(Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg)
After the decay of the knightly2 court poetry of the Minnesingers, whose pure and noble art had been inspired and encouraged by the age of chivalry3 in which they lived, the spontaneous love of song, natural to the character of the German people, was lost for a time in the gloom and ignorance of the dark Middle Ages; but, later on, when the Reformation had once more lighted the way to knowledge and culture, the beautiful art was revived by guilds5 of musical enthusiasts6, known as The Mastersingers.
But the dramatic, chivalric7 conception of life, which had been the prevailing8 spirit of the Minnesingers of old, all of whom had been of noble birth and exercised their art in the courts of kings, never quite returned; for the Mastersingers, being but humble9 burghers and artisans, could not attain10 to such courtly grace of expression, and their art was naturally of a stiffer and more pedantic11 character. Yet they did excellent work, establishing schools and guilds of poetry and song in most of the principal towns of Germany; but by hedging themselves in by narrow rules and conventions, they left little margin12 for the soaring spirit of true genius, which ever chafes13 at petty restraints, and insists on freedom of fancy.
In Nuremberg, the Mastersingers attained14 to the greatest excellence15 of their class; and in the middle of the sixteenth century there flourished in this community, the simple-minded, large-hearted Hans Sachs, the truest poet of his time, whose broad views were in refreshing16 contrast to the dull and cramped17 conceptions of art held by most of the Mastersingers.
It was during the time when Hans Sachs was a leader amongst the celebrated18 Mastersingers of Nuremberg, that this story opens; and upon St. John's Eve in a certain year, he and his musical friends were called upon to undergo a new and exciting experience in the pursuit of their beloved art.
Veit Pogner, a goldsmith, and the wealthiest of the older Mastersingers, impelled19 by an enthusiastic love of art, had just offered the hand of his beautiful daughter, Eva, together with the inheritance of all his riches and worldly possessions, as a prize to the master musician who should gain the wreath of victory in the grand contest to be held on St. John's Day, in accordance with the usual custom.
Amongst the competing masters who felt most confident of success was Sixtus Beckmesser, the town clerk, who occupied the important office of marker in the society, an officer whose duty it was to mark on a slate20 the faults made against the established rules and regulations of the Guild4. Beckmesser, though without talent, and no longer young, nor even possessed21 of any pleasing personal charms, was so conceited22 that he fancied none to be his equal in music and poetry; and in spite of the fact that Eva was to have power to refuse the prize-winner, should he prove distasteful to her, he yet felt assured of success, though the maiden23 had never shown signs of favour to him.
As a matter of fact, Eva had already fixed24 her affections upon a young knight1, one Sir Walter von Stolzing, who, being descended25 from the old Minnesingers, whose glorious achievements he had read of and studied, and in whom the truly poetic26, romantic, and knightly art was revived, had left his now decaying ancestral hall, in order to find kindred spirits amongst the celebrated Mastersingers of music-loving Nuremberg; and having once been brought into contact with the soaring, enthusiastic spirit of this noble youth, she could never again be contented27 with the pedantic methods of the burgher Mastersingers.
Walter, having business relations with old Pogner in connection with his poverty-stricken estate, had thus made acquaintance with the goldsmith's fair daughter; and the exquisite28 soul-inspiring beauty and pure, sweet nature of this maiden having quickly kindled29 a consuming passion in his impetuous, romantic heart, and knowing that his love was returned, he determined30 to enter the ranks of the competitors on St. John's Day, since none but a Mastersinger could aspire32 to her hand, and trusted that his great love would enable his song to gain the victor's wreath.
For this reason, he repaired on St. John's Eve to the Church of St. Katherine, where the Mastersingers held their meetings, and requested to be admitted to the competition. He was greatly disconcerted on being informed by a lively young man named David, who was apprenticed33 to Hans Sachs the cobbler, that the musical guild was arranged as a trades' guild, with degrees of membership, such as apprentices35, scholars, and singers, and that it was usual to spend at least a year in each degree before attaining36 to the rank of a "master"; and he was filled with impatience37 on hearing of the many petty rules and narrow restrictions38 in verse and song-making which were necessary to be observed ere he could hope to please the Mastersingers, who had absolute faith in their own standard of perfection, and refused to admit into their ranks any who failed to conform to the same, seven faults only against the rules being allowed to candidates for admission to their competitions.
