“Y greyes van sin cuento
Paciendo tu verdura desde el llano
Que tiene por lindero el horizonte,
Hasta el erguido monte
De inaccesible nieve siempre cano.”
Andres Bello, Silva á la Zona Tórrida.
On a fine morning of a tropical December month, a jolly cavalcade1, or rather a heterogeneous2 assemblage from the various castes composing the bulk of the population in the Venezuelian Republic, was to be seen traversing the streets of the beautiful town of Maracay, in the direction of the road leading to the Llanos or Pampas of Apure, a region widely celebrated3 for its wildness, its dangers, and the many exploits enacted4 therein. There the father of the writer owned extensive cattle-farms, and the aforesaid company proposed spending the remainder of the summer season in hunting among the untamed herds5 constituting the wealth and commerce of that wild region.
I shall never forget the exciting scenes of that eventful day; it forms one of the most pleasing episodes of my life. Full well do I remember also the picturesqueness6 of the variegated8 costumes of the{2} riders; their red and blue ponchos10 flowing in the wind as they cantered to and fro through the unusually animated11 streets of the little town, taking leave of their friends, and provisioning their saddle-bags with the necessaries they required; the trampling12 and neighing of horses; the parting adieux and waving of handkerchiefs in the hands of lively brunettes, as we defiled13 under the windows and balconies of the Calle Real, crowded with anxious relatives, friends, and sweethearts of many a gallant14 cavalier, who might never return from his distant and perilous15 journey. For my part, I confess, that although for sundry16 reasons I regretted departing from our romantic abode17 in the valleys of Aragua, still, so great was my desire to visit the land of the wild bull and crocodile, that for several nights before leaving home I dreamed of nothing but wild scenes and terrible encounters with the lords of the savannas18.
The method of conducting a South American cattle farm is entirely19 different from that usually practised among the more peaceful scenes of the North American prairies. Here the cattle, accustomed from their birth to the friendly voice of man, readily obey his commands and follow him instinctively20 wherever he leads them. In the plains of South America, on the contrary, the herds hear no other than the voice of Nature in her sublimest21 moods, in the thunders of the storm, and when in her vernal showers she calls upon the crocodiles and other drowsy22 reptiles23, awakening24 them from their periodical summer’s lethargy; and nightly the roar and screams of savage25 beasts answering each other in{3} the darkness. The cattle, thus roaming over extensive plains, and free of all restraint, necessarily require to be occasionally collected together for the purpose of branding and marking the young calves26, which increase there with astonishing rapidity. If this precaution were neglected, they would in time become so dispersed27 over those boundless28 plains, as to be altogether irreclaimable. This operation cannot be accomplished29, however, without a great number of men and horses, both well trained to and thoroughly30 acquainted with this demi-savage occupation. Therefore we mustered31 now quite a little army of Llaneros, or natives of the Llanos, who are the only individuals capable of prosecuting32 and successfully performing the arduous34 duties appertaining to these cattle forays.
Our retinue35 presented pretty much the appearance of an oriental caravan36; it consisted of more than a hundred individuals of all grades and colors; from the bright, rubicund37 faces of merry England’s sons, to the jetty phiz of the native African, all of whom, notwithstanding, fraternized as though sprung from the same race.
Our company, moreover, had been organized as if for a military campaign, and formed the nucleus38 of a more extensive camp, to be increased by additions from different places along the route. The leader—General Paez—besides having acquired in early life a practical knowledge of this peculiar39 warfare40, possessed41 in addition the rare gift of being—in the opinion of many—“the first rider in South America,”{4} and withal the most accomplished Llanero in the Republic. His dispositions42 were accordingly made in a manner most likely to insure success in this strange campaign; passing in review every person and every object, with as scrupulous43 care as he bestowed44 upon the legions under his command in the long strife45 for his country’s freedom; distributing each particular horse with reference to the skill and special duties of his rider, and every load according to the strength of each beast of burden.
Next in importance to the Leader was a Surgeon and Physician, whose valuable services were to be frequently called into requisition. Although we were not now to encounter powder and ball, we had to deal with no less dangerous enemies in the form of wild bulls, snakes, and crocodiles, without reckoning the pestiferous marshes47 of the country.
