The World, or What the Rich LackI am alone on earth, no one deigns1 to think of me. All the people Isee making their fortunes have a brazenness2 and a hard-heartedness which I do not sense in myself. Ah! I shall soon be dead,either of hunger, or from the sorrow of finding men so hard.
YOUNGHe made haste to brush his coat and to go downstairs; he was late. Anunder-master rebuked3 him severely4; instead of seeking to excuse himself, Julien crossed his arms on his breast:
'Peccavi, pater optime (I have sinned, I confess my fault, O Father),' hesaid with a contrite5 air.
This was a most successful beginning. The sharp wits among the seminarists saw that they had to deal with a man who was not new to thegame. The recreation hour came, Julien saw himself the object of generalcuriosity. But they found in him merely reserve and silence. Followingthe maxims7 that he had laid down for himself, he regarded his threehundred and twenty-one comrades as so many enemies; the most dangerous of all in his eyes was the abbe Pirard.
A few days later, Julien had to choose a confessor, he was furnishedwith a list.
'Eh; Great God, for what do they take me?' he said to himself. 'Do theysuppose I can't take a hint?' And he chose the abbe Pirard.
Though he did not suspect it, this step was decisive. A little seminarist,still quite a boy, and a native of Verrieres, who, from the first day, haddeclared himself his friend, informed him that if he had chosen M.
Castanede, the vice8-principal of the Seminary, he would perhaps haveshown greater prudence9.
'The abbe Castanede is the enemy of M. Pirard, who is suspected ofJansenism'; the little seminarist added, whispering this information in hisear.
All the first steps taken by our hero who fancied himself so prudentwere, like his choice of a confessor, foolish in the extreme. Led astray byall the presumption10 of an imaginative man, he mistook his intentions forfacts, and thought himself a consummate11 hypocrite. His folly12 went thelength of his reproaching himself for his successes in this art of the weak.
'Alas13! It is my sole weapon! In another epoch14, it would have been byspeaking actions in the face of the enemy that I should have earned mybread.'
Julien, satisfied with his own conduct, looked around him; he foundeverywhere an appearance of the purest virtue15.
Nine or ten of the seminarists lived in the odour of sanctity, and hadvisions like Saint Teresa and Saint Francis, when he received the Stigmata upon Monte Verna, in the Apennines. But this was a great secretwhich their friends kept to themselves. These poor young visionarieswere almost always in the infirmary. Some hundred others combinedwith a robust16 faith an unwearying application. They worked until theymade themselves ill, but without learning much. Two or three distinguished17 themselves by real talent, and, among these, one named Chazel;but Julien felt himself repelled18 by them, and they by him.
The rest of the three hundred and twenty-one seminarists were composed entirely19 of coarse creatures who were by no means certain thatthey understood the Latin words which they repeated all day long. Almost all of them were the sons of peasants, and preferred to earn theirbread by reciting a few Latin words rather than by tilling the soil. It wasafter making this discovery, in the first few days, that Julien promisedhimself a rapid success. 'In every service, there is need of intelligentpeople, for after all there is work to be done,' he told himself. 'Under Napoleon, I should have been a serjeant; among these future cures, I shallbe a Vicar-General.
'All these poor devils,' he added, 'labourers from the cradle, havelived, until they came here, upon skim milk and black bread. In their cottages, they tasted meat only five or six times in a year. Like the Romansoldiers who found active service a holiday, these boorish20 peasants areenchanted by the luxuries of the Seminary.'
Julien never read anything in their lack-lustre eyes beyond the satisfaction of a bodily need after dinner, and the expectation of a bodily pleasure before the meal. Such were the people among whom he mustdistinguish himself; but what Julien did not know, what they refrainedfrom telling him, was that to be at the top of the various classes ofdogma, church history, etc., etc., which were studied in the Seminary,was nothing more in their eyes than a sin of vainglory. Since Voltaire,since Two Chamber21 government, which is at bottom only distrust andprivate judgment22, and instils23 in the hearts of the people that fatal habit ofwant of confidence, the Church of France seems to have realised that booksare its true enemies. It is heartfelt submission24 that is everything in itseyes. Success in studies, even in sacred studies, is suspect, and with goodreason. What is to prevent the superior man from going over to the otherside, like Sieyes or Gregoire? The trembling Church clings to the Pope asto her sole chance of salvation25. The Pope alone can attempt to paralyseprivate judgment, and, by the pious26 pomps of the ceremonies of hiscourt, make an impression upon the sick and listless minds of men andwomen of the world.
