When we were apprised1 that every thing was ready at the pass, we moved on from San Pablo with the horses, the cattle following behind by easy marches, to allow them sufficient time to graze on the rich herbage by the way.
On our arrival at Apurito, we found the river quite swollen2 with the recent showers and already extending from bank to bank. The first business was to select among our men and horses the strongest and most capable of enduring the fatigue3 and of guiding through the boisterous4 waves of the Apure the various lots into which the cattle were divided for the purpose. Our next step was to assemble at the pass a sufficient number of canoes with expert paddlers to act in concert with the leading men and horses, by flanking the swimmers in the river. Two long palisades, running parallel down to the bank of the river and narrowing toward the water, had already been constructed; through these the animals, in lots of two hundred at a time, were driven at full speed,{363} with deafening5 shouts and earnest goading6, while two men, stripped naked and mounted on two spirited horses without saddles, headed the movement, plunging7 headlong into the river pell-mell with the cattle, which were thus encouraged to swim across. A herd8 of tame animals was stationed on the opposite shore to incorporate the swimmers as they came out of the water. Having done this, the leaders swam back to procure9 another lot of animals, a feat10 they performed for about twenty successive times in the course of the day. Nevertheless, the task was not so easily accomplished11 as was practised with the horses; for it often happened that the bulls became quite refractory12 and pugnacious13, in which case the men in the canoes were obliged to hold them by the horns, dragging them along by main force as they paddled on; at other times the beasts got alongside of the leading men and horses, and then the danger to both was imminent14, the bulls attacking them in the water; thus many valuable horses were killed by these infuriated animals, while the men had several narrow escapes. What with savage15 bulls, electric eels16, crocodiles and caribes—not to mention other pernicious creatures of the waters and the broad expanse of the river before them—the task of these bold adventurers is truly appalling17; yet they go to work and accomplish their task with a willing heart and a perfect nonchalance18 of every thing around them. The same might be said also in regard to the noble steeds which share with them the dangers of the river, acting19 at the same time the part of floating bridges to the men, and as decoys to the cattle during the passage. Their{364} powers of endurance, in this instance, are the more surprising, inasmuch as they are not allowed even a few moments’ rest after they land, being kept in constant motion the whole day.
A number of horsemen with lazos were also stationed along the shore to secure those bulls which, eluding20 the vigilance of the men in the canoes, succeeded in regaining21 the land; many were drowned, however, in the attempt, and their carcasses abandoned to the turkey-buzzards, from an inherent disgust among the people of the Llanos for the flesh of animals which have not been killed in the usual way. On one or two occasions, the whole troop rebelled against their drivers and succeeded in making their escape to their pasture fields, in spite of the horsemen on shore; others, after reaching the sloping banks across the river below the pass, were arrested in their flight by the overhanging cliffs, and finally hurled22 to a watery23 grave by the rapid rise of the river.
Thus the cost of these expeditions, although exceedingly interesting to those participating in the excitement, is sometimes greater than the profits arising therefrom, and none but Llaneros, who are accustomed to live on beef and water, ought to indulge in this truly savage business. Our loss in horses alone, without reckoning the expenses of the expedition and the danger to flesh and bone, amounted on this occasion to about thirty animals, which in round figures, setting the value of every horse at the minimum price of one hundred dollars, would make the sum of three thousand dollars; while the value of the cattle itself, many of which were also lost to us, could hardly be{365} set down at five dollars a head at that epoch24. One of the horses was so valuable, that our Leader requested the Doctor to attend the wounded animal and endeavor to save his life if possible. On examination, it was found that his bowels25 were partly forced out through the wound; but as he would not allow any body to touch him, it was resolved to tie his feet; then passing a pole through the legs of the animal, he was lifted from the ground in a reverse position, to allow the Doctor to operate more conveniently. It was already very dark, and the group of Llaneros lifting the patient, with others holding up lighted torches made of rags and tallow, and the humorous Esculapius leaning over the struggling beast, presented a scene ludicrous in the extreme. In spite of the skill with which he performed the operation, and the humane27 care of the owner, the horse expired the same night.
