All along the narrow streets, paved with broad flagstones up and down in low irregular steps, stand the five hundred temples of Benares, and between them houses with carved stone porticoes10. The ochre-coloured stone, of which they all are built, is toned in places by a coating of reddish purple, faded by the rain and sun to pale flesh-colour, with an undertone of the yellow wall; and this takes on a glow as of ruby12 and sunset fires in the watery13 ripple14 reflected from the river—a mingling15 of every hue16 of intense sunshine, filtering through the awnings17 spread over the balconies—a glory of repose19, tender and clear, which seems to emanate20 from the objects themselves, and to envelop21 them in a fine powder of light.
Squeezed in and crushed between houses that tower above it, rises the pointed22 dome23 of Biseshwar Matti, covered with leaves of chased gold; smaller cones24 surround the principal dome, bristling25 with tiny pyramids of gold, carved into flowers round statues of Kali with her eight arms, of Ganesa, and of peacocks with spread tails. Under this splendid cupola, dazzlingly bright against the sky,[Pg 156] the temple itself is quite small, and strictly26 closed against the unbeliever. Some pious27 hands had hung chains of jasmine and roses above the entrance, and they gave a touch of beauty to the stonework, very old, and soiled with large stains of oil. A sense of intense piety28 hangs about this sanctuary29, subdues30 every voice, and bends the head of every passer-by in reverence31 of the mystery, and they all bring flowers.
Under an arcade32, lightly tinted33 with faded colours, and supporting a heavy stone roof elaborately carved, a marble bull stands facing the well which Vishnu touched when he came down from heaven. This is the Court or Well of Wisdom.
Two fakirs, squatting34 in a corner, gazed at the sacred stone, their bodies rigidly35 motionless; they did not seem to be of this world, rather to be statues of gods themselves; their eyes alone were alive—burning.
Further on, in the temple stables, open to the sky and surrounded by a colonnade36 of carved and painted pillars, some women, in silken sarees of dark hues37, were waiting on the bulls and the tiny zebu cows, feeding them with the flower offerings strewn on the mosaic38 pavement of the courtyard.
[Pg 157]
From the top of the observatory39, where instruments, all out of order, are to be seen on the deserted40 terraces, a staircase in a half-circle of stonework leads straight up to the open sky, and there the eye is dazzled by the view of Benares, all spread out below: the vast city of yellow stone, the cupolas of its temples, and its palaces stretching far along the Ganges, which slowly rolls its milky41 green waters under a sky of almost pearly whiteness; and in the distance the grassy42 plain of bright emerald green, lost on the horizon that throbs43 with the heat. Everything was wrapped in a halo rather than a haze44, faintly blue with the smoke that went up from the funeral piles of the Hindoo dead.
One of the servants of the place, sitting in the shade of the arcade, was painting, after a strange method. He sprinkled powdered colour on the surface of some water in a tub, outlining the colour with black; then, with a feather, he massed and arranged the colours, taking some off and replacing it in infinitesimal quantities. Finally the result was a representation of Siva and Ourasi, robed in blue and violet, against a background of crude red. When they were quite finished he jerked the bowl, giving the figures a curtseying motion, and stood a little way off to contemplate45 the general effect;[Pg 158] and then, quite satisfied, stirred the whole thing up and began again, the same picture, with the same precise care.
We sailed past the holy city in a heavy, massive junk, the prow46 formed of a snake with its head erect47 and jaws48 yawning, down the Ganges, all rippled49 with rose and blue. Palaces, and more palaces, with thick walls and towers, that look like bastions, stand in perspective as far as the eye can see. Windows and balconies are cut in the ponderous50 masonry51 at the level of the third floor, and high above these rajahs' dwellings52 rise the domes53 of the temples, pointing skywards among tall trees that spread their shade on the russet stonework. At the foot of the palaces, steps lead down to the river, divided by little stages covered with wicker umbrellas that shine in the sun like discs of gold; under these, Brahmins, after bathing, were telling their beads54. Now and again they dipped their fingers in the sacred waters and moistened their eyes, forehead, and lips.
One of the largest buildings once slid into the river during an earthquake, and stands there complete and unbroken, its magnificence surviving under water. Some minarets55 only rise above the surface like kiosks, and form a landing-stage, invaded by[Pg 159] the bathers, who wash themselves with much gesticulation, flourishing their long sarongs and white loin-cloths, which they spread out to dry on the steps.
Between the large parasols are thousands of little pagodas56, formed of four columns and a roof, and sheltering idols57 wreathed with flowers, to whom the faithful pray and bring offerings. Garlands are for ever floating down-stream, jasmine and Indian pinks, and patches of scattered59 rose petals60; and on the banks of the river, where the sand forms little bays, flowers lie in a hem9 of delicate colours.