Having half mastered these several truths, which however all thewords uttered in a Seminary tend to deny, Julien fell into a deep melancholy27. He worked hard, and rapidly succeeded in learning things ofgreat value to a priest, entirely false in his eyes, and in which he took nointerest. He imagined that there was nothing else for him to do.
'Am I then forgotten by all the world?' he wondered. He little knewthat M. Pirard had received and had flung in the fire several letters bearing the Dijon postmark, letters in which, despite the most conventionalstyle and language, the most intense passion was apparent. Keen remorse28 seemed to be doing battle with this love. 'So much the better,'
thought the abbe Pirard, 'at least it is not an irreligious woman that thisyoung man has loved.'
One day, the abbe Pirard opened a letter which seemed to be half obliterated29 by tears, it was an eternal farewell. 'At last,' the writer informedJulien, 'heaven has granted me the grace of hating not the author of myfault, he will always be dearer to me than anything in the world, but myfault itself. The sacrifice is made, my friend. It is not without tears, as yousee. The salvation of the beings to whom I am bound, and whom youhave loved so dearly, has prevailed. A just but terrible God can no longerwreak vengeance30 upon them for their mother's crimes. Farewell, Julien,be just towards men.'
This ending to the letter was almost entirely illegible31. The writer gavean address at Dijon, and at the same time hoped that Julien would never reply, or that at least he would confine himself to language which a woman restored to the ways of virtue could read without blushing.
Julien's melancholy, assisted by the indifferent food supplied to theSeminary by the contractor32 for dinners at 83 centimes a head, was beginning to have an effect on his health, when one morning Fouque suddenlyappeared in his room.
'At last I have found my way in. I have come five times to Besancon,honour bound, to see you. Always a barred door. I posted someone atthe gate of the Seminary; why the devil do you never come out?'
'It is a test which I have set myself.'
'I find you greatly altered. At last I see you again. Two good five francpieces have just taught me that I was no better than a fool not to haveoffered them on my first visit.'
The conversation between the friends was endless. Julien changed col-our when Fouque said to him:
'Have you heard, by the way? The mother of your pupils has becomemost devoutly33 religious.'
And he spoke34 with that detached air which makes so singular an impression on the passionate35 soul whose dearest interests the speaker unconsciously destroys.
'Yes, my friend, the most exalted36 strain of piety37. They say that shemakes pilgrimages. But, to the eternal shame of the abbe Maslon, whohas been spying so long upon that poor M. Chelan, Madame de Renalwill have nothing to do with him. She goes to confession38 at Dijon orBesancon.'
'She comes to Besancon!' said Julien, his brow flushing.
'Quite often,' replied Fouque with a questioning air.
'Have you any Constitutionnels on you?'
'What's that you say?' replied Fouque.
'I ask you if you have any Constitutionnels?' Julien repeated, in a calmertone. 'They are sold here for thirty sous a copy.'
'What! Liberals even in the Seminary!' cried Fouque. 'UnhappyFrance!' he went on, copying the hypocritical tone and meek39 accents ofthe abbe Maslon.
This visit would have made a profound impression upon our hero,had not, the very next day, a remark addressed to him by that little seminarist from Verrieres who seemed such a boy, led him to make an important discovery. Ever since he had been in the Seminary, Julien'sconduct had been nothing but a succession of false steps. He laughed bitterly at himself.
As a matter of fact, the important actions of his life were wiselyordered; but he paid no attention to details, and the clever people in aSeminary look only at details. And so he passed already among his fellow students as a free thinker. He had been betrayed by any number oftrifling actions.
In their eyes he was convicted of this appalling40 vice, he thought, hejudged for himself, instead of blindly following authority and example. Theabbe Pirard had been of no assistance to him; he had not once uttered aword to him apart from the tribunal of penitence41, and even there helistened rather than spoke. It would have been very different had Julienchosen the abbe Castanede.
