VII
Existence would not make a curse,
Knew not an iamb from a choree,
Although we read him heaps of verse.
But Adam Smith to read appeared,
And at economy was great;
How empires store of wealth unfold,
How flourish, why and wherefore less
If the raw product they possess
The medium is required of gold.
The father scarcely understands
His son and mortgages his lands.
VIII
But upon all that Eugene knew
I have no leisure here to dwell,
But say he was a genius who
In one thing really did excel.
It occupied him from a boy,
It whiled his idle hours away
And wholly occupied his day —
The amatory science warm,
Which Ovid once immortalized,
Laid down his life of sun and storm
Far from his Italy — his own.4
4 Referring to Tomi, the reputed place of exile of Ovid. Pushkin, then residing in Bessarabia, was in the same predicament as his predecessor42 in song, though he certainly did not plead guilty to the fact, since he remarks in his ode to Ovid:
?With self, society, existence, discontent,
?I visit in these days, with melancholy44 mind,
?The country whereunto a mournful age thee sent.
?“Perdiderint quum me duo crimina, carmen et error,
?Alterius facti culpa silenda mihi est.”
???????Ovidii Nasonis Tristium, lib. ii. 207.
IX
How soon he learnt deception’s art,
False confidence or doubt to impart,
Sombre or glad in turn to be,
Obsequious51 or indifferent!
How full of fire his speech would glow!
How artless was the note which spoke
Of love again, and yet again;
How bright and tender was his look,
Modest yet daring! And a tear
Would at the proper time appear.
X
How well he played the greenhorn’s part
To cheat the inexperienced fair,
Sometimes by pleasing flattery’s art,
Sometimes by ready-made despair;
Conquer by passion and address,
Follow up love — a secret meeting
Arrange without the least delay —
Lessons to give he understood!
XI
Desirous to annihilate64
His own antagonists65 expert,
But ye, O happy husbands, ye
With him were friends eternally:
By Faublas in his youth was schooled,5
And the suspicious veteran old,
Who floats contentedly72 through life,
Proud of his dinners and his wife!
5 Les Aventures du Chevalier de Faublas, a romance of a loose character by Jean Baptiste Louvet de Couvray, b. 1760, d. 1797, famous for his bold oration73 denouncing Robespierre, Marat and Danton.
XII
One morn whilst yet in bed he lay,
His valet brings him letters three.
What, invitations? The same day
As many entertainments be!
A ball here, there a children’s treat,
Whither shall my rapscallion flit?
Whither shall he go first? He’ll see,
Perchance he will to all the three.
Meantime in matutinal dress
And hat surnamed a “Bolivar”6
He hies unto the “Boulevard,”
To loiter there in idleness
Announcing to him dinner-time.
7 M. Breguet, a celebrated76 Parisian watchmaker — hence a slang term for a watch.
XIII
’Tis dark. He seats him in a sleigh,
His furs are powdered on the way
By the fine silver of the north.
He knows Kaverine will repair.9
Before him red roast beef is seen
And truffles, dear to youthful eyes,
And Limburg cheese alive and old
Is seen next pine-apples of gold.
8 Talon, a famous St. Petersburg restaurateur.
9 Paul Petrovitch Kaverine, a friend for whom Pushkin in his youth appears to have entertained great respect and admiration83. He was an officer in the Hussars of the Guard, and a noted84 “dandy” and man about town. The poet on one occasion addressed the following impromptu85 to his friend’s portrait:
“Within him daily see the the fires of punch and war,
A faithful friend to friends, of ladies torturer,
??????But ever the Hussar.”
XIV
Of the commencement of the piece.
A slave of actresses capricious,
Oneguine was a citizen
To the theatre he repairs
Where each young critic ready stands,
Moina recalls for this alone
That all may hear his voice’s tone.
XV
Von Wisine, friend of liberty,
And Kniajnine, apt at copying.
The young Simeonova too there
Applause, the people’s donative.
There our Katenine did revive
There Didelot became glorious,
There, there, beneath the side-scene’s shade
The drama of my youth was played.10
10 Denis Von Wisine (1741–92), a favourite Russian dramatist. His first comedy “The Brigadier,” procured101 him the favour of the second Catherine. His best, however, is the “Minor” (Niedorosl). Prince Potemkin, after witnessing it, summoned the author, and greeted him with the exclamation102, “Die now, Denis!” In fact, his subsequent performances were not of equal merit.
Jacob Borissovitch Kniajnine (1742–91), a clever adapter of French tragedy.
