We climbed up the hill on the side towards Pera, through a shabby field, that had almost the appearance, of a city dumping-ground, and through a neglected grove11 of cypresses, where some deer were feeding, and came round to the main entrance, a big, ugly pavilion with eight openings over the arched porte,—the gate which is known the world over as the Sublime12 Porte. Through this we passed into a large court, and thence to the small one into which the Sultan only is permitted to ride on horseback. In the centre of this is a fountain where formerly13 pashas foreordained to lose their heads lost them. On the right, a low range of buildings covered with domes15 but no chimneys, are the royal kitchens; there are nine of them,—one for the Sultan, one for the chief sultanas, and so on down to the one devoted to the cooking of the food for the servants. Hundreds of beasts, hecatombs, were slaughtered16 daily and cooked here to feed the vast household. From this court open the doors into the halls and divans17 and various apartments; one of them, leading into the interior, is called the Gate of Felicity; in the old times that could only be called a gate of felicity which let a person out of this spider's parlor18. In none of these rooms is there anything specially19 attractive; cheap magnificence in decay is only melancholy.
We were better pleased in the gardens, where we looked upon Galata and Pera, upon the Golden Horn and the long bridges streaming with their picturesque20 processions, upon the Bosphorus and its palaces, and thousands of sails, steamers, and ca飍ues, and the shining heights of Scutari. Overhanging the slope is the kiosk or summer palace of Sultan Moorad, a Saracenic octagonal structure, the interior walls lined with Persian tiles, the ceilings painted in red arabesques21 and gilded22 in mosaics23, the gates of bronze inlaid with mother-of-pearl; a most charming building, said to be in imitation of a kiosk of Bagdad. In it we saw the Sultan's private library, a hundred or two volumes in a glass case, that had no appearance of having been read either by the Sultan or his wife.
The apartment in the Seraglio which is the object of curiosity and desire is the treasure-room. I suppose it is the richest in the world in gems24; it is certainly a most wearisome place, and gave me a contempt for earthly treasure. In the centre stands a Persian throne,—a chair upon a board platform, and both incrusted with rubies25, pearls, emeralds, diamonds; there are toilet-tables covered to the feet with diamonds, pipe-stems glistening26 with huge diamonds, old armor thickly set with precious stones, saddle-cloths and stirrups stiff with diamonds and emeralds, robes embroidered27 with pearls. Nothing is so cheap as wealth lavished28 in this manner; at first we were dazzled by the flashing display, but after a time these heaps of gems seemed as common in our eyes as pebbles29 in the street. I did not even covet30 an emerald as large as my fist, nor a sword-hilt in which were fifteen diamonds, each as large as the end of my thumb, nor a carpet sown with pearls, some of which were of the size of pigeon's eggs, nor aigrettes which were blazing with internal fires, nor chairs of state, clocks and vases, the whole surfaces of which were on fire with jewels. I have seen an old oaken table, carved in the fifteenth century, which gave me more pleasure than one of lapis lazuli, which is exhibited as the most costly31 article in this collection; though it is inlaid with precious stones, and the pillars that support the mirror are set with diamonds, and the legs and claws are a mass of diamonds, rubies, carbuncles, emeralds, topazes, etc., and huge diamond pendants ornament32 it, and the deep fringe in front is altogether of diamonds. This is but a barbarous, ostentatious, and tasteless use of the beautiful, and I suppose gives one an idea of the inartistic magnificence of the Oriental courts in centuries gone by.
This treasure-house has, I presume, nothing that belonged to the Byzantine emperors before the Moslem33 conquest, some of whom exceeded in their magnificence any of the Osmanli sultans. Arcadius, the first Eastern emperor after the division of the Roman world, rivalled, in the appointments of his palace (which stood upon this spot) and in his dress, the magnificence of the Persian monarchs34; and perhaps the luxurious35 califs of Bagdad at a later day did not equal his splendor. His robes were of purple, a color reserved exclusively for his sacred person, and of silk, embroidered with gold dragons; his diadem36 was of gold set with gems of inestimable worth; his throne was massy gold, and when he went abroad he rode in a chariot of solid, pure gold, drawn37 by two milk-white mules38 shining in harness and trappings of gold.
