It was on the 11th of November, 1741, that Frederick, elated with his conquest of Silesia, had returned to Berlin. In commencing the enterprise he had said, “Ambition, interest, and the desire to make the world speak of me, vanquished3 all, and war was determined4 on.” He had, indeed, succeeded in making the “world speak” of him. He had suddenly become the most prominent man in Europe. Some extolled5 his exploits. Some expressed amazement6 at his perfidy7. Many, recognizing his sagacity296 and his tremendous energy, sought his alliance. Embassadors from the various courts of Europe crowded his capital. Fourteen sovereign princes, with many foreigners of the highest rank, were counted among the number. The king was in high spirits. While studiously maturing his plans for the future, he assumed the air of a thoughtless man of fashion, and dazzled the eyes and bewildered the minds of his guests with feasts and pageants8.
FREDERICK THE GREAT. ?T. 30
On the 7th of January, 1742, Frederick’s eldest9 brother, William Augustus, was married to Louisa Amelia, a younger sister of the king’s neglected wife, Elizabeth. The king himself graced297 the festival, in gorgeous attire10, and very successfully plied12 all his wonderful arts of fascination13. “He appeared,” says Bielfeld, “so young, so gay, so graceful14, that I could not have refrained from loving him, even if he had been a stranger.”
But, in the midst of these scenes of gayety, the king was contemplating15 the most complicated combinations of diplomacy16. Europe was apparently17 thrown into a state of chaos18. It was Frederick’s one predominant thought to see what advantages he could secure to Prussia from the general wreck20 and ruin. Lord Macaulay, speaking of these scenes, says:
“The selfish rapacity21 of the King of Prussia gave the signal to his neighbors. His example quieted their sense of shame. The whole world sprang to arms. On the head of Frederick is all the blood which was shed in a war which raged during many years, and in every quarter of the globe—the blood of the column of Fontenoy, the blood of the brave mountaineers who were slaughtered22 at Culloden. The evils produced by this wickedness were felt in lands where the name of Prussia was unknown. In order that he might rob a neighbor whom he had promised to defend, black men fought on the coast of Coromandel, and red men scalped each other by the great lakes of North America.”
As we have stated, Frederick had declared that if any rumor23 should be spread abroad of the fact that he had entered into a secret treaty with Austria, he would deny it, and would no longer pay any regard to its stipulations. He had adopted the precaution not to affix24 his signature to any paper. By this ignoble25 stratagem26 he had obtained Neisse and Silesia. The rumor of the secret treaty had gone abroad. He had denied it. And now, in accordance with the principles of his peculiar27 code of honor, he felt himself at liberty to pursue any course which policy might dictate28.
Frederick, in his Histoire de mon Temps, states that, in the negotiations29 which at this time took place in Berlin, France pressed the king to bring forward his armies into vigorous co-operation; that England exhorted30 him to make peace with Austria; that Spain solicited31 his alliance in her warfare32 against England; that Denmark implored33 his counsel as to the course it was wise for that kingdom to pursue; that Sweden entreated34 his aid against Russia; that Russia besought35 his good offices to make298 peace with the court at Stockholm; and that the German empire, anxious for peace, entreated him to put an end to those troubles which were convulsing all Europe.
The probable object of the Austrian court in revealing the secret treaty of Schnellendorf was to set Frederick and France at variance36. Frederick, much exasperated37, not only denied the treaty, but professed38 increased devotion to the interests of Louis XV. The allies, consisting of France, Prussia, Bavaria, and Saxony, now combined to wrest39 Moravia from Maria Theresa, and annex40 it to Saxony. This province, governed by a marquis, was a third larger than the State of Massachusetts, and contained a population of about a million and a half. Moravia bounded Silesia on the south. Frederick made a special treaty with the King of Saxony, that the southern boundary of Silesia should be a full German mile, which was between four and five English miles, beyond the line of the River Neisse. With Frederick’s usual promptitude, he insisted that commissioners41 should be immediately sent to put down the boundary stones. France was surprised that the King of Saxony should have consented to the surrender of so important a strip of his territory.