Simeonova, a celebrated tragic103 actress, who retired104 from the stage in early life and married a Prince Gagarine.
Ozeroff, one of the best-known Russian dramatists of the period; he possessed105 more originality106 than Kniajnine. “Oedipus in Athens,” “Fingal,” “Demetrius Donskoi,” and “Polyxena,” are the best known of his tragedies.
Katenine translated Corneille’s tragedies into Russian.
Didelot, sometime Director of the ballet at the Opera at St. Petersburg.
XVI
My goddesses, where are your shades?
Do ye not hear my mournful sighs?
Are ye replaced by other maids
Shall I your chorus hear anew,
Russia’s Terpsichore review
Again in her ethereal dance?
Or will my melancholy glance
On the dull stage find all things changed,
The disenchanted glass direct
Where I can no more recollect? —
In silence shall I sit and yawn
And dream of life’s delightful109 dawn?
XVII
On pit, stalls, boxes, brightly blaze,
Impatiently the gallery stamps,
The curtain now they slowly raise.
Brilliant, ethereal, there springs
Forth from the crowd of nymphs surrounding
Istomina(*) the nimbly-bounding;
With one foot resting on its tip
Slow circling round its fellow swings
And now she skips and now she springs
Like down from Aeolus’s lip,
And beats with rapid foot the floor.
*Istomina — A celebrated Circassian dancer of the day, with whom the poet in his extreme youth imagined himself in love.
XVIII
Shouts of applause! Oneguine passes
Between the stalls, along the toes;
Seated, a curious look with glasses
On unknown female forms he throws.
Free scope he yields unto his glance,
Reviews both dress and countenance113,
With all dissatisfaction shows.
To male acquaintances he bows,
Upon the stage his weary glance.
Exclaiming, “We must change ’em all!
I long by ballets have been bored,
Now Didelot scarce can be endured!”
XIX
Snakes, satyrs, loves with many a shout
Across the stage still madly sweep,
Whilst the tired serving-men without
Wrapped in their sheepskins soundly sleep.
Still the loud stamping doth not cease,
Still they blow noses, cough, and sneeze,
Still everywhere, without, within,
The lamps illuminating116 shine;
The steed benumbed still pawing stands
And of the irksome harness tires,
And still the coachmen round the fires11
Abuse their masters, rub their hands:
But Eugene long hath left the press
To array himself in evening dress.
11 In Russia large fires are lighted in winter time in front of the theatres for the benefit of the menials, who, considering the state of the thermometer, cannot be said to have a jovial117 time of it. But in this, as in other cases, “habit” alleviates118 their lot, and they bear the cold with a wonderful equanimity119.
XX
Wherein the child of fashion strict
Dressed him, undressed, and dressed again?
All that industrial London brings
For tallow, wood and other things
Across the Baltic’s salt sea waves,
All which in Paris eager taste,
Choosing a profitable trade,
For our amusement ever made
And ease and fashionable waste —
Philosopher just turned eighteen.
XXI
China and bronze the tables weight,
And, joy of souls effeminate,
Combs of all sizes, files of steel,
Scissors both straight and curved as well,
Of thirty different sorts, lo! brushes
Both for the nails and for the tushes.
Rousseau, I would remark in passing,12
Could not conceive how serious Grimm
The friend of liberty and laws
In this case quite mistaken was.
12 “Tout le monde sut qu’il (Grimm) mettait du blanc; et moi, qui n’en croyait rien, je commencai de le croire, non seulement par3 l’embellissement de son teint, et pour avoir trouve des tasses de blanc sur la toilette, mais sur ce qu’entrant un matin dans sa chambre, je le trouvais brossant ses ongles avec une petite vergette faite expres, ouvrage qu’il continua fierement devant moi. Je jugeai qu’un homme qui passe deux heures tous les matins a brosser ses ongles peut bien passer quelques instants a remplir de blanc les creux de sa peau.”
— Confessions131 de J. J. Rousseau
XXII
The most industrious132 man alive
May yet be studious of his nails;
What boots it with the age to strive?
Custom the despot soon prevails.
A new Kaverine Eugene mine,
Was that which we are wont to call
A fop, in dress pedantical.
Three mortal hours per diem he
Would loiter by the looking-glass,
And from his dressing-room would pass
Like Venus when, capriciously,
The goddess would a masquerade
XXIII
On this artistical retreat
I might to connoisseurs136 repeat
The style in which my hero dressed;
Though I confess I hardly dare
Describe in detail the affair,
Since words like pantaloons, vest, coat,
To Russ indigenous137 are not;
And also that my feeble verse —
Pardon I ask for such a sin —
With words of foreign origin
Too much I’m given to intersperse138,
Though to the Academy I come
And oft its Dictionary thumb.13
13 Refers to Dictionary of the Academy, compiled during the reign19 of Catherine II under the supervision139 of Lomonossoff.
