From an artistic19 point of view these Saxons are decidedly an unlovely race. There is a want of flowing lines and curves and a superfluity of angles about them, most distressing20 to a sensitive eye. The{32} women may usually be described as having rather good hair, indifferent complexions21, narrow shoulders, flat busts22, and gigantic feet. Their features, of a sadly unfinished wooden appearance, irresistibly23 reminded me of the figures of Noah and his family out of a sixpenny Noah’s ark. There is something Noah’s-ark-like, too, about their attire24, which, running entirely25 in hard straight lines, with nothing graceful26 or flowing about them, no doubt helped to produce this Scriptural impression. The Saxon peasant is stiff without dignity, just as he is honest without being frank. Were the whole world peopled by this race alone, our dictionaries might have been lightened of a good many unnecessary words, such as elegance27, grace, fascination28, etc.
Of course, now and then one comes across an exception to this general rule and finds a pretty girl, like a white poppy in a field of red ones; but such exceptions are few and far between, and I have remarked that on an average it takes three well-populated villages to produce two bonnie lassies.
The men are on the whole pleasanter to look at than the fair sex, having often a certain ungainly picturesqueness29 of their own, reminding one of old Flemish paintings.
Something hard and grasping, avaricious30 and mistrustful, characterizes the expression of most Saxon peasants. For this, however, they are scarcely to blame, any more than for their flat busts and large feet—their character, and consequently their expression, being but the natural result of circumstances, the upshot of seven centuries of stubborn resistance and warfare31 with those around them. “We Saxons have always been cheated or betrayed whenever we have had to do with strangers,” they say; and no doubt they are right. The habit of mistrust developed almost to an instinct cannot easily be got rid of, even if there be no longer cause to justify32 it.
This defensive33 attitude towards strangers which pervades34 the Saxons’ every word and action makes it, however, difficult to feel prepossessed in their favor. Taken in the sense of antiquities35, they are no doubt an extremely interesting people, but viewed as living men and women, not at first sight attractive to a stranger; and while compelling our admiration36 by the solid virtues37 and independent spirit which have kept him what he is, the Saxon peasant often shows to disadvantage beside his less civilized38, less educated, and also less honest neighbor, the Roumanian.
As a natural consequence of this mistrust, the spirit of speculation39{33} is here but little developed—for speculation cannot exist without some degree of confidence in one’s neighbor. They do not care to risk one florin in order to gain ten, but are content to keep a firm grasp on what they have got. There are no beggars at all to be seen in Saxon towns, and one never hears of large fortunes gained or lost. Those who happen to be wealthy have only become so by the simple but somewhat tedious process of spending half their income only, during a period of half a century; and after they have in this manner achieved wealth, it does not seem to profit them much, for they go on living as they did before, nourishing themselves on scanty40 fare, and going to bed early in order to save the expense of lights.
The townsfolk are weaker and punier41 editions of the villagers, frequently showing marks of a race degenerated42 from constant intermarriage; and, stripped of their ancient Noah’s-ark costume, lose much of their attraction.
They are essentially43 a bourgeois44 nation, possessing neither titles nor nobility of their own, although many can boast of lengthy45 pedigrees. Those who happen to be adel (noble) have only obtained their von in some exceptional manner in later times, and the five-pointed crown seems somewhat of an anomaly.
Although the Saxons talk of Germany as their father-land, yet their patriotic46 feeling is by no means what we are accustomed to understand by that word. Their attachment48 to the old country would seem rather to be of prosaic49 than romantic sort. “We attach ourselves to the German nation and language,” they say, endeavoring to explain the complicated nature of their patriotism50, “because it offers us the greatest advantages of civilization and culture; we should equally have attached ourselves to any other nation which offered us equal advantages, whether that nation had happened to be Hungarian, French, or Chinese. If the Hungarians had happened to be more civilized than ourselves, we should have been amalgamated51 with them long ago.”[5]
Such an incomprehensible sort of patriot47 would probably have been condemned52 by Scott to go down to his grave “unwept, unhonored, and unsung.” But I suppose that allowances must be made for{34} their peculiar position, and that it is difficult to realize what it feels like to be a grafted53 plant.