Frederick paid but little regard to his allies save as he could make them subservient43 to the accomplishment44 of his purposes. He pushed his troops forward many leagues south into Moravia, and occupied the important posts of Troppau, Friedenthal, and Olmütz. These places were seized the latter part of December. The king hoped thus to be able, early in the spring, to carry the war to the gates of Vienna.
On the 18th of January, 1742, Frederick visited Dresden, to confer with Augustus III., King of Poland, who was also Elector of Saxony, and whose realms were to be increased by the annexation45 of Moravia. His Polish majesty46 was a weak man, entirely47 devoted48 to pleasure. His irresolute49 mind, subjected to the dominant19 energies of the Prussian king, was as clay in the hands of the potter.
“You are now,” said Frederick, “by consent of the allies, King of Moravia. Now is the time, now or never, to become so in fact. Push forward your Saxon troops. The Austrian forces are weak in that country. At Iglau, just over the border from Austria, there is a large magazine of military stores, which can299 easily be seized. Urge forward your troops. The French will contribute strong divisions. I will join you with twenty thousand men. We can at once take possession of Moravia, and perhaps march directly on to Vienna.”
Frederick, in describing this interview, writes: “Augustus answered yes to every thing, with an air of being convinced, joined to a look of great ennui50. Count Brühl,61 whom this interview displeased51, interrupted it by announcing to his majesty that the Opera was about to commence. Ten kingdoms to conquer would not have kept the King of Poland a minute longer. He went, therefore, to the Opera; and the King of Prussia obtained at once, in spite of those who opposed it, a final decision.”62
The next morning, in the intense cold of midwinter, Frederick set out several hours before daylight for the city of Prague, which the French and Bavarians had captured on the 25th of November. Declining all polite attentions, for business was urgent, he eagerly sought M. De Séchelles, the renowned52 head of the commissariat department, and made arrangements with him to perform the extremely difficult task of supplying the army with food in a winter’s campaign.
The next morning, at an early hour, he again dashed off to the east, toward Glatz, a hundred miles distant, where a portion of the Prussian troops were in cantonments, under the young Prince Leopold. Within a week he had ridden over seven hundred miles, commencing his journey every morning as early as four o’clock, and doing a vast amount of business by the way.
It will be remembered that, in the note which M. Valori accidentally dropped, and which Frederick furtively53 obtained, the minister was instructed by the French court not to give up Glatz to the Prussian king if he could possibly avoid it. But Frederick had now seized the city, and the region around, by force300 of arms, and held them with a gripe not to be relaxed. Glatz was a Catholic town. In the convent there was an image of the Virgin54, whose tawdry robes had become threadbare and faded. The wife of the Austrian commandant had promised the Virgin a new dress if she would keep the Prussians out of the city. Frederick heard of this. As he took possession of the city, with grim humor he assured the Virgin that she should not lose in consequence of the favor she had shown the Prussians. New and costly55 garments were immediately provided for her at the expense of the Prussian king.
On the 26th of January Frederick set out from Glatz, with a strong cortége, for Olmütz, far away to the southeast. This place his troops had occupied for a month past. His route led through a chain of mountains, whose bleak56 and dreary57 defiles58 were clogged59 with drifted snow, and swept by freezing gales60. It was a dreadful march, accompanied by many disasters and much suffering.
General Stille, one of the aids of Frederick on this expedition, says that the king, with his retinue61, mounted and in carriages, pushed forward the first day to Landskron. “It was,” he writes, “such a march as I never witnessed before. Through the ice and through the snow, which covered that dreadful chain of mountains between B?hmen and M?hren, we did not arrive till very late. Many of our carriages were broken down, and others were overturned more than once.”63
Frederick, ever regardless of fatigue62 and exposure for himself, never spared his followers63. It was after midnight of the 28th when the weary column, frostbitten, hungry, and exhausted64, reached Olmütz. The king was hospitably65 entertained in the fine palace of the Catholic bishop66, “a little, gouty man,” writes Stille, “about fifty-two years of age, with a countenance67 open and full of candor68.”