XXIV
But such is not my project now,
So let us to the ball-room haste,
Whither at headlong speed doth go
Eugene in hackney carriage placed.
Past darkened windows and long streets
Of slumbering141 citizens he fleets,
Till carriage lamps, a double row,
By many a lamp illuminate147,
And through the lofty windows views
And also fashionable beaux.
XXV
Our hero stops and doth alight,
Flies past the porter to the stair,
But, ere he mounts the marble flight,
With hurried hand smooths down his hair.
He enters: in the hall a crowd,
No more the music thunders loud,
Some a mazurka occupies,
Crushing and a confusing noise;
Spurs of the Cavalier Guard clash,
And following them ye might espy
Full many a glance like lightning flash,
And by the fiddle’s rushing sound
The voice of jealousy is drowned.
XXVI
In my young days of wild delight
On balls I madly used to dote,
Fond declarations they invite
Or the delivery of a note.
I would your vigilance arouse,
Attentive be unto my rhymes
And due precautions take betimes.
Ye mothers also, caution use,
Upon your daughters keep an eye,
Employ your glasses constantly,
For otherwise — God only knows!
I lift a warning voice because
I long have ceased to offend the laws.
XXVII
I’ve wasted in amusements vain,
Should dearly like a dance again.
I love its furious delight,
The crowd and merriment and light,
The ladies, their fantastic dress,
Also their feet — yet ne’ertheless
Scarcely in Russia can ye find
Three pairs of handsome female feet;
Ah! I still struggle to forget
Their memory lingers still and seems
XXVIII
When, where, and in what desert land,
Do ye of spring the blossoms graze?
Lapped in your Eastern luxury,
No trace ye left in passing by
I once forgot for your sweet cause
The thirst for fame and man’s applause,
My country and an exile’s lot;
As your light footprints on the green.
XXIX
Are admirable, my dear friend,
Charms more enduring in the end.
For promises her feet reveal
Their privileged allurements164 fire
A hidden train of wild desire.
I love them, O my dear Elvine,14
Beneath the table-cloth of white,
In winter on the fender bright,
In springtime on the meadows green,
Upon the ball-room’s glassy floor
Or by the ocean’s rocky shore.
14 Elvine, or Elvina, was not improbably the owner of the seductive feet apostrophized by the poet, since, in 1816, he wrote an ode, “To Her,” which commences thus:
“Elvina, my dear, come, give me thine hand,” and so forth.
XXX
Beside the stormy sea one day
I envied sore the billows tall,
Enamoured at her feet to fall.
How like the billow I desired
To kiss the feet which I admired!
No, never in the early blaze
A young Armida’s lips to press,
Or bosom full of languid fire —
XXXI
Another time, so willed it Fate,
Immersed in secret thought I stand
And grasp a stirrup fortunate —
Her foot was in my other hand.
Again imagination blazed,
The contact of the foot I raised
The fires of passion and its smart —
Away! and cease to ring their praise
For ever with thy tattling lyre,
The proud ones are not worth the fire
Of passion they so often raise.
The words and looks of charmers sweet
XXXII
Where is Oneguine? Half asleep,
Straight from the ball to bed he goes,
The drum already doth arouse.
The shopman and the pedlar rise
In column blue the smoke doth rise;
His shop, a night-cap on his head,
And pauses oft to serve out bread.
15 i.e. the milkmaid from the Okhta villages, a suburb of St. Petersburg on the right bank of the Neva chiefly inhabited by the labouring classes.
XXXIII
But turning morning into night,
Sleep in the shadowy couch enjoys,
Late in the afternoon to rise,
When the same life before him lies
Till morn — life uniform but gay,
To-morrow just like yesterday.
But was our friend Eugene content,
Free, in the blossom of his spring,
Amidst successes flattering
And pleasure’s daily blandishment,
Was he in health and void of care? —
XXXIV
Hateful the hollow world became,
By love’s inevitable185 flame.
For treachery had done its worst;
Friendship and friends he likewise curst,
Because he could not gourmandise
Daily beefsteaks and Strasbourg pies
Whene’er he had an aching head;
He finally lost all delight
In bullets, sabres, and in fight.
XXXV
It now to investigate is time,
Was nothing but the British spleen
Transported to our Russian clime.