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{366}
Three whole days were spent in the laborious28 occupation of forcing the cattle across the river. Nor were the nights less diligently29 employed at the village in the more entertaining recreation of dancing, flirting30 and gambling31, according to the tastes and inclinations32 of our motley assembly. It must be confessed, however, that the latter had more incentives33 for the people of that pastoral region than the shepherd’s reed and crook34. Occasionally a fight would occur during these nocturnal revelries; but this, beyond some hard words and brandishing35 of swords and daggers36 by moonlight, which rather added to the picturesqueness37 of the scene, never ended in any thing very serious.
“Caló el chapeo, requirió la espada,
Miró al soslayo, fuése y no hubo nada.”
The river was now rising so rapidly, that in order to reach our camp in the neighborhood of the village, we were obliged to place canoes across the main street leading to it, for fear of coming in contact with any of the numerous tenants38 of that stream. About this time the fish, conscious of the approaching inundation39 of the savannas40, commence to ascend41 the river in search of those places best suited for spawning43; and so great is the number of those that seek a nuptial44 rendezvous45, that the noise they make in the water can be heard at some distance from the river. During their migration46 the water becomes so tainted47 with their flavor, that it is unfit to drink or wash in. Desirous of obtaining some live specimens48 for sketching49, I procured50 a tarraya, or throw net, which I requested one of our men to launch near the bank; he{367} did so; but when he tried to lift it, he found it impossible unassisted, which made us fear that the net had got entangled51 among snags at the bottom of the river. A companion was called to our assistance, and between us three, we soon brought it up, when, to my astonishment52 and delight, I found the net full of coporos, palometas; and other delicacies53; the caribes, however, soon rendered it perfectly54 useless, which circumstance I considered a misfortune, as I could not keep the fish long without spoiling. Next day I was advised by one of the villagers to place three or four canoes, partly filled with water, across the stream; the fish, finding their progress arrested by the obstruction55, endeavored to jump over; in doing which they fell in the canoes by hundreds. The contrivance succeeded so well, that every morning I could depend on a plentiful56 supply, both for my sketch-book and the frying-pan. My attention was particularly attracted this time by a large fish called the valenton, from its great strength which, as I was informed, enables him to drag a canoe after him when caught with the hook and line. A distressing57 occurrence took place there which nearly cost the life of a young man while engaged in fishing for the valenton. The angler and a friend were engaged in conversation, with their lines thrown carelessly over the sides of the canoe, when the fish seized the bait and ran off, as he is in the habit of doing. The jerk was so violent, that the young man was unable to hold the line, and allowed it to slip through his hands; he was not aware that at the end of the line there was another hook, which buried itself in the thumb of his right{368} hand; the next moment he was violently pitched in the water and dragged for some distance, when fortunately the line broke, and he was picked up almost insensible by his companion. During its gambols58 in the river, the valenton jumps sometimes three feet clear out of the water, raising a large volume of spray and striking the surface with its powerful tail in its fall; so great is the splash, that the noise can be heard a great distance off, especially in the stillness of the night, when the fish seems to be more busily engaged in hunting.
The payara also delights at this time in those jumps so much dreaded59 by fishermen,[46] and even by people wearing any red garment about their persons; for this fish, like the caribe, is said to be attracted by that color, just as wild bulls are; so much so that it often happens that one of them springs on people thus attired60 in the canoes, though it always pays dearly for its temerity61, as, in consequence of the peculiar62 structure of its jaws64, the fish cannot disentangle itself from the garment, to which it remains65 attached until released by the hand of its intended victim, who is very glad of the chance thus unexpectedly thrown in his way, for the payara is a most delicious fish, often weighing twenty and thirty pounds, and withal very beautiful. Of this savage propensity66 people avail themselves to capture this fish without hook or line, on the large rivers, such as the Apure and Orinoco, where they seem to be most daring; a piece of{369} red flannel67, or some other strong material, tied to the end of a long rod, being sufficient for the sport: the tempting68 bait is held over the side of the canoe a few inches above the surface of the water, and no sooner does the fish perceive the alluring69 decoy, than with one spring it seizes it and remains as firmly attached to it, as if held by an iron bolt; for in addition to its formidable row of teeth, which are long and sharp as needles, the payara has on the lower jaw63 two very much elongated70 fangs71 that penetrate72 the head through corresponding passages in it which allow the points to protrude73 close to the eyes of the fish, and unless it tears off the piece, as it often does to the naked and arnatto-stained Indian while paddling his canoe, the payara perishes by its own arms.