Orders had been issued for all the Prussian troops to be rendezvoused70 by the 5th of February at Wischau. They were then to march immediately about seventy-five miles west, to Trebitsch, which was but a few miles south of Iglau, the point of attack. Here they were to join the French and Saxon troops. The force thus concentrated would amount to twenty-four thousand Prussian301 troops, twenty thousand Saxons, and five thousand French horsemen. With this army—forty-nine thousand strong—Frederick was to advance, by one short day’s march, upon Iglau, where the Austrian garrison71 amounted to but ten thousand men.
In the mean time, on the 24th of January, Charles Albert, King of Bavaria, through the intrigues72 of the French minister and the diplomacy of Frederick, was chosen Emperor of Germany. This election Frederick regarded as a great triumph on his part. It was the signal defeat of Austria. Very few of the sons of Adam have passed a more joyless and dreary earthly pilgrimage than was the fortune of Charles Albert. At the time of his election he was forty-five years of age, of moderate stature73, polished manners, and merely ordinary abilities. He was suffering from a complication of the most painful disorders74. His previous life had been but a series of misfortunes, and during all the rest of his days he was assailed75 by the storms of adversity. In death alone he found refuge from a life almost without a joy.
Charles Albert, who took the title of “the Emperor Charles VII.,” was the son of Maximilian, King of Bavaria, who was ruined at Blenheim, and who, being placed under the ban of the empire, lived for many years a pensioner76 upon the charity of Louis XIV. Charles was then but seven years of age, a prince by birth, yet homeless, friendless, and in poverty. With varying fortunes, he subsequently married a daughter of the Emperor Joseph. She was a cousin of Maria Theresa. Upon the death of his father in 1726, Charles Albert became King of Bavaria; but he was involved in debt beyond all hope of extrication77. The intrigues of Frederick placed upon his wan78 and wasted brow the imperial crown of Germany. The coronation festivities took place at Frankfort, with great splendor79, on the 12th of February, 1742.
Wilhelmina, who was present, gives a graphic80 account, with her vivacious81 pen, of many of the scenes, both tragic82 and comic, which ensued.
“Of the coronation itself,” she writes, “though it was truly grand, I will say nothing. The poor emperor could not enjoy it much. He was dying of gout and other painful diseases, and could scarcely stand upon his feet. He spends most of his time302 in bed, courting all manner of German princes. He has managed to lead my margraf into a foolish bargain about raising men for him, which bargain I, on fairly getting sight of it, persuade my margraf to back out of; and, in the end, he does so. The emperor had fallen so ill he was considered even in danger of his life. Poor prince! What a lot he had achieved for himself!”
While these coronation splendors83 were transpiring84, Frederick was striving, with all his characteristic enthusiasm, to push forward his Moravian campaign to a successful issue. Inspired by as tireless energies as ever roused a human heart, he was annoyed beyond measure by the want of efficient co-operation on the part of his less zealous85 allies. Neither the Saxons nor the French could keep pace with his impetuosity. The princes who led the Saxon troops, the petted sons of kings and nobles, were loth to abandon the luxurious86 indulgences to which they had been accustomed. When they arrived at a capacious castle where they found warm fires, an abundant larder87, and sparkling wines, they would linger there many days, decidedly preferring those comforts to campaigning through the blinding, smothering88 snowstorm, and bivouacking on the bleak and icy plains, swept by the gales of a northern winter. The French were equally averse89 to these terrible marches, far more to be dreaded90 than the battle-field.
Frederick remonstrated91, argued, implored, but all in vain. He was not disposed to allow considerations of humanity, regard for suffering or life, to stand in the way of his ambitious plans. For two months, from February 5th, when Frederick rendezvoused the Prussians at Wischau, until April 5th, he found himself, to his excessive chagrin, unable to accomplish any thing of moment, in consequence of the lukewarmness of his allies. He was annoyed almost beyond endurance. It was indeed important, in a military point of view, that there should be an immediate42 march upon Iglau. It was certain that the Austrians, forewarned, would soon remove their magazines or destroy them. The utmost expedition was essential to the success of the enterprise.