No spot on earth has been the scene of such luxury, cruelty, treachery, murder, infidelity of women, and rapacity39 of men, as this site of the old palace; and the long record of the Christian40 emperors—the occasionally interrupted anarchy41 and usurpation42 of a thousand years—loses nothing in these respects in comparison with the Turkish occupation, although the world shudders43 at the unrevealed secrets of the Seraglio. At least we may suppose that nobody's conscience was violated if a pretty woman was occasionally dropped into the Bosphorus, and there was the authority of custom for the strangling of all the children of the sisters of the Sultan, so that the succession might not be embarrassed. In this court is the cage, a room accessible only by a window, where the royal children were shut up to keep them from conspiracy44 against the throne; and there Sultan Abdul Aziz spent some years of his life.
We went from the treasure-room to the ancient and large Church of St. Irene, which is now the arsenal45 of the Seraglio, and become, one might say, a church militant46. The nave47 and aisles48 are stacked with arms, the walls, the holy apse, the pillars, are cased in guns, swords, pistols, and armor, arranged in fanciful patterns, and with an ingenuity49 I have seen nowhere else. Here are preserved battle-flags and famous trophies50, an armlet of Tamerlane, a sword of Scanderbeg, and other pieces of cold, pliant51 steel that have a reputation for many murders. There is no way so sure to universal celebrity52 as wholesale53 murder. Adjoining the arsenal is a museum of Greek and Roman antiquities54 of the city, all in Turkish disorder55; the Cyprus Collections, sent by General di Cesnola, are flung upon shelves or lie in heaps unarranged, and most of the cases containing them had not been opened. Near this is an interesting museum of Turkish costumes for the past five hundred years,—rows on rows of ghastly wax figures clad in the garments of the dead. All of them are ugly, many of them are comical in their exaggeration. The costumes of the Janizaries attract most attention, perhaps from the dislike with which we regard those cruel mercenaries, who deposed56 and decapitated sultans at their will, and partly because many of the dresses seem more fit for harlequins or eunuchs of the harem than for soldiers.
When the Church of Santa Sophia, the House of Divine Wisdom, was finished, and Justinian entered it, accompanied only by the patriarch, and ran from the porticos to the pulpit with outstretched arms, crying, "Solomon, I have surpassed thee!" it was doubtless the most magnificently decorated temple that had ever stood upon the earth. The exterior57 was as far removed in simple grandeur58 as it was in time from the still matchless Doric temples of Athens and of P鎠tum, or from the ornate and lordly piles of Ba'albek; but the interior surpassed in splendor almost the conception of man. The pagan temples of antiquity59 had been despoiled60, the quarries61 of the known world had been ransacked62 for marbles of various hues63 and textures64 to enrich it; and the gold, the silver, the precious stones, employed in its decoration, surpassed in measure the barbaric ostentation65 of the Temple at Jerusalem. Among its forest of columns, one recognized the starred syenite from the First Cataract66 of the Nile; the white marble of Phrygia, striped with rose; the green of Laconia, and the blue of Libya; the black Celtic, white-veined, and the white Bosphorus, black-veined; polished shafts68 which had supported the roof of the Temple of the Delian Apollo, others which had beheld69 the worship of Diana at Ephesus and of Pallas Athene on the Acropolis, and, yet more ancient, those that had served in the mysterious edifices71 of Osiris and Isis; while, more conspicuous72 and beautiful than all, were the eight columns of porphyry, which, transported by Aurelian from the Temple of the Sun at Heliopolis to Home, the pious73 Marina had received as her dowry and dedicated74 to the most magnificent building ever reared to the worship of the True God, and fitly dominating the shores of Europe and Asia.
