The next year of his life the commodore passed in travel. His destination when he left Russia was Copenhagen; perhaps he had in mind the possibility of resuming the negotiations1 with the Danish Government on the old claim, and it is possible that his deferred2 pension may have had something to do with this intention. He had no especial place to go; one city was as good as another to him. In his busy wandering life he had never made a home for himself, and, while his mind and heart turned with ever more intensity3 of affection to the United States, yet he loved America in an abstract rather than a concrete way. The principles for which the United States stood, and upon which they were constituted and organized, appealed to him, but those personal ties which he had formed in his brief sojourn4 before the Revolution were weakened by absence or had been sundered5 by death. There was no employment for him there, for his country had absolutely no navy. Besides, he needed rest. He who had fought throughout a long life for liberty and freedom, for honor and fame, was doomed6 to struggle for that last desire for the few remaining years left him.
He traveled leisurely7 from St. Petersburg to Warsaw, where he was kindly8 received at the court of Poland, and where he busied himself preparing journals of his American service and of the Liman campaign, copies of which he sent to Catherine. There, too, he met the great Pole, Kosciusko, and the acquaintance between the veteran sailor and the old soldier of the Revolution speedily ripened9 into intimacy10. Sweden had declared war against Russia. Kosciusko, who was the inveterate11 enemy of this gigantic empire which finally wrote finis Poloni? across the story of his country, would have been most happy if he could have seen the fleets of Sweden led by so redoubtable12 a warrior13 as Jones. But of course such a proposition was not, and could not be, entertained by Jones.[50]
On leaving Warsaw for Vienna, it is suggested that he made the detour14 necessitated15 by visiting that point, rather than proceeding16 directly to Copenhagen via Berlin, at the instigation of Catherine, who desired to remove him from the vicinity of the Swedes. She might not use him herself, but she could not contemplate17 with any degree of equanimity18 the possibility of his serving against her. There is not the slightest evidence that he ever thought of entering the service of Sweden. He repels19 the idea with indignation, and the sole foundation for it arose from Kosciusko's ardent20 desire. Jones' conduct in the affair is beyond criticism; indeed, he was too ill at that time, although he did not realize it, to be employed by any one. In his papers the following declaration is found. It is undated, and the documents to which it was attached give no clew as to when it was written, or whether it was ever published, but from its contents it must have been prepared while he was on this leave of absence from Russia. It is a notable little document, for it repeats his assertion of American citizenship21, expresses his intention of never warring against the United States or France, and clearly defines the tenure22 of his connection with the Russians:
"NOTICE.
"The Rear-Admiral Paul Jones, desirous of making known unequivocally his manner of thinking in relation to his military connection with Russia, declares:
"1st. That he has at all times expressed to her Imperial Majesty23 of Russia his vow24 to preserve the condition of an American citizen and officer.
"2d. That, having been honoured by his most Christian25 Majesty with a gold sword, he has made a like vow never to draw it on any occasion where war might be waged against his Majesty's interest.
"3d. That circumstances which the rear admiral could not foresee when he wrote on the last occasion make him feel a presentiment26 that, in spite of his attachment27 and gratitude28 to her Imperial Majesty, and notwithstanding the advantageous29 propositions which may be made to him, he will probably renounce30 the service of that power, even before the expiration31 of the leave of absence which he now enjoys."
To return to his trip. After staying some time in Vienna, where he seems to have been received with favor in high social circles, though the illness of the emperor prevented his being presented, he went to Amsterdam via Hamburg. Here he remained for some time, engaged, as usual, in correspondence. He still seems to have cherished the sailor's dream of buying a farm and passing his remaining years thereon, for we find among his letters an inquiry32 addressed to Mr. Charles Thompson, the Secretary of Congress, about an estate near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, which he thought of purchasing from funds invested in the United States. But in view of his anomalous33 connection with Russia he thought it well to remain in Europe until it had either ceased or been renewed. This was the time, being in need of funds, that he wrote to his old friend Krudner to endeavor to secure payment of the Danish pension.