The young officers in the Saxon army, having disposed their troops in comfortable barracks, had established their own head-quarters in the magnificent castle of Budischau, in the vicinity303 of Trebitsch. “Nothing like this superb mansion,” writes Stille, “is to be seen except in theatres, on the drop-scene of the enchanted92 castle.” Here these young lords made themselves very comfortable. They had food in abundance, luxuriously93 served, with the choicest wines. Roaring fires in huge stoves converted, within the walls, winter into genial94 summer. Here these pleasure-loving nobles, with song, and wine, and such favorites, male and female, as they carried with them, loved to linger.
THE YOUNG LORDS OF SAXONY ON A WINTER CAMPAIGN.
At length, however, Frederick succeeded in pushing forward a detachment of his army to seize the magazines and the post he so greatly coveted95. The troops marched all night. Toward morning, almost perishing with cold, they built enormous fires.304 Having warmed their numbed96 and freezing limbs, they pressed on to Iglau, to find it abandoned by the garrison. The Austrian general Lobkowitz had carried away every thing which could be removed, and then had reduced to ashes seventeen magazines, filled with military and commissary stores. The king was exceedingly chagrined97 by this barren conquest. He was anxious to advance in all directions, to take full possession of Moravia, before the Austrians could send re-enforcements to garrison its fortresses99; but the Saxon lords refused to march any farther in this severe winter campaign. Frederick complained to the Saxon king. His Polish majesty sent an angry order to his troops to go forward. Sullenly100 they obeyed, interposing every obstacle in their power. Some of the leaders threw up their commissions and went home. Frederick, with his impetuous Prussians and his unwilling101 Saxons, spread over Moravia, levying102 contributions and seizing the strong places.
The Saxons, much irritated, were rather more disposed to thwart103 his plans than to co-operate in them. The Austrian horsemen were vigilant104, pouncing105 upon every unprotected detachment. Frederick marched for the capture of Brünn, the strongest fortress98 in Moravia. It had a garrison of seven thousand men, under the valiant106 leader Roth. To arrest the march of Frederick, and leave him shelterless on the plains, the Austrian general laid sixteen villages in ashes. The poor peasants—men, women, and children—foodless and shelterless, were thus cast loose upon the drifted fields. Who can gauge107 such woes108?
Frederick, finding that he could not rely upon the Saxons, sent to Silesia for re-enforcements of his own troops. Brünn could not be taken without siege artillery109. He was capturing Moravia for the King of Poland. Frederick dispatched a courier to his Polish majesty at Dresden, requesting him immediately to forward the siege guns. The reply of the king, who was voluptuously110 lounging in his palaces, was, “I can not meet the expense of the carriage.” Frederick contemptuously remarked, “He has just purchased a green diamond which would have carried them thither111 and back again.” The Prussian king sent for siege artillery of his own, drew his lines close around Brünn, and urged Chevalier De Saxe, general of the Saxon horse, to co-operate with him energetically in battering112 the city into a surrender.305 The chevalier interposed one obstacle, and another, and another. At last he replied, showing his dispatches, “I have orders to retire from this business altogether, and join the French at Prague.”
Frederick declares, in his history, that never were tidings more welcome to him than these. He had embarked113 in the enterprise for the conquest of Moravia with the allies. He could not, without humiliation114, withdraw. But, now that the ally, in whose behalf he assumed to be fighting, had abandoned him, he could, without dishonor, relinquish115 the field. Leaving the Saxons to themselves, with many bitter words of reproach, he countermanded116 his order for Silesian re-enforcements, assembled his troops at Wischau, and then, by a rapid march through Olmütz, returned to his strong fortresses in the north.
