The captive Crown Prince was conveyed from Wesel to the castle of Mittenwalde, where he was imprisoned7 in a room without furniture or bed. An old chest which chanced to be there was his only seat. One of the king’s favorite ministers, Grumkow, with other officials, was sent to interrogate8 him. The prince, probably aware that nothing which he could now do could make matters worse than they actually were, displayed much spirit in the interview. Frankly9 avowing10 his intention to escape, he refused to make any disclosures which should implicate11 his friends. Grumkow insolently12 informed him that the101 use of the rack was not yet abolished in his majesty13’s dominions14, and that, if he were not more pliant15, the energies of that instrument might be called into requisition. Frederick admitted afterward16 that his blood ran cold at that suggestion. Still he had the nerve to reply, according to the testimony17 of Wilhelmina,
“A hangman such as you naturally takes pleasure in talking of his tools and of his trade, but on me they will produce no effect. I have owned every thing, and almost regret to have done so. I ought not to degrade myself by answering the questions of a scoundrel such as you are.”
Grumkow gathered up his papers, and, with his associate officials, departed, probably meditating18 upon his own prospects19 should the Crown Prince ever become King of Prussia. The next day, September 5, the captive was taken from the castle of Mittenwalde, and sent to the fortress of Cüstrin, a small and quiet town about seventy miles from Berlin. The strong, dungeon-like room in which he was incarcerated20 consisted of bare walls, without any furniture, the light being admitted by a single aperture21 so high that the prince could not look out at it. He was divested22 of his uniform, of his sword, of every mark of dignity.
Coarse brown clothes of plainest cut were furnished him. His flute23 was taken from him, and he was deprived of all books but the Bible and a few devotional treatises24. He was allowed a daily sum, amounting to twelve cents of our money, for his food—eight cents for his dinner and four for his supper. His food was purchased at a cook-shop near by, and cut for him. He was not permitted the use of a knife. The door was opened three times a day for ventilation—morning, noon, and night—but not for more than four minutes each time. A single tallow-candle was allowed him; but that was to be extinguished at seven o’clock in the evening.
Thus deprived of all the ordinary comforts of life, the prince, in the nineteenth year of his age, was consigned25 to an imprisonment26 of absolute solitude27. For weeks and months he was left to his own agitating28 thoughts, with the apparent blighting29 of every earthly hope, awaiting whatever doom his merciless father might award to him. His jailers, not unmindful of the embarrassing fact that their captive might yet become King of Prussia,102 with their fate in his hands, gradually treated him with all the secret kindness which they dared to exhibit.13
FREDERICK IN PRISON.
Though Wilhelmina was also a close prisoner in her apartment in the Berlin palace, and was fed upon the coarsest fare, she103 still had a comfortable room, her musical instruments, and the companionship of her governess, Madam Sonsfeld. It was rather a relief to the unhappy princess to be shut out from the presence of her father and from the sound of his voice. She occasionally obtained a smuggled30 letter from her mother, and even got one, in pencil, from her brother, full of expressions of tenderness.
All the friends of Fritz were treated by the infuriate father with the most cruel severity. No mercy was shown to any one who had ever given the slightest indication of sympathy with the Crown Prince. A bookseller, who had furnished Fritz with French books, was cruelly exiled to the remote shores of the Baltic, on the extreme northern frontiers of Prussia. A French gentleman, Count Montholieu, who had loaned the Crown Prince money, would probably have perished upon the scaffold had he not escaped by flight. His effigy31 was nailed to the gallows32.
There was a young lady in Potsdam by the name of Doris Ritter. She was the daughter of highly respectable parents, and was of unblemished character. As Fritz was extremely fond of music, and she played sweetly on the harpsichord33, he loaned her pieces of music, and occasionally, under the eye of her parents, accompanied her with the flute. The life of a colonel in garrison34 at Potsdam was so dull, that this innocent amusement was often quite a help in beguiling35 the weary hours.
The young lady was not beautiful, and there was no evidence of the slightest improprieties, or of any approach even to flirtation36. But the infuriate king, who, without the shadow of reason, could accuse his own daughter of infamy37, caused this young lady, under the pretext38 that she had been the guilty intimate of his son, to be taken from her parents, to be delivered to the executioners, and to be publicly conveyed in a cart and whipped on the bare back through the principal streets of the town. She was then imprisoned, and doomed39 to beat hemp40 as a culprit for three years.