Down the middle of the Ganges a white bundle is being borne, and on it a crow pecking the body of a child wrapped in its winding-sheet.
From the broad steps on the shore other narrower flights lead to archways and porticoes, or zigzag61 up to the lanes that make a gap of distant blackness in the light-hued mass of palaces and embankments.
Then from afar came the sound of tom-toms and bagpipes62, nearer and nearer, and the musicians became visible at the top of one of the stair-like alleys63. First came the men, then the women. One of these, robed in pale green with a violet and silver saree, carried a child in her arms wrapped in a red dress embroidered64 with gold. He was this day six[Pg 160] months old; he had eaten rice, and was brought to see the sacred Ganges for the first time. The family, friends, and neighbours had assembled in honour of the great ceremony, which consisted in holding the infant face downwards65 over the water, which he scarcely saw with half-shut eyes; and then the procession went back again to the sound of the music, and was gone.
Close to a temple, of which the cornice is decorated with female figures holding musical instruments, on a sort of terrace a party of youths were making a distracting din3 with brass66 instruments, acutely shrill67, and, of course, tom-toms. Two very small temples covered with brass that shines like gold stand in the bazaar to mark the beginning and end of the coppersmiths' quarter, where every stall rings with the tinkle69 of the little hammers tapping the metal that is beaten into trays and pots and a thousand vessels70 for the worship of the gods and for domestic purposes. Workmen aged71 four, the great-grand-sons of the master-smith, were already trying their 'prentice hand, chiselling72 the hard metal with a free touch, and ornamenting73 cups and bowls of traditional shape. And this is the only part of the calm and lazy city, living on its temples and its sacred river,[Pg 161] where the visitor feels himself a "tourist." Here the shops for the special craft of Benares are furnished with the unwonted luxury of chairs, and some display of signs and wares74 is made. Further on is a large open place full of piles of flowers, garlands of jasmine and marigold, and heaps of rose petals to be strewn on the water.
Next came a whole row of very small shops, where there was an endless variety of trifles for sale, toys made of wood painted red and green; and finally, on the ground floor of houses ornamented75 with carvings76 and slender colonnades77, in a cool and shady and silent street, were the sellers of silk and cloth.
Past the buildings, and palaces with gardens enclosed behind pierced stonework, and then across fresh green fields full of flowers, under the shade of banyans and palm trees, we reached the temple of the monkeys. This temple, dedicated78 to the fierce and bloodthirsty goddess Durga, is painted all over of a vivid red colour, blazing in the sunshine with intolerable brightness. Inside the sanctuary a black image of the goddess may be seen, mounted on her lion, and flowers are arranged about her in radiating lines mingled79 with gold thread, and producing very much the effect of a theatrical80 sun. In the [Pg 162]forecourt, on the carvings and the roof of the temple monkeys swarm81, rushing after each other, fighting for the grains of maize82 that are thrown to them, and tormenting83 the wretched mangy dogs that seek refuge in the temple precincts, where they, too, are kept alive by the faithful.
A poor sick ape, beaten by all the others, sat crying with hunger at the top of a parapet. I called her for a long time, showing her some maize on a tray. At last she made up her mind to come down. With the utmost caution she reached me, and then, after two or three feints, she struck the platter with her closed fist, sending all the grain flying. Utterly84 scared, she fled, followed to her perch85 by a whole party of miscreants86 roused by the gong-like blow on the tray. Others stole into the temple to snatch the flowers while the attendant priest had his back turned; and when I left they were all busily engaged in rolling an earthenware87 bowl about, ending its career in a smash. In front of the temple the crimson88 dust round a stake shows the spot where every day the blood is shed of a goat sacrificed to the Divinity.
A garden of roses and lilies was the dwelling-place of a very ancient fakir, who had taken a vow[Pg 163] to live naked, and only put on a loin-cloth when ladies were expected. He was venerated89 by all, yes, even by Abibulla, who knelt before him, touched the holy man's feet and then his own forehead. The old fellow was surrounded by pilgrims wearing wreaths of flowers round their neck; he came to meet me, took me by the hand, and led me under the shade of a kiosk, where he showed me a large book he had written, containing an account of the joys and ecstasies90 of his life of asceticism91 and prayer. This old man had a magnificent brow, and the deep gaze of his kind, smiling eyes was fine in a face puckered92 with a thousand wrinkles. Infinite calm and peace characterized this happy soul—a naked man in the midst of flowers.
At the end of the garden, in a little temple, is a statue of the holy man of the size of life, in his favourite attitude, sitting on his crossed legs. Round the image were the most absurd toys—and a photograph of the German Emperor! As I was leaving, the fakir called me back, asked me to think of him sometimes, and gave me one of the splendid yellow roses that hung about him like a glory.