After our Surgeon came the Treasurer48; his duty was to conduct safely the military chest of the expedition, consisting of sundry bags of hard dollars, ponchos, checkered49 linen50 handkerchiefs of the peculiar pattern worn with so much pride by Llaneros on the head, knives, sword blades, and various other articles of barter51 which they prize more than money itself, and for the attainment52 of which they labor54 hard and even expose their lives.
To me was assigned the honorable post of Secretary to the expedition, whose pleasant duty was to keep its records, and at times those of the political “Bulls and Bears” of the country at large. Attached to this office were an English amateur of wild sports, an English artist of considerable merit, and a{5} few others, who, like myself, not being sufficiently55 trained to the hard operations of the field, were forced to be content with the tamer occupations of the cattle farm, and only an occasional foray among the smaller game of the savannas.
I will mention two other individuals, who, although filling less exalted56 positions than the preceding—being the cook and the washerman—were very necessary to our comfort; not that we felt over-scrupulous with regard to the dressing57 of either ourselves or that of the savory58 dishes of the Llanos—where I relished59 a beafsteak au naturel with as much gusto as though prepared by the Delmonicos or Maillards of New York—but an early cup of coffee was a luxury not to be despised, and an occasional scouring60 of our scanty61 wardrobe was equally an essential. The cook was a mulatto by birth, whose name—Mónico—bore some similarity to that of the distinguished62 caterer63 of William street, and was as great a favorite with us as the latter is among the “down town” gentry64 of the great city, not only on account of his good nature and skill in the preparation of the delicious beverage65 before mentioned,
“que en los festines
La fiebre insana templará á Lieo,”
but also for the aid he lent his companions in mending their tattered66 garments, being as accomplished a tailor and shoemaker as cook. Gaspar, the washerman, was a lame67 negro rather advanced in years, but with all the vivacity68 of his race still sparkling in his eyes. He had earned some reputation in his time as a brave soldier during the protracted69 war of Independence,{6} but, disabled now by a bullet and sundry tiger scars, testimonials of his good service in the cause of humanity, could perform no other work than the rather feminine one allotted70 to him on this occasion. He, however, possessed other accomplishments71, among which the chief was that of recounting his adventures in the wars and with the wild beasts of the field, which made him a desirable companion and general favorite.
Poor fellows! they are both dead, and their bones, as well as those of most of that little band of heroes, are now bleaching72 in the hot sun of the tropics, amid the waving grass of those savannas once rendered famous by their deeds of valor73 and enlivened by their chivalrous74 songs. After faithfully following their leader through dangers and hardships no less terrible than those of the battle-field, one by one they fell, not by foe75 “in battle arrayed,” nor the terrible stroke of the wild bull, but by the assassin’s treacherous76 hand, and those of the unprincipled myrmidons of military misrule; not because of their political influence in the councils of the Nation, but for being the faithful followers77 of their beloved Chieftain.
The reader has now been introduced to those constituting the Staff of the expedition; but in addition a host of attendants and idlers formed the rank and file of this motley assemblage. Each one of these had a special duty to perform. Some were asistentes, or the personal attendants of the former, as no blanco ventures to travel in the Llanos without some cicerone of the country to guide him over the trackless wastes, to saddle his horse, and see that both horse and rider{7} are comfortably quartered for the night. Others were appointed to conduct the beasts of burden, of which there were a formidable array; while the most experienced riders were intrusted with the care and guidance of our madrina, or pack of supernumerary horses, which formed by far the most efficient element of our expedition.
Our drove consisted of about two hundred spirited chargers, as swift and slim as any that ever tramped the hot sands of Yemen or the Sahara; these were to be reinforced with fresh relays from the cattle farms, to supply the place of those which might be carried off from various causes during those exciting hunts.