One’s faith in a superintending Providence41 is almost staggered by such outrages42. It would seem that there could scarcely be any compensation even in the future world for so foul43 a wrong inflicted44 upon this guileless and innocent girl. There can be no possible solution of the mystery but in the decree, “After death cometh the judgment45.”
104
DORIS RITTER’S PUNISHMENT.
“It is impossible,” writes Lord Dover, “not to perceive that the real reason of his conduct was his enmity to his son, and that the crime of the poor girl was the having assisted in making the son’s existence more supportable. The intention of Frederick William apparently46 being that the infliction47 of so infamous48 a punishment in so public a manner should prevent the possibility of Frederick’s ever seeing her again.”14
A court-martial was convened49 to pronounce sentence upon the105 Crown Prince and his confederates. The court was appointed by the king, and consisted of three major generals, three colonels, three lieutenant colonels, three majors, three captains, and three belonging to the civil courts, called auditors50. The court, thus composed of eighteen members, met on the 20th of October, 1730, in the little town of Copenick, a few miles from Berlin. Grumkow, well aware that these proceedings51 would attract the attention of every court in Europe, had persuaded the king to submit to the formality of a court-martial.
It was well understood that a verdict was to be returned in accordance with the wishes of the king, and also that the king desired that no mercy should be shown to his son.15 After a session of six days the verdict of the court was rendered. The crime of the Crown Prince, in endeavoring to escape from the brutality of his father, was declared to be desertion, and the penalty was death. Lieutenant Keith was also declared to be a deserter, and doomed to die. But as he had escaped, and could not be recaptured, he was sentenced to be hanged in effigy, which effigy was then to be cut in four quarters and nailed to the gallows at Wesel. Lieutenant Katte, who certainly had not deserted52, and whose only crime was that he had been a confidant of the Crown Prince in his plan to escape, was condemned53 to imprisonment in a fortress for two years, some say for life.
The king approved of the first two sentences of the court. The mildness of the last roused his indignation. “Katte,” he exclaimed, “is guilty of high treason. He shall die by the sword of the headsman. It is better that he should die than that justice depart out of the world.” His doom was thus fixed54 as irreversible as fate.
Fortunately for the young man’s mother, she was in her grave. His father was at that time commandant of K?nigsberg, in high favor with the king. His illustrious grandfather on his mother’s side, Field-marshal Wartensleben, was still living. For half106 a century he had worthily55 occupied the most eminent56 posts of honor. The tears, the agonizing57 entreaties58 of these friends were not of the slightest avail. The king’s heart was as impervious59 to appeals for mercy as are the cliffs of Sinai.
There are several letters still remaining which Lieutenant Katte wrote to his friends during those hours of anguish60 in which he was awaiting his death. No one can read them without compassionate61 emotion, and without execrating63 the memory of that implacable tyrant64 who so unjustly demanded his execution. The young man wrote to the king a petition containing the following pathetic plea:
“Sire,—It is not to excuse myself that I address this letter to your majesty; but, moved by sincere repentance66 and heartfelt sorrow, I implore67 your clemency68, and beseech69 you, sire, to have some consideration for my youth, which renders me capable of imprudence without any bad design.
“God does not always follow the impulse of his justice toward sinners, but often, by his mercy, reclaims71 those who have gone astray. And will not your majesty, sire, who are a resemblance of the divinity, pardon a criminal who is guilty of disobedience to his sovereign? The hope of pardon supports me, and I flatter myself that your majesty will not cut me off in the flower of my age, but will give me time to prove the effect your majesty’s clemency will have on me.
“Sire, I own that I am guilty. Will not your majesty grant me a pardon, which God never refuses to the greatest sinner who sincerely confesses his sins? I shall be always ready to shed even the last drop of my blood to show your majesty what grateful sentiments your clemency can raise in me.”