There is one village in Transylvania which, isolated in the midst of a Hungarian population, offers an instance of a more complex species of nationality than any I have yet heard of. This is the village of Szass Lona, near Klausenburg, which used to be Saxon, but where the people have gradually forgotten their own mother-tongue and can only speak Hungarian. There is, however, no drop of Hungarian blood in their veins54, as they marry exclusively among themselves; and they have retained alike the German type of feature and the national Saxon dress intact in all its characteristics. Also the family names throughout the village are German ones—as Hindrik, Tod, J?ger, Hubert, etc.
Though none of these people can speak a word of German, and no one can remember the time when German was spoken in the village, yet during the revolution of 1848 these Hungarian-speaking Germans rose to a man to fight against the Magyars.
The Saxon dialect—totally distinct from modern German—has, I am told, most resemblance to the patois55 spoken by the peasants near Luxemburg. It is harsh and unpleasant to the ear, but has in some far-off and indefinable way a certain caricatured likeness56 to English. Often have I been surprised into turning round sharply in the street to see who could be speaking English behind me, only to discover two Saxon peasants comparing notes as to the result of their marketing57.
The language, however, differs considerably58 in different neighborhoods; and a story is told of natives of two different Saxon villages, who, being unable to understand one another, were reduced to conversing59 in Roumanian.
The Sachsengraf (Count), or Comes, was formerly60 the head of the nation, chosen by the people, and acknowledging no other authority but that of the King. He was at once the judge and the leader of his people, and had alone the power of pronouncing sentence of death, in token of which four fir-trees were planted in front of his house. The original meaning of this I take to be, that in olden times the malefactors were executed on the spot, and suspended on these very trees, in full sight of the windows—a pleasant sight, truly, for the ladies of the family.
Nowadays the Saxon Comes has shrunk to a mere61 shadow of his former self; for though there is still nominally62 a Comes who resides{35} at Hermanstadt, his position is as unlike what it used to be as those four trumpery-looking little Christmas-trees stuck before his door resemble the portentous63 gallows64 of which they are the emblem65. It is, in fact, merely as a harmless concession to Saxon national feeling that the title has been preserved at all—a mere meaningless appendage66 tacked67 on to the person of the Hungarian obergespan, or sheriff.
The principal strength of these Saxon colonists68 has always lain in their schools, whose conservation they jealously guard, supporting them entirely from their own resources, and stubbornly refusing all help from the Government. They do not wish to accept favors, they say, and thereby69 incur70 obligations. These schools had formerly the name of being among the very best in Austria; and I have heard of many people who from a distance used to send their children to study there, some twenty to thirty years ago. That this reputation is, however, highly overrated is an undoubted fact, as I know from sad experience with my own children, though it is not easy to determine where the fault exactly lies. The Saxons declare their schools to have suffered from Hungarian interference, which limits their programme in some respects, while insisting on the Hungarian language being taught in every class; but many people consider the Saxons themselves quite as much to blame for the bad results of their teaching. Doubtless, in this as in other respects, it is their exaggerated conservatism which is at fault; and, keeping no account of the age we live in, what was reckoned good some thirty years ago may be called bad to-day.
Anyhow, between the reforming Hungarians and the conservative Saxons, unfortunate stranger boys have a very hard time of it indeed at the Hermanstadt Gymnasium, and it is a fact beginning to be generally acknowledged that children coming to Austria from Transylvanian schools are thrown two classes back.
But the whole question of education in Austria is such a provoking and unsatisfactory one that it is hardly possible to speak of it with either patience or politeness; and by none are its evil effects more disastrously71 felt than by hapless military families, who, compelled to shift about in restless fashion from land to land, are alternately obliged to conform their children to the most opposite requirements of utterly72 different systems.
Thus the son of an officer serving in the Austrian army may be obliged to study half a dozen different languages (in addition to Latin,{36} Greek, German, and French) during a hardly greater number of years. He must learn Italian because his father is serving at Trieste, and may be getting on fairly well with that language when he is abruptly73 called upon to change it for Polish, since Cracow is henceforth the town where he is to pursue his studies. But hardly has he got familiar with the soft Slave tongue when, ten to one, his accent will be ruined for life by an untimely transition to Bohemia, where the hideous74 Czech language has become de rigueur. Slavonian and Ruthenian may very likely have their turn at the unfortunate infant before he has attained75 the age of twelve, unless the distracted father be reduced to sacrifice his military career to the education of his son.