It gradually possessed his mind;
Though, God be praised! he ne’er designed
Indifferent he became to all,
And like Childe Harold gloomily
He to the festival repairs,
Nor boston nor the world’s affairs
Impressed him in the least degree —
XXXVI
Ye miracles of courtly grace,
He left you first, and I must own
The manners of the highest class
Have latterly vexatious grown;
And though perchance a lady may
Yet as a rule their talk I call
Harmless, but quite nonsensical.
So inaccessible199 to men,
Their looks alone produce the spleen.16
16 Apropos200 of this somewhat ungallant sentiment, a Russian scholiast remarks:—“The whole of this ironical201 stanza202 is but a refined eulogy203 of the excellent qualities of our countrywomen. Thus Boileau, in the guise204 of invective205, eulogizes Louis XIV. Russian ladies unite in their persons great acquirements, combined with amiability206 and strict morality; also a species of Oriental charm which so much captivated Madame de Stael.” It will occur to most that the apologist of the Russian fair “doth protest too much.” The poet in all probability wrote the offending stanza in a fit of Byronic “spleen,” as he would most likely himself have called it. Indeed, since Byron, poets of his school seem to assume this virtue if they have it not, and we take their utterances207 under its influence for what they are worth.
XXXVII
And you, my youthful damsels fair,
Whom latterly one often meets
Urging your droshkies swift as air
Along Saint Petersburg’s paved streets,
From you too Eugene took to flight,
Abandoning insane delight,
Yawning betook him to a pen.
He thought to write, but labour long
Inspired him with disgust and so
And thus he never fell among
That vicious set whom I don’t blame —
Because a member I became.
XXXVIII
Once more to idleness consigned,
He felt the laudable desire
The wit of others to acquire.
A case of books he doth obtain —
This nonsense, that dishonest seems,
This wicked, that absurd he deems,
Books he abandoned like the fair,
His book-shelf instantly doth drape
With taffety instead of crape.
XXXIX
Like him renouncing217 vanity,
His friendship I acquired just then;
His character attracted me.
Original imagination,
And cool sagacious mind he had:
Both were of passion satiate
And both of dull existence tired,
Extinct the flame which once had fired;
Both were expectant of the hate
With which blind Fortune oft betrays
The very morning of our days.
XL
He who hath lived and living, thinks,
Must e’en despise his kind at last;
He who hath suffered ofttimes shrinks
From shades of the relentless221 past.
No fond illusions live to soothe,
But memory like a serpent’s tooth
All this in many cases brings
A charm with it in conversation.
To the sarcastic observation,
And gloomy epigrams malicious.
XLI
How oft, when on a summer night
Transparent228 o’er the Neva beamed
No more with pale Diana’s rays,17
We called to mind our youthful days —
The days of love and of romance!
Impressionable for an hour,
And breathe the balmy breath of night;
And like the prisoner’s our delight
Who for the greenwood quits his tower,
As on the rapid wings of thought
The early days of life we sought.
XLII
Absorbed in melancholy mood
Oneguine meditative235 stood,
E’en as the poet says he leant.18
’Tis silent all! Alone the cries
Of the night sentinels arise
And from the Millionaya afar19
Lo! on the sleeping river borne,
And now we hear delightedly
A jolly song and distant horn;
But sweeter in a midnight dream
Torquato Tasso’s strains I deem.
18 Refers to Mouravieff’s “Goddess of the Neva.” At St. Petersburg the banks of the Neva are lined throughout with splendid granite quays238.
19 A street running parallel to the Neva, and leading from the Winter Palace to the Summer Palace and Garden.
XLIII
Ye billows of blue Hadria’s sea,
O Brenta, once more we shall meet
And, inspiration firing me,
Your magic voices I shall greet,
Whose tones Apollo’s sons inspire,
And after Albion’s proud lyre 20
Possess my love and sympathy.
The nights of golden Italy
I’ll pass beneath the firmament,
Hid in the gondola’s dark shade,
Alone with my Venetian maid,
From her my lips shall learn the tongue
Of love which whilom Petrarch sung.
20 The strong influence exercised by Byron’s genius on the imagination of Pushkin is well known. Shakespeare and other English dramatists had also their share in influencing his mind, which, at all events in its earlier developments, was of an essentially240 imitative type. As an example of his Shakespearian tastes, see his poem of “Angelo,” founded upon “Measure for Measure.”
XLIV
When will my hour of freedom come!
