THE scene was changed.
It was the 1st of June. I remember the date because it was my birthday, and this particular June day is doubly engraven on my mind as the most important Sunday in 1902. It was a warm summer’s evening as I drove down Harley Street to dine with Sir Anderson and Lady Critchett, whose dinners are as famous as his own skill as an oculist1.
Most of the company had assembled. Mr. and Mrs. Kendal were already there, Frank Wedderburn, K.C., Mr. Luke Fildes, R.A., who had just completed his portrait of the King, Mr. Orchardson, R.A., Mr. Lewis Coward, K.C., and their wives, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Sassoon, Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Courtney, when the Beerbohm Trees were announced. He bore a telegram in his hand.
[Pg 174]
“Have you heard the news?” he asked.
“No,” every one replied, guessing by his face it was something of importance.
“Peace has been officially signed,” was the reply.
Great was the joy of all present. There had been a possibility felt all day that the good news from South Africa might be confirmed on that Sunday, although it was supposed it could not be known for certain until Monday. Sunday is more or less a dies non in London, but as the tape is always working at the theatre, Mr. Tree had instructed a clerk to sit and watch the precious instrument all day, so as to let him have the earliest information of so important an event. As he was dressing2 for dinner in Sloane Street, in rushed the clerk, breathless with excitement, bearing the news of the message of Peace that had sped across a quarter of the world.
This in itself made that dinner-party memorable3, but it was memorable in more ways than one, as among the twenty people round that table sat four of the chief performers in The Merry Wives of Windsor, which was to electrify4 London as a Coronation performance ten days later.
Sir Anderson himself is connected with the drama, for his brother is Mr. R. C. Carton, the well-known dramatic author. Sir Anderson is also an indefatigable5 first-nighter, and being an excellent raconteur6, knows many amusing stories of actors of the day. In his early years an exceptionally fine voice almost[Pg 175] tempted7 him on to the lyric8 stage, but he has had no cause to regret that his ultimate choice was ophthalmic surgery.
It was a stroke of genius, the genius of the seer, on the part of Beerbohm Tree, to invite the two leading actresses of England to perform at his theatre during Coronation season.
It came about in this way. On looking round the Houses, Mr. Tree noticed that, although Shakespeare was to the fore9 in the provinces, filling two or three theatres, there happened to be no Shakespearian production—except an occasional matinée at the Lyceum—going on in London during the Coronation month. Of course London without Shakespeare is like Hamlet without the Dane to visitors from the Colonies and elsewhere. Something must be done. He decided10 what. A good all-round representation, played without any particular star part would suit the purpose, and a record cast would suit the stranger. Accordingly Mr. Tree jumped into a hansom and drove to Mrs. Kendal’s home in Portland Place, where he was announced, and exclaimed:
“I have come to ask you to act for me at His Majesty’s for the Coronation month. Your own tour will be finished by that time.”
For one hour they talked, Mrs. Kendal declaring she had not played under any management save her husband’s for so many years that the suggestion seemed well-nigh impossible.
“Besides,” she added, “you should ask Ellen Terry, who is my senior, and stands ahead of[Pg 176] me in the profession. She has not yet appeared since she returned from America. There is your chance.”
Whereupon there ensued further discussion, till finally Mrs. Kendal laughingly remarked:
“Well, if you can get Ellen Terry to act, I will play with you both with pleasure.”
Off went Mr. Tree to the hansom, and directed the driver to take him at once to Miss Terry’s house, for he was determined11 not to let the grass grow under his feet. He brought his personal influence to bear on the famous actress for another hour, at the end of which time she had consented to play if Sir Henry Irving would allow her. This permission was quickly obtained, and two hours after leaving Portland Place Mr. Tree was back to claim Mrs. Kendal’s promise. It was sharp work; one morning overcame what at the outset seemed insurmountable obstacles, and thus was arranged one of the best and luckiest performances ever given. For weeks and weeks that wonderful cast played to overflowing12 houses. The month wore on, but the public taste did not wear out, July found all these stars still in the firmament13, and even in August they remained shining in town.
Moral: the very best always receives recognition. The “best” lay in the acting14, for as a play the Merry Wives is by no means one of Shakespeare’s best. It is said he wrote it in ten days by order of Queen Elizabeth. How delighted Bouncing Bess would have been if she could have seen the Coronation performance!
Photo by London Stereoscopic Co., Ltd., Cheapside, E.C.
MR. BEERBOHM TREE AS FALSTAFF.
[Pg 177]
I passed down the Haymarket early in the morning preceding that famous first night. There, sitting on camp-stools, were people who had been waiting from 5 a.m. to get into the pit and gallery that evening. They had a long wait, over twelve hours some of them, but certainly they thought it worth while if they enjoyed themselves as much as I did. It was truly a record performance.