Very early in the morning, on emerging from[Pg 164] the gloom of the narrow streets, there is a sudden blaze of glory, the rising sun, purple and gold, reflected in the Ganges, the waters throbbing93 like fiery94 opal. The people hurry to the shore carrying trays piled high with flowers and offerings. The women carry little jars in their hands looking like burnished95 gold, and containing a few drops of scented96 oil to anoint themselves withal after bathing. These jars are covered with roses and jasmine blossoms, to be sent floating down the sacred stream as an offering to the gods. The steps are crowded already with the faithful, who have waited till Surya the day-star should rise, before going through their devotional ablutions. With a great hubbub97 of shouts and cries, and laughter and squabbling, this throng98 pushes and hustles99, while those unimaginable priests sit stolidly100 under their wicker sunshades, mumbling101 their prayers, and accepting alms and gifts. All along the river there are people bathing on the steps which go down under the water, the men naked all but a loin-cloth, the women wearing long veils which they change very cleverly for dry ones after their bath, and then wait in the sun till their garments are dry enough to carry away.
In the sacred tank, where Vishnu bathes when[Pg 165] he comes on earth, an old woman was standing102 pouring the stagnant103 green water over her body, while others of the faithful, seated on the steps, were piously104 drinking the stuff from a coco-nut that they handed round. In one corner of this pool was an exquisite105 bower106 of floating wreaths—yellow, white, and violet—a splash of bright colour on the squalid water.
Below one of the palaces is a huge statue of Vishnu Bhin in a reclining attitude, daubed with ochre, the face flesh-colour and white; a statue which is carried away every year by the floods and restored every year in its pristine107 grossness.
The palace of the Rajah of Nagpoor, with its two towers, overlooks the river from above a broad stairway. A balcony quite at the top is supported on a massive cornice lightly carved into acanthus leaves. The damp has subdued108 the red colour of the building, fading it especially at the base, and from a distance it might be fancied that a veil of thin gauze had been hung over the palace, and fastened beneath the carved parapet.
On the bank of the river, where there are no more steps, only beaten earth, in a little raised pit a pile of wood was slowly dying out. A man with[Pg 166] a cane109 raked back the sticks as they fell and rolled away. A squatting crowd were waiting till their relation was altogether consumed to cast his ashes on the sacred waters.
Then a girl's body was brought out, wrapped in white muslin; the bier, made of bamboo, was wreathed with marigolds, and on the light shroud110 there were patches of crimson powder, almost violet. The bearers, on reaching the river, placed the body in the water, leaving it there for a time.
A little way off an old man was wrapping the naked body of a poor woman in a white cloth; then he fastened it to two poles to dip it in the river; finally, with the help of another Sudra, he laid the corpse111 on a meagre funeral pile, and went off to fetch some live charcoal112 from the sacred fire which the Brahmins perpetually keep alive on a stone terrace overlooking the Ganges. He carried the scrap113 of burning wood at the end of a bunch of reeds, and, praying aloud, walked five times round the pyre, which completely concealed114 the body. Then he gently waved the bunch of reeds, making them blaze up, and placed them beneath the wood, which slowly caught fire, sending up dense115 curling clouds of white vapour and slender tongues of flame, creeping along the damp logs that[Pg 167] seemed to go out again immediately. But suddenly the fire flared116 up to the top of the pile; the flesh hissed117 in the flame, and filled the air with a sickening smell.
The maiden118 was placed on a very high pile of saplings and dry crackling boughs119. Her father fetched the sacred fire, and then, with the same ceremonials and prayers, set light to the wood, which flashed up in a golden glow with a sweet odour. The flame rose clear against the sky for a long time before the smell of her burnt flesh mingled with that of the poor woman, whose limbs, under the action of the heat, seemed to stretch to an inordinate120 length. One arm, sticking out from the fire, seemed to clench121 its fist, which was bright yellow, as if it would clutch at something; and then all was consumed—the wood pile fell in, the skull122 cracking with a dull snap, and nothing was left but a heap of embers, into which the attendants raked the cinders123 that rolled down the sloping bank.
The old woman's bones and ashes were cast into the Ganges, her husband still vacantly looking on, as all that was left of his life's companion floated for a few moments, and then was swallowed up in an eddy125.
[Pg 168]
On the remains126 of the pyre was placed a corpse of spectral127 emaciation128, which had been lying at the top of the bank since the day before for its turn, as a pauper129, to be cremated130 at the cost of the municipality. The head alone was wrapped in a wretched rag, and creeping flies formed a cuirass on the dark skin, already torn in places by the kites. Petroleum131 was poured over the hapless body, and it flared up with the wood in a livid pink and green blaze, sending up a cloud of acrid132 red smoke.