Nevertheless, still believing in his own natural gifts, which he had cultivated in the beautiful woodlands of his birthplace, untrammelled by forms and conventions, when the Mastersingers had assembled, he requested permission to prove to them that he was a master of poetic song, and therefore justified39 in entering the competition on the morrow; and, since he was introduced to them by Pogner himself, who vouched40 for his good faith, he was invited to sing a song, though the Guild members were horrified41 on hearing that he had never studied in any Mastersinging guild, and had received no other instruction than that afforded by a love of Nature, and a natural poetic instinct fanned into being by reading accounts of the romantic Minnesingers of old.
Beckmesser, the marker, having pompously43 ensconced himself in his accustomed curtained recess44, with slate and chalk to mark down the faults of the candidate, announced that he was ready to hear the young knight's trial; and Walter immediately burst forth45 into an enthusiastic song in praise of spring-time and maidenhood46, so full of true poetry and music that it held the masters spellbound, in spite of the fact that it completely outraged47 all their pet rules in every direction.
But the conceited Beckmesser was full of indignation that one so unheedful of the forms and conventions of his own infallible guild should dare to aspire to enter the ranks of the Mastersingers; and before the song was half finished, he burst noisily from behind his curtain, and contemptuously announced that the candidate had already failed many times over, since his slate was scored at least fifty times with faults against the rules, the singer having had no regard at all for the special construction of verse and musical form which he and his friends alone considered to be correct.
The Mastersingers all agreed with the marker's condemnation48, with the exception of Hans Sachs, who knew that Beckmesser's verdict was chiefly caused by jealousy49; and he himself being the only true poet-musician in the Mastersingers' Guild, alone was able to appreciate Walter's beautiful song, and, seeing that the young knight had a real and lofty genius far beyond anything that his burgher friends could boast of, boldly stood up in his defence, declaring to the outraged company that the stranger's music was of a higher order than their own and consequently not to be judged by their standards, which might not be infallible after all.
But the Mastersingers were not to be convinced, even though their favourite Hans Sachs spoke50 in favour of the audacious stranger; and so Walter was declared "outsung" and in no way fit to be admitted into the ranks of the Mastersingers.
The young knight, repelled51 by the Mastersingers' narrow art, from which he had hoped to derive52 such pleasure, was filled with disappointment and despair; but, finding that he could not hope to gain the hand of his beloved Eva as a Mastersinger, he determined to make an attempt to elope with her that evening.
Eva, being anxious to learn how her lover had fared at his trial, sent her attendant, Magdalena, to get the news from her sweetheart, David, the apprentice34 of Hans Sachs; and then, upon returning at dusk from a walk with her father, she remained outside the house, to hear what her handmaid had to say. The two girls talked in low tones, for they saw that Hans Sachs (whose shop stood exactly opposite the house of the goldsmith) was still at work; for honest Hans, suspecting the young knight's intention with regard to Eva, had determined to frustrate53 his plans, in kindness to the imprudent pair, since he loved them both.
Eva was in despair when told by Magdalena of her lover's failure; but, seeing Walter at that moment approaching, she sent her maid within doors, and awaited him with a joy she could not conceal54.
The lovers embraced rapturously; and Eva, enthralled55 by Walter's love for her, readily agreed to his passionate56 pleading that they should fly together that night. Ere they could make their escape, however, they heard approaching steps; and, hastily concealing57 themselves behind some bushes, they were forced to wait until the intruder should depart.
The newcomer was none other than Beckmesser, the conceited marker, who, having composed a song to sing at the contest on the morrow, had come now to sing it as a serenade beneath the window of the fair Eva, hoping that the maiden would be thus so favourably58 impressed by his composition, that she would speak in his favour when he was adjudged the winner, as he so fondly expected to be; and, stationing himself beneath his charmer's chamber59 window, he commenced his song, which was in reality a very poor one, consisting of inferior poetry and worse melody.
Hans Sachs, hoping now to deter31 Sir Walter and Eva from their rash act by keeping them in their hiding-place, at once began to sing himself in a very loud voice, to a rollicking tune60 and merry words; an unexpected performance which was naturally very disconcerting to the serenader.
