The church itself, having been replaced by a more conveniently situated13 one down in the village, is now deserted14, and is used only as a storehouse by the villagers. The fortified walls are crumbling15 away, and the passage round the church is choked up by weeds and briers, among which lie strewn about many old moss-grown stones, circular in shape and resembling giant cannon-balls. These were the missiles which lay there in readiness to be rolled down on to an approaching enemy; and there was a law compelling each bridegroom, before leading his bride to the altar, to roll uphill to the church-door one of these formidable globes. This was so ordained16 in order to exclude from matrimony all sick or weakly subjects; and as the incline was a steep one, and each stone weighed about two hundred-weight, it was a considerable test of strength.
FORTIFIED SAXON CHURCH.
Would that these old stones, lying here neglected among the nettles17, had the gift of speech! What traits of love and of bloodshed might we not learn from them! Only to look at them there strewn{65} around, it is not difficult to guess at the outlines of some of the stories they are dumbly telling us. Many are chipped and worn away, and have evidently been used more than once in their double capacity, alternately rolled up the hill by smiling Cupid, to be hurled18 down again by furious Nemesis19.
Here near a clump20 of burdock-leaves is a shabby-looking globe of yellow sandstone, whose puny21 size plainly speaks of a mariage de convenance—a mere22 union of hands without hearts; perhaps some old widower23, with trembling hands and shaky knees, in quest of a wife to look after his house, and to whom the whole matter was very uphill work indeed!
Close alongside, half hidden beneath the graceful24 tangles25 of a wild-rose bush, is a formidable bowlder of gigantic, nay26, heroic size, which forcibly suggests that it must have been a mighty27 love indeed which brought it up here—so mighty, no doubt, that to the two strong young arms which rolled it up the hill it must have seemed light as a feather’s weight.
And how many of these, might one ask, have been rolled up here in vain, in so far as the love was concerned? When the fire of love had grown cold and its sweetness all turned to vinegar, how many, many a former lover must heartily28 have wished that he had never moved his stone from the bottom of the hill!
Such thoughts involuntarily crowd on the mind when sitting, as I have done many a time, within this lonely ruin on fine summer evenings, the idyllic29 peacefulness of the scene the more strongly felt by contrast with the bloody30 memories linked around it. It is so strange to realize how completely everything has passed away that once used to be: that the hands which pushed these heavy globes, as well as the Moslem31 crania for which they were intended, have turned alike to dust; that hushed forever are the voices once awaking fierce echoes within these very walls; and that of all those contrasting passions, of all that tender love and that burning hatred32, nothing has survived but a few old stones lying forgotten near a deserted church!
The history of the sieges endured in Transylvania on the part of Turk or Tartar would in itself furnish matter for many volumes. Numberless anecdotes33 are yet current characterizing the endurance and courage of the besieged34, and the original means often resorted to in order to baffle or mislead the enemy.
{66}
Once it was the ready wit of a Szekel woman which saved her people besieged by the Tartars within the Almescher cavern35. As the whole land had been devastated36 from end to end, a severe famine was the consequence, and both besiegers and besieged were sorely in want of victuals37. The Szekels had taken some provisions with them into the cave, but these were soon exhausted; and the Tartars, though starving themselves, were consoled by thinking that hunger would soon compel their enemy to give in. One day, when, as usual, the barbarians38 had assembled shouting and howling in front of the cavern, whose entrance was defended by a high wall, a Hungarian woman held up before their eyes a large cake at the end of a long pole, and cried out, tauntingly39, “See here, ye dogs of Tartars! Thus are we feasting in plenty and comfort, while you are reduced to eat grass and roots of trees.” This much-vaunted cake was but kneaded together of water and ashes, with a few last remaining spoonfuls of flour; but the Tartars, taken in by the feint, abandoned the field.
Another time it was nothing more than a swarm40 of bees which turned the scale in favor of the Saxons, hard pressed by the enemy outside. Already they had begun to scale the walls of the fortified church, and death and destruction seemed imminent41, when the youthful daughter of the church-warden42 was struck by a bright idea. Behind the church was a little garden full of sweet-scented flowers, and containing a dozen beehives, which it was Lieschen’s (such was her name) pride to watch over. Seizing a hive in each hand, she sprang up on the fortress wall, and with all her strength hurled them down among the approaching besiegers. Again and again she repeated this man?uvre till the hives were exhausted, and the bewildered enemies, blinded by the dense43 swarm of infuriated bees, deafened44 by the angry buzzing in their ears, and maddened by hundredfold stings, beat an ignominious45 and hasty retreat.