And so on, in an endless file, come the bodies of the faithful dead, some from long distances, so that their souls may rise at once to paradise from their ashes burnt on the Manumenka.
A dome of smoke hangs like a vault133 over the fires, motionless, veiling the sun. The relations of the dead, sitting on their heels, gaze at the flames with an expression almost of indifference134; no one weeps, and they converse135 calmly in no subdued tones.
The pile of the girl with marigold wreaths and the shroud stained crimson and purple flung her ashes to the winds, reduced to mere136 atoms of bone and light cinder124, and the servants of the place drowned a few still glowing sticks in the river;[Pg 169] the family and friends slowly went up the yellow stone steps and disappeared through a gateway137 leading into the town.
The attendants threw water on the pauper's pyre, and then with their long bamboos pushed the mass of burnt wood and flesh into the Ganges, where it looked like some enormous black frog with a white patch for the head.
They shoved it under water, but it presently rose to the surface and floated down the stream, followed by a flock of hawks138 that snatched at the burnt remains and fought over them in the air, while crocodiles below swam up and snapped at them, dragging them down in their enormous jaws, which appeared for a moment above the water.
By the side of the Manumenka stand two stel?, on which two carved figures, represented as surrounded by flames, preserve the memory of the time when the funeral pyre consumed the living wife with the dead husband.
In the town, at a spot where several alleys meet, stood a mob of people holding out the ends of their sarees or dhotis to catch handfuls of grain which a kshatriya was throwing to them from a[Pg 170] window, though he looked almost as ragged139 as the beggars collected in front of the house.
Close to a shop where I was bargaining for some old bronzes, in an open booth, and quite alone among the metal jars and trays, sat a boy of four, his only garment a green silk jacket bordered with blue velvet140, stitched with silver thread; there was nothing between the little vest and his bright bronze skin. He had a blue cap embroidered with gold, and his eyes were darkened with khol. He was drawing lines very neatly141 on a slate142, and then wrote beneath them the pretty Hindoo letters that look like cabalistic signs, saying them as he went on, pa, pa, pa, pi, pi, pi, pa?, pa?, pa?, pom, pom, pom, till at last, seeing that I was looking at him and smiling, quite fascinated by his pretty ways, he burst out laughing, a hearty143, happy, baby laugh, and then gravely went on with his business again.
Then, under a portico11 in front of us, a man began to undress. He threw off his dhoti and his sarong, keeping on his loin-cloth only. With outstretched arms he placed a heavy copper68 pot full of water on the ground, took it up between[Pg 171] his teeth, and without using his hands tilted144 his head back till the water poured all over him in a shower, which splashed up from the pavement, sprinkling the spectators in the front row. Next he tied his dhoti round the jar, which he refilled, and fastened the end to his long hair. Then, simply by turning his head, he spun145 the heavy pot round him. It looked as if it must pull his head off, but he flung it faster and faster till he presently stopped.
There were people performing their devotional ablutions below stream from the place of burning, and one old man took a few drops of water in the hollow of his hand and drank it, quite close to a shapeless black mass at which a kite was pecking as it floated by.
At sunset, when the glow fired the stones to a semblance146 of transparent147, burning light, at the top of one of the flights of steps rising from the river to the town, and in front of a gate with large brass nails, glittering like sparks, the figure appeared of a holy beggar in yellow rags, with a copper jar blazing with reflected light; he was set in a halo of gold, and looked like the vision of some pagan god. He stood motionless for a[Pg 172] long time, and then, as the last sunbeam went out, he vanished beyond the fire-studded gate, while all the scene faded into rosy148 lilac, rapidly dying into blue night.
A distant noise of tom-toms—big drums thumping149 out minims in the bass150, small ones rattling151 out semiquavers in very short, sharp notes; and to this accompaniment came the sharp trill of a metal flute152. The music came nearer at a brisk pace, heralded153 by two tall baggage camels, a rare sight in Benares, where the streets are so narrow and straight, and only foot passengers are to be seen. Then followed saddle-horses, led by hand, and a large number of men on foot, and after an interval154 there appeared a band, atrociously out of tune155, immediately in front of a palankin hung with a shawl embroidered all over in palms of different shades of gold and beads. In this sat a little bridegroom of eight, dressed in pale yellow satin, a wreath of marigolds round his neck, and above his turban a cap made of jasmine, the ends hanging all round his head—a little bridegroom, eight years old, very solemn, sitting cross-legged with a huge bouquet156 in his hand, and facing him his two little brothers in white silk and necklaces of jasmine.
[Pg 173]
In the evening the priest would say prayers over the couple—the bride being probably about five—and the bridegroom would stay with the little bride's parents. Next day she would spend with the boy's parents, and after that they would both go back to their lessons and probably never meet again, unless they were very near neighbours, till he, having attained157 the age of fifteen, they would be really married.
