The conduct of Frederick the Second, upon his accession to the throne, was in accordance with his professions. The winter had been intensely cold. The spring was late and wet. There was almost a famine in the land. The public granaries, which the foresight1 of his father had established, contained large stores of grain, which were distributed to the poor at very low prices. A thousand aged2 and destitute3 women in Berlin were provided with rooms, well warmed, where they spun4 in the service of the king, with good wages, and in their grateful hearts ever thanking their benefactor5. He abolished the use of torture in criminal trials, not forgetting that he himself had come very near having his limbs stretched upon the rack. This important decree, which was hailed with joy all over Prussia, was issued the third day after his accession.
Very vigorous measures were immediately adopted to establish an Academy of Sciences. The celebrated7 French philosopher Maupertuis, who had just obtained great renown8 from measuring a degree of the meridian9 at the polar circle, was invited to organize this very important institute. The letter to the philosopher, written by the king but a few days after his accession, was as follows:
“My heart and my inclination10 excited in me, from the moment I mounted the throne, the desire of having you here, that you might put our Berlin Academy in the shape you alone are capable of giving it. Come then, come, and insert into this wild crab-tree the sciences, that it may bear fruit. You have shown the figure of the earth to mankind; show also to a king how sweet it is to possess such a man as you.
“Monsieur De Maupertuis, your very affectionate
“Frederick.”
192 On the 22d of June a complaint was made to the king that the Roman Catholic schools were perverted11 to seducing12 Protestants to become Catholics. Frederick returned the complaint with the following words written upon the margin13:
“All religions must be tolerated, and the king’s solicitor14 must have an eye that none of them make unjust encroachments on the other; for in this country every man must get to heaven his own way.”
It is a fact worthy15 of mention, as illustrative of the neglect with which the king had regarded his own German language in his devotion to the French tongue, that in these three lines there were eleven words wrongly spelled.
But the good sense of the utterance16, so rare in those dark days, electrified17 thousands of minds. It drew the attention of Europe to Frederick, and gave him wide-spread renown.
Under Frederick William the newspaper press in Berlin amounted to nothing. The capital had not a single daily paper. Speedy destruction would crush any writer who, in journal, pamphlet, or book, should publish any thing displeasing18 to the king. Frederick proclaimed freedom of the press. Two newspapers were established in Berlin, one in French and one in German. Distinguished19 men were selected to edit them. One was a noted20 writer from Hamburg. Frederick, in his absolutism, had adopted the resolve not to interfere21 with the freedom of the press unless there were some gross violation22 of what he deemed proper. He allowed very bitter satires23 to be circulated in Berlin against himself, simply replying to the remonstrances24 of his ministers, “The press is free.”
Such were the measures adopted during the first week of Frederick’s reign25. He soon abolished the enormously expensive regiment26 of giants, and organized, instead of them, four regiments27 composed of men of the usual stature28.32 Within a few months he added sixteen thousand men to his already large army, thus193 raising the number of the standing29 army of his little realm to over ninety thousand men. He compelled his old associates to feel, and some of them very keenly, that he was no longer their comrade, but their king. One of the veteran and most honored officers of Frederick William, in his expressions of condolence and congratulation, ventured to suggest the hope that he and his sons might continue to “occupy the same posts and retain the same authority as in the last reign.”
“You will retain your posts,” said the king, severely30. “I have no thought of making any change. But as to authority, I know of none there can be but what resides in the king that is sovereign.”
The Marquis of Schwedt advanced to meet the new-made sovereign, his face beaming jovially31, and with outstretched hands, as in the days of their old companionship. Frederick, fixing his cold eye steadfastly32 upon him, almost floored him with the rebuff, “My cousin, I am now king.”
General Schulenburg, trembling in memory of the fact that he had once, in court-martial, given his vote in favor of beheading the Crown Prince, hastened from his post at Landsberg to congratulate the prince upon his accession to the throne. To his extreme chagrin33 and indignation, he was repelled34 by the words, “An officer should not quit his post without order. Return immediately to Landsberg.”