The moment that Julien became aware of his own folly, his interest revived. He wished to know the whole extent of the harm, and, with thisobject, emerged a little from that haughty42 and obstinate43 silence withwhich he repulsed44 his fellows. It was then that they took their revengeon him. His advances were received with a contempt which went thelength of derision. He realised that since his entering the Seminary, notan hour had passed, especially during recreation, that had not bornesome consequence for or against him, had not increased the number ofhis enemies, or won him the good will of some seminarist who wasgenuinely virtuous45 or a trifle less boorish than the rest. The damage to berepaired was immense, the task one of great difficulty. ThenceforwardJulien's attention was constantly on the alert; it was a case of portrayinghimself in an entirely new character.
The control of his eyes, for instance, gave him a great deal of trouble. Itis not without reason that in such places they are kept lowered. 'Whatwas not my presumption at Verrieres!' Julien said to himself, 'I imaginedI was alive; I was only preparing myself for life; here I am at last in theworld, as I shall find it until I have played out my part, surrounded byreal enemies. What an immense difficulty,' he went on, 'is this incessanthypocrisy! It would put the labours of Hercules to shame. The Herculesof modern times is Sixtus V, who for fifteen years on end, by his modesty47, deceived forty Cardinals48, who had seen him proud and vigorous inhis youth.
'So learning is really nothing here!' he told himself with scorn;'progress in dogma, in sacred history, and the rest of it, count only in appearance. All that is said on that topic is intended to make fools likemyself fall into the trap. Alas, my sole merit consisted in my rapid progress, in my faculty49 for grasping all that nonsense. Can it be that in theirhearts they esteem50 it at its true value; judge of it as I do? And I was foolenough to be proud of myself! Those first places in class which I alwaysobtain have served only to give me bitter enemies. Chazel, who knowsfar more than I, always puts into his compositions some piece of stupidity which sends him down to the fiftieth place; if he obtains the first, it iswhen he is not thinking. Ah! one word, a single word from M. Pirard,how useful it would have been to me!'
>
From the moment in which Julien's eyes were opened, the long exercises of ascetic51 piety, such as the Rosary five times weekly, the hymns52 tothe Sacred Heart, etc., etc., which had seemed to him of such deadly dullness, became the most interesting actions of his life. Sternly criticising hisown conduct, and seeking above all not to exaggerate his methods, Juliendid not aspire53 from the first, like the seminarists who served as modelsto the rest, to perform at every moment some significant action, that is tosay one which gave proof of some form of Christian54 perfection. In Seminaries, there is a way of eating a boiled egg which reveals the progressone has made in the godly life.
The reader, who is perhaps smiling, will please to remember all themistakes made, in eating an egg, by the abbe Delille when invited toluncheon by a great lady of the Court of Louis XVI.
Julien sought at first to arrive at the non culpa, to wit, the state of theyoung seminarist whose gait, his way of moving his arms, eyes, etc., donot, it is true, indicate anything worldly, but do not yet show thecreature absorbed by the idea of the next life and the absolute nullity ofthis.
Everywhere Julien found inscribed56 in charcoal57, on the walls of the passages, sentences like the following: 'What are sixty years of trial, set inthe balance with an eternity58 of bliss59 or an eternity of boiling oil in hell!'
He no longer despised them; he realised that he must have them alwaysbefore his eyes. 'What shall I be doing all my life?' he said to himself; 'Ishall be selling the faithful a place in heaven. How is that place to bemade visible to them? By the difference between my exterior60 and that ofa layman61.'
After several months of application kept up at every moment, Julienstill had the air of a thinker. His way of moving his eyes and opening his lips did not reveal an implicit62 faith ready to believe everything and touphold everything, even by martyrdom. It was with anger that Juliensaw himself surpassed in this respect by the most boorish peasants. Theyhad good reasons for not having the air of thinkers.