Among the many eventful incidents of la Independencia still fresh in the memory of our Leader, he relates an anecdote74 in connection with the Libertador, Simon Bolívar, in which both these champions of freedom participated while engaged on an important reconnoissance during the rainy season. The savannas being, as usual, overflowed75 for the most part, and there being no other means of transportation than the frail77 canoes of the country, the two chieftains were compelled to travel in one of these over their inundated78 domain79, with the assistance of two Indian paddlers. Fish were so numerous, that numbers of them, disturbed by the strokes of the paddles against the sides of the canoe, jumped in all directions, while not a few fell amidst the distinguished80 passengers. The Libertador who, like almost all great men, had also his weak points, possessed81 a very nervous temperament,{370} especially about little things; therefore he felt quite uneasy at the unceremonious intrusion from the finny inhabitants of his swampy82 realms, whose movements he mistook for a mischievous83 propensity on their part to attack the wayfarer84. On the other hand, our Leader, who was always ready to practise a good joke, seized the opportunity to occasionally tip the canoe so as to make it ship water, and more fish along with it. Whereupon his companion, who was not aware of the trick practised upon him, imagining that the fish were becoming bolder as they advanced, exclaimed in utter despair, “D——n it! Compa?ero, let us pull back, for even the fish are savage in this country.”
When the waters subside85, thousands, nay86, millions remain struggling in the ponds and little pools, left on the savannas, where they soon perish and rot away, tainting87 the air with their effluvium. Some of them, like the curito, a species of Silurus, covered with transverse plates surrounding the body, have the power of living buried in the indurated mud, from whence they are called to life again by the returning showers. As they form a most delicious mess, they are eagerly sought by men and women, who resort to these places armed with wicker baskets, and collect great numbers of the fish before they are carried away by the increasing inundation of the savannas.
A very singular belief, shared likewise, according to Sir Emerson Tennent, by the people of Ceylon, exists in the Apure respecting fish falling from the clouds. Alluding88 to this phenomenon, that ingenious writer observes: “Both at Galle and Colombo in the southwest monsoon89, fish are popularly believed to{371} have fallen from the clouds during violent showers; but those found on the occasions that give rise to this belief, consist of smallest fry, such as could be caught up by water-spouts and vortices analogous90 to them, or otherwise blown on shore from the surf; whereas those which suddenly appear in the replenished91 tanks and in the hollows which they overflow76, are mature and well-grown fish. Besides, the latter are found under the circumstances I have described, in all parts of the interior, whilst the prodigy92 of a supposed fall of fish from the sky has been noticed, I apprehend93, only in the vicinity of the sea or of some inland water.”
Although the author further explains the phenomenon on the supposition that some fish are endowed with the power of locomotion94 over land, while others in a torpid95 state remain buried in the mud until the return of the rainy season; yet, I have been assured by reliable persons that live fish have been picked up in places where no such possible contingencies96 could occur; for instance, upon the roofs of houses or amidst wide plains far from running water. Most of those thus found are small, from three to seven inches long; but none of them capable of living more than twenty minutes out of water; and the father of the writer once even witnessed a fall of bocachicos, a fish which seldom lives over five minutes out of its own element.
In support of these views, which were embodied97 in my Wild Scenes in South America, I now have the pleasure of adding the testimony98 of no less an{372} authority than Gosse, who has collected a number of authentic99 examples of this phenomenon in his Romance of Natural History. According to his statements, fish-showers have occurred in all parts of the world, not even excepting his own country—England,—where, early in 1859, the newspapers of South Wales recorded a shower of fish in the Valley of Aberdare. The repeated statements attracted more notice than usual, and the Rev26. John Griffith, the vicar of the parish, communicated the results of his inquiries100 to the Evening Mail.
“If now we look to other lands,” continues the author, “we shall find that the descent of fishes from the atmosphere, under conditions little understood, is a phenomenon which rests on indubitable evidence. Humboldt has published interesting details of the ejection of fish in large quantities from volcanoes in South America. On the night between the 19th and 20th of June, 1698, the summit of Carguairazo, a volcano more than 19,000 feet in height, fell in, and the surrounding country for nearly thirty-two square miles was covered with mud and fishes. A similar eruption101 of fish from the volcano of Imbabura was supposed to have been the cause of a putrid102 fever which raged in the town of Ibarra seven years before that period.”