Krudner readily undertook Jones' commission, and the Danish Government promised to pay the pension at Copenhagen to any one whom Jones would authorize34 to receive it. They never paid it. Krudner always retained his friendship for Jones, and one of his letters closes with these words:
"At all events, I flatter myself, as a good Russian, that your arm is still reserved for us."
At the end of April, 1790, he crossed over to London on some financial business, which he settled to his satisfaction. He remained but a brief time in England--his visits there were always brief and devoid35 of publicity36; he seems to have felt keenly the hatred37 with which the English regarded him, and under such circumstances his action was wise.
Toward the close of May he returned to Paris, which was perhaps the place where his happiest hours had been spent, and at Paris he continued to reside until the last scene in his eventful history. It was no longer the gay and pleasure-seeking resort of his earlier and happier years. The grim shadow of the Revolution, as yet no larger than a man's hand, was already lowering on the horizon. A year before his arrival the States-General had been summoned for the first time in a hundred and seventy-five years. On the 14th of July, eight months before his coming, the drums of the sections rolled the knell38 of the Bastile, and a little later still the old feudal39 constitution, which had endured the vicissitudes40 of a thousand years of change, was abrogated41, and the rule of the people began. Louis XVI, poor puppet of fortune, "imponderous rag of circumstance," was driven hither and thither42 by the furious blasts of liberated43 passion charged with centuries of animosity, for a few aimless, pitiful years, and then--the guillotine!
For two years Jones lived in quiet retirement44. He made but one other public appearance, in July, 1790, in connection with the first anniversary of the taking of the Bastile. Paris, inspirited with the first breath of freedom, drawn45 from the first labor46 pains of the Revolution, determined47 to celebrate in fitting style this grand anniversary. Different groups of foreigners residing in France sent delegates to appear before the National Assembly and ask permission to take part in the national fête. Paul Jones headed the Americans, and made an address to the Assembly. Thenceforward he did nothing of a public character.
His traveling had brought him neither surcease of care nor restoration to health. His hardy48 constitution, shattered by constant exposure in all weathers and every climate, and worn out by the chafings of his ardent and impatient temperament49 throughout the course of a career checkered50 by periods of alternate exaltation and depression, and filled with hopes and disappointments in equal measure, was rapidly yielding to the pains and ailments51 which were ushering52 in the fatal moment which should put an end to all his dreams and aspirations53. His time, however, was not passed unhappily, and returns from investments provided him with enough for his simple needs. During the stirring hours of the beginning of the Revolution he busied himself in writing his journals, arranging the great mass of papers he had accumulated, and in his never-failing correspondence. Sometimes he attended the Sorbonne, and held discussion with philosophers. Madame de Telison was with him.
He was drawn in two ways by the condition of France. His sympathies were ever with humanity struggling for freedom; but he had received so many marks of favor from the French king, to whom he owed his great opportunities for achievement and advancement54, that he could scarcely view with equanimity the dangers and harassments of that unhappy monarch55. He was a republican through and through in principle, but by instinct and association, if not by birth, he was one of the proudest and most thoroughgoing of aristocrats--as Washington was an aristocrat56. Like many other people, his theory of life and government was different from his practice. Besides, the liberty which the French were striving to establish was already perilously57 verging58 on that unbounded license59 into which it soon degenerated60, and that his disciplined soul abhorred61. His associates in France were mainly among the Girondists, with whom he was more nearly affiliated62 than with other political parties.