It was all in vain. On Sunday evening, September 5th, as the condemned young man was sitting alone in his prison cell, sadly awaiting his doom, yet clinging to hopes of mercy, an officer entered with the startling intelligence that the carriage was at the door to convey him to the fortress of Cüstrin, at a few leagues distance, where he was to be executed. For a moment he was greatly agitated72. He soon, however, regained73 his equanimity74. It must indeed have been a fearful communication to one in the107 vigor75 of health, in the prime of youth, and surrounded by every thing which could render life desirable. Two brother-officers and the chaplain accompanied him upon this dismal76 midnight ride. Silence, pious77 conversation, prayers, and occasional devotional hymns78 occupied the hours. The dawn of a cold winter’s morning was just appearing as they reached the fortress.
His companions had no heart to witness the bloody79 execution of their friend and brother-officer. The chaplain, Müller, who had accompanied the condemned to Cüstrin, and also Besserer, the chaplain of the garrison there, were either obliged by their official position, or were constrained80 by Christian81 sympathy, to ride by his side in the death-cart to the scaffold. Of the rest of his friends he took an affectionate leave, saying, “Adieu, my brothers; may God be with you evermore!” He was conveyed to the rampart of the castle dressed in coarse brown garments precisely82 like those worn by the prince.
By order of the king, Fritz, who had also been condemned to die and was awaiting his doom, was brought down into a lower room of the fortress, before whose window the scaffold was erected83, that he might be compelled “to see Katte die.” At his entrance the curtains were closed, shutting out the view of the court-yard. Upon the drawing of the curtains, Fritz, to his horror, beheld84 the scaffold draped in black on a level with the window, and directly before it.
The unhappy Crown Prince was in an agony of despair. Again and again he frantically85 exclaimed, “In the name of God, I beg you to stop the execution till I write to the king! I am ready to renounce86 all my rights to the crown if he will pardon Katte!” As the condemned was led by the window to ascend87 the scaffold, Fritz cried out to him, in anguish as intense as a generous heart can endure, “Pardon me, my dear Katte, pardon me! Oh that this should be what I have done for you!”
A smile flitted across Katte’s pallid88 features as he replied, “Death is sweet for a prince I love so well.” With fortitude89 he ascended90 the scaffold. The executioner attempted to bandage his eyes, but he resisted, and, looking to heaven, said, “Father, into thy hands I surrender my soul!” Four grenadiers held Fritz with his face toward the window. Fainting, he fell senseless upon the floor. At the same moment, by a single blow, Katte’s head rolled upon the scaffold. As the prince recovered consciousness, he found himself still at the window, in full view of the headless and gory91 corpse92 of his friend. Another swoon consigned him to momentary93 unconsciousness.16
108
FREDERICK AT KATTE’S EXECUTION.
109 The body of Katte remained upon the scaffold during the short wintry day, and at night was buried in one of the bastions of the fortress. This cruel tragedy was enacted94 more than a century ago; but there are few who even now can read the record without having their eyes flooded, through the conflicting emotions of sympathy for the sufferers and indignation against the tyrant who could perpetrate such crimes.
When Frederick returned to consciousness his misery95 plunged96 him into a high fever. Delirium97 ensued, during which Chaplain Müller, who remained with him, says that he frequently attempted to destroy himself. As the fever abated98 and he became more tranquil99, floods of tears gushed100 from his eyes. He for some time refused to take any nourishment101. It seemed to him now that every hope in life was forever blighted102. He had no doubt that his own death was fully103 decided104 upon, and that he would soon be led to his execution. In his moments of delirious105 anguish he at times longed for death to come as speedily as possible. And again it seemed awful to have his young life—for he was then but eighteen years of age—cut off by the bloody sword.17
Chaplain Müller seems to have enjoyed the confidence of the king to an unusual decree. He was ordered to remain at Cüstrin, and to have daily interviews with the prince, to instruct him in religion. The king professed106 to be eminently107 a religious man. While torturing the body and the mind of the prince in every way, he expressed great anxiety for the salvation108 of his soul. It is not strange that the example of such a father had staggered the faith of the son. Illogically he renounced109 that religion which condemned, in the severest terms, the conduct of the father, and which caused the king often to tremble upon his throne, appalled110 by the declaration, “Know thou that for all these things God will bring thee into judgment.”
The young prince had also become dissolute in life. The sacred110 volume denounced such a career as offensive to God, as sure to bring down upon the guilty prince the divine displeasure in this life, and, if unrepented of, in the life to come. No man who believes the Bible to be true can, with any comfort whatever, indulge in sin. The prince wished to indulge his passions without restraint. He therefore, thus living, found it to be a necessity to renounce that religion which arrayed against his sinful life all the terrors of the final judgment. A wicked life and true Christian faith can not live in peace together. The one or the other must be abandoned. Frederick chose to abandon Christian faith.