The only method of travelling as yet adopted in the country is on horseback. This is at first somewhat fatiguing78 to those unaccustomed to long journeys; but the traveller soon becomes inured79 to it, and ends by preferring it to any other, on account of the exhilarating sensation of independence he experiences; at all events, it is the most convenient that can be adopted in a country which, like the Pampas, is subject to vast inundations, and overgrown in all its extent by the rank herbage of the savannas. On the mountains, mules80 are usually preferred for their surefootedness, as also for their astonishing endurance of hunger and fatigue81; but in the Pampas, where journeys must be accomplished with great expedition and rapidity, they are comparatively worthless from the shortness of their gait, and also because their hoofs82 become softened83 by the marshy84 soil which everywhere prevails, they being never shod, owing to a mistaken notion of the riders, who believe that by so doing the surefootedness{8} of the animal is impaired85. The best horses, consequently, had been selected on this occasion, but were not to be saddled until we reached the Llanos. These were all collected into a madrina or drove, together with the vaqueros or horses destined86 for the chase, and placed under the charge of half a dozen experienced Llaneros, who were to drive them loose across the country. In the mean time we would perform on mules the first four days of our journey, which lay across the rough and hilly country between the valleys and the plains. As beasts of burden, mules are particularly serviceable; in view of this we had collected a pack of about twenty for the purpose of transporting our loads, consisting partly, as I have observed, of various descriptions of goods for distribution among the Llaneros, in part payment of their wages; but the greater number were laden87 with our own chattels88 and provisions; for although the Llanos are justly regarded as a land of plenty, the habitations are yet so widely distant, that it is expedient89 to provide for all contingencies90.
Our road, at times, lay across extensive fields of sugar cane91, indigo92, and tobacco; or through vast plantations93 of Erithynas (bucarales) raised for the protection of the shade-loving Cacao trees, loaded with the luscious95 bean that yields its “divine food”[19] to gods and mortals. At other times, extensive tracks of waste lands (rastrojos) overgrown with a luxuriant vegetation, intercepted96 the line of our march, giving{9} the country a wild and desolate97 aspect. Land is so cheap and plentiful98 in Venezuela, that it is always more advantageous99 for the planter, whenever the land has become exhausted100 with repeated cultivation101, to clear a new patch of ground for his crop, than to trouble himself about restoring to the ground by artificial means what nature will provide in the course of time. The rapidity with which a patch of waste land, that only a year or two before had been abandoned as unserviceable, becomes covered with an exuberant102 vegetation in the tropics, is quite extraordinary. Hardly have the plough and hoe of the industrious103 husbandman ceased to harass104 the land with their incessant105 toil106, when an entirely different crop of indigenous107 plants, which had been silently struggling for existence, now make their appearance, and change the aspect of the landscape with new forms of vegetation. Insignificant108 weeds at first, scarcely worth noticing, they soon attain53 sufficient strength to arrest the progress of any stragglers that might have remained of the plantation94. In a short time they have acquired the size and form of well-developed trees, with boughs109 spreading far above a man on horseback; and before two summers have elapsed, not a vestige110 remains111 of what was once a flourishing plantation. An endless variety of creepers, such as convolvulus, bignonias, and passion flowers, now find support among their numerous branches, forming with them the most picturesque7 bowers112 and arcades113, or hanging by their sides in graceful114 garlands and festoons of the most exquisite115 beauty. Our troop of supernumerary horses, as if unwilling116 to leave behind{10} these delightful117 retreats, did not fail to profit by the tangled118 nature of the cover, frequently eluding119 the vigilance of the drivers, and dashing forward whenever they saw an opening to decamp. The most skilful120 management on the part of the drivers was then required to disentangle them from the thick jungle; otherwise we should have arrived at the end of our journey with less than half their number. It was quite amusing to see those reckless fellows gliding121 here and there through the tangled woods in full pursuit of the refractory122 animals, now hanging from one leg down the sides of their steeds, or stretched over their necks to avoid being lifted from the saddle by the intervening branches. In spite of all precaution, and the vigilance of their drivers, we missed several valuable hunters in the course of the journey, every one of which made his way back to the potreros or old grazing grounds with unerring precision. So remarkable123 is this peculiarity124 in horses of one place driven across a strange country, and the cunning they display in effecting their escape, that although we left instructions along the route to secure all deserters, most of those we missed at a considerable distance from Maracay, made their way back across the fields, avoiding in their flight the public roads and populated districts through which we had passed.
Late in the evening we reached San Luis de Cura, a town of some importance on our route. Although we had there many friends of whose hospitality we could have availed ourselves, we preferred passing the night at a Pulperia, or country inn, a short distance in advance—hotels being yet unknown in that{11} part of the country. Our numerous retinue, and especially our horses, accustomed to the unrestrained freedom of the potrero—an enclosed field attached to the Pulperia—precluded all idea of seeking accommodations within the narrow limits of a city residence. Declining, therefore, all invitations to that effect, we pushed on to a place called El Rodeo, a few miles further.