What pains did he not take to arrive at that expression of blind andfervent faith, which is so frequently to be found in the convents of Italy,and such perfect examples of which Guercino has bequeathed to us laymen63 in his paintings in churches. 4On the greatest festivals the seminarists were given sausages withpickled cabbage. Julien's neighbours at table observed that he remainedunmoved by this good fortune; it was one of his first crimes. His comrades saw in it an odious64 mark of the most stupid hypocrisy46; nothingmade him so many enemies. 'Look at that gentleman, look at that proudfellow,' they would say, 'pretending to despise our best ration65, sausageswith cabbage! The wretched conceit66 of the damned fellow!' He shouldhave refrained as an act of penance67 from eating the whole of his portion,and should have made the sacrifice of saying to some friend, with reference to the pickled cabbage: 'What is there that man can offer to an AllPowerful Being, if it be not voluntary suffering?'
Julien lacked the experience which makes it so easy for us to see thingsof this sort.
'Alas! The ignorance of these young peasants, my comrades, is a greatadvantage to them,' Julien would exclaim in moments of discouragement. 'When they arrive in the Seminary, the teacher has not to rid themof the appalling number of worldly thoughts which I brought with me,and which they read on my face, do what I will.'
Julien studied with an attention that bordered upon envy the moreboorish of the young peasants who arrived at the Seminary. At the moment when they were stripped of their ratteen jackets to be garbed68 in theblack cassock, their education was limited to an immense and unbounded respect for dry and liquid money, as the saying goes in the Franche-Comte.
It is the sacramental and heroic fashion of expressing the sublime69 ideaof ready cash.
Happiness, for these seminarists, as for the heroes of Voltaire's tales,consists first and foremost in dining well. Julien discovered in almost all4.For instance, in the Louvre, no. 1130: 'Francis Duke of Aquitaine laying aside thecrown and putting on a monastic habit.'
of them an innate70 respect for the man who wears a coat of fine cloth. Thissentiment estimates distributive justice, as it is dealt out to us by ourcourts, at its true worth, indeed below its true worth. 'What is to begained,' they would often say among themselves, 'by going to law withthe big?'
'Big' is the word used in the valleys of the Jura to denote a rich man.
One may imagine their respect for the richest party of all: theGovernment!
Not to smile respectfully at the mere6 name of the Prefect is reckoned,among the peasants of the Franche-Comte, an imprudence; and imprudence, among the poor, is promptly71 punished with want of bread.
After having been almost suffocated72 at first by his sense of scorn, Julien ended by feeling pity: it had often been the lot of the fathers of themajority of his comrades to come home on a winter evening to their cottages, and to find there no bread, no chestnuts73, and no potatoes. 'Is it surprising then,' Julien asked himself, 'if the happy man, in their eyes, is firstof all the man who has just eaten a good dinner, and after that he whopossesses a good coat! My comrades have a definite vocation74; that is tosay, they see in the ecclesiastical calling a long continuation of this happiness: dining well and having a warm coat in winter.'
Julien happened to hear a young seminarist, endowed with imagination, say to his companion:
'Why should not I become Pope like Sixtus v, who was a swineherd?'
'They make none but Italians Popes,' replied the friend; 'but they'lldraw lots among us, for sure, to fill places as Vicars-General and Canons,and perhaps Bishops75. M. P—— the Bishop76 of Chalons, is the son of acooper; that is my father's trade.'
One day, in the middle of a lesson in dogma, the abbe Pirard sent forJulien. The poor young fellow was delighted to escape from the physicaland moral atmosphere in which he was plunged77.
Julien found himself greeted by the Director in the manner which hadso frightened him on the day of his joining the Seminary.
'Explain to me what I see written upon this playing card,' he said tohim, looking at him in such a way as to make him wish that the earthwould open and swallow him.
Julien read:
'Amanda Binet, at the Giraffe cafe, before eight o'clock. Say you arefrom Genlis, and a cousin of my mother.'
Julien perceived the immensity of the danger; the abbe Castanede's police had stolen the address from him.
'The day on which I came here,' he replied, gazing at the abbe Pirard'sforehead, for he could not face his terrible eye, 'I was trembling with fear:
M. Chelan had told me that this was a place full of tale-bearing and spiteof all sorts; spying and the accusation78 of one's comrades are encouragedhere. Such is the will of heaven, to show life as it is to young priests, andto inspire in them a disgust with the world and its pomps.'