It is not of our own individual case that I would speak thus strongly, for our boys, being burdened with only seven languages (to wit, Polish, English, German, French, Greek, Latin, and Hungarian), would scarcely be counted ill-used, as Austrian boys go, having escaped Bohemian, Slavonian, Ruthenian, and Italian; yet assuredly to us it was a very happy day indeed when we made a bonfire of the Magyar school-books, and ceased quaking at sight of the formidable individual who taught Hungarian at the Hermanstadt Gymnasium.
O happy English school-boys, you know not how much you have to be thankful for!—your own noble language, adorned76 with a superficial layer of Greek and Latin, and at most supplemented by a little atrocious French, being sufficient to set you up for life. Think of those others who are pining in a complicated net-work of Bohemian, Polish, Hungarian, Slavonian, Italian, Croatian, and Ruthenian fetters77; think of them, and drop a sympathizing tear over their mournful lot!
That the Saxon school-professors are well-educated, intelligent men is no proof in favor of the schools themselves, for here another motive78 is at work, namely, no man can aspire79 to be pastor80 without passing through the university, and then practising for several years at a public gymnasium; and as these places are very lucrative81, there is a great run upon them. Now, as formerly, most young men are sent to complete their studies at some German university town—Heidelberg, G?ttingen, or Jena—an undertaking82 which, before the days of railroads, must have required considerable resolution to enable those concerned to encounter the hardships of a journey which took from ten to twelve weeks to perform. It was usually conducted in the following manner: Some enterprising Roumanian peasant harnessed{37} twelve to fourteen horses to some lumbering83 vehicle, and, laden84 with a dozen or more students thirsting for knowledge, pilgered thus to the German university town some eight or nine hundred miles off. Returning to Transylvania some six months later, he brought back another batch85 of young men who had completed their studies.
The weight which these Saxons have always attached to education may be gathered from the fact that in almost each of their fortified86 churches, or burgs, there was a tower set apart for the inculcation of knowledge, and to this day many such are still in existence, and known as the schul thurm (school-tower). Even when the enemy was standing87 outside the walls, the course of learning was not allowed to be interrupted. It must have been a strange sight and a worthy88 subject for some historical painter to see this crowd of old-fashioned fair-haired children, all huddled89 together within the dingy90 turret91; some of the bolder or more inquisitive92 flaxen heads peering out of the narrow gullet-windows at the turbans and crescents below, while the grim-faced mentor93, stick in hand, recalls them to order, vainly endeavoring to fix their wandering attention each time a painim arrow whizzed past the opening.
Why these Saxons, who have shown themselves so rigidly94 conservative on all other points, should nevertheless have changed their religion, might puzzle a stranger at first sight. The mere spirit of imitation would not seem sufficient to account for it, and Luther’s voice could hardly have penetrated95 to this out-of-the-way corner of Europe at a time when telegraphs and telephones were yet unknown. The solution of this riddle96 is, however, quite simple, and lies close at hand, when we remember that even before the Reformation all those preparing for the Sacerdoce went to Germany to complete their studies. These, consequently, caught the reforming infection, and brought it back fresh from headquarters, acting97, in fact, as so many living telephones, who, conveying the great reformer’s voice from one end of Europe to the other, promulgated98 his doctrines100 with all the enthusiasm and fire of youth.
Every year thus brought fresh recruits from the scene of action; no wonder, then, that the original Catholic clerical party grew daily smaller and weaker, and proved unable to stem this powerful new current. The contest was necessarily an unequal one: on one side, impassioned rhetoric101 and the fire of youth; on the other, the drowsy{38} resistance of a handful of superannuated102 men, grown rusty103 in their theology and lax in the exercise of their duties.