One reads of doors of cedar75, amber76, and ivory; of hundreds of sacred vessels77 of pure gold, of exquisitely78 wrought79 golden candelabra, and crosses of an hundred pounds' weight each; of a score of books of the Evangelists, the gold covers of which weighed twenty pounds; of golden lilies and golden trumpets80; of forty-two thousand chalice-cloths embroidered with pearls and jewels; and of the great altar, for which gold was too cheap a material, a mass of the most precious and costly stones imbedded in gold and silver. We may recall also the arches and the clear spaces of the walls inlaid with marbles and covered with brilliant mosaics. It was Justinian's wish to pave the floor with plates of gold, but, restrained by the fear of the avarice81 of his successors, he laid it in variegated82 marbles, which run in waving lines, imitating the flowing of rivers from the four corners to the vestibules. But the wonder of the edifice70 was the dome14, one hundred and seven feet in span, hanging in the air one hundred and eighty feet above the pavement. The aerial lightness of its position is increased by the two half-domes of equal span and the nine cupolas which surround it.
More than one volume has been exclusively devoted to a description of the Mosque4 of St. Sophia, and less than a volume would not suffice. But the traveller will not see the ancient glories. If he expects anything approaching the exterior richness and grandeur of the cathedrals of Europe, or the colossal83 proportions of St. Peter's at Rome, or the inexhaustible wealth of the interior of St. Mark's at Venice, he will be disappointed. The area of St. Peter's exceeds that of the grand Piazza84 of St. Mark, while St. Sophia is only two hundred and thirty-five feet broad by three hundred and fifty feet long; and while the Church of St. Mark has been accumulating spoils of plunder85 and of piety86 for centuries, the Church of the Divine Wisdom has been ransacked by repeated pillages87 and reduced to the puritan plainness of the Moslem worship.
Exceedingly impressive, however, is the first view of the interior; we stood silent with wonder and delight in the presence of the noble columns, the bold soaring arches, the dome in the sky. The temple is flooded with light, perhaps it is too bright; the old mosaics and paintings must have softened88 it; and we found very offensive the Arabic inscriptions89 on the four great arches, written in characters ten yards long. They are the names of companions of the Prophet, but they look like sign-boards. Another disagreeable impression is produced by the position of the Mihrab, or prayer-niche; as this must be in the direction of Mecca, it is placed at one side of the apse, and everything in the mosque is forced to conform to it. Thus everything is askew90; the pulpits are set at hateful angles, and the stripes of the rugs on the floor all run diagonally across. When one attempts to walk from the entrance, pulled one way by the architectural plan, and the other by the religious diversion of it, he has a sensation of being intoxicated91.
Gone from this temple are the sacred relics92 which edified93 the believers of former ages, such as the trumpets that blew down Jericho and planks94 from the Ark of Noah, but the Moslems have prodigies95 to replace them. The most curious of these is the sweating marble column, which emits a dampness that cures diseases. I inserted my hand in a cavity which has been dug in it, and certainly experienced a clammy sensation. It is said to sweat most early in the morning. I had the curiosity to ascend96 the gallery to see the seat of the courtesan and Empress Theodora, daughter of the keeper of the bears of the circus,—a public and venal97 pantomimist, who, after satisfying the immoral98 curiosity of her contemporaries in many cities, illustrated99 the throne of the C鎠ars by her talents, her intrigues100, and her devotion. The fondness of Justinian has preserved her initials in the capitals of the columns, the imperial eagle marks the screen that hid her seat, and the curious traveller may see her name carved on the balustrade where she sat.