This is accounted for on the supposition that subterraneous lakes, communicating with surface-waters, form in cavities in the declivities, or at the base of a volcano. In the course of time these internal cavities are burst open by the force of the volcanic103 explosions, and their contents discharged through the water.{373}
But the most extraordinary account recorded by Gosse is that of Dr. Buist, of Bombay, who, after enumerating104 the cases above cited, and others of similar character, goes on to say:—“In 1824 fishes fell at Meerut on the men of her Majesty’s 14th Regiment105, then out at drill, and were caught in numbers. In July, 1826, live fish were seen to fall on the grass at Moradabad during a storm. They were the common Cyprinus, so prevalent in our Indian waters. On the 19th of February, 1830, at noon, a heavy fall of fish occurred at the Nokulhatty factory, in the Daccah Zillah; depositions106 on the subject were obtained from nine different parties. The fish were all dead; most of them were large; some were fresh; others were rotten and mutilated. They were seen at first in the sky, like a flock of birds, descending108 rapidly to the ground; there was rain drizzling109, but no storm. On the 16th and 17th of May, 1833, a fall of fish occurred in the Zillah of Foottehpoor, about three miles north of Jumna, after a violent storm of wind and rain. The fish were from a pound and a half to three pounds in weight, and the same species as those found in the tanks in the neighborhood. They were all dead and dry. A fall of fish occurred at Allahabad during a storm in May, 1835; they were of the chowla species, and were found dead and dry after the storm had passed over the district. On the 20th of September, 1839, after a smart shower of rain, a quantity of fish, about three inches in length, and all of the same kind, fell at the Sunderbunds, about twenty miles south of Calcutta. On{374} this occasion it was remarked that the fish did not fall here and there irregularly over the ground, but in a continuous straight line, not more than a span in breadth. The vast multitudes of fish with which the low grounds around Bombay are covered, about a week or ten days after the first burst of the monsoon, appear to be derived110 from the adjoining pools or rivulets111, and not to descend107 from the sky. They are not, as far as I know, found in the higher parts of the island. I have never seen them, though I have watched carefully, in casks collecting water from the roofs of buildings, or heard of them on the decks or awnings112 of vessels113 in the harbor, where they must have appeared had they descended114 from the sky. One of the most remarkable115 phenomena116 of this kind occurred during a tremendous deluge117 of rain at Kattywar, on the 25th of July, 1850, where the ground around Rajkote was found literally118 covered with fish; some of them were found on the top of haystacks, where probably they had been drifted by the storm. In the course of twenty-four successive hours twenty-seven inches of rain fell; thirty-five fell in twenty-six hours, seven inches in one hour and a half, being the heaviest fall on record. At Poonah, on the 3d of August, 1852, after a very heavy fall of rain, multitudes of fish were caught on the ground in the cantonments, full half a mile from the nearest stream. If showers of fish are to be explained on the assumption that they are carried up by squalls or violent winds from rivers or spaces of water not far away from where they fall, it would be nothing wonderful were they seen to{375} descend from the air during the furious squalls which occasionally occur in July.”
Sir E. Tennent, before cited, also witnessed in Ceylon another of those fish-showers:—“I had an opportunity, on one occasion only, of witnessing the phenomenon which gives rise to this popular belief. I was driving in the cinnamon gardens near the fort of Colombo, and saw a violent but partial shower descend at no great distance before me. On coming to the spot, I found a multitude of small silvery fish, from one and a half to two inches in length, leaping on the gravel119 of the high road, numbers of which I collected and brought away in my palanquin. The spot was about half a mile from the sea, and entirely120 unconnected with any water-course or pool.”[47]
The same curious fact respecting the habits of certain kinds of fish in the Llanos, which bury themselves in the mud at the close of the rainy season, also appears to take place in India and Ceylon; for, according to Gosse, “the pools, reservoirs, and tanks are well provided with fish of various species, though the water twice every year becomes perfectly evaporated, and the mud of the bottom is entirely converted into dust, or takes the condition of baked clay, gaping122 with wide and deep clefts123, in which not the slightest sign of moisture can be detected. This is the case with temporary hollows in the soil, which have no connection with running streams or permanent waters,{376} from which they might be supposed to receive a fresh stock of fish.”