This occurred in the village of Holzmengen towards the end of the seventeenth century, and of this same village it is related that, when peace was finally restored to the land, the population was so reduced that most houses stood empty. Of four hundred landholders there used to be, but fifteen now remained; and many years passed by without any wedding being celebrated46 in the place. When, however, at last this rare event came to pass, the bridegroom received the name of the “young man,” which stuck to him until his end. The bride was no other than Lieschen, the bee-maiden, and Thomas was the name of{67} her husband; and to this day whoever is in possession of that particular house goes by the name of “den jung mon Thomas,” even though he happen to have been christened Hans or Peter, and be, moreover, as old as Methuselah. If you ask the name of such another house in the same village, you are told that it belongs to Michel am Eck (Michael at the corner). It is not a corner house, neither does its proprietor47 answer to the name of Michel; but where it stands was once the corner of a street, and Michel the name of one of the fifteen landholders who divided the property after the war; hence the appellation48.
There is a story told of an active Saxon housewife who, after she had been shut up for three days within the fortress awaiting the Tartars reported to be near, began to weary of her enforced idleness, and throwing open the gate of the citadel49, impatiently called out, “Now, then, you dogs of Tartars, are you never coming?”
When the Tartars had succeeded in capturing prisoners they used to fatten50 them up for eating. A woman from the village of Almesch, being sickly, refused to fatten, and, set at liberty, came home to relate the doleful tale. The little Hungarians and Saxons were regarded as toys for the young Tartars, who, setting them up in rows, used to practise upon them the merry pastime of cutting off heads.
Living in Transylvania, we are sometimes inclined to wonder whether to be besieged by Turks and Tartars be really a thing of the past, and not rather an actual danger for which we must be prepared any day, so strangely are many little observances relating to those times still kept up. Thus in the belfry tower at Kaisd there hangs a little bell bearing a Gothic inscription51 and the date 1506. It is rung every evening at the usual curfew-hour, and until within a very few years ago the watchman was under the obligation of calling forth52 into the night with stentorian53 voice, “Not this way, you villains54! not this way! I see you well!”
Also the habit of keeping provisions stored up within the fortified church-walls, to this day extant in most Saxon villages, is clearly a remnant of the time when sieges had to be looked for. Even now the people seem to consider their goods to be in greater security here than in their own barns and lofts55. The outer fortified wall round the church is often divided off into deep recesses56 or alcoves57, in each of which stands a large wooden chest securely locked, and filled with grain or flour, while the little surrounding turrets58 or chapels59 are used{68} as storehouses for home-cured bacon. “We have seven chapels all full of bacon,” I was once proudly informed by a village church-warden; but, with the innate60 mistrust of his race, he would not indulge my further curiosity on the subject by suffering me to inspect the interior of these greasy61 sanctuaries62, evidently suspecting me of sinister63 intentions on his bacon stores.
This storing up of provisions is a perfect mania64 among the Saxons, and each village has its own special hobby or favorite article, vast quantities of which it hoards65 up in a preposterous66, senseless fashion, reminding one of a dog who buries more bones than he can ever hope to eat in the course of his life. Thus, one village prides itself on having the greatest quantity of bacon, much of which is already thirty or forty years old, and consequently totally unfit for use; while in another community the oldest grain is the great specialité. Each article, case, or barrel is marked with the brand of the owner, and the whole placed under the charge of the church-warden.
Some parishes can still boast of many curiously67 wrought68 pieces of church plate remaining over from Catholic days—enamelled chalices70, bejewelled crucifixes, remonstrances71, and ciboriums, richly inlaid and embossed. The village of Heltau is in possession of many such valuable ornaments73 which, during the Turkish wars, used to be buried in the earth, sometimes for a period of many years, the exact spot where the treasure was hidden being known only to the oldest church-warden, who was careful to pass on the secret to the next in rank when he felt himself to be drawing near the end of his life. Thus, in the year 1794, the church at Heltau, struck by lightning, was seriously damaged, and urgently demanded extensive repairs. How to defray these expenses was the question which sorely perplexed74 the village pastor75 and the church elders, when the old warden came forward and offered to reveal to the pastor and the second warden the secret of a hidden treasure of whose existence none but he was aware. The man himself had never set eyes on the treasure, but had received from his predecessor76 precise directions how to find it in case of necessity. Accordingly, under his guidance the pastor, accompanied by the younger warden, repaired to the church, where, entering the right-hand aisle77, the old man pointed78 to three high-backed wooden seats fixed79 against the wall, saying, “The centre one of these chairs has a movable panel, behind which a door is said to be concealed80.” After some effort—for the panel was jammed from long disuse—it yielded, moving upward,{69} and disclosing a small iron door with a keyhole, into which fitted an old-fashioned rusty81 key produced by the warden. When this door was at last got open, the three men stepped into a small vault82 paved with bricks. “One of these bricks is marked by a cross, and under it we have to dig for the treasure,” were the further instructions given by the old man. A very few minutes proved the truth of his words, bringing to light a small wooden chest containing a chalice69, a silver remonstrance72, and various other valuables, which may still be seen at the Heltau parsonage; likewise a bag of gold and silver coins, dating from the time of the Batorys, which leads to the supposition that the treasure had been lying here concealed ever since the beginning of the seventeenth century.