The Saxons were compelled to a precipitate117 retreat. Their march was long, harassing118, and full of suffering, from the severe cold of those latitudes119, and from the assaults of the fierce Pandours, every where swarming120 around. Villages were burned, and maddened men wreaked121 direful vengeance122 on each other. Scarcely eight thousand of their number, a frostbitten, starving, emaciate123 band, reached the borders of Saxony. Curses loud and deep were heaped upon the name of Frederick. His Polish majesty, though naturally good-natured, was greatly exasperated in view of the conduct of the Prussian king in forcing the troops into the severities of such a campaign. Frederick himself was also equally indignant with Augustus for his want of co-operation. The French minister, Valori, met him on his return from these disasters. He says that his look was ferocious124 and dark; that his laugh was bitter and sardonic125; that a vein126 of suppressed rage, mockery, and contempt pervaded127 every word he uttered.
Frederick withdrew his troops into strong cantonments in the valley of the upper Elbe. This beautiful river takes its rise in romantic chasms128, among the ridges129 and spurs of the Giant Mountains, on the southeastern borders of Silesia. Here the Prussian army was distributed in small towns along a line following the windings130 of the stream, about forty miles in length. All the troops could be concentrated in forty-eight hours. The encampments faced the south, with the Elbe behind them. At some little distance north of the river, safe from surprise, the magazines were stationed. The mountains of Bohemia rose sublimely306 in the distant background. In a letter to M. Jordan, under date of Chrudim, May 5th, 1742, Frederick expresses his views of this profitless campaign in the following terms:
MAP ILLUSTRATING132 THE CAMPAIGN IN MORAVIA.
“Moravia, which is a very bad country, could not be held, owing to want of provisions. The town of Brünn could not be taken because the Saxons had no cannon133. When you wish to enter a town, you must first make a hole to get in by. Besides, the country has been reduced to such a state that the enemy can not subsist134 in it, and you will soon see him leave it. There is your little military lesson. I would not have you at a loss what to think of our operations, or what to say, should other people talk of them in your presence.”
307 Elsewhere, Frederick, speaking of these two winter campaigns, says: “Winter campaigns are bad, and should always be avoided, except in cases of necessity. The best army in the world is liable to be ruined by them. I myself have made more winter campaigns than any general of this age. But there were reasons. In 1740 there were hardly above two Austrian regiments135 in Silesia, at the death of the Emperor Charles VI. Being determined to assert my right to that duchy, I had to try it at once, in winter, and carry the war, if possible, to the banks of the Neisse. Had I waited till spring, we must have begun the war between Crossen and Glogau. What was now to be gained by one march would then have cost us three or four campaigns. A sufficient reason, this, for campaigning in winter. If I did not succeed in the winter campaigns of 1742, a campaign which I made to deliver Moravia, then overrun by Austrians, it was because the French acted like fools, and the Saxons like traitors136.”64
Frederick, establishing his head-quarters at Chrudim, did not suppose the Austrians would think of moving upon him until the middle of June. Not till then would the grass in that cold region afford forage137. But Maria Theresa was inspired by energies fully11 equal to those of her renowned assailant. Undismayed by the powerful coalition138 against her, she sent Prince Charles, her brother-in-law, early in May, at the head of an army thirty thousand strong, to advance by a secret, rapid flank march, and seize the Prussian magazines beyond the Elbe.
The ever-wakeful eye of Frederick detected the movement. His beautiful encampment at Chrudim had lasted but two days. Instantly couriers were dispatched in all directions to rendezvous69 the Prussian troops on a vast plain in the vicinity of Chrudim. But a few hours elapsed ere every available man in the Prussian ranks was on the march. This movement rendered it necessary for Prince Charles to concentrate the Austrian army also. The field upon which these hosts were gathering139 for battle was an undulating prairie, almost treeless, with here and there a few hamlets of clustered peasant cottages scattered140 around.
308
FREDERICK CONCENTRATING HIS ARMY AT CHRUDIM.
