The English came to Britain in 449. About three hundred and fifty years later (790) the Danes began to ravage3 Northumbria, which you have come to know through the story of C?dmon the cowherd. But the Danes were of English stock,[Pg 58] so to speak, and they neither changed the language nor altered things in the life of boys and girls and men and women. After all it was much the same life after they came as it was before. They brought with them some stories—just as the English "Beowulf." Among the Danish-English stories were "Havelok the Dane" and "King Horn," both written down about 1280, but told and sung much before that time.
In her early days before she became a great world power, England had many conquerors5. Not only the English and the Danes, but also the Normans were her conquerors in 1066 under William the Conqueror4. English story-telling, as, for example, Malory's "Morte d'Arthur," could never have been the same without the Norman or French influence. If we pick up a handful of so-called English words, we shall see that some of these words are English, others are French, and still others Latin in their origin. But the Norman spoke6 French only for a while in England. He soon left the speaking and writing of French for that of English. However, there are many beautiful words, many strong words, many words of customs and manners which we should not find in the Great Palace of English Literature but for the conquerors who came to England.
There are several manuscripts in which the story of Havelok is found. But the one which is[Pg 59] written in an English dialect shows best how old the story is.
There was a King whose name was Aethelwold, whose only heir was a tiny little girl. And the little girl's name was Goldborough. Alas7, the King found he must die and leave his little girl fatherless! So he called to him the wisest and mightiest8 of his earls. The name of this Earl was Godrich. And the King made the Earl promise that he would guard his little girl until she was twenty years old, and that then he would give her in marriage to the fairest and strongest man alive.
But when the Earl Godrich saw how lovely little Goldborough was going to be, and knew that he would have to give up the kingdom to her before long, he was angry, and took her from Winchester to Dover on the English seacoast and shut little Goldborough up in a castle so that she could not get out.
In Denmark, just about this time, there lived a King whose name was Birkabeyn who had one boy and two sweet little girls. He, too, realized that he had to die. So he called to him his wisest Earl, a man by the name of Godard, and charged him to care for his children until Havelok, the boy, was old enough to rule the land. But this wicked Earl shut little Swanborow and Helfled up in a castle and had them killed.
And Godard was just about to kill Havelok, [Pg 60]too, when he bethought him he would have somebody else do this terrible deed. The wicked Earl sent for a fisherman who would, he knew, do his will.
"Grim," said the wicked Earl, "to-morrow I will make thee rich if thou wilt9 take this child and throw him into the sea to-night."
Grim took the boy Havelok and bound him and gagged him and took him home in a black bag. When Grim carried the sack into his cottage, Dame10 Leve, his wife, was so frightened that she dropped the sack her husband had handed to her, and cracked poor little Havelok's head against a stone.
They let the boy lie this way until midnight, when it would be dark enough for Grim to drown Havelok in the sea. Leve was just bringing Grim some clothes that he might put on to go out and drown the King's son, when they saw a light shining about the child.
"What is this light?" cried Dame Leve. "Rise up, Grim."
In haste the fisherman rose and they went over to the child, about whose head shone a clear light, from whose mouth came rays of light like sunbeams. It was as if many candles were burning in that tiny fisherman's hut. They unbound the boy and they found on his right shoulder a king's mark, bright and fair like the lights.
They were overcome by what Godard had done [Pg 61]and had almost led them to do. They fell upon their knees before the little boy and promised to feed and clothe him. And so they did, and they were very good to him and kept him from all harm. But Grim and his wife became frightened, for fear that Godard would discover that they had not drowned the child and would hang them. Thereupon Grim sold all that he had, sheep, cow, horse, pigs, goat, geese, hens—everything, in short, that was his. Taking his money, he put his wife, his three little sons, and two pretty little girls and Havelok into his fishing-boat and they set sail for England.
The north wind blew and drove them down upon the coast of England near the river Humber, and there Grim landed, and the place is called[Pg 62] Grimsby to this day. Then Grim set himself to his old occupation of fishing, and he caught sturgeon, whale, turbot, salmon11, seal, porpoise12, mackerel, flounder, plaice, and thornback. And he and his sons carried the fish about in baskets and sold them.
Yet while Grim fed his family well, Havelok lay at home and did naught13. And when Havelok stopped to think about that, he was ashamed, for he was a fine, strong boy.
"Work is no shame," said the King's son to himself.
And the next day he carried to market as much fish as four men could. And every bit of fish did he sell and brought back the money, keeping not a farthing for himself. Alas! there came a famine about this time, and Grim had great fear on Havelok's account lest the boy starve.
"Havelok," said Grim, "our meat is long since gone. For myself it does not matter, but I fear for thee. Thou knowest how to get to Lincoln, and there they will give thee a chance to earn thy food. Since thou art naked, I will make thee a coat from my sail."
This he did, and with the coat on and barefoot the King's son found his way to Lincoln. For two days the lad had no food. On the third day he heard some one crying, "Bearing-men, bearing-men, come here!" Havelok leaped forward to the [Pg 63]Earl's cook and bore the food to the castle. Another time he lifted a whole cart-load of fish and bore it to the castle.
The cook looked him over and said: "Wilt thou work for me? I will feed thee gladly."
"Feed me," answered Havelok, "and I will make thy fire burn and wash thy dishes."
And because Havelok was a strong lad and a good boy, as all kings' sons are not, he worked hard from that day forth14. He bore all the food in and carried all the wood and the water, and worked as hard as if he were a beast. And he was a merry lad, too, for he knew how to hide his griefs. And the old story says that all who saw him loved him, for he was meek15 and strong and fair. But still he had nothing but the wretched coat to wear. So the cook took pity on him and bought him span-new clothes and gave him stockings and shoes. And when he had put them on he looked the King's son he was. At the Lincoln games he was "like a mast," taller and straighter than any youth there. In wrestling he overcame every one. Yet he was known for his gentleness. Never before had Havelok seen stone-putting, but when his master told him to try, Havelok threw the stone twelve feet beyond what any one else could do.