In a furious rage at this wanton drowning of his sentimental61 song, with which he had intended to win the heart of Eva, Beckmesser many times shouted to the cobbler to hold his peace; but, finding that Hans refused to listen to his request he resorted to strategy in order to enable his fair mistress to hear his song undisturbed. Approaching the cobbler's shop, he invited Hans to listen to his song, and criticise62 it, that he might correct any faults there might be in the composition ere performing it on the morrow; and this the cobbler agreed to do, saying that for every fault he detected, he would hammer a nail into the pair of shoes he was at that moment mending for the town clerk, who had been blaming him earlier in the day for being behindhand with his work.
So Beckmesser began his song again, full of delight at observing a maiden's figure appear at the chamber window, imagining this to be his adored one, though it was in reality the waiting-maid, Magdalena, who was anxiously awaiting the return of her young mistress; but his rage was soon increased tenfold, for his halting verses were so full of faulty accents and unmusical discords63, that the cobbler's hammer fell with a thud almost constantly. Ere the song was half over, Hans ran out of his shop, and, holding up the finished shoes in triumph, cried mischievously65 in imitation of the marker's own manner at the young knight's examination, "Haven't you done yet? Because I've finished the shoes already, thanks to the many faults you have made!"
As Beckmesser furiously endeavoured to scream out the last verses of his song, the apprentice David, disturbed by this unmusical squalling, opened his chamber-window; and, seeing his sweetheart, Magdalena, in the chamber opposite, and thinking the serenade addressed to her, he was seized with jealousy, and, rushing out into the street, set upon the bold serenader and began to cudgel him with right good will.
Taken thus by surprise, Beckmesser began to cry out for aid, for David was a lusty youth, and was quickly beating him black and blue; and, aroused by the sounds of the scuffle, the neighbours came pouring from the houses on every side, and not understanding the reason for the commotion66, but stumbling in the dark against each other, they began to quarrel amongst themselves, and a general scrimmage quickly ensued, in which the mischievous64 apprentice friends of David gladly took part, enjoying the riot as a great joke.
Thinking that in the midst of this scuffle they might make their escape, Sir Walter tenderly endeavoured to lead Eva round the edge of the crowd; but Hans Sachs, who had kept his eyes constantly on the pair, soon frustrated67 this pretty plan by seizing Walter's arm in his own iron grasp, and at the same time pushing Eva up the steps of her father's house, where she was quickly seized and taken within by Pogner himself, who, having opened his door to inquire the cause of the scrimmage, was amazed to find his daughter in the midst of the crowd.
Having seen that the half-fainting Eva was safely in her father's care, Hans Sachs, having first caught David and unceremoniously kicked him into his shop, followed himself, dragging the despairing Walter with him; and upon the sound of the night-watchman's horn being heard, the crowd melted away as quickly as it had gathered, so that by the time the sleepy guardian68 of the peace appeared, the street was deserted69 and still once more.
Next morning, as Hans, attired70 in gala dress, ready for the great Festival of St. John's Day, sat in his workshop, the young knight entered from the chamber where he had been resting, and announced to his kind friend that he had just awakened71 from a beautiful and vivid dream, which he longed to put into song; and the honest, art-loving cobbler entreated72 him to sing it to him straightway, whilst still fresh in his mind, in the form of a master-song of the correct form, of which he gave him some few hints, declaring that with such a Heaven-sent subject, sung in the richly-flowing stream of melody that was his own priceless gift, he would certainly yet win the maiden he loved so well.
Encouraged thus by the large-hearted Hans, and inspired by his dream, Walter broke forth into a gloriously beautiful song, perfect alike in poetic form and wondrous73 melody, which the cobbler eagerly wrote down as he sang; and when the song came to an end, Hans, overcome with emotion and joy, hastily pushed the singer back to his chamber, bidding him put on gala raiment, and declaring himself confident of his success in the contest.
Whilst the knight was thus engaged, Beckmesser entered the shop, so stiff from his cudgelling of the night before that he could scarcely walk, and, intending to continue his quarrel with the cobbler; but, seeing the MS. of the song lying on the table, and imagining this to have been composed by Hans, his mood quickly changed, and he asked to be allowed to sing this in the competition, instead of the one he had himself written, since the latter, he added conceitedly74, had now without doubt lost the charm it possessed in the ears of his adored mistress, who, having once heard it under such adverse75 conditions, would probably never care to hear it again.