It was a serene141, cloudless May morning when Frederick rode upon a small eminence142 to view the approach of his troops, and to form them in battle array. General Stille, who was an eye-witness of the scene, describes the spectacle as one of the most beautiful and magnificent which was ever beheld143. The transparent144 atmosphere, the balmy air, transmitting with wonderful accuracy the most distant sounds, the smooth, wide-spreading prairie, the hamlets, to which distance lent enchantment145, surmounted146 by the towers or spires147 of the churches, the winding131 columns of infantry148 and cavalry149, their polished weapons flashing309 in the sunlight, the waving of silken and gilded150 banners, while bugle151 peals152 and bursts of military airs floated now faintly, and now loudly, upon the ear, the whole scene being bathed in the rays of the most brilliant of spring mornings—all together presented war in its brightest hues153, divested154 of every thing revolting.65
There were nearly thirty thousand men, infantry and cavalry, thus assembling under the banners of Frederick for battle. They were in as perfect state of drill as troops have ever attained155, and were armed with the most potent156 implements157 of war which that age could furnish. The king was visibly affected158 by the spectacle. Whether humane159 considerations touched his heart, or merely poetic160 emotion moved him, we can not tell. But he was well aware that within a few hours not merely hundreds, but thousands of those men, torn by shot and shell, would be prostrate161 in their blood upon the plain; and he could not but know that for all the carnage and the suffering, he, above all others, would be responsible at the bar of God.
“The king,” writes Stille, “though fatigued162, would not rest satisfied with reports or distant view. Personally he made the tour of the whole camp, to see that every thing was right, and posted the pickets163 himself before retiring.”
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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chagrin
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| n.懊恼；气愤；委屈 | |
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vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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extolled
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| v.赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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perfidy
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| n.背信弃义，不忠贞 | |
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pageants
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| n.盛装的游行( pageant的名词复数 )；穿古代服装的游行；再现历史场景的娱乐活动；盛会 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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diplomacy
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| n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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chaos
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dominant
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| adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因 | |
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wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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rapacity
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| n.贪婪，贪心，劫掠的欲望 | |
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slaughtered
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rumor
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affix
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| n.附件，附录 vt.附贴，盖(章)，签署 | |
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ignoble
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stratagem
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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dictate
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| v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令 | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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exhorted
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| v.劝告，劝说( exhort的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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solicited
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| v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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implored
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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besought
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| v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的过去式和过去分词 )；(beseech的过去式与过去分词) | |
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variance
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| n.矛盾，不同 | |
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37
exasperated
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| adj.恼怒的 | |
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38
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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39
wrest
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| n.扭，拧，猛夺；v.夺取，猛扭，歪曲 | |
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40
annex
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| vt.兼并，吞并；n.附属建筑物 | |
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41
commissioners
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| n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官 | |
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42
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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43
subservient
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| adj.卑屈的，阿谀的 | |
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44
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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45
annexation
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| n.吞并，合并 | |
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46
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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47
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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48
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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49
irresolute
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| adj.无决断的，优柔寡断的，踌躇不定的 | |
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50
ennui
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| n.怠倦，无聊 | |
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51
displeased
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| a.不快的 | |
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52
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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53
furtively
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| adv. 偷偷地, 暗中地 | |
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54
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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55
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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56
bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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57
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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58
defiles
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| v.玷污( defile的第三人称单数 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进 | |
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59
clogged
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| （使）阻碍( clog的过去式和过去分词 )； 淤滞 | |
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60
gales
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| 龙猫 | |
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61
retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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62
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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63
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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64
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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65
hospitably
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| 亲切地，招待周到地，善于款待地 | |
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66
bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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67
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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68
candor
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| n.坦白，率真 | |
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69
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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70
rendezvoused
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| v.约会，会合( rendezvous的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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72
intrigues
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| n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 )；神秘气氛；引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 )；激起…的好奇心 | |
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73
stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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74
disorders
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| n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调 | |
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75
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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76
pensioner
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| n.领养老金的人 | |
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77
extrication
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| n.解脱；救出，解脱 | |
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78
wan
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| (wide area network)广域网 | |
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79
splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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80
graphic
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| adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的 | |
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81
vivacious
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| adj.活泼的，快活的 | |
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82
tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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83
splendors
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| n.华丽( splendor的名词复数 )；壮丽；光辉；显赫 | |
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84