It seems that the Crown Prince had an inquiring mind. He was interested in metaphysical speculations111. He had adopted, perhaps, as some excuse for his conduct, the doctrine112 of predestination, that God hath foreordained whatsoever113 cometh to pass. The idea that there is a power, which Hume calls philosophical114 necessity, which Napoleon calls destiny, which Calvin calls predestination, by which all events are controlled, and that this necessity is not inconsistent with free agency, is a doctrine which ever has commanded the assent115, and probably ever will, of many of the strongest thinkers in the world.
“The heresy116 about predestination,” writes Carlyle, “or the election by free grace, as his majesty terms it, according to which a man is preappointed, from all eternity117, either to salvation or the opposite, which is Fritz’s notion, and indeed Calvin’s, and that of many benighted118 creatures, this editor among them, appears to his majesty an altogether shocking one. What! may not deserter Fritz say to himself, even now, or in whatever other deeps of sin he may fall into, ‘I was foredoomed to it? How could I or how can I help it?’ The mind of his majesty shudders119 as if looking over the edge of an abyss.”
Chaplain Müller was especially directed to argue with Frederick upon this point, and, if possible, to convert him to Christianity. The correspondence which ensued between the king and Müller is preserved. The king wrote to the chaplain, under date of November 3d, 1730:
“I have been assured that you are an honest and pious clergyman, and a faithful minister of the Word of God. Since, therefore, you are going to Cüstrin, on account of the execution of111 Lieutenant Katte, I command you, after the execution, to pay a visit to the Prince Royal; to reason with him and to represent to him that whosoever abandons God is also abandoned by God; and that, when God has abandoned a man, and has taken away his grace from him, that man is incapable120 of doing what is good, and can only do what is evil. You will exhort121 him to repent65, and to ask pardon for the many sins he has committed, and into which he has seduced122 others, one of whom has been just punished with death.
“If you then find the prince contrite123 and humble124, you will engage him to fall on his knees with you, to ask pardon of God with tears of penitence125. But you must proceed with prudence70 and circumspection126, for the prince is cunning. You will represent to him also, in a proper manner, the error he labors127 under in believing that some are predestinated to one thing and some to another; and that thus he who is predestinated to evil can do nothing but evil, and he who is predestinated to good can do nothing but good, and that, consequently, we can change nothing of what is to happen—a dreadful error, especially in what regards our salvation.
“Now, as I hope that his present situation, and the execution which has just taken place before his eyes, will touch and soften128 his heart, and will lead him to better sentiments, I charge you, as you value your conscience, to do all that is humanly possible to represent forcibly to the prince these things; and particularly, in what relates to predestination, to convince him by means of passages from the Scriptures129 which satisfactorily prove what I wish you to advance.”
This letter was addressed to the “reverend, well-beloved, and faithful Müller,” and was signed “your affectionate king.” Though the king had not yet announced any intention of sparing the life of his son, and probably was fully resolved upon his execution, he was manifestly disturbed by the outcry against his proceedings raised in all the courts of Europe. Three days before the king wrote the above letter, the Emperor of Germany, Charles VI., had written to him, with his own hand, earnestly interceding130 for the Crown Prince. In addition to the letter, the emperor, through his minister Seckendorf, had presented a very firm remonstrance131. He announced to Frederick William that112 Prince Frederick was a prince of the empire, and that he was entitled to the protection of the laws of the Germanic body; that the heir-apparent of the Prussian monarchy132 was under the safeguard of the Germanic empire, and that the king was bound to surrender to this tribunal the accused, and the documents relative to this trial.
The emperor was probably induced to this decisive course not merely by motives of humanity, but also by the consideration that by thus saving the life of Frederick he would forever attach him to the interests of the house of Austria. The kings of Poland and Sweden also wrote to the king, earnestly interceding for the life of the Crown Prince.
The king was at first much incensed133 by these attempts at interference. It was not safe for him to bid defiance134 to the opinions of the civilized135 world. Emotions of anger and mortification136 struggled in the bosom137 of the king. Captain Guy Dickens, secretary of Dubourgay, writes:
“The King of Prussia can not sleep. The officers sit up with him every night, and in his slumbers138 he raves139 and talks of spirits and apparitions140.”