As an administrative35 officer the young sovereign was inexorable and heartless in the extreme. Those who had befriended him in the days of his adversity were not remembered with any profusion36 of thanks or favors. Those who had been in sympathy with his father in his persecution37 of the Crown Prince encountered no spirit of revenge. Apparently38 dead to affection, and oblivious40 of the past, the young sovereign only sought for those agents who could best assist him in the work to which he now consecrated41 all his energies—the endeavor to aggrandize42 the kingdom of Prussia. Poor Doris Ritter received but a trivial pension for her terrible wrongs. Lieutenant43 Keith, his friend and confederate in his contemplated44 flight, who had barely escaped with his life from Wesel, after ten years of exile hastened home, hoping that his faithful services and sufferings would meet with a reward. The king appointed him merely lieutenant colonel,194 with scarcely sufficient income to keep him from absolute want. Perhaps the king judged that the young man was not capable of filling, to the advantage of the state, a higher station, and he had no idea of sacrificing his interests to gratitude45.
Ten years later the king made poor Keith a present of a purse of gold, containing about seven thousand dollars, under circumstances which reflected much credit upon the donor46. In the following quaint47 style Carlyle records the incident:
“The king did a beautiful thing to Lieutenant Keith the other day—that poor Keith who was nailed to the gallows48, in effigy49, for him at Wesel, long ago, and got far less than he expected. The other day there had been a grand review, part of it extending into Madame Knyphausen’s grounds, who is Keith’s mother-in-law.
“‘Monsieur Keith,’ said the king to him, ‘I am sorry we had to spoil Madame’s fine shrubbery by our man?uvres; have the goodness to give her that, with my apologies,’ and handed him a pretty casket with key to it, and in the interior 10,000 crowns.
“Not a shrub50 of Madame’s had been cut or injured. But the king, you see, would count it ￡1500 of damage done, and here is acknowledgment for it, which please accept. Is not that a gracious little touch?”
One wretched man, who had been the guilty accomplice52 of the Crown Prince in former scenes of guilt51 and shame, was so troubled by the neglect with which he was treated that he hanged himself.
Frederick, as Crown Prince, had been quite methodical in the distribution of his time, and had cultivated rigid53 habits of industry. Now, fully54 conscious of the immense duties and cares which would devolve upon him as king, he entered into a very systematic55 arrangement of the employments of each hour, to which he rigidly56 adhered during nearly the whole of his reign of forty-six years. He ordered his servants to wake him at four o’clock every morning. Being naturally inclined to sleep, he found it hard to shake off his lethargy. The attendants were therefore directed, every morning, to place upon his forehead a towel dipped in cold water. He thus continued to rise at four o’clock, summer and winter, until an advanced age.
A single servant lighted his fire, shaved him, and dressed his195 hair. He always wore the uniform of his guards, and allowed only fifteen minutes for his morning toilet. He did not indulge in the luxury of slippers57 or dressing-gown, though occasionally, when ill, he put on a sort of linen58 wrapper, but even then he wore his military boots. Only on one day in the year did he appear in silk stockings, and that was on the birthday of his neglected wife, when he formally called upon her with his congratulations.
The ordinary routine of the day, when not absent on travels or campaigns, was as follows: As soon as dressed, one of his pages brought the packet of letters. The number was usually very large. He employed himself in reading these letters till eight o’clock. By a particular style of folding, he designated those to which no reply was to be returned, those to which there was to be an immediate6 reply, and those which required further consideration. At eight o’clock one of the four secretaries of the cabinet entered, took the three parcels, and, while the king was breakfasting, received from him very briefly59 the character of the response to be made.
At nine o’clock Frederick received one of the general officers, and arranged with him all the military affairs of the day, usually dismissing him loaded with business. At ten o’clock he reviewed some one of the regiments; and then, after attending parade, devoted60 himself to literary pursuits or private correspondence until dinner-time. This was the portion of the day he usually appropriated to authorship. He was accustomed to compose, both in prose and verse, while slowly traversing the graveled walks of his garden.
He was particularly fond of dogs of the graceful61 greyhound breed, and might often be seen with book and pencil in his hand, in the shady walks, with three or four Italian greyhounds gamboling around him, apparently entirely62 absorbed in deep meditation63. A page usually followed at a short distance behind, to attend his call. At twelve o’clock he dined with invited guests. As quite a number of distinguished men always met at his table, and the king was very fond of good living, as well as of the “feast of reason and the flow of soul,” the repast was frequently prolonged until nearly three o’clock. At dinner he was very social, priding himself not a little upon his conversational64 powers.