'And it is to me that you make these fine speeches'—the abbe Pirardwas furious. 'You young rascal79!'
'At Verrieres,' Julien went on calmly, 'my brothers used to beat mewhen they had any reason to be jealous of me … '
'To the point! Get to the point!' cried M. Pirard, almost beside himself.
Without being the least bit in the world intimidated80, Julien resumedhis narrative81.
'On the day of my coming to Besancon, about noon, I felt hungry, Iwent into a cafe. My heart was filled with repugnance82 for so profane83 aspot; but I thought that my luncheon55 would cost me less there than at aninn. A lady, who seemed to be the mistress of the place, took pity on myraw looks. "Besancon is full of wicked people," she told me, "I am afraidfor you, Sir. If you find yourself in any trouble, come to me, send a message to me before eight o'clock. If the porters at the Seminary refuse totake your message, say that you are my cousin, and come from Genlis …"'
'All this farrago will have to be investigated,' exclaimed the abbe Pirard who, unable to remain in one place, was striding up and down theroom.
'You will go back to your cell!'
The abbe accompanied Julien and locked him in. He himself at onceproceeded to examine his trunk, in the bottom of which the fatal cardhad been carefully concealed84. Nothing was missing from the trunk, butseveral things had been disarranged; and yet the key never left his possession. 'How fortunate,' Julien said to himself, 'that during the time ofmy blindness I never made use of the permission to leave the building,which M. Castanede so frequently offered me with a generosity85 which Inow understand. Perhaps I might have been so foolish as to change myclothes and pay the fair Amanda a visit, I should have been ruined.
When they despaired of making any use of their information in that way,so as not to waste it they have used it to denounce me.
A couple of hours later, the Director sent for him.
'You have not lied,' he said to him, looking at him less severely; 'but tokeep such an address is an imprudence the serious nature of which youcannot conceive. Unhappy boy! In ten years, perhaps, it will redound86 toyour hurt.'
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brazenness
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| 厚颜无耻 | |
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rebuked
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| 责难或指责( rebuke的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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severely
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contrite
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mere
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maxims
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vice
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prudence
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presumption
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consummate
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folly
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alas
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epoch
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virtue
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robust
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distinguished
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repelled
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entirely
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boorish
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chamber
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judgment
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instils
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submission
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salvation
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pious
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melancholy
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remorse
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obliterated
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vengeance
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illegible
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contractor
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devoutly
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spoke
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passionate
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exalted
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piety
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confession
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meek
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appalling
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penitence
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haughty
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obstinate
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repulsed
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virtuous
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hypocrisy
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modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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cardinals
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| 红衣主教( cardinal的名词复数 )； 红衣凤头鸟（见于北美，雄鸟为鲜红色）； 基数 | |
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faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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ascetic
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| adj.禁欲的；严肃的 | |
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hymns
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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aspire
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| vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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luncheon
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| n.午宴，午餐，便宴 | |
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inscribed
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| v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接 | |
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charcoal
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| n.炭，木炭，生物炭 | |
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eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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layman
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| n.俗人，门外汉，凡人 | |
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implicit
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| a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的 | |
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laymen
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| 门外汉，外行人( layman的名词复数 )； 普通教徒（有别于神职人员） | |
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odious
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| adj.可憎的，讨厌的 | |
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ration
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| n.定量(pl.)给养，口粮；vt.定量供应 | |
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conceit
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| n.自负，自高自大 | |
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penance
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| n.（赎罪的）惩罪 | |
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garbed
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| v.（尤指某类人穿的特定）服装，衣服，制服( garb的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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innate
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| adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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suffocated
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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chestnuts
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| n.栗子( chestnut的名词复数 )；栗色；栗树；栗色马 | |
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vocation
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| n.职业，行业 | |
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bishops
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| （基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象 | |
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bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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rascal
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| n.流氓；不诚实的人 | |
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intimidated
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| v.恐吓；威胁adj.害怕的；受到威胁的 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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repugnance
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| n.嫌恶 | |
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profane
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| adj.亵神的，亵渎的；vt.亵渎，玷污 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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redound
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| v.有助于；提；报应 | |
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