He drank deeply, wandering about by night as if possessed141 by fiends. “He has not,” writes Captain Dickens, “gone to bed sober for a month past.” Once he rose, about midnight, and, with a candle in his hand, entered the apartment of the queen, apparently in a state of extreme terror, saying that there was something haunting him. His agitation142 was so great that a bed was made up for him there.
Two days after the death of Katte, the king wrote to Chaplain Müller, under date of November 7th, 1730, a letter closing with the following words:
“As God often, by wondrous143 guidance, strange paths, and thorny144 steps, will bring men into the kingdom of Christ, so may our divine Redeemer help that this prodigal145 son be brought into his communion; that his godless heart be beaten until it is softened146 and changed, and so he be snatched from the claws of Satan. This grant us, the Almighty147 God and Father, for our Lord Jesus Christ and his passion and death’s sake. Amen.
“I am, for the rest, your well-affectioned king,
“Frederick William.”
113 The prince supposed that the object of Muller’s visits was to prepare him for his death. But upon receiving the full assurance that his father contemplated148 pardoning him, should there be evidence of repentance, he promised to take an oath of entire submission149 to his father’s will. Seven commissioners150 were sent to the prison of Cüstrin, on the 19th of November, to administer this oath with the utmost solemnity. He was conducted to the church. A large crowd was in attendance. A sermon appropriate to the occasion was preached. The sacrament of the Lord’s Supper was administered to him. And then he audibly repeated the oath and attached to it his signature.
From the church the prince was conducted, not back to his prison in the fortress, but to a town mansion151, which was assigned as his residence. His sword was restored to him. But he was still not fully liberated152. Officials, appointed by his father, surrounded him, who watched and reported all his movements. The first act of the young prince, upon reaching his apartment after this partial liberation, was to write as follows to his father. We give the letter as translated by Carlyle:
“Cüstrin, November 19, 1730.
“All-serenest and All-graciousest Father,—To your royal majesty, my all-graciousest Father, I have, by my disobedience as Their subject and soldier, not less than by my undutifulness as Their son, given occasion to a just wrath153 and aversion against me. With the all-obedientest respect I submit myself wholly to the grace of my most All-gracious Father, and beg him most All-graciously to pardon me, as it is not so much the withdrawal154 of my liberty, in a sad arrest, as my own thoughts of the fault I have committed that have brought me to reason, who, with all-obedientest respect and submission, continue till my end my All-graciousest king’s and Father’s faithfully-obedientest servant and son,
Frederick.”
Here, in the little town of Cüstrin, in a house very meagerly furnished, the Crown Prince established his household upon the humblest scale. The prince was allowed to wear his sword, but not his uniform. He was debarred all amusements, and was forbidden to read, write, or speak French. To give him employment,114 he was ordered to attend regularly the sittings of the Chamber155 of Counselors156 of that district, though he was to take his seat as the youngest member. Three persons were appointed constantly to watch over him. Lord Dover writes:
“His diet was regulated at a sum which made it barely sufficient to prevent actual starvation. His apartment was most miserable157, and almost entirely158 devoid159 of furniture. He was in great want of linen160, and of others of the first necessaries of life. At nine o’clock at night his candle was taken from him, while pen, ink, paper, and books were alike denied him.”
“His very flute,” Carlyle writes, “most innocent ‘Princess,’ as he used to call his flute in old days, is denied him ever since he came to Cüstrin. But by degrees he privately161 gets her back, and consorts162 much with her; wails163 forth164, in beautiful adagios165, emotions for which there is no other utterance166 at present. He has liberty of Cüstrin and the neighborhood. Out of Cüstrin he is not to lodge167 any night without leave had of the commandant.”
While these sad scenes were transpiring168, the Princess Wilhelmina was held in close captivity in her apartment at the palace in Berlin. The king had convened a council of eight clergymen, and had put to them the question whether a father had not a right to give his daughter in wedlock169 to whom he pleased. Much to the honor of these clergymen, they replied, with but one exception, in the negative.