Awaiting on the shore I roam
Upon the highway of the sea
When shall I wing my passage free
’Tis time to quit this weary shore
So uncongenial to my mind,
To dream upon the sunny strand
Of Africa, ancestral land,21
Of dreary Russia left behind,
Wherein I buried left my heart.
21 The poet was, on his mother’s side, of African extraction, a circumstance which perhaps accounts for the southern fervour of his imagination. His great-grandfather, Abraham Petrovitch Hannibal, was seized on the coast of Africa when eight years of age by a corsair, and carried a slave to Constantinople. The Russian Ambassador bought and presented him to Peter the Great who caused him to be baptized at Vilnius. Subsequently one of Hannibal’s brothers made his way to Constantinople and thence to St. Petersburg for the purpose of ransoming246 him; but Peter would not surrender his godson who died at the age of ninety-two, having attained the rank of general in the Russian service.
XLV
Eugene designed with me to start
And visit many a foreign clime,
But Fortune cast our lots apart
For a protracted247 space of time.
Just at that time his father died,
And soon Oneguine’s door beside
Their claims and explanations shout.
But Eugene, hating litigation
And with his lot in life content,
To a surrender gave consent,
Seeing in this no deprivation249,
Or counting on his uncle’s death
And what the old man might bequeath.
XLVI
And in reality one day
How sick to death his uncle lay
And wished to say to him farewell.
Having this mournful document
And hastened to his uncle’s side,
But in his heart dissatisfied,
Having for money’s sake alone
Thus we began our little tale —
But, to his uncle’s mansion flown,
He found him on the table laid,
A due which must to earth be paid.
XLVII
The courtyard full of serfs he sees,
And from the country all around
Had come both friends and enemies —
The body they consigned to rest,
And then made merry pope and guest,
With serious air then went away
As men who much had done that day.
Lo! my Oneguine rural lord!
Of mines and meadows, woods and lakes,
He now a full possession takes,
He who economy abhorred,
Delighted much his former ways
To vary for a few brief days.
XLVIII
For two whole days it seemed a change
To wander through the meadows still,
And the conviction soon arose,
Though without palaces and streets,
On him spleen mounted sentinel
And like his shadow dogged his life,
Or better — like a faithful wife.
XLIX
I was for calm existence made,
For rural solitude and dreams,
My lyre sings sweeter in the shade
On innocent delights I dote,
Upon my lake I love to float,
For law I far niente take
And every morning I awake
I slumber much, a little read,
Of fleeting glory take no heed.
In former years thus did not I
The happiest days of life employ?
L
Love, flowers, the country, idleness
And fields my joys have ever been;
I like the difference to express
Between myself and my Eugene,
Lest the malicious reader or
Some one or other editor
Of keen sarcastic intellect
Herein my portrait should detect,
And impiously should declare,
As if impossible it were
To write of any other elf
Than one’s own fascinating self.
LI
Here I remark all poets are
Love to idealize inclined;
I have dreamed many a vision fair
Retained the image, though short-lived,
Which afterwards the muse revived.
Mine own ideal, the mountain maid,
The captives of the Salguir’s shore.22
But now a question in this wise
Oft upon friendly lips doth rise:
22 Refers to two of the most interesting productions of the poet. The former line indicates the Prisoner of the Caucasus, the latter, The Fountain of Baktchiserai. The Salguir is a river of the Crimea.
LII
Whose glance reflecting inspiration
With tenderness hath recognized
Thy meditative incantation —
Whom hath thy strain immortalized?
None, be my witness Heaven above!
The malady of hopeless love
Happy who thereto can unite
A double force unto their song
Who following Petrarch move along
And ease the tortures of the heart —
But I, in love, was mute and dull.
LIII
The Muse appeared, when love passed by
And my dark soul to light was brought;
Free, I renewed the idolatry
Of harmony enshrining thought.
Nor doth my absent pen portray
Young ladies’ faces and their feet.
Extinguished ashes do not blaze —
I mourn, but tears I cannot shed —
Soon, of the tempest which hath fled
When that time comes, a poem I’ll strive
To write in cantos twenty-five.
LIV
I’ve thought well o’er the general plan,
The hero’s name too in advance,
Meantime I’ll finish whilst I can
Canto the First of this romance.
I’ve scanned it with a jealous eye,
But will not modify a tittle —
I owe the censorship a little.
For journalistic deglutition
I yield the fruit of work severe.
Go, on the Neva’s bank appear,
My very latest composition!
Misunderstanding, words and blows.