196
FREDERICK IN THE GARDEN.
In pleasant weather he took a long walk after dinner, and generally at so rapid a pace that it was difficult for most persons to keep up with him. At four o’clock the secretaries brought to him the answers to the letters which they had received from him in the morning. He glanced them over, examining some with care. Then, until six o’clock, he devoted himself to reading, to literary compositions, and to the affairs of the Academy, in which he took a very deep interest. At six o’clock he had a private musical concert, at which he performed himself upon the flute65. He was passionately66 fond of this instrument, and continued to play upon it until, in old age, his teeth decaying, he was unable to produce the sounds he wished.
After the concert, which usually continued an hour, he engaged197 in conversation until ten o’clock. He then took supper with a few friends, and at eleven retired67 to his bed.
To his mother he was very considerate in all his manifestations68 of filial affection, while, at the same time, he caused her very distinctly to understand that she was to take no share whatever in the affairs of government. When she addressed him, upon his accession to the throne, as “Your Majesty69,” he replied, “Call me son. That is the title of all others most agreeable to me.” He decreed to her the title of “Her Majesty the Queen-mother.” The palace of Monbijou was assigned her, where she was surrounded with every luxury, treated with the most distinguished attention, and her court was the acknowledged centre of fashionable society.
He seems ever to have treated his nominal70 wife, Queen Elizabeth, politely. For some months after the accession he was quite prominent in his public attentions to her. But these intervals71 of association grew gradually more rare, until after three or four years they ceased almost entirely.
Frederick, under the tutelage of his stern father, had not enjoyed the privileges of foreign travel. While other princes of far humbler expectations were taking the grand tour of Europe, the Crown Prince was virtually imprisoned72 in the barracks, day after day, engaged in the dull routine of drilling the giant guard. After the death of his father he did not condescend73 to be crowned, proudly assuming, in contradiction to some of his earlier teachings, that the crown was already placed upon his brow by divine power. He, however, exacted from the people throughout his realms oaths of allegiance, and in person visited several of the principal cities to administer those oaths with much pomp of ceremony. The Danish envoy74, writing home to his government respecting the administration of Frederick, says,
“I must observe that hitherto the King of Prussia does, as it were, every thing himself; and that, excepting the finance minister, who preaches frugality75, and finds for that doctrine76 uncommon77 acceptance, his majesty allows no counseling from any minister; so that the minister for foreign affairs has nothing to do but to expedite the orders he receives, his advice not being asked upon any matter. And so it is with the other ministers.”
On the 12th of June, but a fortnight after his accession, Frederick198 wrote from Charlottenburg to Voltaire, who was then at Brussels, as follows:
“My dear Voltaire,—Resist no longer the eagerness I have to see you. Do, in my favor, whatever your humanity allows. In the end of August I go to Wesel, and perhaps farther. Promise that you will come and join me, for I could not live happy nor die tranquil78 without having embraced you. Thousand compliments to the Marquise” (Madame Du Chatelet, the divine Emilie). “I am busy with both hands—working at the army with one hand, at the people and the fine arts with the other.”
It would seem that Frederick was not very willing to receive, as his guest, the divine Emilie, who occupied so questionable79 a position in the household of Voltaire; for he wrote again, on the 5th of August, in reply to a letter from Voltaire, saying,
“I will write to Madame Du Chatelet in compliance80 with your wish. To speak to you frankly81 concerning her journey, it is Voltaire, it is you, it is my friend that I desire to see. I can not say whether I shall travel or not travel. Adieu, dear friend, sublime82 spirit, first-born of thinking beings. Love me always sincerely, and be persuaded that none can love and esteem83 you more than I.”
Again the next day he wrote:
“You will have received a letter from me dated yesterday. This is the second I write to you from Berlin. I refer you to what was in the other. If it must be that Emilie accompany Apollo, I consent. But if I could see you alone, that is what I should prefer. I should be too much dazzled. I could not stand so much splendor84 all at once. It would overpower me. I should need the veil of Moses to temper the united radiance of your two divinities.”