Hans, knowing well enough that the unmusical town clerk would never be able to enter into the beauty of Walter's love-inspired words, said that he might have the song, bidding him, however, to sing it to a suitable melody; and Beckmesser, more confident than ever of his success, hurried away, full of delight at having thus secured, as he supposed, a song by Hans Sachs, who was acknowledged to be the finest poet amongst the Mastersingers.
A little later in the day, crowds of merry holiday-makers assembled in the large, open meadow on the outskirts76 of Nuremberg, to hear the great Competition of Song, which had been so eagerly looked forward to by all; and when Eva, the fair prize-maiden, looking more beautiful than ever in her dazzling white robe, and attended by a number of pretty maids-of-honour, had taken her seat upon the da?s which had been set for her, the enthralling77 business of the day began.
Amidst a sudden hush78 of expectancy79, Hans Sachs rose to announce once again to the people the generous and soul-inspiring prize offered by the art-loving Pogner, to be awarded to the Master Musician whose song should be unanimously declared the most worthy80 of praise; and when the loud applause which greeted this speech had died away, Beckmesser was called upon to commence his song.
Nervously81 unrolling the MS. he had all the morning been vainly endeavouring to commit to memory, Beckmesser moved forward, and began his song, singing it to an altogether unsuitable, discordant82, and unmusical tune; and in a frantic83 effort to remember the sense of what he was singing, he mixed up the words in the most hopeless manner, and, plunging84 deeper into the mire85 of confusion as he proceeded, he succeeded in completely losing himself, and converted the poem into an astonishing pot-pourri of ludicrous and meaningless balderdash.
At first, the people listened in amazement86, thinking that the infallible marker, usually such a stickler87 for the correct rules of Mastersinging, had suddenly taken leave of his senses; and then, unable to restrain their merriment any longer, they all burst forth into a loud peal88 of derisive89 laughter, which completely drowned the ridiculous singer.
In a furious rage of disappointment and wounded vanity, Beckmesser flung the MS. at the feet of Hans Sachs, declaring to the people that the cobbler had schemed thus to disgrace him by foisting90 his own bad song upon him; but in spite of his defence, as he rushed away in a storm of vexation, he was followed by the jeers91 of the crowd, with whom he was by no means popular, and who had not desired that one so pompous42 and elderly should gain so fair a prize.
When Beckmesser had disappeared, Hans Sachs picked up the despised poem, and declared to the people that the song was a good one, but could only be properly sung by the person who had composed it, whose name was not Hans Sachs; and then he called on Sir Walter von Stolzing, as the composer of the song, who would, by singing it to them, quickly prove that he was worthy to be regarded as the very Mastersinger of Mastersingers.
A hum of admiration92 swept over the assembled company as the young knight stepped forward, for here, indeed, was one whose graceful93 form, glowing eyes, and poetry-inspired brow recalled the resplendent Minnesingers of old; and with hearts that throbbed94 with excitement, they listened to the rich joyous95 flood of melody that now filled the summer air.
Yes, Hans Sachs was right, and the song was a noble one, and this was a Heaven-sent singer who laid a magic touch upon their very hearts, and filled them with a rapture96 almost too intense to be borne; and even the critical Mastersingers who had cavilled97 at his heedless disregard of their various rules the evening before, were now held spellbound with wonder that song could be so glorious a thing.
As the song came to an end, a deafening98 burst of applause broke from the assemblage, who, with one accord, declared the young knight to be the winner in the contest; and as the beautiful Eva bent99 forward to place, with hands that trembled with joy, the wreath of victory upon the brow of the man she loved, a second burst of applause broke forth, for the two were well-matched, and made a fair picture as they stood together.
The Mastersingers now eagerly invited Walter to join their guild as one of themselves, an honour which, however, the young knight proudly refused, since his free spirit could not be curbed100 within so small a range.