Great was the pastor’s surprise and delight at this unexpected windfall; but he only took from the bag sufficient money for the necessary repairs, replacing the rest of the treasure where it had been found. None of the other parishioners were informed whence had come the money, so the secret remained a secret.
Only many years later, in the present century, when the son-in-law of the former clergyman had become pastor in his turn, the story of the treasure was imparted to him by the successor of former wardens83. The necessity for concealment84 had now gone by, and peace and prosperity reigned85 in the country; so the church ornaments were once more disinterred, and finally restored to the light of day, while the antiquated86 gold and silver pieces, exchanged into current coinage, were applied87 to useful purposes. Thus it was that the secret oozed88 out, and came to be generally known.
Saxon village churches of the present day are generally bare and unornamented inside, for all decorations had been dismantled89 at the time of the Reformation; stone niches90 have been emptied of the statues they contained, and rich pieces of carving91 stowed away in lumber-rooms. Only the old Oriental carpets, brought hither from Turkish campaigns, which frequently adorn92 the front of the pews or the organ-gallery, have been suffered to remain, and hang there still, delicately harmonious93 in coloring, but riddled94 through with holes like a sieve95, and fed upon by the descendants of a hundred generations of moths96, which flutter in a dense cloud round the visitor who inadvertently raises a corner of the drapery to investigate its fleecy quality.
Curious old tombstones and bass-reliefs may often be seen carelessly{70} huddled97 together in the church entrance or outside the walls, treated with no sort of appreciation98 of their historical value or care for their ultimate preservation99. Also the numerous frescos which used to cover many church walls have been obliterated100 by the barbarous touch of a whitewashing101 hand. It would almost seem as if this Saxon people had originally possessed102 some degree of artistic103 feeling, which has been, however, effectually extinguished by the Reformation; for it is difficult otherwise to explain how a nation capable of raising monuments of real artistic value in the troubled times of the barbarous Middle Ages should be thus heedless of their conservation in the present enlightened and peaceful century.
RUINED ABBEY OF KERZ.
Of this lamentable104 indifference105 to the conservation of their historical and artistic treasures, the ruined Abbey of Kerz, situated in the valley of the Aluta, offers a melancholy106 instance. This wealthy Cistercian monastery107 was founded by King Bela III. towards the end of the twelfth century; but being abolished by King Mathias three centuries later, on account of irregularities into which the monks108 had fallen, it passed, with its lands, into possession of the Hermanstadt church.
The choir109 of the ancient abbey church, built in the time of Louis the Great in the transition style, is still used as a place of worship by the small Lutheran congregation of Kerz, but the nave110 has been suffered to fall into decay; many of the richly carved stones of which it was formed have been carried off by the villagers, who have utilized111 them for building their houses, or degraded them to yet baser purposes. We ourselves crossed the little stream, which runs close by the parson’s house, on stepping-stones evidently taken from the ancient building. Likewise a lime-tree of gigantic dimensions in front of the western portal, and supposed to have been planted when the foundation-stone of the church was laid, is now in imminent danger of splitting in twain for want of the trifling112 attention of an iron waistband to keep its poor old body together. Such the present lamentable condition of one of the most interesting relics113 in the country which has been named the Melrose of Transylvania.