San Luis de Cura—or Villa125 de Cura, as it is usually called—is a sort of entrep?t to which the people of the Llanos resort from time to time to barter the products of their farms for those of foreign manufacture, retailed126 there by country traders. It is, in fact, the connecting link between the agricultural and pastoral sections of the republic; hence we find there the strangest admixture of wild and civilized127 manners and costumes curiously128 intermingled in all the pursuits and vocations129 of the people. Thus we often meet with persons of respectability clad in the elegant city dress, and riding a horse entirely caparisoned in the gaudy130 attire131 of the Llanos, and vice46 versa.
Our accommodations at the inn were not of the most inviting132 description, neither its apartments nor the potrero affording much comfort to the weary caravan, after their long ride. A stony133 bank on the slope of the barren hill for couch and the broad dome134 of heaven for roof, with not even posts enough from which to sling135 our hammocks, was all the hospitality we received at the Pulperia. We slept soundly notwithstanding, softening136 our beds of pebbles137 by spreading our ponchos over them, while each man’s saddle,{12} serving at once as pillow and larder138, furnished us with supper on this occasion. The llanero saddle is admirably adapted for the rough journeys of the country, and though somewhat ponderous139, renders good service to the wandering Llanero in his long peregrinations. These saddles, usually styled vaqueras, in allusion140 to the occupations of the riders, appear to be modelled after the gay accoutrements of the Arabs; the same profusion141 of silver ornament142 and bright-colored trimmings of morocco, the high peak in front, and still higher cantle behind. A comfortable pellon or shabrack, made either of an entire sheepskin or horse hair dyed black and neatly143 braided at one end, covers the entire seat, and hangs from it in graceful folds. Numbers of bags and pockets—bolsas—made of the same material as the saddle, and in keeping with the rest, are affixed144 to it for the purpose of stowing away all those little commodities so essential to the traveller on a long journey, such as papelon, a sort of brown sugar in cakes resembling maple145 sugar, cheese, cakes of Indian corn, and aguardiente, a beverage equally celebrated for its use and its abuse. The stirrups, which are usually carved from a block of wood, present the peculiarity of being longer and heavier than any ever adopted by equestrians146. Although termed africanos, they are just the reverse of their cognomens, as can be seen by comparing the subjoined designs.
An expert rider never places his whole foot in the stirrup, as is the case with the Arabs, but holds it with his big toe, so as to disentangle himself readily in case of a fall. This habit gives a crooked147 shape to{13} the feet and legs of the rider, which peculiarity entitles him to the credit of being a good horseman.
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The carvings148 on some of these stirrups are very fanciful, and display considerable taste. Their beauty is thought to consist chiefly in the two triangular149 appendages150 at the bottom with which they urge on their horses.
The cobija or poncho9 is also a most indispensable commodity on these long journeys; and no traveller should omit providing himself with one, especially during the rainy season. It is fully33 six feet square, with a hole in the centre to admit the head, and its office is twofold, viz., to protect the rider and his cumbrous equipment from the heavy showers and dews of the tropics, and to spread under him when there is no convenience for slinging151 the hammock. It also serves as a protection from the scorching152 rays of the sun, experience having taught its wearer that a thick woollen covering keeps the body moist and cool by day, and warm by night. The poncho used in Venezuela is made double, by sewing together two different blankets, the outside one being dark blue and the inner one bright red, which colors, as is well known, are differently acted upon by light and heat. By exposing alternately the sides of the poncho to{14} the light according to the state of the weather, those modifications153 of temperature most agreeable to the body are obtained. Thus, when the day is damp and cloudy, the dark side of the poncho, which absorbs the most heat, is turned towards the light, while the reverse is the case when the red surface is presented to the sun. On the same principle, the manta, or white linen poncho, is worn when the sun is very powerful, the color in this instance repelling154 the rays of light more readily than the red surface of woollen materials. The manta is a very expensive luxury on account of the embroideries155 that usually decorate it, and which might rival in elegance156 the finest skirt of a New York or Parisian belle157. When worn by a gallant cavalier on a sunny day, it presents in the distance a very picturesque appearance, not unlike the graceful bornouse of the Arabs.