On hearing this, Hans Sachs humorously reproved him for speaking disparagingly101 of an art which had bestowed102 so rare a prize upon him; and then he launched forth staunchly into a speech in praise of the honest German art he loved so well, a speech which was received with the wildest enthusiasm by all, for Hans Sachs was the darling of the people of Nuremburg.
Thus the Contest of Song came to an end; and the young knight who had set out so hopefully in search of Art, had found as well a fair bride, whose love should henceforth be the magic golden key that should unlock for him the gates of Fame, Honour, and Glory.
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1
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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knightly
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| adj. 骑士般的 adv. 骑士般地 | |
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chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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guild
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| n.行会，同业公会，协会 | |
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guilds
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| 行会，同业公会，协会( guild的名词复数 ) | |
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enthusiasts
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| n.热心人，热衷者( enthusiast的名词复数 ) | |
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chivalric
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| 有武士气概的，有武士风范的 | |
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prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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10
attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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pedantic
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| adj.卖弄学问的；迂腐的 | |
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margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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chafes
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| v.擦热（尤指皮肤）( chafe的第三人称单数 )；擦痛；发怒；惹怒 | |
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attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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cramped
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| a.狭窄的 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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slate
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| n.板岩，石板，石片，石板色，候选人名单；adj.暗蓝灰色的，含板岩的；vt.用石板覆盖，痛打，提名，预订 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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conceited
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| adj.自负的，骄傲自满的 | |
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maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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deter
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| vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住 | |
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aspire
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| vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于 | |
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apprenticed
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| 学徒，徒弟( apprentice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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apprentice
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| n.学徒，徒弟 | |
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apprentices
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| 学徒，徒弟( apprentice的名词复数 ) | |
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attaining
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的现在分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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restrictions
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| 约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则） | |
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justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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vouched
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| v.保证( vouch的过去式和过去分词 )；担保；确定；确定地说 | |
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horrified
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| a.(表现出)恐惧的 | |
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pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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pompously
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| adv.傲慢地，盛大壮观地；大模大样 | |
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recess
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| n.短期休息，壁凹（墙上装架子，柜子等凹处） | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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maidenhood
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| n. 处女性, 处女时代 | |
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outraged
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| a.震惊的，义愤填膺的 | |
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condemnation
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| n.谴责; 定罪 | |
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jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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repelled
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| v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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derive
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| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
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frustrate
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| v.使失望；使沮丧；使厌烦 | |
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conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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enthralled
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| 迷住，吸引住( enthrall的过去式和过去分词 )； 使感到非常愉快 | |
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passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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concealing
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 ) | |
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favourably
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| adv. 善意地，赞成地 =favorably | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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sentimental
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| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
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criticise
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| v.批评，评论；非难 | |
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discords
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| 不和（discord的复数形式） | |
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mischievous
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| adj.调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的 | |
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mischievously
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| adv.有害地；淘气地 | |
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commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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frustrated
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| adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧 | |
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guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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conceitedly
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| 自满地 | |
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adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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outskirts
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| n.郊外，郊区 | |
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enthralling
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| 迷人的 | |
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hush
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| int.嘘，别出声；n.沉默，静寂；v.使安静 | |
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expectancy
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| n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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nervously
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| adv.神情激动地，不安地 | |
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discordant
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| adj.不调和的 | |
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frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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mire
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| n.泥沼，泥泞；v.使...陷于泥泞，使...陷入困境 | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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stickler
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| n.坚持细节之人 | |
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peal
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| n.钟声；v.鸣响 | |
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derisive
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| adj.嘲弄的 | |
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foisting
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| 强迫接受，把…强加于( foist的现在分词 ) | |
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jeers
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| n.操纵帆桁下部（使其上下的）索具；嘲讽( jeer的名词复数 )v.嘲笑( jeer的第三人称单数 ) | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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throbbed
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| 抽痛( throb的过去式和过去分词 )； （心脏、脉搏等）跳动 | |
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joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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rapture
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| n.狂喜；全神贯注；着迷；v.使狂喜 | |
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cavilled
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| v.挑剔，吹毛求疵( cavil的过去式 ) | |
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deafening
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| adj. 振耳欲聋的, 极喧闹的 动词deafen的现在分词形式 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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curbed
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| v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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disparagingly
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| adv.以贬抑的口吻，以轻视的态度 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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