transpiring
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| （事实，秘密等）被人知道( transpire的现在分词 )； 泄露； 显露； 发生 | |
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85
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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86
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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87
larder
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| n.食物贮藏室，食品橱 | |
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88
smothering
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的现在分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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89
averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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90
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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91
remonstrated
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| v.抗议( remonstrate的过去式和过去分词 )；告诫 | |
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92
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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93
luxuriously
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| adv.奢侈地，豪华地 | |
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94
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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95
coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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96
numbed
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| v.使麻木，使麻痹( numb的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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97
chagrined
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|
| adj.懊恼的，苦恼的v.使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨( chagrin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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98
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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99
fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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100
sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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101
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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102
levying
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| 征（兵）( levy的现在分词 )； 索取； 发动（战争）； 征税 | |
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103
thwart
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| v.阻挠，妨碍，反对；adj.横(断的) | |
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104
vigilant
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| adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的 | |
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105
pouncing
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| v.突然袭击( pounce的现在分词 )；猛扑；一眼看出；抓住机会（进行抨击） | |
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106
valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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107
gauge
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| v.精确计量；估计；n.标准度量；计量器 | |
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108
woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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109
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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110
voluptuously
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| adv.风骚地，体态丰满地 | |
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111
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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112
battering
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| n.用坏，损坏v.连续猛击( batter的现在分词 ) | |
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113
embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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114
humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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115
relinquish
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| v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手 | |
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116
countermanded
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| v.取消（命令），撤回( countermand的过去分词 ) | |
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117
precipitate
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| adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物 | |
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118
harassing
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| v.侵扰，骚扰( harass的现在分词 )；不断攻击（敌人） | |
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119
latitudes
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| 纬度 | |
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120
swarming
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| 密集( swarm的现在分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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121
wreaked
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| 诉诸（武力），施行（暴力），发（脾气）( wreak的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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122
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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123
emaciate
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| v.使消瘦，使憔悴 | |
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124
ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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125
sardonic
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| adj.嘲笑的，冷笑的，讥讽的 | |
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126
vein
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| n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络 | |
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127
pervaded
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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128
chasms
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| 裂缝( chasm的名词复数 )； 裂口； 分歧； 差别 | |
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129
ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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130
windings
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| （道路、河流等）蜿蜒的，弯曲的( winding的名词复数 )； 缠绕( wind的现在分词 )； 卷绕； 转动（把手） | |
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131
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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132
illustrating
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的现在分词 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明 | |
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133
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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134
subsist
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| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
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135
regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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136
traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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137
forage
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| n.(牛马的)饲料，粮草；v.搜寻，翻寻 | |
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138
coalition
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| n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合 | |
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139
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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140
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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141
serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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142
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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143
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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144
transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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145
enchantment
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| n.迷惑，妖术，魅力 | |
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146
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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147
spires
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| n.（教堂的） 塔尖，尖顶( spire的名词复数 ) | |
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148
infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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149
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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150
gilded
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| a.镀金的，富有的 | |
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151
bugle
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| n.军号，号角，喇叭；v.吹号，吹号召集 | |
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152
peals
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| n.（声音大而持续或重复的）洪亮的响声( peal的名词复数 )；隆隆声；洪亮的钟声；钟乐v.（使）（钟等）鸣响，（雷等）发出隆隆声( peal的第三人称单数 ) | |
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153
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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154
divested
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| v.剥夺( divest的过去式和过去分词 )；脱去（衣服）；2。从…取去…；1。（给某人）脱衣服 | |
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155
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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156
potent
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| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
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157
implements
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| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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158
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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159
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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160
poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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161
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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162
fatigued
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| adj. 疲乏的 | |
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163
pickets
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| 罢工纠察员( picket的名词复数 ) | |
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