End of Canto the First
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| v.想，考虑，（尤指宗教上的）沉思，冥想 | |
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9
lone
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| adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的 | |
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10
muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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mused
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的过去式和过去分词 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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12
postal
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| adj.邮政的，邮局的 | |
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13
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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14
prevarication
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| n.支吾；搪塞；说谎；有枝有叶 | |
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15
narration
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| n.讲述，叙述；故事；记叙体 | |
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16
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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17
pranks
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| n.玩笑，恶作剧( prank的名词复数 ) | |
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18
den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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19
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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20
rebellious
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| adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的 | |
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21
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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22
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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23
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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24
gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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25
constraint
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| n.(on)约束，限制；限制(或约束)性的事物 | |
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26
plies
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的第三人称单数 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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27
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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28
pedantic
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|
| adj.卖弄学问的；迂腐的 | |
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29
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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30
Vogue
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| n.时髦，时尚；adj.流行的 | |
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31
rogue
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| n.流氓；v.游手好闲 | |
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32
quotation
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| n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情 | |
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33
spout
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| v.喷出，涌出；滔滔不绝地讲；n.喷管；水柱 | |
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34
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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35
anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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36
rascal
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| n.流氓；不诚实的人 | |
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37
jeered
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| v.嘲笑( jeer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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38
elucidate
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| v.阐明，说明 | |
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39
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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40
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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41
agonized
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| v.使（极度）痛苦，折磨( agonize的过去式和过去分词 )；苦斗；苦苦思索；感到极度痛苦 | |
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42
predecessor
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| n.前辈，前任 | |
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43
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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44
melancholy
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|
| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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45
enumerates
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| v.列举，枚举，数( enumerate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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46
banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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47
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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48
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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49
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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50
subservient
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| adj.卑屈的，阿谀的 | |
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51
obsequious
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| adj.谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的 | |
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52
languor
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| n.无精力，倦怠 | |
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53
deftly
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| adv.灵巧地，熟练地，敏捷地 | |
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54
feign
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| vt.假装，佯作 | |
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55
espy
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| v.（从远处等）突然看到 | |
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56
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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57
caress
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| vt./n.爱抚，抚摸 | |
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58
avowal
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| n.公开宣称，坦白承认 | |
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59
attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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60
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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61
titillate
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| v.挑逗；使兴奋 | |
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62
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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63
flirt
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| v.调情，挑逗，调戏；n.调情者，卖俏者 | |
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64
annihilate
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| v.使无效；毁灭；取消 | |
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65
antagonists
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| 对立[对抗] 者，对手，敌手( antagonist的名词复数 )； 对抗肌； 对抗药 | |
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66
malign
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| adj.有害的；恶性的；恶意的；v.诽谤，诬蔑 | |
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67
snare
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| n.陷阱，诱惑，圈套；（去除息肉或者肿瘤的）勒除器；响弦，小军鼓；vt.以陷阱捕获，诱惑 | |
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68
crafty
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| adj.狡猾的，诡诈的 | |
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69
spouse
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| n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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70
caressed
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| 爱抚或抚摸…( caress的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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72
contentedly
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| adv.心满意足地 | |
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73
oration
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| n.演说，致辞，叙述法 | |
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74
sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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75
Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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76
celebrated
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|
| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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77
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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78
talon
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| n.爪；（如爪般的）手指；爪状物 | |
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79
cork
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| n.软木，软木塞 | |
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80
champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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81
foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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82
cuisine
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| n.烹调，烹饪法 | |
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83
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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84
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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85
impromptu
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| adj.即席的，即兴的；adv.即兴的(地)，无准备的(地) | |
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86
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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87
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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88
draughts
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| n. <英>国际跳棋 | |
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89
seething
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| 沸腾的，火热的 | |
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90
sonorous
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|
| adj.响亮的，回响的；adv.圆润低沉地；感人地；n.感人，堂皇 | |
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91
malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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92
domains
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| n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产 | |
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93
capers
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| n.开玩笑( caper的名词复数 )；刺山柑v.跳跃，雀跃( caper的第三人称单数 ) | |
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94
hisses
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| 嘶嘶声( hiss的名词复数 ) | |
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95
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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96
pungent
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| adj.（气味、味道）刺激性的，辛辣的；尖锐的 | |
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97
wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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98
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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99
sarcastic
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| adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的 | |
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100
rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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101