In return, Voltaire compliments the king very profusely85. Speaking of the book of the royal author, the Anti-Machiavel, he writes:
“It is a monument for the latest posterity86; the only book worthy of a king for these fifteen hundred years.”33
199 Frederick was very desirous of visiting France, whose literature, science, and distinguished men he so greatly admired. Early Monday morning, the 15th of August, the king left Potsdam to visit his sister Wilhelmina, intending then to continue his journey incognito87 into France, and, if circumstances favored, as far as Paris. The king assumed the name of the Count Dufour. His next younger brother, William, eighteen years of age, accompanied him, also under an assumed name. William was now Crown Prince, to inherit the throne should Frederick leave no children. Six other gentlemen composed the party. They traveled in two coaches, with but few attendants, and avoided all unnecessary display.
Frederick spent three days with his sister at Baireuth. Wilhelmina was disappointed in his appearance. The brotherly affection she looked for was not found. He was cold, stately, disposed to banter88 her, and his conversation seemed “set on stilts89.” Leaving Baireuth, the king continued his journey very rapidly toward Strasbourg. When they reached Kehl, on the eastern banks of the Rhine, they were informed that they could not cross the river without passports. One of the gentlemen drew up the necessary document, which the king signed and sealed with his signet-ring. The curiosity of the landlord had been excited, and he watched his guests from a closet. Seeing what was done, he said to Frederstorf, the king’s valet, “Count Dufour is the King of Prussia, sir; I saw him sign his name.” He was bribed90 to keep the secret.
When they reached Strasbourg they provided themselves with French dresses. The king and his brother put up at different inns, that they might be less liable to suspicion. Frederick,200 with several of his party, took lodgings91 at the Raven92 Hotel. He sent the landlord out to invite several army officers to sup with a foreign gentleman, Count Dufour, from Bohemia, who was an entire stranger in the place. Some of the officers very peremptorily93 declined the invitation, considering it an imposition. Three, however, allured94 by the singularity of the summons, repaired to the inn. The assumed count received them with great courtesy, apologized for the liberty he had taken, thanked them for their kindness, and assured them that, being a stranger, he was very happy to make the acquaintance of so many brave officers, whose society he valued above that of all others.
The companions of the king were well-bred men, of engaging manners, commanding intelligence, and accustomed to authority. The entertainment was superb, with an abundance of the richest wines. The conversation took a wide range, and was interesting and exciting to a high degree. The French officers were quite bewildered by the scene. The count was perfect master of the French language, was very brilliant in his sallies, and seemed perfectly96 familiar with all military affairs. He was treated with remarkable97 deference98 by his companions, some of whom were far his superiors in years.
The entertainment was prolonged until a late hour of the night. The delighted guests, as they retired, urged their host to attend parade with them in the morning, offering to come in person to conduct him to the ground. The count, with pleasure, accepted the invitation. In the morning he was escorted to the parade-ground. His fame spread rapidly. Friends multiplied. He was invited to sup with the officers in the evening, and accepted the invitation. Marshal Broglio, a very stately gentleman of seventy years, was military governor at Strasbourg. The count and one of his companions, the distinguished philosopher Count Algarotti, were invited to dine with the marshal. The supper given in the evening by the officers was brilliant. They then repaired to the opera. A poor little girl came to the box with a couple of lottery99 tickets for sale. Frederick gave her four ducats ($25), and tore up the tickets.
Strasbourg began to echo with the fame of this foreign count. But the next morning, Thursday, August 25, as Marshal Broglio was walking on the Esplanade, a soldier, who had formerly201 been in the regiment of the Crown Prince at Potsdam, and who knew the Crown Prince perfectly, having seen him hundreds of times, but who had deserted100 and entered the French service, came to the marshal, with much bowing and embarrassment101, and assured him that Count Dufour was no less than the King of Prussia.
The secret was now out. The tidings flew in all directions that the King of Prussia was in Strasbourg incognito. The king, not yet aware of the detection, called upon the marshal. A crowd of officers gathered eagerly around. The marshal was much embarrassed in his desire to respect the incognito, and also to manifest the consideration due to a sovereign. No one yet ventured to address him as king, though there were many indications that his rank was beginning to be known. Frederick therefore decided102 to get out of the city as soon as possible. To conceal103 his design, he made arrangements to attend the theatre with the marshal in the evening. The marshal went to the theatre with all his officers. The building was crowded with the multitude hoping to see the king. Bonfires began to blaze in the streets, and shouts were heard of “Long live the King of Prussia.” Frederick hastily collected his companions, paid his enormous bill at the Raven, “shot off like lightning,” and was seen in Strasbourg no more.