After proving conclusively124 that these fishes could not proceed from either the clouds, as the generality of people believe, nor from impregnated ova, as Mr. Farrell suggests, the author observes:—“Neither of these hypotheses, then, will account for the fact; and we must admit that the fishes of these regions, have the instinct to burrow125 down in the solid mud of the bottom, at the approach of the dry season, and the power of retaining life, doubtless in a torpid condition, until the return of the periodic rains, as Theophrastus long ago observed.”
But, who ever heard of showers of toads127 and frogs? Yet, such is the fact, astonished reader; and were you to visit with me some of the lagoons128 and ponds of South America at night, you would not fail to notice that the air, as well as the earth and waters, seems filled with the piercing, deafening noise proceeding129 from them. “According to travellers in tropical America, the inhabitants of Porto Bello assert that every drop of rain is changed into a toad126; the most instructed, however, believe that the spawn42 of these animals is raised with the vapor121 from the adjoining swamps, and, being driven in the clouds over the city, the ova are hatched as they descend in rain. ’Tis certain that the streets after a night of heavy rain are almost covered with the ill-favored reptiles130; and it is impossible to walk without crushing them. But heretic philosophers point to the mature growth of the vermin, many of them being{377} six inches in length, and maintain that the hypothesis just mentioned will scarcely account for the appearance of these.”[48]
But it is not South America alone that can boast of such an extraordinary phenomenon; for the same accomplished author records similar showers as occurring in England and various parts of the Continent: “In two or three of these cases, the toads were not only observed in countless131 numbers on the ground during and after heavy storms of rain, but were seen to strike upon the roofs of houses, bounding thence into the streets; they even fell upon the hats, and, in one instance, were actually received into the outstretched hand.”
It would seem that not even quadrupeds are exempt132 there, from the same rule, for we often hear the phrase in English, “If it should rain cats and dogs,” which I, for want of a better acquaintance with English phraseology, am at a loss how to interpret. We all know that stone-showers are not uncommon133, especially ever since “the thunderer,” Jupiter, alias134 Jove, lost his power among us through the advancing strides of civilization. Previous to this, we are told of his paying occasional visits to his lady-loves on earth in the shape of golden showers, which have been exchanged subsequently for a less costly135 material; but showers of “cats and dogs” I do not believe ever occurred, even to an old sinner like him.
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1
apprised
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| v.告知，通知( apprise的过去式和过去分词 )；评价 | |
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swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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boisterous
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| adj.喧闹的，欢闹的 | |
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deafening
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| adj. 振耳欲聋的, 极喧闹的 动词deafen的现在分词形式 | |
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6
goading
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| v.刺激( goad的现在分词 )；激励；（用尖棒）驱赶；驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人 | |
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7
plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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9
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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11
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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refractory
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| adj.倔强的，难驾驭的 | |
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13
pugnacious
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| adj.好斗的 | |
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imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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16
eels
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| abbr. 电子发射器定位系统（=electronic emitter location system） | |
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appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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nonchalance
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| n.冷淡，漠不关心 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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eluding
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| v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的现在分词 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到 | |
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regaining
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| 复得( regain的现在分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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23
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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bowels
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| n.肠，内脏，内部；肠( bowel的名词复数 )；内部，最深处 | |
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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diligently
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| ad.industriously;carefully | |
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flirting
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| v.调情，打情骂俏( flirt的现在分词 ) | |
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gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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inclinations
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| 倾向( inclination的名词复数 )； 倾斜； 爱好； 斜坡 | |
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incentives
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| 激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机 | |
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crook
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| v.使弯曲；n.小偷，骗子，贼；弯曲(处) | |
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brandishing
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| v.挥舞( brandish的现在分词 )；炫耀 | |
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daggers
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| 匕首，短剑( dagger的名词复数 ) | |
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picturesqueness
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tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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inundation
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| n.the act or fact of overflowing | |
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40
savannas
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| n.（美国东南部的）无树平原( savanna的名词复数 )；（亚）热带的稀树大草原 | |
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41
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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42
spawn
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| n.卵，产物，后代，结果；vt.产卵，种菌丝于，产生，造成；vi.产卵，大量生产 | |
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43
spawning
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| 产卵 | |
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44
nuptial
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| adj.婚姻的，婚礼的 | |
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45
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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46
migration
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| n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙 | |
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47
tainted
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| adj.腐坏的；污染的；沾污的；感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏 | |
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48
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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49
sketching
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| n.草图 | |
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50
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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51
entangled
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| adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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52
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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53
delicacies
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| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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54
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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55
obstruction
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| n.阻塞，堵塞；障碍物 | |
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56
plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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57
distressing
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| a.使人痛苦的 | |
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58
gambols
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| v.蹦跳，跳跃，嬉戏( gambol的第三人称单数 ) | |
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59
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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60
attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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61
temerity
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| n.鲁莽，冒失 | |
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62