The queen remained firm in her determination that Wilhelmina should marry the Prince of Wales. The king was equally inflexible170 in his resolve that she should not marry the Prince of Wales. The queen occasionally had interviews with Wilhelmina, when they wept together over their disappointments and trials. The spirited young princess had no special predilections171 for the English prince, but she was firm in her resolve not to have a repugnant husband forced upon her. On the night of the 27th of January, 1731, as the queen was about to leave Berlin for Potsdam, she said to her daughter,
“Be firm, my child. Trust in my management. Only swear to me, on your eternal salvation, that never, on any compulsion, will you marry another than the Prince of Wales. Give me that oath.”
But Wilhelmina evaded172 the oath upon the ground of religious115 scruples173. Anxiety, confinement174, and bad diet had so preyed175 upon her health that she was reduced almost to a skeleton. The following extract from her journal gives a graphic176 account of her painful condition:
“I was shut up in my bedchamber, where I saw nobody, and continued always to fast. I was really dying of hunger. I read as long as there was daylight, and made remarks upon what I read. My health began to give way. I became as thin as a skeleton from want of food and exercise. One day Madam De Sonsfeld and myself were at table, looking sadly at one another, having nothing to eat but soup made with salt and water, and a ragout of old bones, full of hairs and other dirt, when we heard a knocking at the window. Surprised, we rose hastily to see what it was. We found a raven177 with a morsel178 of bread in its beak179, which it laid down on the sill of the window so soon as it saw us, and flew away. Tears came into our eyes at this adventure. ‘Our lot is very deplorable,’ said I to my governess, ‘since it even touches the creatures devoid of reason. They have more compassion62 for us than men, who treat us with so much cruelty.’”
The raven was a tame one, which had got lost and was seeking for its home. The story, however, spread, and created great sympathy for the imprisoned princess. There was a large number of French refugees in Berlin. With characteristic kindness, at the risk of incurring180 the royal displeasure, they sent daily a basket of food, which was placed in a situation from which Wilhelmina’s maids could easily convey the contents to her, while compassionate sentries181 kindly182 looked the other way. The princess wrote to her father, imploring183 permission to receive the sacrament, from which she had been debarred for nearly a year. The reply from her-father was couched in the following terms:
“My blackguard daughter may receive the sacrament.”
Her sisters were now permitted occasionally to visit her, and her situation became somewhat ameliorated. On the 10th of May Wilhelmina received a letter from her mother which caused her to wring184 her hands in anguish. It informed her that the next day a deputation was to call upon her from the king, to insist upon her giving her consent to marry the Prince of Baireuth.
The letter was as follows:
“All is lost, my dear daughter. The king is determined185, at all hazards, upon your marriage. I have sustained several dreadful contests on this subject, but neither my prayers nor my tears have had any effect. Eversman has orders to make the purchases necessary for your marriage. You must prepare yourself to lose Madam Sonsfeld. The king is determined to have her degraded with infamy if you do not obey him. Some one will be sent to persuade you. In God’s name consent to nothing, and God will support you in it. A prison is better than a bad marriage. Adieu, my dear daughter! I expect every thing from your firmness.”
116
GRUMKOW’S CONFERENCE WITH WILHELMINA.
117 A deputation of four ministers, headed by Baron186 Grumkow, the next day presented themselves to the princess. To overawe Wilhelmina, they approached her with all the solemnity of state. Grumkow opened the conference:
“Obey the wishes of the king,” said he, “and the royal favor will be restored to you. Refuse to do it, and no one can tell what will be the doom which will fall upon your mother, your brother, and yourself.”
They all united their entreaties, arguments, prayers, and threats. The princess was in a state of terrible agitation. Almost distracted she paced the floor. That she might have a little time to reflect, the four deputies retired187 into the recess188 of a window. One of them, M. Tulmier, then approached the princess, and, in a low tone of voice, said to her,
“Do not resist any longer. Submit to whatever is required of you. I will answer with my life that the marriage will never really take place. It is necessary, at whatever cost, to appease189 the king for the present. I will explain to the queen that this is the only means of obtaining a favorable declaration from the King of England.”
Thus influenced, she yielded. Tears flooded her eyes, and her voice was broken with sobs190 as she said, “I am ready to sacrifice myself for the peace of the family.” The deputation withdrew, leaving the princess in despair. Baron Grumkow conveyed to the king the pleasing intelligence of her submission.