Voltaire was at this time in Brussels. Frederick wrote him from Wesel, under date of 2d September, 1740, giving a narrative104 of his adventures, partly in prose, partly in verse. It was a long communication, the rhyme very much like that which a bright school-girl would write upon the gallop105. The following specimen106 of this singular production will give the reader a sufficient idea of the whole:
“My dear Voltaire,—You wish to know what I have been about since leaving Berlin. Annexed107 you will find a description of it.
“I have just finished a journey intermingled with singular adventures, sometimes pleasant, sometimes the reverse. You know I had set out for Baireuth to see a sister whom I love no less than esteem. On the road Algarotti and I consulted the map to settle our route for returning by Wesel. Frankfort-on-the-202Main comes always as a principal stage. Strasbourg was no great roundabout. We chose that route in preference. The incognito was decided, names pitched upon, story we were to tell. In fine, all was arranged as well as possible. We fancied we should get to Strasbourg in three days.
“Mais le ciel, qui de tout108 dispose,
Régla différemment la chose.
Avec de coursiers efflanqués,
Et des paysans en postillons masqués,
Butors de race impertinente,
Notre carrosse en cent lieux accroché,
Nous allions gravement d’une allure95 indolente,
Gravitant contre les rochers,
L’airs émus par39 le bruyant tonnere.
Les torrents109 d’eau répandus sur la terre
Du dernier jour mena?aient les humains.
Et malgré notre impatience110,
Quatre bons jours en pénitence
Sont pour jamais perdus dans les charrains.”
(But Heaven, which of all disposes,
Regulated differently the thing.
With coursers lank-sided,
And peasants as postillions disguised,
Blockheads of race impertinent,
Our carriages in a hundred places sticking,
We went gravely at a slow pace,
Knocking against the rocks,
The air agitated111 by loud thunder.
Torrents of water spread over the earth
With the last day threatened mankind.
And notwithstanding our impatience,
Four good days in penance112
Are forever lost in these jumbles113.)
“Had all our fatalities114 been limited to stoppages of speed on the journey, we should have taken patience. But after frightful115 roads we found lodgings still more frightful.”
Then came another strain of verse. Thus the prose and the doggerel116 were interspersed117 through the long narrative. Though very truthful118 in character, it was a school-boy performance—a very singular document indeed to be sent to the most brilliant genius of that age, by one who soon proved himself to be the ablest sovereign in Europe.
At Wesel the king met Maupertuis, to whom we have already alluded119, who was then one of the greatest of European celebrities120. His discovery of the flattening121 of the earth at the poles had given him such renown that the kings of Russia, France, and Prussia were all lavishing122 honors upon him. It was a great gratification to Frederick that he had secured his services in organizing the Berlin Academy. While at Wesel the king was seized by a fever, which shut him up for a time in the small chateau123 of Moyland. He had never yet met Voltaire, and being very anxious to see him, wrote to him as follows, under date of September 6th, 1740:
203
“My dear Voltaire,—In spite of myself, I have to yield to the quartan fever, which is more tenacious124 than a Jansenist. And whatever desire I had of going to Antwerp and Brussels, I find myself not in a condition to undertake such a journey without risk. I would ask of you, then, if the road from Brussels to Cleves would not to you seem too long for a meeting? It is the one means of seeing you which remains125 to me. Confess that I am unlucky; for now, when I could dispose of my person, and nothing hinders me from seeing you, the fever gets its hand into the business, and seems to intend disputing me that satisfaction.
“Let us deceive the fever, my dear Voltaire, and let me have at least the pleasure of embracing you. Make my best excuses to Madame the Marquise that I can not have the satisfaction of seeing her at Brussels. All that are about me know the intention I was in, which certainly nothing but the fever could make me change.
“Sunday next I shall be at a little place near Cleves, where I shall be able to possess you at my ease. If the sight of you don’t cure me, I will send for a confessor at once. Adieu. You know my sentiments and my heart.