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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63
jaw
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| n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训 | |
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64
jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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65
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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66
propensity
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| n.倾向；习性 | |
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67
flannel
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| n.法兰绒；法兰绒衣服 | |
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68
tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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69
alluring
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| adj.吸引人的，迷人的 | |
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70
elongated
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| v.延长，加长( elongate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
fangs
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| n.（尤指狗和狼的）长而尖的牙( fang的名词复数 )；（蛇的）毒牙；罐座 | |
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72
penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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protrude
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| v.使突出，伸出，突出 | |
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74
anecdote
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| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
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75
overflowed
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| 溢出的 | |
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76
overflow
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| v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出；溢出，流出，漫出 | |
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77
frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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inundated
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| v.淹没( inundate的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多事物）使难以应付 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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81
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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82
swampy
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| adj.沼泽的，湿地的 | |
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83
mischievous
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| adj.调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的 | |
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84
wayfarer
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| n.旅人 | |
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85
subside
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| vi.平静，平息；下沉，塌陷，沉降 | |
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86
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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87
tainting
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| v.使变质( taint的现在分词 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏 | |
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88
alluding
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| 提及，暗指( allude的现在分词 ) | |
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89
monsoon
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| n.季雨，季风，大雨 | |
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90
analogous
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| adj.相似的；类似的 | |
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91
replenished
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| 补充( replenish的过去式和过去分词 )； 重新装满 | |
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prodigy
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| n.惊人的事物，奇迹，神童，天才，预兆 | |
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apprehend
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| vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑 | |
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locomotion
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| n.运动，移动 | |
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95
torpid
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| adj.麻痹的，麻木的，迟钝的 | |
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96
contingencies
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| n.偶然发生的事故，意外事故( contingency的名词复数 )；以备万一 | |
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97
embodied
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| v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 )；象征；包括；包含 | |
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98
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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99
authentic
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| a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的 | |
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100
inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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101
eruption
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| n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作 | |
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102
putrid
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| adj.腐臭的；有毒的；已腐烂的；卑劣的 | |
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103
volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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104
enumerating
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| v.列举，枚举，数( enumerate的现在分词 ) | |
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105
regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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106
depositions
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| 沉积（物）( deposition的名词复数 )； （在法庭上的）宣誓作证； 处置； 罢免 | |
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107
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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108
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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109
drizzling
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| 下蒙蒙细雨，下毛毛雨( drizzle的现在分词 ) | |
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110
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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111
rivulets
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| n.小河，小溪( rivulet的名词复数 ) | |
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112
awnings
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| 篷帐布 | |
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113
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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114
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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115
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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116
phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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117
deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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118
literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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119
gravel
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| n.砂跞；砂砾层；结石 | |
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120
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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121
vapor
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| n.蒸汽，雾气 | |
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122
gaping
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| adj.口的；张口的；敞口的；多洞穴的v.目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的现在分词 )；张开，张大 | |
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123
clefts
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| n.裂缝( cleft的名词复数 )；裂口；cleave的过去式和过去分词；进退维谷 | |
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124
conclusively
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| adv.令人信服地，确凿地 | |
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125
burrow
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| vt.挖掘(洞穴)；钻进；vi.挖洞；翻寻；n.地洞 | |
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126
toad
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| n.蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆 | |
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127
toads
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| n.蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆( toad的名词复数 ) | |
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128
lagoons
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| n.污水池( lagoon的名词复数 )；潟湖；（大湖或江河附近的）小而浅的淡水湖；温泉形成的池塘 | |
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129
proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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130
reptiles
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| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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131
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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132
exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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133
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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134
alias
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| n.化名；别名；adv.又名 | |
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135
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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