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fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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captivity
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| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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brutality
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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interrogate
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frankly
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avowing
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implicate
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| vt.使牵连其中，涉嫌 | |
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insolently
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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dominions
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pliant
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afterward
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testimony
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meditating
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| a.沉思的，冥想的 | |
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19
prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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20
incarcerated
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| 钳闭的 | |
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21
aperture
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| n.孔，隙，窄的缺口 | |
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22
divested
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| v.剥夺( divest的过去式和过去分词 )；脱去（衣服）；2。从…取去…；1。（给某人）脱衣服 | |
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23
flute
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| n.长笛；v.吹笛 | |
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24
treatises
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| n.专题著作，专题论文，专著( treatise的名词复数 ) | |
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25
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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26
imprisonment
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| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
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27
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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agitating
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| 搅动( agitate的现在分词 )； 激怒； 使焦虑不安； （尤指为法律、社会状况的改变而）激烈争论 | |
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29
blighting
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| 使凋萎( blight的现在分词 )； 使颓丧； 损害； 妨害 | |
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30
smuggled
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| 水货 | |
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31
effigy
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| n.肖像 | |
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32
gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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33
harpsichord
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| n.键琴（钢琴前身） | |
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34
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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35
beguiling
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| adj.欺骗的，诱人的v.欺骗( beguile的现在分词 )；使陶醉；使高兴；消磨（时间等） | |
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36
flirtation
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| n.调情，调戏，挑逗 | |
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37
infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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38
pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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39
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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40
hemp
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| n.大麻；纤维 | |
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41
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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outrages
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| 引起…的义愤，激怒( outrage的第三人称单数 ) | |
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43
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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44
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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45
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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46
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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47
infliction
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| n.（强加于人身的）痛苦，刑罚 | |
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48
infamous
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| adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的 | |
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49
convened
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| 召开( convene的过去式 )； 召集； （为正式会议而）聚集； 集合 | |
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50
auditors
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| n.审计员，稽核员( auditor的名词复数 )；（大学课程的）旁听生 | |
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51
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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52
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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53
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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54
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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55
worthily
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| 重要地，可敬地，正当地 | |
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56
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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57
agonizing
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| adj.痛苦难忍的；使人苦恼的v.使极度痛苦；折磨(agonize的ing形式) | |
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58
entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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59
impervious
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| adj.不能渗透的，不能穿过的，不易伤害的 | |
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60
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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61
compassionate
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| adj.有同情心的，表示同情的 | |
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62
compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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63
execrating
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| v.憎恶( execrate的现在分词 )；厌恶；诅咒；咒骂 | |
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64
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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65
repent
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| v.悔悟，悔改，忏悔，后悔 | |
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66
repentance
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| n.懊悔 | |
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67
implore
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| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
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68
clemency
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| n.温和，仁慈，宽厚 | |
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69
beseech
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| v.祈求，恳求 | |
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70
prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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71
reclaims
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| v.开拓( reclaim的第三人称单数 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救 | |
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72
agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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73
regained
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| 复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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74
equanimity
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| n.沉着，镇定 | |
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75
vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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76
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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77
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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78
hymns
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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79
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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80
constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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81
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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82
precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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83
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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84
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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85
frantically
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| ad.发狂地, 发疯地 | |
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86
renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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87
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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88
pallid
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| adj.苍白的，呆板的 | |
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89
fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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90
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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91
gory
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| adj.流血的；残酷的 | |
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92
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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93
momentary
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| adj.片刻的，瞬息的；短暂的 | |
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94
enacted
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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96
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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97
delirium
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| n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋 | |
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98
abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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99
tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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100
gushed
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| v.喷，涌( gush的过去式和过去分词 )；滔滔不绝地说话 | |
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101
nourishment
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| n.食物，营养品；营养情况 | |
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102
blighted
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| adj.枯萎的，摧毁的 | |
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103
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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104