He did not realize that he was so broken in health, for he still clung to his tenuous63 connection with Russia, sending repeated letters to Catherine and Patiomkine, with demands, requests, and suggestions of various plans for service. Patiomkine, as usual, took no notice, but the last letter to Catherine having been forwarded through Baron64 Grimm, she directed him, rather curtly65 by the way, to inform Jones that if she had service for him she would let him know. After that Jones seems to have discontinued his letters to Russia. He found, however, two new outlets66 for his restless zeal67. Early in 1792, chancing to meet an Algerian corsair, who had captured many Americans now held for ransom68 in Algiers, he learned much of the unfortunate condition of those unhappy sailors, to whose fate their country was apparently69 oblivious70. The corsair informed him that if these captives were not ransomed71 promptly72 they would be sold into slavery. Jones wrote immediately to Jefferson, then Secretary of State, and with all his power urged that something be done for them, either by sending a force to compel restitution73 or by means of ransom. The letter, as we shall see, was not without result.
The second object of interest was a claim which he entertained against the French Government for salary due him while in command of the Bon Homme Richard and the squadron. The United States had paid him his salary as an officer during that period, but he felt that since his services had been asked by France, and the squadron had been at the charge of the French Government, a further amount was due him from the French, and he wrote to de Bertrand, Minister of Marine74, demanding the balance due. The claim was the subject of acrid75 correspondence, and the matter was pending76 when he died.[51] From the letters written during the last years of his life I quote portions of three--the first two to his sister, Mrs. Taylor, and the last one to Lafayette:
"Amsterdam, March 26, 1790.
"I wrote you, my dear friend, from Paris, by Mr. Kennedy, who delivered me the kind letter you wrote me by him. Circumstances obliged me to return soon afterward77 to America, and on my arrival at New York Mr. Thomson delivered me a letter that had been intrusted to his care by Mrs. Loudon. It would be superfluous78 to mention the great satisfaction I received in hearing from two persons I so much love and esteem79, and whose worthy80 conduct as wives and mothers is so respectable in my eyes. Since my return to Europe a train of circumstances and changes of residence have combined to keep me silent. This has given me more pain than I can express; for I have a tender regard for you both, and nothing can be indifferent to me that regards your happiness and the welfare of your children. I wish for a particular detail of their age, respective talents, characters, and education. I do not desire this information merely from curiosity. It would afford me real satisfaction to be useful to their establishment in life. We must study the genius and inclination81 of the boys, and try to fit them, by a suitable education, for the pursuits we may be able to adopt for their advantage. When their education shall be advanced to a proper stage, at the school of Dumfries for instance, it must then be determined whether it may be most economical and advantageous for them to go to Edinburgh or France to finish their studies. All this is supposing them to have great natural genius and goodness of disposition82; for without these they can never become eminent83. For the females, they require an education suited to the delicacy84 of character that is becoming in their sex. I wish I had a fortune to offer to each of them; but though this is not the case, I may yet be useful to them. And I desire particularly to be useful to the two young women, who have a double claim to my regard, as they have lost their father. Present my kind compliments to Mrs. Loudon, her husband, to Mr. Taylor, and your two families, and depend on my affectionate attachment...."
"Paris, December 27, 1790.
"I duly received, my dear Mrs. Taylor, your letter of the 16th August, but ever since that time I have been unable to answer it, not having been capable to go out of my chamber85, and having been for the most part obliged to keep my bed. I have now no doubt but that I am in a fair way to perfect recovery, though it will require time and patience.
"I shall not conceal86 from you that your family discord87 aggravates88 infinitely89 all my pains. My grief is inexpressible that two sisters, whose happiness is so interesting to me, do not live together in that mutual90 tenderness and affection which would do so much honour to themselves and to the memory of their worthy relations. Permit me to recommend to your serious study and application Pope's Universal Prayer. You will find more morality in that little piece than in many volumes that have been written by great divines:
"'Teach me to feel another's woe91,
To hide the fault I see;
That mercy I to others show,
Such mercy show to me.'