Frederick.”
In accordance with this request, Voltaire repaired to Cleves to visit the king. Many years afterward126, having quarreled with Frederick, and being disposed to represent him in the most unfavorable light, he gave the following account of this interview in his Vie Privée:
“The king said that he would come and see me incognito at Brussels. But having fallen ill a couple of leagues from Cleves, he wrote me that he expected I would make the advances. I went accordingly to present my profound homages. I found at the gate of the court-yard a single soldier on guard. The privy127 councilor Rambonet, Minister of State, was walking about the court, blowing on his fingers to warm them. He had on great ruffles128 of dirty linen, a hat with holes in it, and an old periwig, one end of which hung down into one of his pockets, while the other hardly covered his shoulder.
“I was conducted into his majesty’s apartment, where there was nothing but the bare walls. I perceived in a closet, lit by a single wax candle, a small bed, two feet and a half wide, on204 which lay a little man wrapped up in a cloak of coarse blue cloth. It was the king, who perspired129 and shivered, under a miserable130 coverlet, in a violent access of fever. I made my bow, and began the acquaintance by feeling his pulse, as if I had been his first physician. When the fit was passed he dressed himself and came to supper. Algarotti, Keyserling, Maupertuis, and the king’s embassador to the States General made up the party. We talked learnedly respecting the immortality131 of the soul, liberty, and the Androgynes of Plato, and other small topics of that nature.”
FREDERICK’S FIRST INTERVIEW WITH VOLTAIRE.
Frederick, who was then in the zenith of his admiration132 for Voltaire, describes as follows, in a letter to his friend M. Jordan, his impressions of the interview:
“I have at length seen Voltaire, whom I was so anxious to205 know. But, alas133! I saw him when under the influence of my fever, and when my mind and my body were equally languid. With persons like him one ought not to be sick. On the contrary, one ought to be specially134 well. He has the eloquence135 of Cicero, the mildness of Pliny, and the wisdom of Agrippa. He unites, in a word, all the collected virtues136 and talents of the three greatest men of antiquity137. His intellect is always at work. Every drop of ink that falls from his pen is transformed at once into wit. He declaimed his Mahomet to us, an admirable tragedy which he has composed. I could only admire in silence.”
Indeed, it would seem that, at the time, Voltaire must have been very favorably impressed by the appearance of his royal host. The account he then gave of the interview was very different from that which, in his exasperation138, he wrote twenty years afterward. In a letter to a friend, M. De Cideville, dated October 18th, 1740, Voltaire wrote:
“When you sent me, inclosed in your letter, those verses for our Marcus Aurelius of the North, I fully intended to pay my court to him with them. He was at that time to have come to Brussels incognito. But the quartan fever, which unhappily he still has, deranged139 all his projects. He has sent me a courier to Brussels, and so I set out to find him in the neighborhood of Cleves.
“It was there that I saw one of the most amiable140 men in the world, who forms the charm of society, who would be every where sought after if he were not a king; a philosopher without austerity, full of sweetness, complaisance141, and obliging ways—not remembering that he is king when he meets his friends; indeed, so completely forgetting it that he made me too almost forget it, and I needed an effort of memory to recollect142 that I here saw, sitting at the foot of my bed, a sovereign who had an army of a hundred thousand men.”