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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105
delirious
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| adj.不省人事的，神智昏迷的 | |
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106
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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107
eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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108
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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109
renounced
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| v.声明放弃( renounce的过去式和过去分词 )；宣布放弃；宣布与…决裂；宣布摒弃 | |
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110
appalled
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| v.使惊骇，使充满恐惧( appall的过去式和过去分词)adj.惊骇的；丧胆的 | |
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111
speculations
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| n.投机买卖( speculation的名词复数 )；思考；投机活动；推断 | |
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112
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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113
whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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114
philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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115
assent
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| v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可 | |
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116
heresy
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| n.异端邪说；异教 | |
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117
eternity
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| n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷 | |
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118
benighted
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| adj.蒙昧的 | |
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119
shudders
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| n.颤动，打颤，战栗( shudder的名词复数 )v.战栗( shudder的第三人称单数 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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120
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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121
exhort
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| v.规劝，告诫 | |
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122
seduced
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| 诱奸( seduce的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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123
contrite
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| adj.悔悟了的，后悔的，痛悔的 | |
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124
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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125
penitence
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| n.忏悔，赎罪；悔过 | |
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126
circumspection
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| n.细心，慎重 | |
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127
labors
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| v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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128
soften
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| v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和 | |
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129
scriptures
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| 经文，圣典( scripture的名词复数 )； 经典 | |
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130
interceding
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| v.斡旋，调解( intercede的现在分词 )；说情 | |
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131
remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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132
monarchy
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| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
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133
incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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134
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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135
civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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136
mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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137
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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138
slumbers
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| 睡眠，安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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139
raves
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| n.狂欢晚会( rave的名词复数 )v.胡言乱语( rave的第三人称单数 )；愤怒地说；咆哮；痴心地说 | |
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140
apparitions
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| n.特异景象( apparition的名词复数 )；幽灵；鬼；（特异景象等的）出现 | |
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141
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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142
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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143
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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144
thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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145
prodigal
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| adj.浪费的，挥霍的，放荡的 | |
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146
softened
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| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
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147
almighty
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| adj.全能的，万能的；很大的，很强的 | |
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148
contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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149
submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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150
commissioners
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| n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官 | |
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151
mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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152
liberated
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| a.无拘束的，放纵的 | |
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153
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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154
withdrawal
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| n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销 | |
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155
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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156
counselors
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| n.顾问( counselor的名词复数 )；律师；（使馆等的）参赞；（协助学生解决问题的）指导老师 | |
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157
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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158
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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159
devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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160
linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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161
privately
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| adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地 | |
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162
consorts
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| n.配偶( consort的名词复数 )；（演奏古典音乐的）一组乐师；一组古典乐器；一起v.结伴( consort的第三人称单数 )；交往；相称；调和 | |
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163
wails
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| 痛哭，哭声( wail的名词复数 ) | |
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164
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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165
adagios
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| n.柔板( adagio的名词复数 )；慢板；柔板乐章；（男女二人或三人舞时女角保持高难度平衡的）缓慢动作 | |
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166
utterance
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| n.用言语表达，话语，言语 | |
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167
lodge
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| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
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168
transpiring
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| （事实，秘密等）被人知道( transpire的现在分词 )； 泄露； 显露； 发生 | |
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169
wedlock
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| n.婚姻，已婚状态 | |
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170
inflexible
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| adj.不可改变的，不受影响的，不屈服的 | |
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171
predilections
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| n.偏爱，偏好，嗜好( predilection的名词复数 ) | |
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172
evaded
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| 逃避( evade的过去式和过去分词 )； 避开； 回避； 想不出 | |
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173
scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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174
confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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175
preyed
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| v.掠食( prey的过去式和过去分词 )；掠食；折磨；（人）靠欺诈为生 | |
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176
graphic
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| adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的 | |
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177
raven
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| n.渡鸟，乌鸦；adj.乌亮的 | |
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178
morsel
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| n.一口，一点点 | |
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179
beak
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| n.鸟嘴，茶壶嘴，钩形鼻 | |
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180
incurring
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| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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181
sentries
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| 哨兵，步兵( sentry的名词复数 ) | |
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182
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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183
imploring
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| 恳求的，哀求的 | |
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184
wring
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| n.扭绞；v.拧，绞出，扭 | |
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185
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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186
baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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187
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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188
recess
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| n.短期休息，壁凹（墙上装架子，柜子等凹处） | |
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189
appease
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| v.安抚，缓和，平息，满足 | |
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190
sobs
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| 啜泣（声），呜咽（声）( sob的名词复数 ) | |
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