"This is not the language of a weak, superstitious92 mind, but the spontaneous offspring of true religion, springing from a heart sincerely inspired by charity, and deeply impressed with a sense of the calamities94 and frailties95 of human nature. If the sphere in which Providence96 has placed us as members of society requires the exercise of brotherly kindness and charity toward our neighbour in general, how much more is this our duty with respect to individuals with whom we are connected by the near and tender ties of nature as well as moral obligation. Every lesser97 virtue98 may pass away, but charity comes from Heaven, and is immortal99. Though I wish to be the instrument of making family peace, which I flatter myself would tend to promote the happiness of you all, yet I by no means desire you to do violence to your own feelings by taking any step that is contrary to your own judgment100 and inclination. Your reconciliation101 must come free from your heart, otherwise it will not last, and therefore it will be better not to attempt it. Should a reconciliation take place, I recommend it of all things, that you never mention past grievances102, nor show, by word, look, or action, that you have not forgot them."
"Paris, December 7, 1791.
"Dear General: My ill health for some time past has prevented me from the pleasure of paying you my personal respects, but I hope shortly to indulge myself with that satisfaction.
"I hope you approve the quality of the fur linings103 I brought from Russia for the King and yourself. I flatter myself that his Majesty will accept from your hand that little mark of the sincere attachment I feel for his person; and be assured that I shall be always ready to draw the sword with which he honoured me for the service of the virtuous104 and illustrious 'Protector of the Rights of Human Nature.'
"When my health shall be established, M. Simolin will do me the honour to present me to his Majesty as a Russian admiral. Afterward it will be my duty, as an American officer, to wait on his Majesty with the letter which I am directed to present to him from the United States."
Jones appears in a very pleasant light in all of these letters, and I am glad to read the evidences of gentleness and of affection and kindly feeling which they present. In March, 1792, his disease, which had developed into a lingering form of dropsy, became complicated with a disorder105 of the liver. He grew much worse, lost his appetite, became very jaundiced, and was confined to his bedroom for two months. Under treatment he grew temporarily better, until the beginning of July, when he became suddenly worse again and the dropsy began to manifest itself once more. The disease attacked his chest. His legs became much swollen106, and the enlargement extended upward so that he could not button his waistcoat and had great difficulty in breathing.
He was not, as has been asserted, in poverty and want, deserted107 by his friends. He lived in a comfortable apartment in the second story of No. 42 Tournon Street, and enjoyed the services of one of the best physicians in France, who was, in fact, physician to the queen. Gouverneur Morris, the American Minister, was a warm friend of his, and paid him many visits during his dying hours. He had no lack of other friends either, for he was attended by two gentlemen, ex-American army officers, Colonels Swan and Blackden, and by a French officer, M. Beaupoil. They all seem to have been fond of the little commodore, and to have visited him constantly. They did everything possible to lighten his dying hours. His symptoms became so alarming about the middle of July that Colonel Blackden took upon himself the duty of advising him to make his will and settle his affairs. He put off this action until the 18th of the month. On the afternoon of that day Morris drew up a schedule of his property from Jones' own dictation, and his friends having sent for a notary108, he made his will, which was drawn in English by Morris, and transcribed109 in French by the notary. The will was witnessed by Swan, Blackden, and Beaupoil.[52] In this document--the last of all his writings--dictated in those solemn hours when he looked Death in the face in final glance, the real value of earthly honors and titles became apparent to him; he describes himself with touching110 simplicity111, not as Commodore, Chevalier, or Admiral--titles he had loved--but in greater words as "John Paul Jones, a citizen of the United States."
At eight o'clock in the evening his friends bade him good by, and perhaps "Good night" were the last words any one heard him speak. They left him seated in his armchair in his parlor112 in the second story. A short time after their departure the physician arrived to pay his regular evening visit. The armchair was empty, and the door of the chamber adjoining the parlor was open. He walked over toward it and stopped in the entrance, and this is what he saw: the figure of the great commodore lying prone113 upon the bed, his feet touching the floor and his hands outstretched before him. There was no sound in the still room. The physician stepped softly to the bedside, turned him over, and laid his hand upon his heart. He felt no responsive throb114. The little captain of the Bon Homme Richard was dead, worn out, fretted115 away, broken down, at the age of forty-five! "The hand of a conqueror116 whom no human power can resist had been laid upon his shoulder, and for the first time in his life the face of Paul Jones was turned away from the enemy."[53] Fitting, indeed, would it have been if from the deck of the war ship the soul of the sea king had taken its flight; but, after all, he was at rest at last--"in peace after so many storms, in honor after so much obloquy117."