The Maharajah of Benares sent his carriage this morning to take me to him. We went to the Ganges, where a palankin was in waiting to carry me across the narrow strip of sand between the road and the boat, escorted by a worthy158 who held a tall red umbrella, fringed with gold, over my head.
The barge159 was screened by a crimson awning18 and rowed by four men in red. The water, a broad sheet of silky sheen, seemed motionless, and in the distance, under a soft, powdery haze, Benares showed like a mass of dim gold, the two slender minarets of Aurungzeeb's mosque160 towering above the town.
We landed at Ramnagar, a marble palace looking like a fortified161 town, its massive walls rising[Pg 174] from the river and crowned by balconies and fairy kiosks—a lacework of stone against the brilliant sky.
A crowd of servants in red came down the flight of steps to the landing-place, and stood on each side, while at the top the Maharajah stood to receive me, in a tunic162 of yellow brocaded with silver, and silk trousers of various shades of violet and gold tissue; his turban was quite small, with an aigrette and a spray of diamonds.
From the open loggia at the end of the vast reception-room, lined with white marble and hung with thick carpets, there was an extensive view over the green plain inundated163 with water and sunshine to the holy city of dazzling domes that looked as if they had just risen from the Ganges. The air was full of heady fragrance164; the Rajah described the springtide festivals, barges165 carrying troupes166 of dancing bayadères on the Ganges sparkling with a myriad167 lights.
Instead of the usual wreath of flowers for my neck the Rajah gave me a necklace of silver threads, to which hung a little bag of purple and green silk, closely embroidered, and looking like a scent-sachet, or a bag to hold some precious amulet168.
We drove across a succession of parks to visit[Pg 175] Sumer Mundir, a too elaborately carved temple, the panels representing scenes from the Ramayana set in ornamental169 borders. On the roof, which bristled170 with sculptured stone, thousands of blue pigeons were perched asleep, their iridescent171 plumage scarcely stirring in the sunshine. Beyond a tank at the end of the park was a palace in the Arab style with incredibly delicate ornaments172 of wrought173 marble, open halls painted in subdued colouring, and lighted by the golden reflections from the water. The pool had steps all round it, in which crowds seat themselves on the occasions of pilgrimage, and far away the enchanting174 vision of Benares, the holy city, in every shade of amber175 and honey.
Then into a garden with a number of quite narrow, straight paths bordered with nasturtiums, tall daisies, and geraniums, while a tangle176 of jasmine, china roses, bougainvillea, and poinsettia flourished freely under the shade of tamarind and palm trees. Over a clump177 of orange trees in blossom a cloud of butterflies was flitting, white patterned with black above, and cloisonnés beneath in red and yellow with fine black outlines.
As we returned past a village—a hamlet of houses gathering178 round a well surmounted179 by a kiosk shading a gaudy180 idol58 crowned with red[Pg 176] pinks—a perfectly181 naked fakir, his straight black hair bound twice round his head like a turban, stood basking182 in the sun, leaning against a wall, and chanting in a rapid monotone, while two babies, under the shade of a fan-palm leaf, stared up at him and sucked their thumbs.
Then the sunset, in the furnace of heavy purple and red, reflected in the water in fiery copper-colour streaked183 with violet, till soon it all faded together, to gold, to lemon-colour; the mist rising from the river spread over all the country, and everything looked the same in the cloudless gloom. One quarter of the sky glowed faintly, through the haze a crimson globe rose into view, the moon appeared, and soon lighted up all the sky with a soft greenish glow, pallid184 but deep, lying on the tranquil185 Ganges in broad rippling186 sheets of gold and green, spangled with light where a fish leaped, or a white bird dipped its wing as it skimmed swiftly across without a sound. The gold grew cold and dead, the moon turned to steel against the intensely blue sky, to cold blue steel on the lustrous187 face of the waters.
We went into the observatory, where the servants were sleeping in the open air on camp beds, lying across each other and blocking the entrance.[Pg 177] I went to gaze at the north star, looking very small, a tiny spangle of blue in the blue velvet sky, visible at the top of a crazy flight of steps that goes up to nowhere in the air from the topmost terrace.
Down in the streets the houses looked ghostly blue in the moonlight, the cross roads, lighted with the warmer glow of a few lamps in red paper shades, alternating with the black darkness, in which it was just possible to discern cows and goats lying on the ground.
Near a temple some bells and tom-toms animated188 the silence with their clang and clatter189. Worshippers stole in noiselessly, barefoot on the stones, and entered the sanctuary, within which tapers190 were burning.