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1
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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militant
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| adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士 | |
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fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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contingency
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| n.意外事件，可能性 | |
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lengthy
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| adj.漫长的，冗长的 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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precarious
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| adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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crumbling
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| adj.摇摇欲坠的 | |
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ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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nettles
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| n.荨麻( nettle的名词复数 ) | |
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hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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nemesis
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| n.给以报应者，复仇者，难以对付的敌手 | |
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clump
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| n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走 | |
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puny
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| adj.微不足道的，弱小的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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widower
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| n.鳏夫 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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tangles
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| （使）缠结， （使）乱作一团( tangle的第三人称单数 ) | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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idyllic
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| adj.质朴宜人的，田园风光的 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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Moslem
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| n.回教徒，穆罕默德信徒；adj.回教徒的，回教的 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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besieged
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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cavern
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| n.洞穴，大山洞 | |
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devastated
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| v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的 | |
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victuals
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| n.食物；食品 | |
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barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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tauntingly
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| 嘲笑地，辱骂地； 嘲骂地 | |
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swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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warden
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| n.监察员，监狱长，看守人，监护人 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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deafened
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| 使聋( deafen的过去式和过去分词 )； 使隔音 | |
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ignominious
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| adj.可鄙的，不光彩的，耻辱的 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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appellation
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| n.名称，称呼 | |
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citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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fatten
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| v.使肥，变肥 | |
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inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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stentorian
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| adj.大声的，响亮的 | |
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villains
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| n.恶棍( villain的名词复数 )；罪犯；（小说、戏剧等中的）反面人物；淘气鬼 | |
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lofts
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| 阁楼( loft的名词复数 )； （由工厂等改建的）套房； 上层楼面； 房间的越层 | |
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recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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alcoves
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| n.凹室( alcove的名词复数 )；（花园）凉亭；僻静处；壁龛 | |
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turrets
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| （六角）转台( turret的名词复数 )； （战舰和坦克等上的）转动炮塔； （摄影机等上的）镜头转台； （旧时攻城用的）塔车 | |
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chapels
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| n.小教堂， （医院、监狱等的）附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 )；（在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式 | |
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innate
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| adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的 | |
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greasy
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| adj. 多脂的，油脂的 | |
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sanctuaries
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| n.避难所( sanctuary的名词复数 )；庇护；圣所；庇护所 | |
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sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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mania
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| n.疯狂；躁狂症，狂热，癖好 | |
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hoards
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| n.（钱财、食物或其他珍贵物品的）储藏，积存( hoard的名词复数 )v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的第三人称单数 ) | |
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preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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chalice
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| n.圣餐杯；金杯毒酒 | |
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chalices
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| n.高脚酒杯( chalice的名词复数 )；圣餐杯；金杯毒酒；看似诱人实则令人讨厌的事物 | |
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71
remonstrances
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| n.抱怨，抗议( remonstrance的名词复数 ) | |
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72
remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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73
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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pastor
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| n.牧师，牧人 | |
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predecessor
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| n.前辈，前任 | |
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aisle
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| n.（教堂、教室、戏院等里的）过道，通道 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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80
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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81
rusty
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| adj.生锈的；锈色的；荒废了的 | |
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82
vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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83
wardens
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| n.看守人( warden的名词复数 )；管理员；监察员；监察官 | |
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84
concealment
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| n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒 | |
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85
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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86
antiquated
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| adj.陈旧的，过时的 | |
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87
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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88
oozed
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| v.（浓液等）慢慢地冒出，渗出( ooze的过去式和过去分词 )；使（液体）缓缓流出；（浓液）渗出，慢慢流出 | |
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89
dismantled
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| 拆开( dismantle的过去式和过去分词 )； 拆卸； 废除； 取消 | |
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90
niches
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| 壁龛( niche的名词复数 )； 合适的位置[工作等]； （产品的）商机； 生态位（一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位） | |
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carving
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| n.雕刻品，雕花 | |
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adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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riddled
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| adj.布满的；充斥的；泛滥的v.解谜，出谜题(riddle的过去分词形式) | |
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sieve
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| n.筛，滤器，漏勺 | |
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96
moths
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| n.蛾( moth的名词复数 ) | |
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huddled
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| 挤在一起（huddle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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99
preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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100
obliterated
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| v.除去( obliterate的过去式和过去分词 )；涂去；擦掉；彻底破坏或毁灭 | |
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101
whitewashing
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| 粉饰，美化，掩饰( whitewash的现在分词 )； 喷浆 | |
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102
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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103
artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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104
lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
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105
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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106
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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107
monastery
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| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
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108
monks
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| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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109
choir
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| n.唱诗班，唱诗班的席位，合唱团，舞蹈团；v.合唱 | |
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110
nave
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| n.教堂的中部；本堂 | |
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111
utilized
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| v.利用，使用( utilize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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112
trifling
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| adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的 | |
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113
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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