In the year 1523 Luther’s teaching had already struck such firm roots at Hermanstadt that the Archbishop of Gran, to whose diocese Hermanstadt then belonged, obtained a royal decree authorizing104 the destruction of all Lutheran books and documents as pernicious and heretical. Accordingly an archiepiscopal commissary was despatched to Hermanstadt, and all burghers were compelled to deliver up their Protestant books and writings to be burned in the public market-place. It is related that on this occasion, when the bonfire was at its highest, the wind, seizing hold of a semi-consumed Psalter, carried it with such force against the head of the bishop’s emissary that, severely105 burned, he fainted away on the spot. The book was thrown back into the fire where it soon burned to ashes; but on the third day after the accident the commissary died of the wounds received.
Another anecdote106 relating to the Reformation is told of the village of Schass, which, while Luther’s doctrine99 was being spread in Transylvania, despatched one of its parishioners, named Strell, to Rome in quest of a Papal indulgence for the community. More than once already had Strell been sent to Rome on a like errand, and each time, on returning home with the granted indulgence for his people, he was received by a solemn procession of all the villagers, bearing flying banners and singing sacred hymns107. He was, therefore, not a little surprised this time, on approaching the village, to see the road deserted108 before him, though he had given warning of his intended arrival. The bells were dumb, and not a soul came out to meet him; but his astonishment109 reached its climax110 when, on nearing the church, he perceived the images of the saints he had been wont111 to revere112 lying in the mire113 outside the church walls. To his wondering question he received the reply that in his absence the villagers had changed their faith. Strell, however, did not imitate their example, but raising up the holy images from their inglorious position, he gave them an honorable place in his house, remaining Catholic to the end of his days.
Nevertheless, in spite of many such incidents, the change of religion in Transylvania brought about fewer disturbances114 than in most other places. There was little strife115 or bloodshed, and none of that fierce fanaticism116 which has so often injured and weakened both causes. The Saxon peasantry did this as they do everything else, calmly and practically; and the Government permitting each party to follow its{39} own religion unmolested, in a comparatively short time peace and order were re-established in the interior of the country.
Without wishing to touch on such a very serious subject as the respective merits of the two religions, or attempting to obtrude117 personal convictions, it seems to me, from a purely118 artistic point of view, that the sterner and simpler Protestant religion fits these independent and puritanical-looking Saxon folk far better than the ancient faith can have done; while the more graceful forms of the Oriental Church, its mystic ceremonies and arbitrary doctrines, are unquestionably better adapted to an ardent119, ignorant, and superstitious120 race like the Roumanian one.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
antagonistic
|
|
| adj.敌对的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
thoroughly
|
|
| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
adverse
|
|
| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
opposition
|
|
| n.反对，敌对 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
concession
|
|
| n.让步，妥协；特许(权) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
tenaciously
|
|
| 坚持地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
peculiar
|
|
| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
peculiarity
|
|
| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
undoubtedly
|
|
| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
isolated
|
|
| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
withering
|
|
| 使人畏缩的，使人害羞的，使人难堪的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
contemplate
|
|
| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
hoard
|
|
| n./v.窖藏，贮存，囤积 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
besieged
|
|
| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
forth
|
|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
corpse
|
|
| n.尸体，死尸 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
glacier
|
|
| n.冰川，冰河 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
lapse
|
|
| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
artistic
|
|
| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
distressing
|
|
| a.使人痛苦的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
complexions
|
|
| 肤色( complexion的名词复数 )； 面色； 局面； 性质 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
busts
|
|
| 半身雕塑像( bust的名词复数 )； 妇女的胸部； 胸围； 突击搜捕 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
irresistibly
|
|
| adv.无法抵抗地，不能自持地；极为诱惑人地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
attire
|
|
| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
entirely
|
|
| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
graceful
|
|
| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
elegance
|
|
| n.优雅；优美，雅致；精致，巧妙 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
fascination
|
|
| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
picturesqueness
|
|
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
avaricious
|
|
| adj.贪婪的，贪心的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
warfare
|
|
| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
justify
|
|
| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
defensive
|
|
| adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
pervades
|
|
| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
antiquities
|
|
| n.古老( antiquity的名词复数 )；古迹；古人们；古代的风俗习惯 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
admiration
|
|
| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
virtues
|
|
| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
civilized
|
|
| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
speculation
|
|
| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
scanty
|
|
| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