The house was packed; in one box was the Lord Chief Justice of England, in the stalls below him Sir Edward Clarke, at one time Solicitor-General, and who has perhaps the largest practice at the Bar of any one in London. Then there was Mr. Kendal not far off, watching his wife. Mr. and Mrs. Beerbohm Tree’s daughter—showing a strong resemblance to both parents—was in a box; Princess Colonna was likewise there; together with some of the most celebrated15 doctors, such as Sir Felix Semon, learned in diseases of the throat, Sir Anderson Critchett, our host of a few nights before, while right in the front sat old Mrs. Beerbohm, watching her son with keen interest and enjoyment16, and, a little behind, that actor’s clever brother, known on an important weekly as “Max,” a severe and caustic17 dramatic critic.
The enthusiasm of the audience was extraordinary. When some one had called for the feminine “stars” at one of the rehearsals19, Mrs. Kendal, with ready wit, seized Ellen Terry by the hand, exclaiming:
“Ancient Lights would be more appropriate, methinks[Pg 178]!”
Below is the programme.
TUESDAY, JUNE 10th, 1902, at 8.15
SHAKESPEARE’S COMEDY
the merry wives of windsor
Sir John Falstaff Mr. Tree
Master Fenton Mr. Gerald Lawrence
Justice Shallow Mr. J. Fisher White
Master Slender (Cousin to Shallow) Mr. Charles Quartermain
Master Ford20 } Gentlemen dwelling21 at { Mr. Oscar Asche
Master Page Windsor Mr. F. Percival Stevens
Sir Hugh Evans (a Welsh Parson) Mr. Courtice Pounds
Dr. Caius (a French Physician) Mr. Henry Kemble
Host of the “Garter” Inn Mr. Lionel Brough
Bardolph
Mr. Allen Thomas
Nym Followers22 of Falstaff Mr. S. A. Cookson
Pistol Mr. Julian L’Estrange
Robin23 (Page to Falstaff) Master Vivyan Thomas
Simple (Servant to Slender) Mr. O. B. Clarence
Rugby (Servant to Dr. Caius) Mr. Frank Stanmore
Mistress Page Miss Ellen Terry
(By the Courtesy of Sir Henry Irving)
Mistress Anne Page (Daughter to Mrs. Page) Mrs. Tree
Mistress Quickly (Servant to Dr. Caius) Miss Zeffie Tilbury
Mistress Ford Mrs. Kendal
(By the Courtesy of Mr. W. H. Kendal)
The Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy, but it was played on the first night as a comedy of comedies, every one, including Lionel Brough as the Innkeeper, being delightfully24 jovial25. Every one seemed in the highest spirits, and all those sedate26 actors and actresses thoroughly27 enjoyed a romp28. When the two[Pg 179] ladies of the evening appeared on the scene hand in hand, convulsed with laughter, they were clapped so enthusiastically that it really seemed as if they would never be allowed to begin.
What a contrast they were, in appearance and style. They had played together as children, but never after, till that night. During the forty years that had rolled over Ellen Terry’s head since those young days she has developed into a Shakespearian actress of the first rank. Her life has been spent in declaiming blank verse, wearing medi?val robes, and enacting29 tragedy and comedy of ancient days by turn, and added to her vast experience, she has a great and wonderful personality.
Mrs. Kendal, on the other hand, who stands at the head of the comedians30 of the day, and is also mistress of her art, has played chiefly modern parts and depicted31 more constantly the sentiment of the time; but has seldom attacked blank verse; therefore, the two leading actresses of England are distinctly dissimilar in training and style. No stronger contrast could have been imagined; and yet, although neither part actually suited either, the finished actress was evident in every gesture, every tone, every look of both, and it would be hard to say which achieved the greatest triumph, each was so perfect in her own particular way.
Miss Ellen Terry did not know her words—she rarely does on a first night, and is even prone32 to forget her old parts. Appearing in a new character that she was obliged to learn for the occasion, she had not[Pg 180] been able to memorise33 it satisfactorily; but that did not matter in the least. She looked charming, she was charming, the prompter was ever ready, and if she did repeat a line a second time while waiting to be helped with the next, no one seemed to think that of any consequence. When she went up the stairs to hide while Mrs. Kendal (Mrs. Ford) made Tree (Falstaff) propose to her, Mrs. Kendal packed her off in great style, and then wickedly and with amusing emphasis remarked:
“Mistress Page, remember your cue,” which of course brought down the house.
Their great scene came in the third act, when they put Falstaff into the basket. Mr. Tree was excellent as the preposterously34 fat knight35—a character verily all stuff and nonsense. He is a tall man, and in his mechanical body reaches enormous girth. Falstaff and the Merry Wives had a regular romp over the upset of the basket, and the audience entering into the fun of the thing laughed as heartily36 as they did. Oh dear, oh dear! how every one enjoyed it.