The peculiar118 position in which he was found, as I have thought upon it, has suggested to me the possibility that, when he felt the last crisis coming upon him, he may have attempted to sink down by his bedside, that the call of his Maker119 might find him--as years after it found David Livingstone in the heart of dark Africa--on his knees in prayer. And then sometimes I think--and this is perhaps more likely--that he may have risen to his feet to face death, as was his wont120, and have fallen forward when it came. No one can tell. A century has fled away since they found him there, but the sorrow of it all is still present with me as I write. An exile from his native land, far from the country of his adoption121, in the prime of life, he dies. There was not a woman with him to whisper words of comfort, to give him that last touch of tenderness that comes from a woman's hand. Alone he had lived--alone he died. Oh, the pity of it! The man of the world, become the citizen of the new republic, had found another country--let us hope a heavenly one. He did much and he suffered much, and for such we may be sure there is much charity, much forgiveness.
By the terms of his will all his property, amounting to some thirty thousand dollars, was left to his two surviving sisters and their children--the same to whom he had sent those sweet words counseling forbearance and consideration. The fact that he had shown but little of the one and had received but little of the other in his life only accentuates122 his sense of their need. One other honor his country had in store for him, but it arrived too late. He had been long buried when a commission appointing him to negotiate the release of the prisoners in Algiers arrived in France. It was an honor he would have appreciated, and in carrying it out he would have found a congenial task.
The National Assembly honored his memory by sending a deputation, headed by its president, to represent them at his funeral, which took place on the second day after his death, at eight o'clock in the evening. All his friends, including the Americans, were there as well. A French Protestant clergyman named Marron conducted the services and delivered a eulogy123, but one sentence of which is worthy of quotation124: "The fame of the brave outlives him; his portion is immortality125."
It has been determined recently that the interment was made in the little cemetery126 reserved for those who died in the Protestant faith, situated127 at the corner of the Rue93 de la Grange aux Belles128 and Rue des écluses Saint Martin--then in the suburbs, now in the heart of the city. The cemetery was officially closed on January 1, 1793. A canal was afterward cut through it and buildings erected129 upon the other, lots. The exact location of Jones' grave is unknown, and, as there were at least ten thousand people buried there, it would probably be a matter of great difficulty to find it, should the effort be made; and the expense would be considerable. The body, clad in an American uniform, was incased in a leaden coffin130, with sword,[54] etc., and unless all the elements have been dissipated by the action of the water it might be possible to identify his remains131. Certainly there is no question, if satisfactory settlement could be had, that his remains should be brought to the United States, with all naval132 honors, here to be suitably interred133 and his grave marked by an appropriate monument. So far as I know, there has not even been so much as a memorial tablet erected to his memory in any part of the great country toward whose independence he contributed so much. A serious and ungrateful omission134 this, and, whether his remains be found or not, it is to be hoped that it may be soon rectified135.