Further away, in another quite small temple, a young Brahmin robed in white, and very handsome, was reading the Ramayana to two women; the three quite filled the little building. The entrance was screened by a curtain composed of jasmine flowers threaded on fine string, and behind this veil of flowers the three figures looked like the creatures of a legend. Outside the sanctuary, seated on the steps and flagstones and obstructing191 the street, were a score or so of women redolent of lemon and[Pg 178] sandal-wood, and listening to the scripture192 distinctly chanted out by the young priest.
In the street were bayadères, and women at every window, the pretty faces brightly illuminated193, the plainer in a skilfully194 subdued light. The sound of tom-toms and pipes could be heard, and the guttural, quavering song of a dancing beauty performing for some amateur; quite young boys were wandering about the street, almost children, all in white. Where the roads met, a mosque was illuminated in honour of this month of Ramadan, and the believers were trooping out in a crowd.
A woman on the river-bank was flinging into the water, with devout195 unction, scraps196 of paper on which the name of Rama was written, rolled up in a paste made of flour. Not far from her another woman was praying; she stopped to wash her copper cooking-pots, then prayed again; gave her baby a bath, and then, squatting on the lowest step, prayed once more, and for a long time, after which she picked up her pots and her little one and went her way.
On the shore, on the steps in front of the temples and round the holy images, in short, everywhere on this day, red powder was sprinkled to inaugurate[Pg 179] the month just beginning; a beggar, to secure the favour of the gods, had smeared197 his head and hands with it.
And once more in a barge on the Ganges. The atmosphere seemed faintly iridescent, like mother-of-pearl, the silence serenely198 lulled199 by the distant sound of a flute. The palaces and temples, reflected in the still water, looked in the distance like forts crowned with turrets200 of gold, and their little windows like loopholes. The broad stairs of the quays201, where the priests' umbrellas glitter, assumed a spacious202, unfamiliar203 dignity, the red colour shading paler towards the bottom, where it was washed off by the lapping Ganges, looking as though a fairy hanging of gauze were spread under the wavelets in honour of the Apsaras and the divinities of the river.
A kshatriya, a very old man, had seen me yesterday returning from Ramnagar with my necklet of silver threads. Convinced by this that I must be "a Europe Rajah," he tormented204 me to grant him a title. He wanted to be Raj Bahadur; this was the height of his ambition. After following me about the bazaar all the morning, he sat for a long time in my room. So, to get rid of him, seeing[Pg 180] that he persisted in hoping that I should call him Raj Bahadur, I did so; this, however, did not satisfy him: I must write it down on paper. At last I consented. Quite delighted now, he went off to shout the words to his friends, who had been waiting for him in the garden, and then, very solemn, and conscious of his new dignity, he disappeared down the road.
At the station pilgrims again, bewildered, shouting, rushing about in search of their lost luggage. One group presently emerged from the crowd, led by a man bareheaded, who rang a big bell with great gesticulations, his arms in the air, and the whole party marched off towards the temples in silent and orderly procession.
Then, from a bridge across the Ganges, for a moment we had a last glimpse of the sacred city—the gold-coloured umbrellas, the throng of bathers on the steps to the river—and then Abibulla gravely remarked, "If only India had three cities like Benares it would be impossible ever to leave it."
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luminous
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| adj.发光的，发亮的；光明的；明白易懂的；有启发的 | |
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lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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din
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| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
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Buddhists
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| n.佛教徒( Buddhist的名词复数 ) | |
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medley
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| n.混合 | |
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hustling
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| 催促（hustle的现在分词形式） | |
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bustling
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| adj.喧闹的 | |
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bazaar
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| n.集市，商店集中区 | |
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hem
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| n.贴边，镶边；vt.缝贴边；(in)包围，限制 | |
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porticoes
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| n.柱廊，（有圆柱的）门廊( portico的名词复数 ) | |
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portico
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| n.柱廊，门廊 | |
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12
ruby
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| n.红宝石，红宝石色 | |
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13
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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14
ripple
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| n.涟波，涟漪，波纹，粗钢梳；vt.使...起涟漪，使起波纹； vi.呈波浪状，起伏前进 | |
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15
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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16
hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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17
awnings
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| 篷帐布 | |
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18
awning
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| n.遮阳篷；雨篷 | |
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19
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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20
emanate
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| v.发自，来自，出自 | |
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21
envelop
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| vt.包，封，遮盖；包围 | |
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22
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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23
dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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24
cones
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| n.（人眼）圆锥细胞；圆锥体( cone的名词复数 )；球果；圆锥形东西；（盛冰淇淋的）锥形蛋卷筒 | |
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25
bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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26
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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27
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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28
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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29
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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30
subdues
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| 征服( subdue的第三人称单数 )； 克制； 制服 | |
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31
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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32
arcade
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| n.拱廊；(一侧或两侧有商店的)通道 | |
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33
tinted
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| adj. 带色彩的 动词tint的过去式和过去分词 | |
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34
squatting
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的现在分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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35
rigidly
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| adv.刻板地，僵化地 | |
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36
colonnade
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| n.柱廊 | |
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37
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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38
mosaic
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| n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的 | |
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39
observatory
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| n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台 | |
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40
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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41
milky
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| adj.牛奶的，多奶的；乳白色的 | |
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42
grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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43
throbs
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| 体内的跳动( throb的名词复数 ) | |
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44
haze
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| n.霾，烟雾；懵懂，迷糊；vi.(over)变模糊 | |
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45
contemplate
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| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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46
prow
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| n.(飞机)机头，船头 | |
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47
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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48
jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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49
rippled
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| 使泛起涟漪（ripple的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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50
ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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51
masonry
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| n.砖土建筑；砖石 | |
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52
dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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53
domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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54
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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55
minarets
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| n.（清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的）光塔( minaret的名词复数 ) | |
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56
pagodas
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| 塔，宝塔( pagoda的名词复数 ) | |
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57
idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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58
idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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59
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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60
petals
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| n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 ) | |
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61
zigzag
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| n.曲折，之字形；adj.曲折的，锯齿形的；adv.曲折地，成锯齿形地；vt.使曲折；vi.曲折前行 | |
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62
bagpipes
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| n.风笛；风笛( bagpipe的名词复数 ) | |
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63
alleys
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| 胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径 | |
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64
embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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65
downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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66
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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67
shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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68
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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69
tinkle
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| vi.叮当作响；n.叮当声 | |
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70
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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71
aged
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|
| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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72
chiselling
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| n.錾v.凿，雕，镌( chisel的现在分词 ) | |
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73
ornamenting
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| v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的现在分词 ) | |
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74
wares
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| n. 货物, 商品 | |
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75
ornamented
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|
| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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76
carvings
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| n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 )；雕刻术；雕刻品；雕刻物 | |
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77
colonnades
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| n.石柱廊( colonnade的名词复数 ) | |
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78
dedicated
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|
| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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79
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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80
theatrical
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|
| adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的 | |
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81
swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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82
maize
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| n.玉米 | |
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83
tormenting
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| 使痛苦的，使苦恼的 | |
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84
utterly
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|
| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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85
perch
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| n.栖木，高位，杆；v.栖息，就位，位于 | |
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86
miscreants
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| n.恶棍，歹徒( miscreant的名词复数 ) | |
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87
earthenware
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| n.土器，陶器 | |
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88
crimson
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|
| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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89
venerated
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| 敬重（某人或某事物），崇敬( venerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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90
ecstasies
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| 狂喜( ecstasy的名词复数 )； 出神； 入迷； 迷幻药 | |
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91
asceticism
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| n.禁欲主义 | |
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92
puckered
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| v.（使某物）起褶子或皱纹( pucker的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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93
throbbing
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| a. 跳动的,悸动的 | |
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94
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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95
burnished
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|
| adj.抛光的，光亮的v.擦亮（金属等），磨光( burnish的过去式和过去分词 )；被擦亮，磨光 | |
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96
scented
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|
| adj.有香味的；洒香水的；有气味的v.嗅到(scent的过去分词) | |
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97
hubbub
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| n.嘈杂；骚乱 | |
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98
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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99
hustles
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| 忙碌，奔忙( hustle的名词复数 ) | |
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100
stolidly
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| adv.迟钝地，神经麻木地 | |
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101
mumbling
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| 含糊地说某事，叽咕，咕哝( mumble的现在分词 ) | |
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102
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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103
stagnant
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| adj.不流动的，停滞的，不景气的 | |
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104
piously
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| adv.虔诚地 | |
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105
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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106
bower
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| n.凉亭，树荫下凉快之处；闺房；v.荫蔽 | |
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107
pristine
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| adj.原来的，古时的，原始的，纯净的，无垢的 | |
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108
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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109
cane
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| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
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110
shroud
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| n.裹尸布，寿衣；罩，幕；vt.覆盖，隐藏 | |
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111
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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112
charcoal
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| n.炭，木炭，生物炭 | |
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113
scrap
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| n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废 | |
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114
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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115
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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116
Flared
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| adj. 端部张开的, 爆发的, 加宽的, 漏斗式的 动词flare的过去式和过去分词 | |
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117
hissed
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| 发嘶嘶声( hiss的过去式和过去分词 )； 发嘘声表示反对 | |
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118
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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119
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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120
inordinate
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| adj.无节制的；过度的 | |
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121
clench
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| vt.捏紧（拳头等），咬紧（牙齿等），紧紧握住 | |
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122
skull
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| n.头骨；颅骨 | |
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123
cinders
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| n.煤渣( cinder的名词复数 )；炭渣；煤渣路；煤渣跑道 | |
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124
cinder
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| n.余烬，矿渣 | |
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125
eddy
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| n.漩涡，涡流 | |
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126
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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127
spectral
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| adj.幽灵的，鬼魂的 | |
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128
emaciation