Equally useful and expensive is the hammock, one of the few articles of native manufacture produced in Venezuela, and one which has thus far baffled the ingenuity158 of foreign weavers159 to imitate. It is woven by hand on looms160 of rude construction in very tasteful designs, and trimmed with fringings of the most complicated pattern. A fine hammock costs from fifty to sixty dollars.
It may truly be said that with hammock, poncho, and the saddle with its array of pockets, &c., the roving dwellers161 of the pampas are at home wherever they may be. They are, in fact, the tent, bed, and valise best adapted to the country, affording them all the comfort that a princely rajah could experience under his gorgeous panoply162 of oriental magnificence,{15} and possessing, moreover, the advantage of being easily conveyed from place to place, in a small compass, by the riders. The hammock and the poncho usually form a bundle behind the saddle; with them the traveller makes himself a tent when camping out, by stretching out a rope from end to end of the hammock, over which the poncho is thrown at oblique163 angles, and then tied securely to the rope. Under it the traveller may now defy the storm, and even Old Boreas himself, as the stronger the tent is impelled164 to and fro, the more lulling165 to the sleeper166 will be the motion imparted to it from the outside.
It is surprising to see a horse of so small stature167 as those from the Llanos generally are, carry on his back both the weight of the rider and his ponderous equipment for such considerable distances; but the fact is, that the loads are so well distributed and counterbalanced, that the animals feel no material inconvenience therefrom.
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1
cavalcade
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| n.车队等的行列 | |
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heterogeneous
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| adj.庞杂的；异类的 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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enacted
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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picturesqueness
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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8
variegated
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| adj.斑驳的，杂色的 | |
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poncho
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| n.斗篷，雨衣 | |
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ponchos
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| n.斗篷( poncho的名词复数 ) | |
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11
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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12
trampling
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| 踩( trample的现在分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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13
defiled
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| v.玷污( defile的过去式和过去分词 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进 | |
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14
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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savannas
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| n.（美国东南部的）无树平原( savanna的名词复数 )；（亚）热带的稀树大草原 | |
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19
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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instinctively
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| adv.本能地 | |
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sublimest
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| 伟大的( sublime的最高级 )； 令人赞叹的； 极端的； 不顾后果的 | |
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drowsy
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| adj.昏昏欲睡的，令人发困的 | |
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reptiles
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| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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awakening
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| n.觉醒，醒悟 adj.觉醒中的；唤醒的 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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calves
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| n.(calf的复数)笨拙的男子，腓；腿肚子( calf的名词复数 )；牛犊；腓；小腿肚v.生小牛( calve的第三人称单数 )；（冰川）崩解；生（小牛等），产（犊）；使（冰川）崩解 | |
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dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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mustered
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的过去式和过去分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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prosecuting
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| 检举、告发某人( prosecute的现在分词 )； 对某人提起公诉； 继续从事（某事物）； 担任控方律师 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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caravan
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| n.大蓬车；活动房屋 | |
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rubicund
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| adj.(脸色)红润的 | |
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nucleus
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| n.核，核心，原子核 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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46
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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marshes
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| n.沼泽，湿地( marsh的名词复数 ) | |
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48
treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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49
checkered
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| adj.有方格图案的 | |
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50
linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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51
barter
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| n.物物交换，以货易货，实物交易 | |
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52
attainment
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| n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣 | |
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53
attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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54
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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55
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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56
exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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57
dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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58
savory
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| adj.风味极佳的，可口的，味香的 | |
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59
relished
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| v.欣赏( relish的过去式和过去分词 )；从…获得乐趣；渴望 | |
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60
scouring
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| 擦[洗]净，冲刷，洗涤 | |
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61
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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62
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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63
caterer
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| n. 备办食物者，备办宴席者 | |
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64
gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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65
beverage
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| n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料 | |
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66
tattered
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| adj.破旧的，衣衫破的 | |
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67
lame
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| adj.跛的，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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68
vivacity
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| n.快活，活泼，精神充沛 | |
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69
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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70
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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72
bleaching
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| 漂白法，漂白 | |
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73
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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74
chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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75
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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76
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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77
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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78
fatiguing
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| a.使人劳累的 | |
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79
inured
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| adj.坚强的，习惯的 | |
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80
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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81
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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82
hoofs
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| n.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的名词复数 )v.（兽的）蹄，马蹄( hoof的第三人称单数 ) | |
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83
softened
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| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
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84
marshy
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| adj.沼泽的 | |
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85
impaired
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| adj.受损的；出毛病的；有（身体或智力）缺陷的v.损害，削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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86
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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87
laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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88
chattels
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| n.动产，奴隶( chattel的名词复数 ) | |