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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102
exclamation
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| n.感叹号，惊呼，惊叹词 | |
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103
tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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104
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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105
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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106
originality
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| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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107
conjure
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| v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法 | |
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108
estranged
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| adj.疏远的，分离的 | |
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109
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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110
crammed
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| adj.塞满的，挤满的；大口地吃；快速贪婪地吃v.把…塞满；填入；临时抱佛脚( cram的过去式) | |
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111
strings
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| n.弦 | |
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112
lithe
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| adj.(指人、身体)柔软的，易弯的 | |
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113
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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114
deigns
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| v.屈尊，俯就( deign的第三人称单数 ) | |
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115
averts
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| 防止，避免( avert的第三人称单数 )； 转移 | |
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116
illuminating
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| a.富于启发性的，有助阐明的 | |
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117
jovial
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| adj.快乐的，好交际的 | |
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118
alleviates
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| 减轻，缓解，缓和( alleviate的名词复数 ) | |
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119
equanimity
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| n.沉着，镇定 | |
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120
depict
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| vt.描画，描绘；描写，描述 | |
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121
portray
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| v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等) | |
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122
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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123
affluence
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| n.充裕，富足 | |
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124
craves
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| 渴望，热望( crave的第三人称单数 )； 恳求，请求 | |
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125
rave
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| vi.胡言乱语；热衷谈论；n.热情赞扬 | |
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126
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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127
amber
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| n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的 | |
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128
scents
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| n.香水( scent的名词复数 )；气味；（动物的）臭迹；（尤指狗的）嗅觉 | |
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129
cleanse
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| vt.使清洁，使纯洁，清洗 | |
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130
eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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131
confessions
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| n.承认( confession的名词复数 )；自首；声明；（向神父的）忏悔 | |
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132
industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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133
dreading
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| v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的现在分词 ) | |
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134
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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135
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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136
connoisseurs
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| n.鉴赏家，鉴定家，行家( connoisseur的名词复数 ) | |
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137
indigenous
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| adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的 | |
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138
intersperse
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| vt.散布，散置，点缀 | |
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139
supervision
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| n.监督，管理 | |
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140
slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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141
slumbering
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| 微睡，睡眠（slumber的现在分词形式） | |
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142
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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143
iridescent
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| adj.彩虹色的，闪色的 | |
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144
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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145
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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146
mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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147
illuminate
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| vt.照亮，照明；用灯光装饰；说明，阐释 | |
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148
dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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149
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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150
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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151
immoral
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| adj.不道德的，淫荡的，荒淫的，有伤风化的 | |
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152
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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153
agitate
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| vi.(for,against)煽动，鼓动；vt.搅动 | |
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154
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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155
raze
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| vt.铲平，把(城市、房屋等)夷为平地，拆毁 | |
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156
strand
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| vt.使（船）搁浅，使（某人）困于（某地） | |
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157
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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158
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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159
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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160
fleeting
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| adj.短暂的，飞逝的 | |
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161
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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162
bespeaks
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| v.预定( bespeak的第三人称单数 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求 | |
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163
untold
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| adj.数不清的，无数的 | |
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164
allurements
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| n.诱惑( allurement的名词复数 )；吸引；诱惑物；有诱惑力的事物 | |
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165
mead
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| n.蜂蜜酒 | |
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166
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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167
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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168
ardently
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| adv.热心地，热烈地 | |
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169
rosy
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| adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的 | |
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170
gust
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| n.阵风，突然一阵（雨、烟等），（感情的）迸发 | |
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171
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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172
rekindled
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| v.使再燃( rekindle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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173
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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174
deceptive
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| adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的 | |
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175
pitcher
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| n.(有嘴和柄的)大水罐；(棒球)投手 | |
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176
crunching
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|
| v.嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼( crunch的现在分词 )；嘎吱作响；（快速大量地）处理信息；数字捣弄 | |
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177
joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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178
shutters
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| 百叶窗( shutter的名词复数 )； （照相机的）快门 | |
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179
baker
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| n.面包师 | |
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180
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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181
votary
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| n.崇拜者；爱好者；adj.誓约的，立誓任圣职的 | |
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182
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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183
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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184
agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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185
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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186
irrigate
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| vt.灌溉，修水利，冲洗伤口，使潮湿 | |
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187
slander
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| n./v.诽谤，污蔑 | |
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188
plucky
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| adj.勇敢的 | |
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189
malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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190
slay
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| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
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191
amorous
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| adj.多情的；有关爱情的 | |