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| n.消瘦，憔悴，衰弱 | |
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129
pauper
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| n.贫民，被救济者，穷人 | |
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130
cremated
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| v.火葬，火化（尸体）( cremate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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131
petroleum
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| n.原油，石油 | |
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132
acrid
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|
| adj.辛辣的，尖刻的，刻薄的 | |
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133
vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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134
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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135
converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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136
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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137
gateway
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| n.大门口，出入口，途径，方法 | |
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138
hawks
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| 鹰( hawk的名词复数 )； 鹰派人物，主战派人物 | |
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139
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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140
velvet
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| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
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141
neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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142
slate
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| n.板岩，石板，石片，石板色，候选人名单；adj.暗蓝灰色的，含板岩的；vt.用石板覆盖，痛打，提名，预订 | |
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143
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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144
tilted
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| v. 倾斜的 | |
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145
spun
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| v.纺，杜撰，急转身 | |
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146
semblance
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| n.外貌，外表 | |
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147
transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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148
rosy
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| adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的 | |
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149
thumping
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| adj.重大的，巨大的；重击的；尺码大的；极好的adv.极端地；非常地v.重击(thump的现在分词)；狠打；怦怦地跳；全力支持 | |
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150
bass
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| n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴 | |
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151
rattling
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| adj. 格格作响的, 活泼的, 很好的 adv. 极其, 很, 非常 动词rattle的现在分词 | |
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152
flute
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| n.长笛；v.吹笛 | |
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153
heralded
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| v.预示( herald的过去式和过去分词 )；宣布（好或重要） | |
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154
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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155
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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156
bouquet
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| n.花束，酒香 | |
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157
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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158
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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159
barge
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| n.平底载货船，驳船 | |
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160
mosque
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| n.清真寺 | |
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161
fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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162
tunic
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| n.束腰外衣 | |
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163
inundated
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| v.淹没( inundate的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多事物）使难以应付 | |
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164
fragrance
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| n.芬芳，香味，香气 | |
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165
barges
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| 驳船( barge的名词复数 ) | |
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166
troupes
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| n. （演出的）一团, 一班 vi. 巡回演出 | |
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167
myriad
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| adj.无数的；n.无数，极大数量 | |
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168
amulet
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| n.护身符 | |
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169
ornamental
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| adj.装饰的；作装饰用的；n.装饰品；观赏植物 | |
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170
bristled
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| adj. 直立的，多刺毛的 动词bristle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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171
iridescent
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| adj.彩虹色的，闪色的 | |
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172
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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173
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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174
enchanting
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| a.讨人喜欢的 | |
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175
amber
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| n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的 | |
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176
tangle
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| n.纠缠；缠结；混乱；v.(使)缠绕；变乱 | |
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177
clump
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| n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走 | |
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178
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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179
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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180
gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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181
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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182
basking
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| v.晒太阳，取暖( bask的现在分词 )；对…感到乐趣；因他人的功绩而出名；仰仗…的余泽 | |
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183
streaked
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| adj.有条斑纹的，不安的v.快速移动( streak的过去式和过去分词 )；使布满条纹 | |
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184
pallid
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| adj.苍白的，呆板的 | |
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185
tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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186
rippling
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| 起涟漪的，潺潺流水般声音的 | |
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187
lustrous
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| adj.有光泽的；光辉的 | |
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188
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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189
clatter
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| v./n.(使)发出连续而清脆的撞击声 | |
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190
tapers
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| （长形物体的）逐渐变窄( taper的名词复数 )； 微弱的光； 极细的蜡烛 | |
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191
obstructing
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| 阻塞( obstruct的现在分词 )； 堵塞； 阻碍； 阻止 | |
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192
scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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193
illuminated
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| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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194
skilfully
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| adv. (美skillfully)熟练地 | |
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195
devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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196
scraps
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| 油渣 | |
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197
smeared
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| 弄脏； 玷污； 涂抹； 擦上 | |
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198
serenely
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| adv.安详地，宁静地，平静地 | |
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199
lulled
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| vt.使镇静，使安静（lull的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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200
turrets
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| （六角）转台( turret的名词复数 )； （战舰和坦克等上的）转动炮塔； （摄影机等上的）镜头转台； （旧时攻城用的）塔车 | |
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201
quays
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| 码头( quay的名词复数 ) | |
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202
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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203
unfamiliar
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| adj.陌生的，不熟悉的 | |
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204
tormented
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| 饱受折磨的 | |
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