The story of the stone-putting was being told in castle and hall when Earl Godrich heard it, and said to himself that here was the tallest, strongest, and fairest man alive, and he would fulfil his[Pg 64] promise and get rid of Goldborough, the King's daughter, by giving her to Havelok, whom he thought to be just a cook's boy. Now Havelok did not wish to marry any more than did Goldborough, but they were forced to. And when they were married Havelok knew not whither they could go, for he saw that Godrich hated them and that their lives were not safe.
Therefore they went on foot to Grimsby, and royal was their welcome. Grim, the fisherman, had died.
But his five children fell on their knees and said: "Welcome, dear lord. Stay here and all is thine."
And that night as they lay on their bed in the fisherman's hut, Goldborough discovered, because of the bright light which came from the mouth of Havelok, that he was a King's son. And it was not long after this they all set sail for Denmark, so that Havelok, with the help of Grim's sons and many others, might win back the kingdom of Denmark.
It was in the house of Bernard Brown, the magistrate16 of the Danish town, that sixty strong thieves, clad in wide sleeves and closed capes17, attacked him. Bernard Brown seized an ax and leaped to the door to defend his home.
One of the thieves shouted at him, "We will go in at this door despite thee."
And he broke the door asunder18 with a boulder19.[Pg 65] Whereupon Havelok took the great bar from across the door. And with the bar he slew20 several, yet the thieves had wounded him in many places, when Grim's sons came upon the scene to defend their lord and saw the thieves treating Havelok as a smith does his anvil21. Like madmen the three sons of Grim leaped into the fight, and they fought until not one of the thieves was left alive.
When Earl Ubbe heard of this he rode down to Bernard Brown's. Then he heard the story of Havelok's bravery and of the terrible wounds he had received, so that Bernard Brown feared he might die because of them.
"Fetch Havelok quickly," commanded Ubbe. "If he can be healed, I myself will dub22 him knight23."
When a leech24 saw the wounds of Havelok he told Ubbe that they could be cured.
"Come forth now," said Ubbe to Havelok, "thou and Goldborough and thy three servants."
And with rejoicing did Ubbe bring them to his city. And about the middle of the night Ubbe saw a great light in the tower where Havelok was sleeping. He peered through a crack and he saw that the "sunny gleam" came from Havelok's mouth. It was as if a hundred and seven candles were burning, and on Havelok's shoulder was a clear, shining cross.
"He is Birkabeyn's heir," said Ubbe, "for never[Pg 66] in Denmark was brother so like to brother as this fair man is like the dead King."
And Earl Ubbe and his men fell at Havelok's feet and awoke him. And very happy was Havelok, and thankful to God. And then came barons25 and warriors26 and thanes and knights27 and common men, and all swore fealty28 to Havelok. With a bright sword Ubbe dubbed29 Havelok knight and made him King. And the three sons of Grim were also made knights. Thereat were all men happy, and they wrestled30 and played, played the harp31 and the pipe, read romances from a book, and sang old tales. There was every sort of sport and plenty of food.
Finally they all, a thousand knights and five thousand men, set forth that Havelok might take vengeance32 on the wicked Earl Godard. There was a hard fight, but at last they caught and bound Earl Godard. And he was hung on the gallows33 and died there. Such was the end of one who betrayed his trust.
The wicked Earl Godrich in England, who had robbed Goldborough of her kingdom, heard that Havelok was become King of Denmark and also that he was come to Grimsby. So he gathered all his army together and there was a great battle. And the battle was going against Havelok, when the wicked hand of Godrich was struck off. After that Havelok and his men were victorious34. Then did they condemn35 the Earl Godrich to death.[Pg 67] And he was bound to an ass36 and led through London and burned at the stake. Such was the end of one who betrayed his trust.
And after that Havelok and Goldborough reigned37 in England for sixty years. So great was the love of the King and Queen for each other that all marveled at it. Neither was happy away from the other. And never were they angry, for their love for each other was always new.
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1
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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2
invader
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| n.侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者 | |
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3
ravage
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| vt.使...荒废，破坏...；n.破坏，掠夺，荒废 | |
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4
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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6
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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7
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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mightiest
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| adj.趾高气扬( mighty的最高级 )；巨大的；强有力的；浩瀚的 | |
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9
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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10
dame
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| n.女士 | |
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11
salmon
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| n.鲑，大马哈鱼，橙红色的 | |
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12
porpoise
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| n.鼠海豚 | |
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13
naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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14
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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15
meek
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| adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的 | |
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16
magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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17
capes
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| 碎谷； 斗篷( cape的名词复数 )； 披肩； 海角； 岬 | |
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18
asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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19
boulder
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| n.巨砾；卵石，圆石 | |
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20
slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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21
anvil
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| n.铁钻 | |
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22
dub
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| vt.（以某种称号）授予，给...起绰号，复制 | |
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23
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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24
leech
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| n.水蛭，吸血鬼，榨取他人利益的人；vt.以水蛭吸血；vi.依附于别人 | |
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barons
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| 男爵( baron的名词复数 )； 巨头； 大王； 大亨 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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27
knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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28
fealty
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| n.忠贞，忠节 | |
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29
dubbed
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| v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制 | |
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30
wrestled
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| v.（与某人）搏斗( wrestle的过去式和过去分词 )；扭成一团；扭打；（与…）摔跤 | |
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31
harp
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| n.竖琴；天琴座 | |
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32
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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33
gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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34
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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35
condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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36
ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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37
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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