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89
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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90
contingencies
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| n.偶然发生的事故，意外事故( contingency的名词复数 )；以备万一 | |
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91
cane
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| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
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92
indigo
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| n.靛青，靛蓝 | |
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93
plantations
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| n.种植园，大农场( plantation的名词复数 ) | |
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94
plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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95
luscious
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| adj.美味的；芬芳的；肉感的，引与性欲的 | |
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96
intercepted
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| 拦截( intercept的过去式和过去分词 )； 截住； 截击； 拦阻 | |
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97
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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98
plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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99
advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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100
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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101
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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102
exuberant
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| adj.充满活力的；（植物）繁茂的 | |
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103
industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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104
harass
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| vt.使烦恼，折磨，骚扰 | |
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105
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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106
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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107
indigenous
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| adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的 | |
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108
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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109
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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110
vestige
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| n.痕迹，遗迹，残余 | |
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111
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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112
bowers
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| n.（女子的）卧室( bower的名词复数 )；船首锚；阴凉处；鞠躬的人 | |
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113
arcades
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| n.商场( arcade的名词复数 )；拱形走道（两旁有商店或娱乐设施）；连拱廊；拱形建筑物 | |
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114
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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115
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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116
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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117
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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118
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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119
eluding
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| v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的现在分词 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到 | |
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120
skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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121
gliding
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| v. 滑翔 adj. 滑动的 | |
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122
refractory
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| adj.倔强的，难驾驭的 | |
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123
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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124
peculiarity
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| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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125
villa
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| n.别墅，城郊小屋 | |
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126
retailed
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| vt.零售（retail的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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127
civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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128
curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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129
vocations
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| n.（认为特别适合自己的）职业( vocation的名词复数 )；使命；神召；（认为某种工作或生活方式特别适合自己的）信心 | |
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130
gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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131
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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132
inviting
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| adj.诱人的，引人注目的 | |
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133
stony
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| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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134
dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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135
sling
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| vt.扔；悬挂；n.挂带；吊索，吊兜；弹弓 | |
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136
softening
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| 变软，软化 | |
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137
pebbles
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| [复数]鹅卵石； 沙砾； 卵石，小圆石( pebble的名词复数 ) | |
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138
larder
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| n.食物贮藏室，食品橱 | |
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139
ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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140
allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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141
profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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142
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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143
neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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144
affixed
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| adj.[医]附着的，附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 )；粘贴；加以；盖（印章） | |
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145
maple
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| n.槭树，枫树，槭木 | |
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146
equestrians
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| n.骑手（equestrian的复数形式） | |
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147
crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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148
carvings
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| n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 )；雕刻术；雕刻品；雕刻物 | |
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149
triangular
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| adj.三角（形）的，三者间的 | |
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150
appendages
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| n.附属物( appendage的名词复数 )；依附的人；附属器官；附属肢体（如臂、腿、尾等） | |
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151
slinging
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| 抛( sling的现在分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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152
scorching
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| adj. 灼热的 | |
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153
modifications
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| n.缓和( modification的名词复数 )；限制；更改；改变 | |
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154
repelling
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| v.击退( repel的现在分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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155
embroideries
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| 刺绣( embroidery的名词复数 )； 刺绣品； 刺绣法 | |
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156
elegance
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| n.优雅；优美，雅致；精致，巧妙 | |
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157
belle
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| n.靓女 | |
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158
ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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159
weavers
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| 织工，编织者( weaver的名词复数 ) | |
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160
looms
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| n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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161
dwellers
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| n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 ) | |
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162
panoply
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| n.全副甲胄，礼服 | |
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163
oblique
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| adj.斜的，倾斜的，无诚意的，不坦率的 | |
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164
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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165
lulling
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| vt.使镇静，使安静（lull的现在分词形式） | |
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166
sleeper
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| n.睡眠者，卧车，卧铺 | |
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167
stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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