To the ancient building the Moslems have added the minarets101 at the four corners and the enormous crescent on the dome, the gilding102 of which cost fifty thousand ducats, and the shining of which, a golden moon in the day, is visible at the distance of a hundred miles. The crescent, adopted by the Osmanli upon the conquest of Jerusalem, was the emblem103 of Byzantium before the Christian era. There is no spot in Constantinople more flooded with historical associations, or more interesting to the student of the history of the Eastern Empire, than the site of St. Sophia. Here arose the church of the same name erected104 by Constantine; it was twice burned, once by the party of St. John Chrysostom, and once in a tumult105 of the factions107 of the Hippodrome. I should like to have seen some of the pageants108 that took place here. After reposing109 in their graves for three centuries, the bodies of St. Andrew, St. Luke, and St. Timothy were transported hither. Fifty years after it was honored by a still more illustrious presence; the ashes of the prophet Samuel, deposited in a golden vase covered with a silken veil, left their resting-place in Palestine for the banks of the Bosphorus. The highways from the hills of Jud鎍 to the gates of Constantinople were filled by an uninterrupted procession, who testified their enthusiasm and joy, and the Emperor Arcadius himself, attended by the most illustrious of the clergy110 and the Senate, advanced to receive his illustrious guest, and conducted the holy remains111 to this magnificent but insecure place of repose112. It was here that Gregory Nazianzen was by force installed upon the Episcopal throne by Theodosius. The city was fanatically Arian. Theodosius proclaimed the Nicene creed113, and ordered the primate114 to deliver the cathedral and all the churches to the orthodox, who were few in number, but strong in the presence of Gregory. This extraordinary man had set up an orthodox pulpit in a private house; he had been mobbed by a motley crowd which issued from the Cathedral of St. Sophia, "common beggars who had forfeited115 their claim to pity, monks116 who had the appearance of goats or satyrs, and women more horrible than so many Jezebels"; he had his triumph when Theodosius led him by the hand through the streets—filled with a multitude crowding pavement, roofs, and windows, and venting117 their rage, grief, astonishment118, and despair—into the church, which was held by soldiers, though the prelate confessed that the city had the appearance of a town stormed by barbarians119. It was here that Eutropius, the eunuch, when his career of rapacity exceeded even the toleration of Arcadius, sought sanctuary120, and was protected by John Chrysostom, archbishop, who owed his ecclesiastical dignity to the late sexless favorite. And it was up this very nave that Mohammed II., the conqueror121, spurred his horse through a crowd of fugitives122, dismounted at the foot of the altar, cried, "There is no God but God, and Mohammed is his prophet!" and let loose his soldiery upon the priests, virgins123, and promiscuous124 multitude who had sought shelter here.
I should only weary you with unintelligible125 details in attempting a description of other mosques which we visited. They are all somewhat alike, though varying in degrees of splendor. There is that of Sultan Ahmed, on the site of the Hippodrome, distinguished126 as the only one in the empire that has six minarets,—the state mosque of the Sultan, whence the Mecca pilgrimages proceed and where the great festivals are held. From a distance it is one of the most conspicuous and poetically127 beautiful objects in the city. And there is the Mosque of Suleiman the Magnificent, a copy of St. Sophia and excelling it in harmonious128 grandeur,—indeed, it is called the finest mosque in the empire. Its forecourt measures a thousand paces, and the enclosure contains, besides the mosque and the tomb of the founder129, many foundations of charity and of learning,—three schools for the young, besides one for the reading of the Koran and one of medicine, four academies for the four Moslem sects130, a hospital, a kitchen for the poor, a library, a fountain, a resting-place for travellers, and a house of refuge for strangers. From it one enjoys a magnificent view of the Golden Horn, the Bosphorus, and the piled-up city opposite. When we entered the mosque hundreds of worshippers were at prayer, bowing their turbans towards Mecca in silent unison132. The throng133 soon broke up into groups of from ten to forty, which seated themselves in circles on the floor for the reading of the Koran. The shoes were heaped in the centre of each circle, the chief reader squatted134 at a low desk on one side, and all read together in a loud voice, creating an extraordinary vocal135 tumult. It was like a Sunday school in fancy dress.
Stamboul is a very interesting place to those who have a taste for gorgeous sepulchres, and I do not know any such pleasant residences of the dead as the turbehs, or tombs of the imperial family. Usually attached to the mosques, but sometimes standing136 apart, they are elegant edifices, such as might be suitable for the living; in their airy, light, and stately chambers137 the occupants are deprived of no splendor to which they were accustomed in life. One of the most beautiful of these turbehs, that of Sultan Mahmood II., I mistook for a fountain; it is a domed138, circular building of white marble, with Corinthian pilasters, and lighted by seven large windows with gilded grating. Within, in a cheerful, carpeted apartment, are the biers of the sultan, his valideh sultana, and five daughters, covered with cloths of velvet139, richly embroidered, upon which are thrown the most superb India shawls; the principal sarcophagi are surrounded by railings of mother-of-pearl; massive silver candlesticks and Koran-stands, upon which are beautiful manuscripts of the Koran, are disposed about the room, and at the head of the Sultan's bier is a fez with a plume140 and aigrette of diamonds. In the court of Santa Sophia you may see the beautiful mausoleum of Selim II., who reposes141 beside the Lady of Light; and not far from it the turbeh containing the remains of Mohammed III., surrounded by the biers of seventeen brothers whom he murdered. It is pleasant to see brothers united and in peace at last. I found something pathetic in other like apartments where families were gathered together, sultans and sultanas in the midst of little span-long biers of sons and daughters, incipient142 sultans and sultanas, who were never permitted by state policy, if I may be allowed the expression, to hatch. Strangled in their golden cradles, perhaps, these innocents! Worthless little bodies, mocked by the splendor of their interments. One could not but feel a little respect for what might have been a "Sublime Porte" or a Light of the Seraglio.