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192
callous
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| adj.无情的，冷淡的，硬结的，起老茧的 | |
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193
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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194
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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195
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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196
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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197
circumspect
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| adj.慎重的，谨慎的 | |
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198
devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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199
inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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200
apropos
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| adv.恰好地；adj.恰当的；关于 | |
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201
ironical
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|
| adj.讽刺的，冷嘲的 | |
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202
stanza
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| n.（诗）节，段 | |
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203
eulogy
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| n.颂词；颂扬 | |
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204
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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205
invective
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|
| n.痛骂，恶意抨击 | |
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206
amiability
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| n.和蔼可亲的，亲切的，友善的 | |
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207
utterances
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| n.发声( utterance的名词复数 )；说话方式；语调；言论 | |
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208
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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209
nought
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| n.／adj.无，零 | |
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210
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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211
vacuity
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| n.(想象力等)贫乏，无聊，空白 | |
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212
random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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213
constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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214
fetters
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| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
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215
antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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216
abjured
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| v.发誓放弃( abjure的过去式和过去分词 )；郑重放弃（意见）；宣布撤回（声明等）；避免 | |
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217
renouncing
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|
| v.声明放弃( renounce的现在分词 )；宣布放弃；宣布与…决裂；宣布摒弃 | |
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218
innate
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| adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的 | |
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219
meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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220
incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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221
relentless
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|
| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
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222
repentance
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| n.懊悔 | |
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223
gnaws
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| 咬( gnaw的第三人称单数 )； （长时间） 折磨某人； （使）苦恼； （长时间）危害某事物 | |
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224
abhorred
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|
| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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225
inured
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| adj.坚强的，习惯的 | |
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226
witticisms
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| n.妙语，俏皮话( witticism的名词复数 ) | |
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227
taunts
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| 嘲弄的言语，嘲笑，奚落( taunt的名词复数 ) | |
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228
transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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229
firmament
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| n.苍穹；最高层 | |
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230
mellow
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| adj.柔和的；熟透的；v.变柔和；(使)成熟 | |
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231
watery
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|
| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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232
latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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233
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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234
granite
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| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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235
meditative
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| adj.沉思的，冥想的 | |
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236
rattling
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|
| adj. 格格作响的, 活泼的, 很好的 adv. 极其, 很, 非常 动词rattle的现在分词 | |
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237
oar
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| n.桨，橹，划手；v.划行 | |
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238
quays
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| 码头( quay的名词复数 ) | |
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239
reticent
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| adj.沉默寡言的；言不如意的 | |
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240
essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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241
invoke
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| v.求助于(神、法律)；恳求，乞求 | |
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242
gales
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| 龙猫 | |
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243
beckon
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| v.(以点头或打手势)向...示意，召唤 | |
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244
curdled
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| v.（使）凝结( curdle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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245
dart
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| v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲 | |
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246
ransoming
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| 付赎金救人，赎金( ransom的现在分词 ) | |
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247
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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248
creditors
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| n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 ) | |
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249
deprivation
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| n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困 | |
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250
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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251
perused
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| v.读（某篇文字）( peruse的过去式和过去分词 )；（尤指）细阅；审阅；匆匆读或心不在焉地浏览（某篇文字） | |
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252
counterfeit
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| vt.伪造，仿造；adj.伪造的，假冒的 | |
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253
wail
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| vt./vi.大声哀号，恸哭；呼啸，尖啸 | |
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254
abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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255
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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256
rippling
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| 起涟漪的，潺潺流水般声音的 | |
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257
heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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258
doze
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| v.打瞌睡；n.打盹，假寐 | |
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259
ennui
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| n.怠倦，无聊 | |
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260
routs
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| n.打垮，赶跑( rout的名词复数 )；（体育）打败对方v.打垮，赶跑( rout的第三人称单数 )；（体育）打败对方 | |
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261
teems
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|
| v.充满( teem的第三人称单数 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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262
sloth
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| n.[动]树懒；懒惰，懒散 | |
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263
tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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264
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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265
bard
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| n.吟游诗人 | |
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266
recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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267
portrayed
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| v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 )；描述；描绘；描画 | |
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268
plaintive
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| adj.可怜的，伤心的 | |
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269
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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270
inscribe
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| v.刻；雕；题写；牢记 | |
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271
respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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272
poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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273
laurels
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| n.桂冠，荣誉 | |
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274
cull
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| v.拣选；剔除；n.拣出的东西；剔除 | |
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275
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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276
stanzas
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| 节，段( stanza的名词复数 ) | |
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277
ravages
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| 劫掠后的残迹，破坏的结果，毁坏后的残迹 | |
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278
efface
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| v.擦掉，抹去 | |
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279
absurdity
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| n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 | |
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280
bestows
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的第三人称单数 ) | |
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