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foresight
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| n.先见之明，深谋远虑 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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spun
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benefactor
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| n. 恩人，行善的人，捐助人 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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celebrated
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renown
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meridian
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inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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perverted
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| adj.不正当的v.滥用( pervert的过去式和过去分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落 | |
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seducing
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| 诱奸( seduce的现在分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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margin
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solicitor
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worthy
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utterance
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electrified
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displeasing
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distinguished
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noted
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interfere
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violation
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satires
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| 讽刺，讥讽( satire的名词复数 )； 讽刺作品 | |
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24
remonstrances
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| n.抱怨，抗议( remonstrance的名词复数 ) | |
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25
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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29
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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30
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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31
jovially
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| adv.愉快地，高兴地 | |
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32
steadfastly
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| adv.踏实地，不变地；岿然；坚定不渝 | |
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33
chagrin
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| n.懊恼；气愤；委屈 | |
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34
repelled
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| v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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35
administrative
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| adj.行政的，管理的 | |
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36
profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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37
persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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38
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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39
par
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| n.标准，票面价值，平均数量；adj.票面的，平常的，标准的 | |
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40
oblivious
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| adj.易忘的，遗忘的，忘却的，健忘的 | |
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41
consecrated
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| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
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42
aggrandize
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| v.增大，扩张，吹捧 | |
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43
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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44
contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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45
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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46
donor
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| n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体 | |
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47
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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48
gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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49
effigy
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| n.肖像 | |
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50
shrub
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| n.灌木，灌木丛 | |
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51
guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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52
accomplice
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| n.从犯，帮凶，同谋 | |
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53
rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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54
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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55
systematic
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| adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的 | |
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56
rigidly
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| adv.刻板地，僵化地 | |
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57
slippers
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| n. 拖鞋 | |
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58
linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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59
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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60
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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61
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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62
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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63
meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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64
conversational
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| adj.对话的，会话的 | |
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65
flute
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| n.长笛；v.吹笛 | |
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66
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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67
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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68
manifestations
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| n.表示，显示（manifestation的复数形式） | |
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69
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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70
nominal
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| adj.名义上的；(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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71
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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72
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
condescend
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| v.俯就，屈尊；堕落，丢丑 | |
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74
envoy
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| n.使节，使者，代表，公使 | |
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75
frugality
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| n.节约，节俭 | |
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76
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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77
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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78
tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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79
questionable
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| adj.可疑的，有问题的 | |
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80
compliance
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| n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从 | |
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81
frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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82
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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83
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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84
splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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85
profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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86
posterity
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| n.后裔，子孙，后代 | |
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87
incognito
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| adv.匿名地；n.隐姓埋名；adj.化装的，用假名的，隐匿姓名身份的 | |
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88
banter
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| n.嘲弄，戏谑；v.取笑，逗弄，开玩笑 | |
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89
stilts
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| n.（支撑建筑物高出地面或水面的）桩子，支柱( stilt的名词复数 )；高跷 | |
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90
bribed
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| v.贿赂( bribe的过去式和过去分词 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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91
lodgings
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| n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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92
raven
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| n.渡鸟，乌鸦；adj.乌亮的 | |
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93
peremptorily
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| adv.紧急地，不容分说地，专横地 | |
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94
allured
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| 诱引，吸引( allure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95
allure
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| n.诱惑力，魅力；vt.诱惑，引诱，吸引 | |
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96
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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97
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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98
deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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99
lottery
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| n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事 | |
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100
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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101
embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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102
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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103
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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104
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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105
gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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106
specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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107
annexed
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| [法] 附加的，附属的 | |
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108
tout
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| v.推销，招徕；兜售；吹捧，劝诱 | |
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109
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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110
impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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111
agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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112
penance
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| n.（赎罪的）惩罪 | |
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113
jumbles
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| 混杂( jumble的名词复数 )； （使）混乱； 使混乱； 使杂乱 | |
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114
fatalities
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| n.恶性事故( fatality的名词复数 )；死亡；致命性；命运 | |
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115
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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116
doggerel
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| n.拙劣的诗，打油诗 | |
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117
interspersed
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| adj.[医]散开的；点缀的v.intersperse的过去式和过去分词 | |
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118
truthful
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| adj.真实的，说实话的，诚实的 | |
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119
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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120
celebrities
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| n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉 | |
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121
flattening
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| n. 修平 动词flatten的现在分词 | |
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122
lavishing
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| v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的现在分词 ) | |
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123
chateau
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| n.城堡，别墅 | |
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124
tenacious
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| adj.顽强的，固执的，记忆力强的，粘的 | |
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125
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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126
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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127
privy
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| adj.私用的；隐密的 | |
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128
ruffles
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| 褶裥花边( ruffle的名词复数 ) | |
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129
perspired
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| v.出汗，流汗( perspire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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130
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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131
immortality
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| n.不死，不朽 | |
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132
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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133
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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134
specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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135
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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136
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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137
antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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138
exasperation
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| n.愤慨 | |
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139
deranged
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| adj.疯狂的 | |
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140
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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141
complaisance
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| n.彬彬有礼，殷勤，柔顺 | |
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142
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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