A few nights later during this same scene Mr. Tree was observed to grow gradually thinner. He seemed to be going into a “rapid decline,” for his belt began to slip about, and his portly form grew less and less. Ellen Terry noticed the change: it was too much for her feelings. With the light-hearted gaiety of a child she was convulsed with mirth. She pointed37 out the phenomenon to Mrs. Kendal, who at once saw the humour of it, as did the audience, but the chief actor could not fathom38 the cause of the immoderate[Pg 181] hilarity39 until his belt began to descend40. Then he realised that “Little Mary”—which in his case was an air pillow—had lost her screw, and was rapidly fading away.
But to return to that memorable first night; as the curtain fell on the last act the audience clapped and clapped, and not content with having the curtain up four or five times, called and called until the entire company danced hand in hand across the stage in front of the curtain. Even that was not enough, although poor Mrs. Kendal lost her enormous horned head-dress during the dance. The curtain had to be rung up again and again, till Mr. Tree stepped forward and said he had no speech to make beyond thanking the two charming ladies for their assistance and support, whereupon these two executed pas seuls on either side of the portly Falstaff.
It was a wonderful performance, and although the two women mentioned stood out pre-eminently, one must not forget Mrs. Tree, who appeared as “Sweet Anne Page.” She received quite an ovation41 when her husband brought her forward to bow her acknowledgments. Bows on such an occasion or in such a comedy are quite permissible42; but was ever anything more disconcerting than to see an actor who has just died before us in writhing43 agony, spring forward to bow at the end of some tragedy—to rise from the dead to smile—to see a man who has just moved us to tears and evoked44 our sympathy, stand gaily45 before us, to laugh at our sentiment and cheerily mock at our enthusiasm? Could anything be more inartistic?[Pg 182] A “call” often spoils a tragedy, not only in the theatre but at the opera. Over zeal46 on the part of the audience, and over vanity on the side of the actor, drags away the veil of mystery which is our make-believe of reality, and shows glaringly the make-believe of the whole thing.
Mr. Beerbohm Tree never hesitates to tell a story against himself, and he once related an amusing experience in connection with his original production of The Merry Wives of Windsor.
In the final scene at Herne’s oak, where Falstaff is pursued by fairy elves and sprites, the burly knight endeavours to escape from his tormentors by climbing the trunk of a huge tree. In order to render this possible the manager had ordered some pegs47 to be inserted in the bark, but on the night of the final dress rehearsal18 these necessary aids were absent. A carpenter was summoned, and Mr. Tree, pointing to his namesake, said in tones of the deepest reproach:
“No pegs! No pegs!”
When the eventful first night came Falstaff found to his annoyance49 and amazement50 that he was still unable to compass the climb by which he hoped to create much amusement. On the fall of the curtain the delinquent51 was again called into the managerial presence and addressed in strong terms. He, however, quickly cut short the reproof52 by exclaiming:
“’Ere, I say, guvnor, ’old ’ard: what was your words last night at the re-’earsal? ’No pegs,’ you said—’no pegs’—well, there ain’t none,” and he gave[Pg 183] a knowing smack53 of the lips as if to insinuate54 another kind of peg48 would be acceptable.
Experience has shown Mr. Tree that he can give the necessary appearance of bloated inflation to the cheeks of the fat knight by the aid of a paint-brush alone; but then Mr. Tree mixes his paints with brains. When he first essayed the character of Falstaff he relied for his effect on cotton wool and wig-paste. Even now his nose is deftly55 manipulated with paste to increase its size and shape, and I once saw him give it a tweak after a performance with droll56 effect. A little lump of nose-paste remained in his hand, while his own white organ shone forth57 in the midst of a rubicund58 countenance59.
On an early occasion at the Crystal Palace Mr. Tree was delighted at a burst of uproarious merriment on the part of the audience, and flattered himself that the scene was going exceptionally well. Happening to glance downwards60, however, he saw that the padding had slipped from his right leg, leaving him with one lean shank while the other leg still assumed gigantic proportions. He looked down in horror. The audience were not laughing with him, but at him. He endeavoured to beat a hasty retreat, but found he could not stir, for one of his cheeks had fallen off when leaning forward, and in more senses than one he had “put his foot in it” and required extra cheek, not less, to compass an exit from the stage.
Such are the drolleries incumbent61 on a character like Falstaff.
[Pg 184]
Mr. Tree has his serious moments, however, and none are more serious than his present contemplation of his Dramatic School, which he believes “will appeal not only to the profession of actors, but to all interested in the English theatre, the English language, and English oratory62, men whose talents are occupied in public life, in politics, in the pulpit, or at the Bar. Unless a dramatic school can be self-supporting it is not likely to survive. Acting cannot be taught—but many things can—such as voice-production, gesture and deportment, fencing and dancing.”