The Imperial Palace, the Church of Santa Sophia, the Hippodrome,—these are the triangle of Byzantine history, the trinity of tyranny, religion, and faction106. The Circus of Constantinople, like that on the banks of the Tiber, was the arena143 for the exhibition of games, races, spectacles, and triumphs; like that, it was the arena of a licentious144 democracy, but the most disorderly mob of Rome never attained145 the power or equalled the vices146 of the murderous and incendiary factions of Byzantium. The harmless colors that at first only distinguished the ignoble147 drivers in the chariot races became the badges of parties, which claimed the protection and enjoyed the favor of emperors and prelates; and the blue and the green factions not only more than once involved the city in conflagration148 and blood, but carried discord149 and frenzy150 into all the provinces. Although they respected no human or divine law, they affected151 religious zeal152 for one or another Christian sect131 or dogma; the "blues153" long espoused154 the orthodox cause, and enjoyed the partiality of Justinian. The dissolute youth of Constantinople, wearing the livery of the factions, possessed155 the city at night, and abandoned themselves to any deed of violence that fancy or revenge suggested; neither the sanctity of the church, nor the peace of the private house, nor the innocence156 of youth, nor the chastity of matron or maid, was safe from these assassins and ravishers. It was in one of their seditious outbreaks that the palace and Santa Sophia were delivered to the flames.
The oblong ground of the Hippodrome is still an open place, although a portion of the ground is covered by the Mosque of Ahmed. But the traveller will find there few relics of this historical arena; nothing of the marble seats and galleries that surrounded it. The curious may look at the Egyptian obelisk157 of syenite, at the crumbling pyramid which was the turning goal of the chariots; and he may find more food for reflection in the bronze spiral column, formed by the twinings of three serpents whose heads have been knocked off. It deserves to be housed and cared for. There is no doubt of its venerable antiquity; it was seen by Thucydides and Herodotus in the Temple of Delphi, where its three branching heads formed a tripod upon which rested the dish of gold which the Greeks captured among the spoils of the battle of Plat鎍. The column is not more than fifteen feet high; it has stood here since the time of Constantine.
This is the most famous square of Constantinople, yet in its present unromantic aspect it is difficult to reanimate its interest. It is said that its statues of marble and bronze once excelled the living population of the city. In its arena emperors, whose vices have alone saved their names to a conspicuous contempt, sought the popular applause by driving in the chariot races, or stripped themselves for the sports with wild beasts, proud to remind the spectators of the exploits of Caligula and Heliogabalus. Here, in the reign158 of Anastasius, the "green" faction, entering the place with concealed daggers159, interrupted a solemn festival and assassinated160 three thousand of the "blues." This place was in the first quarter of this century the exercise and parade ground of the Janizaries, until they were destroyed. Let us do justice to the Turks. In two memorable161 instances they exhibited a nerve which the Roman emperors lacked, who never had either the firmness or the courage to extirpate162 the Pr鎡orian Guards. The Janizaries set up, deposed, murdered sultans, as the Guards did Emperors; and the Mamelukes of Egypt imitated their predecessors163 at Rome. Mahmood II. in Constantinople, and Mohammed Ali in Cairo, had the courage to extinguish these enemies of Turkish sovereignty.
In this neighborhood are several ancient monuments; the Burnt Column, a blackened shaft67 of porphyry; the column called Historical; and that of Theodosius,—I shall not fatigue164 you with further mention of them. Not far from the Hippodrome we descended165 into the reservoir called A Thousand and One Columns; I suppose this number is made up by counting one as three, for each column consists of three superimposed shafts. It is only partially166 excavated167. We found a number of Jews occupying these subterranean168 colonnades169, engaged in twisting silk, the even temperature of the cellar being favorable to this work.