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1
negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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deferred
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| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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sojourn
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| v./n.旅居，寄居；逗留 | |
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sundered
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| v.隔开，分开( sunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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ripened
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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redoubtable
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| adj.可敬的；可怕的 | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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detour
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| n.绕行的路，迂回路；v.迂回，绕道 | |
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necessitated
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| 使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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contemplate
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| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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equanimity
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| n.沉着，镇定 | |
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repels
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| v.击退( repel的第三人称单数 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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tenure
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| n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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vow
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| n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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presentiment
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| n.预感，预觉 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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expiration
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| n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物 | |
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inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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anomalous
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| adj.反常的；不规则的 | |
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authorize
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| v.授权，委任；批准，认可 | |
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devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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publicity
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| n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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knell
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| n.丧钟声；v.敲丧钟 | |
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feudal
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| adj.封建的，封地的，领地的 | |
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vicissitudes
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| n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废 | |
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41
abrogated
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| 废除（法律等）( abrogate的过去式和过去分词 )； 取消； 去掉； 抛开 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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liberated
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| a.无拘束的，放纵的 | |
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retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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46
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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48
hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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49
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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50
checkered
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| adj.有方格图案的 | |
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51
ailments
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| 疾病（尤指慢性病），不适( ailment的名词复数 ) | |
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52
ushering
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的现在分词 ) | |
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53
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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54
advancement
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| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
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55
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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56
aristocrat
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| n.贵族，有贵族气派的人，上层人物 | |
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57
perilously
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| adv.充满危险地，危机四伏地 | |
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58
verging
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| 接近，逼近（verge的现在分词形式） | |
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59
license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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60
degenerated
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| 衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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61
abhorred
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| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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62
affiliated
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| adj. 附属的, 有关连的 | |
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63
tenuous
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| adj.细薄的，稀薄的，空洞的 | |
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64
baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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65
curtly
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| adv.简短地 | |
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66
outlets
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| n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店 | |
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67
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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68
ransom
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| n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救 | |
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69
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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70
oblivious
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| adj.易忘的，遗忘的，忘却的，健忘的 | |
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71
ransomed
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| 付赎金救人，赎金( ransom的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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72
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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73
restitution
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| n.赔偿；恢复原状 | |
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74
marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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75
acrid
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| adj.辛辣的，尖刻的，刻薄的 | |
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76
pending
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| prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的 | |
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77
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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78
superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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79
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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80
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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81
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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82
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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83
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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84
delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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85
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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86
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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87
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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88
aggravates
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| 使恶化( aggravate的第三人称单数 )； 使更严重； 激怒； 使恼火 | |
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89
infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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90
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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91
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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92
superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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93
rue
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| n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔 | |
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94
calamities
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| n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事 | |
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95
frailties
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| n.脆弱( frailty的名词复数 )；虚弱；（性格或行为上的）弱点；缺点 | |
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96
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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97
lesser
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| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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98
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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99
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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100
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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101
reconciliation
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| n.和解，和谐，一致 | |
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102
grievances
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| n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚 | |
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103
linings
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| n.衬里( lining的名词复数 )；里子；衬料；组织 | |
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104
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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105
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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106
swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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107
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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108
notary
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| n.公证人，公证员 | |
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109
transcribed
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| （用不同的录音手段）转录( transcribe的过去式和过去分词 )； 改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）； 抄写； 用音标标出（声音） | |
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110
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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111
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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112
parlor
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| n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅 | |
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113
prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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114
throb
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| v.震颤，颤动；(急速强烈地)跳动，搏动 | |
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115
fretted
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| 焦躁的，附有弦马的，腐蚀的 | |
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116
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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117
obloquy
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| n.斥责，大骂 | |
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118
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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119
maker
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| n.制造者，制造商 | |
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120
wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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121
adoption
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| n.采用，采纳，通过；收养 | |
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122
accentuates
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| v.重读( accentuate的第三人称单数 )；使突出；使恶化；加重音符号于 | |
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123
eulogy
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| n.颂词；颂扬 | |
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124
quotation
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| n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情 | |
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125
immortality
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| n.不死，不朽 | |
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126
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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127
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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128
belles
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| n.美女( belle的名词复数 )；最美的美女 | |
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129
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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130
coffin
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| n.棺材，灵柩 | |
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131
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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132
naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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133
interred
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| v.埋，葬( inter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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134
omission
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| n.省略，删节；遗漏或省略的事物，冗长 | |
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135
rectified
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| [医]矫正的，调整的 | |
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