Every one will wish his bold venture success; and if he teaches a few of our “well-known” actors and actresses to speak so that we can follow every word of what they say, which at present we often cannot do, he will confer a vast boon63 on English playgoers, and doubtless add largely to the receipts of the theatres. It is a brave effort on his part, and he deserves every encouragement.
As this chapter began with a first-night performance, it shall end with first-night thoughts.
Are we not one and all hypercritical on such occasions?
Photo by Window & Grove64, Baker65 Street, W.
MISS ELLEN TERRY AS QUEEN KATHERINE.
We little realise the awful strain behind the scenes in the working of that vast machinery66, the play. Not only is the author anxious, but the actors and actresses are worn out with rehearsals and nervousness: property men, wig-makers, scene-painters, and fly-men are all in a state of extreme tension. The front of the house little realises what a truly awful ordeal67 [Pg 185]a first night is for all concerned, and while it is kind to encourage by clapping, it is cruel to condemn68 by hissing69 or booing.
All behind the footlights do their best, or try so far as nervousness will let them, and surely we in the audience should not expect a perfect or a smooth representation, and should give encouragement whenever possible.
After all, however much the actors may suffer from nervousness and anxiety on a first night, their position is not really so trying as that of the author. If the actor is not a success, it may be “the part does not suit him,” or “it is a bad play,” there may be the excuse of “want of adequate support,” for he is only one of a number; but the poor author has to bear the brunt of everything. If his play fail the whole thing is a fiasco. He is blamed by every one. It costs more to put on another play than to change a single actor. The author stands alone to receive abuse or praise; he knows that, not only may failure prove ruin to him, but it may mean loss to actors, actresses, managers, and even the call boy. Therefore the more conscientious70 he is, the more torture he suffers in his anxiety to learn the public estimation of his work. The criticism may not be judicious71, but if favourable72 it brings grist to the mill of all concerned.
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1
oculist
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| n.眼科医生 | |
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dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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electrify
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| v.使充电；使电气化；使触电；使震惊；使兴奋 | |
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indefatigable
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| adj.不知疲倦的，不屈不挠的 | |
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raconteur
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| n.善讲故事者 | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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lyric
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| n.抒情诗，歌词；adj.抒情的 | |
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fore
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| adv.在前面；adj.先前的；在前部的；n.前部 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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overflowing
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| n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的，充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式 | |
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firmament
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| n.苍穹；最高层 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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caustic
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| adj.刻薄的，腐蚀性的 | |
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rehearsal
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| n.排练，排演；练习 | |
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rehearsals
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| n.练习( rehearsal的名词复数 )；排练；复述；重复 | |
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Ford
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| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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robin
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| n.知更鸟，红襟鸟 | |
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delightfully
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| 大喜，欣然 | |
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jovial
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| adj.快乐的，好交际的 | |
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sedate
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| adj.沉着的，镇静的，安静的 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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romp
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| n.欢闹；v.嬉闹玩笑 | |
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enacting
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的现在分词 ) | |
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comedians
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| n.喜剧演员，丑角( comedian的名词复数 ) | |
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depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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memorise
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| vt.记住，熟记 | |
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preposterously
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| adv.反常地；荒谬地；荒谬可笑地；不合理地 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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fathom
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| v.领悟，彻底了解 | |
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hilarity
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| n.欢乐；热闹 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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ovation
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| n.欢呼，热烈欢迎，热烈鼓掌 | |
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permissible
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| adj.可允许的，许可的 | |
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writhing
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的现在分词 ) | |
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evoked
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| [医]诱发的 | |
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gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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pegs
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| n.衣夹( peg的名词复数 )；挂钉；系帐篷的桩；弦钮v.用夹子或钉子固定( peg的第三人称单数 )；使固定在某水平 | |
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peg
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| n.木栓，木钉；vt.用木钉钉，用短桩固定 | |
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annoyance
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| n.恼怒，生气，烦恼 | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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delinquent
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| adj.犯法的，有过失的；n.违法者 | |
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reproof
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| n.斥责，责备 | |
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smack
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| vt.拍，打，掴；咂嘴；vi.含有…意味；n.拍 | |
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insinuate
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| vt.含沙射影地说，暗示 | |
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deftly
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| adv.灵巧地，熟练地，敏捷地 | |
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droll
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| adj.古怪的，好笑的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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rubicund
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| adj.(脸色)红润的 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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incumbent
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| adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的 | |
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oratory
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| n.演讲术；词藻华丽的言辞 | |
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boon
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| n.恩赐，恩物，恩惠 | |
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64
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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baker
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| n.面包师 | |
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66
machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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67
ordeal
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| n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验 | |
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68
condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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69
hissing
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| n. 发嘶嘶声, 蔑视 动词hiss的现在分词形式 | |
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70
conscientious
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| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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71
judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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