As if we had come out of a day in another age, we walked down through the streets of the artificers of brass170 and ivory and leather, to the floating bridge, and crossed in a golden sunset, in which the minarets and domes of the mosque of Mohammed II. appeared like some aerial creation in the yellow sky.
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1
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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mosques
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| 清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 ) | |
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mosque
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| n.清真寺 | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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crumbling
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| adj.摇摇欲坠的 | |
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promontory
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| n.海角；岬 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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cypresses
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| n.柏属植物，柏树( cypress的名词复数 ) | |
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grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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divans
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| n.（可作床用的）矮沙发( divan的名词复数 )；（波斯或其他东方诗人的）诗集 | |
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parlor
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| n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅 | |
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specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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arabesques
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| n.阿拉伯式花饰( arabesque的名词复数 )；错综图饰；阿拉伯图案；阿拉贝斯克芭蕾舞姿（独脚站立，手前伸，另一脚一手向后伸） | |
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gilded
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| a.镀金的，富有的 | |
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mosaics
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| n.马赛克( mosaic的名词复数 )；镶嵌；镶嵌工艺；镶嵌图案 | |
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gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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rubies
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| 红宝石( ruby的名词复数 )； 红宝石色，深红色 | |
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glistening
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| adj.闪耀的，反光的v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的现在分词 ) | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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lavished
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| v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pebbles
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| [复数]鹅卵石； 沙砾； 卵石，小圆石( pebble的名词复数 ) | |
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covet
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| vt.垂涎；贪图(尤指属于他人的东西) | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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Moslem
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| n.回教徒，穆罕默德信徒；adj.回教徒的，回教的 | |
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monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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diadem
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| n.王冠，冕 | |
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37
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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38
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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39
rapacity
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| n.贪婪，贪心，劫掠的欲望 | |
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40
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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41
anarchy
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| n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序 | |
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42
usurpation
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| n.篡位；霸占 | |
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43
shudders
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| n.颤动，打颤，战栗( shudder的名词复数 )v.战栗( shudder的第三人称单数 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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44
conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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45
arsenal
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| n.兵工厂，军械库 | |
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46
militant
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| adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士 | |
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47
nave
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| n.教堂的中部；本堂 | |
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48
aisles
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| n. (席位间的)通道, 侧廊 | |
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49
ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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50
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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51
pliant
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| adj.顺从的；可弯曲的 | |
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52
celebrity
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| n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望 | |
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53
wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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54
antiquities
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| n.古老( antiquity的名词复数 )；古迹；古人们；古代的风俗习惯 | |
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55
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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56
deposed
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| v.罢免( depose的过去式和过去分词 )；（在法庭上）宣誓作证 | |
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57
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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58
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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59
antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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60
despoiled
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| v.掠夺，抢劫( despoil的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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61
quarries
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| n.（采）石场( quarry的名词复数 )；猎物（指鸟，兽等）；方形石；（格窗等的）方形玻璃v.从采石场采得( quarry的第三人称单数 )；从（书本等中）努力发掘（资料等）；在采石场采石 | |
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62
ransacked
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| v.彻底搜查( ransack的过去式和过去分词 )；抢劫，掠夺 | |
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63
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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64
textures
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| n.手感( texture的名词复数 )；质感；口感；（音乐或文学的）谐和统一感 | |
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65
ostentation
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| n.夸耀，卖弄 | |
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66
cataract
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| n.大瀑布，奔流，洪水，白内障 | |
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67
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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68
shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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69
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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70
edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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71
edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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72
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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73
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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74
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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75
cedar
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| n.雪松，香柏(木) | |
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76
amber
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| n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的 | |
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77
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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78
exquisitely
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| adv.精致地；强烈地；剧烈地；异常地 | |
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79
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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80
trumpets
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| 喇叭( trumpet的名词复数 )； 小号； 喇叭形物； （尤指）绽开的水仙花 | |
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81
avarice
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| n.贪婪；贪心 | |
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82
variegated
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| adj.斑驳的，杂色的 | |
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83
colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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84
piazza
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| n.广场；走廊 | |
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85
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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86
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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87
pillages
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| n.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的名词复数 )；掠夺者v.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的第三人称单数 ) | |
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88
softened
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| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
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89
inscriptions
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| （作者）题词( inscription的名词复数 )； 献词； 碑文； 证劵持有人的登记 | |
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90
askew
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| adv.斜地；adj.歪斜的 | |
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91
intoxicated
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| 喝醉的，极其兴奋的 | |
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92
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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93
edified
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| v.开导，启发( edify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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94
planks
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| （厚）木板( plank的名词复数 )； 政纲条目，政策要点 | |
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95
prodigies
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| n.奇才，天才（尤指神童）( prodigy的名词复数 ) | |
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96
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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97
venal
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| adj.唯利是图的，贪脏枉法的 | |
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98
immoral
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| adj.不道德的，淫荡的，荒淫的，有伤风化的 | |
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99
illustrated
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| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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100
intrigues
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| n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 )；神秘气氛；引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 )；激起…的好奇心 | |
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101
minarets
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| n.（清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的）光塔( minaret的名词复数 ) | |
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102
gilding
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| n.贴金箔，镀金 | |
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103
emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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104
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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105
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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106
faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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107
factions
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| 组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 ) | |
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108
pageants
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| n.盛装的游行( pageant的名词复数 )；穿古代服装的游行；再现历史场景的娱乐活动；盛会 | |
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109
reposing
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| v.将（手臂等）靠在某人（某物）上( repose的现在分词 ) | |
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110
clergy
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| n.[总称]牧师，神职人员 | |
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111
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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112
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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113
creed
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| n.信条；信念，纲领 | |
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114
primate
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| n.灵长类（目）动物，首席主教；adj.首要的 | |
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115
forfeited
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| （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去( forfeit的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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116
monks
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| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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117
venting
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| 消除； 泄去； 排去； 通风 | |
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118
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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119
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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120
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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121
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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122
fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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123
virgins
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| 处女，童男( virgin的名词复数 )； 童贞玛利亚（耶稣之母） | |
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124
promiscuous
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| adj.杂乱的，随便的 | |
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125
unintelligible
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| adj.无法了解的，难解的，莫明其妙的 | |
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126
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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127
poetically
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| adv.有诗意地，用韵文 | |
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128
harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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129
Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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130
sects
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| n.宗派，教派( sect的名词复数 ) | |
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131
sect
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| n.派别，宗教，学派，派系 | |
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132
unison
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| n.步调一致，行动一致 | |
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133
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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134
squatted
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的过去式和过去分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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135
vocal
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| adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目 | |
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136
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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137
chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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138
domed
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| adj. 圆屋顶的, 半球形的, 拱曲的 动词dome的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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139
velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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140
plume
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| n.羽毛；v.整理羽毛，骚首弄姿，用羽毛装饰 | |
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141
reposes
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| v.将（手臂等）靠在某人（某物）上( repose的第三人称单数 ) | |
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142
incipient
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| adj.起初的，发端的，初期的 | |
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143
arena
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| n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台 | |
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144
licentious
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| adj.放纵的，淫乱的 | |
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145
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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146
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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147
ignoble
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| adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可耻的 | |
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148
conflagration
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| n.建筑物或森林大火 | |
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149
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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150
frenzy
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| n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动 | |
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151
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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152
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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153
blues
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| n.抑郁，沮丧；布鲁斯音乐 | |
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154
espoused
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| v.（决定）支持，拥护（目标、主张等）( espouse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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155
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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156
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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157
obelisk
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| n.方尖塔 | |
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158
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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159
daggers
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| 匕首，短剑( dagger的名词复数 ) | |
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160
assassinated
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| v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏 | |
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161
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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162
extirpate
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| v.除尽，灭绝 | |
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163
predecessors
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| n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身 | |
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164
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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165
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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166
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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167
excavated
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| v.挖掘( excavate的过去式和过去分词 )；开凿；挖出；发掘 | |
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168
subterranean
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| adj.地下的，地表下的 | |
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169
colonnades
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| n.石柱廊( colonnade的名词复数 ) | |
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170
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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