punier
|
|
| adj.小于一般尺寸的( puny的比较级 )；微不足道的；弱小的；微弱的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
degenerated
|
|
| 衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
essentially
|
|
| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
bourgeois
|
|
| adj./n.追求物质享受的(人)；中产阶级分子 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
lengthy
|
|
| adj.漫长的，冗长的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
patriotic
|
|
| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
patriot
|
|
| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
attachment
|
|
| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
prosaic
|
|
| adj.单调的，无趣的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
patriotism
|
|
| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
amalgamated
|
|
| v.（使）（金属）汞齐化( amalgamate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）合并；联合；结合 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
condemned
|
|
| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
grafted
|
|
| 移植( graft的过去式和过去分词 )； 嫁接； 使（思想、制度等）成为（…的一部份）； 植根 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
veins
|
|
| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
patois
|
|
| n.方言；混合语 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
likeness
|
|
| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
marketing
|
|
| n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
considerably
|
|
| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
conversing
|
|
| v.交谈，谈话( converse的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
formerly
|
|
| adv.从前，以前 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
mere
|
|
| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
nominally
|
|
| 在名义上，表面地； 应名儿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
portentous
|
|
| adj.不祥的，可怕的，装腔作势的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
gallows
|
|
| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
emblem
|
|
| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
appendage
|
|
| n.附加物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
tacked
|
|
| 用平头钉钉( tack的过去式和过去分词 )； 附加，增补； 帆船抢风行驶，用粗线脚缝 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
colonists
|
|
| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
thereby
|
|
| adv.因此，从而 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
incur
|
|
| vt.招致，蒙受，遭遇 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
disastrously
|
|
| ad.灾难性地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
utterly
|
|
| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
abruptly
|
|
| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
hideous
|
|
| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
attained
|
|
| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
adorned
|
|
| [计]被修饰的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
fetters
|
|
| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
motive
|
|
| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
aspire
|
|
| vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
pastor
|
|
| n.牧师，牧人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
lucrative
|
|
| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
undertaking
|
|
| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
lumbering
|
|
| n.采伐林木 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
laden
|
|
| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
batch
|
|
| n.一批(组，群)；一批生产量 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
fortified
|
|
| adj. 加强的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
standing
|
|
| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
worthy
|
|
| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
huddled
|
|
| 挤在一起（huddle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
dingy
|
|
| adj.昏暗的，肮脏的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
turret
|
|
| n.塔楼，角塔 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
inquisitive
|
|
| adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
mentor
|
|
| n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
rigidly
|
|
| adv.刻板地，僵化地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
penetrated
|
|
| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
riddle
|
|
| n.谜，谜语，粗筛；vt.解谜，给…出谜，筛，检查，鉴定，非难，充满于；vi.出谜 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
acting
|
|
| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
promulgated
|
|
| v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
doctrine
|
|
| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
doctrines
|
|
| n.教条( doctrine的名词复数 )；教义；学说；（政府政策的）正式声明 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
rhetoric
|
|
| n.修辞学，浮夸之言语 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
superannuated
|
|
| adj.老朽的，退休的；v.因落后于时代而废除，勒令退学 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
rusty
|
|
| adj.生锈的；锈色的；荒废了的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
authorizing
|
|
| 授权，批准，委托( authorize的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
severely
|
|
| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
anecdote
|
|
| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
hymns
|
|
| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
108
deserted
|
|
| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
109
astonishment
|
|
| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
110
climax
|
|
| n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
111
wont
|
|
| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
112
revere
|
|
| vt.尊崇，崇敬，敬畏 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
113
mire
|
|
| n.泥沼，泥泞；v.使...陷于泥泞，使...陷入困境 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
114
disturbances
|
|
| n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 )；打扰；困扰；障碍 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
115
strife
|
|
| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
116
fanaticism
|
|
| n.狂热，盲信 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
117
obtrude
|
|
| v.闯入；侵入；打扰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
118
purely
|
|
| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
119
ardent
|
|
| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
120
superstitious
|
|
| adj.迷信的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |