ALTHOUGH I had been unable during the late festival to obtain information on many interesting subjects which had much excited my curiosity, still that important event had not passed by without adding materially to my general knowledge of the islanders.
I was especially struck by the physical strength and beauty which they displayed, by their great superiority in these respects over the inhabitants of the neighbouring bay of Nukuheva, and by the singular contrasts they presented among themselves in their various shades of complexion.
In beauty of form they surpassed anything I had ever seen. Not a single instance of natural deformity was observable in all the throng10 attending the revels11. Occasionally I noticed among the men the scars of wounds they had received in battle; and sometimes, though very seldom, the loss of a finger, an eye, or an arm, attributable to the same cause. With these exceptions, every individual appeared free from those blemishes12 which sometimes mar5 the effect of an otherwise perfect form. But their physical excellence13 did not merely consist in an exemption15 from these evils; nearly every individual of their number might have been taken for a sculptor’s model.
When I remembered that these islanders derived17 no advantage from dress, but appeared in all the naked simplicity of nature, I could not avoid comparing them with the fine gentlemen and dandies who promenade18 such unexceptionable figures in our frequented thoroughfares. Stripped of the cunning artifices19 of the tailor, and standing20 forth21 in the garb22 of Eden—what a sorry, set of round-shouldered, spindle-shanked, crane-necked varlets would civilized men appear! Stuffed calves23, padded breasts, and scientifically cut pantaloons would then avail them nothing, and the effect would be truly deplorable.
Nothing in the appearance of the islanders struck me more forcibly than the whiteness of their teeth. The novelist always compares the masticators of his heroine to ivory; but I boldly pronounce the teeth of the Typee to be far more beautiful than ivory itself. The jaws24 of the oldest graybeards among them were much better garnished25 than those of most of the youths of civilized countries; while the teeth of the young and middle-aged26, in their purity and whiteness, were actually dazzling to the eye. Their marvellous whiteness of the teeth is to be ascribed to the pure vegetable diet of these people, and the uninterrupted healthfulness of their natural mode of life.
The men, in almost every instance, are of lofty stature27, scarcely ever less than six feet in height, while the other sex are uncommonly28 diminutive29. The early period of life at which the human form arrives at maturity30 in this generous tropical climate, likewise deserves to be mentioned. A little creature, not more than thirteen years of age, and who in other particulars might be regarded as a mere14 child, is often seen nursing her own baby, whilst lads who, under less ripening31 skies, would be still at school, are here responsible fathers of families.
On first entering the Typee Valley, I had been struck with the marked contrast presented by its inhabitants with those of the bay I had previously33 left. In the latter place, I had not been favourably34 impressed with the personal appearance of the male portion of the population; although with the females, excepting in some truly melancholy35 instances, I had been wonderfully pleased. I had observed that even the little intercourse Europeans had carried on with the Nukuheva natives had not failed to leave its traces amongst them. One of the most dreadful curses under which humanity labours had commenced its havocks, and betrayed, as it ever does among the South Sea islanders, the most aggravated37 symptoms. From this, as from all other foreign inflictions, the yet uncontaminated tenants39 of the Typee Valley were wholly exempt16; and long may they continue so. Better will it be for them for ever to remain the happy and innocent heathens and barbarians40 that they now are, than, like the wretched inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands, to enjoy the mere name of Christians42 without experiencing any of the vital operations of true religion, whilst, at the same time, they are made the victims of the worst vices43 and evils of civilized life.
Apart, however, from these considerations, I am inclined to believe that there exists a radical44 difference between the two tribes, if indeed they are not distinct races of men. To those who have merely touched at Nukuheva Bay, without visiting other portions of the island, it would hardly appear credible45 the diversities presented between the various small clans46 inhabiting so diminutive a spot. But the hereditary47 hostility48 which has existed between them for ages, fully36 accounts for this.
Not so easy, however, is it to assign an adequate cause for the endless variety of complexions49 to be seen in the Typee Valley. During the festival, I had noticed several young females whose skins were almost as white as any Saxon damsel’s; a slight dash of the mantling50 brown being all that marked the difference. This comparative fairness of complexion, though in a great degree perfectly51 natural, is partly the result of an artificial process, and of an entire exclusion52 from the sun. The juice of the ‘papa’ root found in great abundance at the head of the valley, is held in great esteem53 as a cosmetic, with which many of the females daily anoint their whole person. The habitual54 use of it whitens and beautifies the skin. Those of the young girls who resort to this method of heightening their charms, never expose themselves selves to the rays of the sun; an observance, however, that produces little or no inconvenience, since there are but few of the inhabited portions of the vale which are not shaded over with a spreading canopy55 of boughs56, so that one may journey from house to house, scarcely deviating57 from the direct course, and yet never once see his shadow cast upon the ground.
The ‘papa’, when used, is suffered to remain upon the skin for several hours; being of a light green colour, it consequently imparts for the time a similar hue58 to the complexion. Nothing, therefore, can be imagined more singular than the appearance of these nearly naked damsels immediately after the application of the cosmetic. To look at one of them you would almost suppose she was some vegetable in an unripe60 state; and that, instead of living in the shade for ever, she ought to be placed out in the sun to ripen32.
All the islanders are more or less in the habit of anointing themselves; the women preferring the ‘aker’ to ‘papa’, and the men using the oil of the cocoanut. Mehevi was remarkable61 fond of mollifying his entire cuticle62 with this ointment. Sometimes he might be seen, with his whole body fairly reeking63 with the perfumed oil of the nut, looking as if he had just emerged from a soap-boiler’s vat38, or had undergone the process of dipping in a tallow-chandlery. To this cause perhaps, united to their frequent bathing and extreme cleanliness, is ascribable, in a great measure, the marvellous purity and smoothness of skin exhibited by the natives in general.
The prevailing64 tint65 among the women of the valley was a light olive, and of this style of complexion Fayaway afforded the most beautiful example. Others were still darker; while not a few were of a genuine golden colour, and some of a swarthy hue.
As agreeing with much previously mentioned in this narrative66 I may here observe that Mendanna, their discoverer, in his account of the Marquesas, described the natives as wondrously67 beautiful to behold68, and as nearly resembling the people of southern Europe. The first of these islands seen by Mendanna was La Madelena, which is not far distant from Nukuheva; and its inhabitants in every respect resemble those dwelling69 on that and the other islands of the group. Figueroa, the chronicler of Mendanna’s voyage, says, that on the morning the land was descried70, when the Spaniards drew near the shore, there sallied forth, in rude progression, about seventy canoes, and at the same time many of the inhabitants (females I presume) made towards the ships by swimming. He adds, that ‘in complexion they were nearly white; of good stature, and finely formed; and on their faces and bodies were delineated representations of fishes and other devices’. The old Don then goes on to say, ‘There came, among others, two lads paddling their canoe, whose eyes were fixed71 on the ship; they had beautiful faces and the most promising72 animation73 of countenance74; and were in all things so becoming, that the pilot-mayor Quiros affirmed, nothing in his life ever caused him so much regret as the leaving such fine creatures to be lost in that country.‘* More than two hundred years have gone by since the passage of which the above is a translation was written; and it appears to me now, as I read it, as fresh and true as if written but yesterday. The islanders are still the same; and I have seen boys in the Typee Valley of whose ‘beautiful faces’ and promising ‘animation of countenance’ no one who has not beheld75 them can form any adequate idea. Cook, in the account of his voyage, pronounces the Marquesans as by far the most splendid islanders in the South Seas. Stewart, the chaplain of the U.S. ship Vincennes, in his ‘Scenes in the South Seas’, expresses, in more than one place, his amazement76 at the surpassing loveliness of the women; and says that many of the Nukuheva damsels reminded him forcibly of the most celebrated77 beauties in his own land. Fanning, a Yankee mariner78 of some reputation, likewise records his lively impressions of the physical appearance of these people; and Commodore David Porter of the U.S. frigate79 Essex, is said to have been vastly smitten80 by the beauty of the ladies. Their great superiority over all other Polynesians cannot fail to attract the notice of those who visit the principal groups in the Pacific. The voluptuous81 Tahitians are the only people who at all deserve to be compared with them; while the dark-haired Hawaiians and the woolly-headed Feejees are immeasurably inferior to them. The distinguishing characteristic of the Marquesan islanders, and that which at once strikes you, is the European cast of their features—a peculiarity83 seldom observable among other uncivilized people. Many of their faces present profiles classically beautiful, and in the valley of Typee I saw several who, like the stranger Marnoo, were in every respect models of beauty.
* This passage, which is cited as an almost literal translation from the original, I found in a small volume entitled ‘Circumnavigation of the Globe, in which volume are several extracts from ‘Dalrymple’s Historical Collections’. The last-mentioned work I have never seen, but it is said to contain a very correct English version of great part of the learned Doctor Christoval Suaverde da Figueroa’s History of Mendanna’s Voyage, published at Madrid, A.D. 1613.
Some of the natives present at the Feast of Calabashes had displayed a few articles of European dress; disposed however, about their persons after their own peculiar82 fashion. Among these I perceived two pieces of cotton-cloth which poor Toby and myself had bestowed84 upon our youthful guides the afternoon we entered the valley. They were evidently reserved for gala days; and during those of the festival they rendered the young islanders who wore them very distinguished85 characters. The small number who were similarly adorned86, and the great value they appeared to place upon the most common and most trivial articles, furnished ample evidence of the very restricted intercourse they held with vessels87 touching88 at the island. A few cotton handkerchiefs, of a gay pattern, tied about the neck, and suffered to fall over the shoulder; strips of fanciful calico, swathed about the loins, were nearly all I saw.
Indeed, throughout the valley, there were few things of any kind to be seen of European origin. All I ever saw, besides the articles just alluded89 to, were the six muskets90 preserved in the Ti, and three or four similar implements91 of warfare92 hung up in other houses; some small canvas bags, partly filled with bullets and powder, and half a dozen old hatchet-heads, with the edges blunted and battered93 to such a degree as to render them utterly94 useless. These last seemed to be regarded as nearly worthless by the natives; and several times they held up, one of them before me, and throwing it aside with a gesture of disgust, manifested their contempt for anything that could so soon become unserviceable.
But the muskets, the powder, and the bullets were held in most extravagant95 esteem. The former, from their great age and the peculiarities96 they exhibited, were well worthy97 a place in any antiquarian’s armoury. I remember in particular one that hung in the Ti, and which Mehevi—supposing as a matter of course that I was able to repair it—had put into my hands for that purpose. It was one of those clumsy, old-fashioned, English pieces known generally as Tower Hill muskets, and, for aught I know, might have been left on the island by Wallace, Carteret, Cook, or Vancouver. The stock was half rotten and worm-eaten; the lock was as rusty98 and about as well adapted to its ostensible99 purpose as an old door-hinge; the threading of the screws about the trigger was completely worn away; while the barrel shook in the wood. Such was the weapon the chief desired me to restore to its original condition. As I did not possess the accomplishments100 of a gunsmith, and was likewise destitute101 of the necessary tools, I was reluctantly obliged to signify my inability to perform the task. At this unexpected communication Mehevi regarded me, for a moment, as if he half suspected I was some inferior sort of white man, who after all did not know much more than a Typee. However, after a most laboured explanation of the matter, I succeeded in making him understand the extreme difficulty of the task. Scarcely satisfied with my apologies, however, he marched off with the superannuated102 musket in something of a huff, as if he would no longer expose it to the indignity103 of being manipulated by such unskilful fingers.
During the festival I had not failed to remark the simplicity of manner, the freedom from all restraint, and, to certain degree, the equality of condition manifested by the natives in general. No one appeared to assume any arrogant104 pretensions105. There was little more than a slight difference in costume to distinguish the chiefs from the other natives. All appeared to mix together freely, and without any reserve; although I noticed that the wishes of a chief, even when delivered in the mildest tone, received the same immediate59 obedience106 which elsewhere would have been only accorded to a peremptory107 command. What may be the extent of the authority of the chiefs over the rest of the tribe, I will not venture to assert; but from all I saw during my stay in the valley, I was induced to believe that in matters concerning the general welfare it was very limited. The required degree of deference108 towards them, however, was willingly and cheerfully yielded; and as all authority is transmitted from father to son, I have no doubt that one of the effects here, as elsewhere, of high birth, is to induce respect and obedience.
The civil institutions of the Marquesas Islands appear to be in this, as in other respects, directly the reverse of those of the Tahitian and Hawaiian groups, where the original power of the king and chiefs was far more despotic than that of any tyrant109 in civilized countries. At Tahiti it used to be death for one of the inferior orders to approach, without permission, under the shadow, of the king’s house; or to fail in paying the customary reverence110 when food destined111 for the king was borne past them by his messengers. At the Sandwich Islands, Kaahumanu, the gigantic old dowager queen—a woman of nearly four hundred pounds weight, and who is said to be still living at Mowee—was accustomed, in some of her terrific gusts112 of temper, to snatch up an ordinary sized man who had offended her, and snap his spine113 across her knee. Incredible as this may seem, it is a fact. While at Lahainaluna—the residence of this monstrous114 Jezebel—a humpbacked wretch41 was pointed115 out to me, who, some twenty-five years previously, had had the vertebrae of his backbone116 very seriously discomposed by his gentle mistress.
The particular grades of rank existing among the chiefs of Typee, I could not in all cases determine. Previous to the Feast of Calabashes I had been puzzled what particular station to assign to Mehevi. But the important part he took upon that occasion convinced me that he had no superior among the inhabitants of the valley. I had invariably noticed a certain degree of deference paid to him by all with whom I had ever seen him brought in contact; but when I remembered that my wanderings had been confined to a limited portion of the valley, and that towards the sea a number of distinguished chiefs resided, some of whom had separately visited me at Marheyo’s house, and whom, until the Festival, I had never seen in the company of Mehevi, I felt disposed to believe that his rank after all might not be particularly elevated.
The revels, however, had brought together all the warriors117 whom I had seen individually and in groups at different times and places. Among them Mehevi moved with an easy air of superiority which was not to be mistaken; and he whom I had only looked at as the hospitable118 host of the Ti, and one of the military leaders of the tribe, now assumed in my eyes the dignity of royal station. His striking costume, no less than his naturally commanding figure, seemed indeed to give him pre-eminence over the rest. The towering helmet of feathers that he wore raised him in height above all who surrounded him; and though some others were similarly adorned, the length and luxuriance of their plumes119 were inferior to his.
Mehevi was in fact the greatest of the chiefs—the head of his clan—the sovereign of the valley; and the simplicity of the social institutions of the people could not have been more completely proved than by the fact, that after having been several weeks in the valley, and almost in daily intercourse with Mehevi, I should have remained until the time of the festival ignorant of his regal character. But a new light had now broken in upon me. The Ti was the palace—and Mehevi the king. Both the one and the other of a most simple and patriarchal nature: it must be allowed, and wholly unattended by the ceremonious pomp which usually surrounds the purple.
After having made this discovery I could not avoid congratulating myself that Mehevi had from the first taken me as it were under his royal protection, and that he still continued to entertain for me the warmest regard, as far at least as I was enabled to judge from appearances. For the future I determined120 to pay most assiduous court to him, hoping that eventually through his kindness I might obtain my liberty.
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1
complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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cosmetic
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| n.化妆品；adj.化妆用的；装门面的；装饰性的 | |
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ointment
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| n.药膏，油膏，软膏 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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mar
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| vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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8
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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revels
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| n.作乐( revel的名词复数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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12
blemishes
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| n.（身体的）瘢点( blemish的名词复数 )；伤疤；瑕疵；污点 | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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exemption
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| n.豁免，免税额，免除 | |
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exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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18
promenade
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| n./v.散步 | |
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artifices
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| n.灵巧( artifice的名词复数 )；诡计；巧妙办法；虚伪行为 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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calves
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| n.(calf的复数)笨拙的男子，腓；腿肚子( calf的名词复数 )；牛犊；腓；小腿肚v.生小牛( calve的第三人称单数 )；（冰川）崩解；生（小牛等），产（犊）；使（冰川）崩解 | |
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jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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garnished
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| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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middle-aged
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| adj.中年的 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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uncommonly
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| adv. 稀罕(极，非常) | |
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diminutive
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| adj.小巧可爱的，小的 | |
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maturity
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| n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期 | |
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ripening
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的现在分词 )；熟化；熟成 | |
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ripen
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| vt.使成熟；vi.成熟 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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favourably
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| adv. 善意地，赞成地 =favorably | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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aggravated
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| 使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使更严重； 激怒； 使恼火 | |
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vat
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| n.(=value added tax)增值税，大桶 | |
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tenants
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| n.房客( tenant的名词复数 )；佃户；占用者；占有者 | |
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barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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42
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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43
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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44
radical
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| n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的 | |
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45
credible
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| adj.可信任的，可靠的 | |
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46
clans
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| 宗族( clan的名词复数 )； 氏族； 庞大的家族； 宗派 | |
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47
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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48
hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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49
complexions
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| 肤色( complexion的名词复数 )； 面色； 局面； 性质 | |
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50
mantling
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| 覆巾 | |
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51
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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52
exclusion
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| n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行 | |
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53
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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54
habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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55
canopy
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| n.天篷，遮篷 | |
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56
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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57
deviating
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| v.偏离，越轨( deviate的现在分词 ) | |
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58
hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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59
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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60
unripe
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| adj.未成熟的；n.未成熟 | |
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61
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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62
cuticle
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| n.表皮 | |
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63
reeking
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| v.发出浓烈的臭气( reek的现在分词 )；散发臭气；发出难闻的气味 (of sth)；明显带有（令人不快或生疑的跡象） | |
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prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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wondrously
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| adv.惊奇地，非常，极其 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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descried
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| adj.被注意到的，被发现的，被看到的 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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animation
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| n.活泼，兴奋，卡通片／动画片的制作 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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mariner
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| n.水手号不载人航天探测器，海员，航海者 | |
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frigate
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| n.护航舰，大型驱逐舰 | |
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smitten
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| 猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去分词 ) | |
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voluptuous
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| adj.肉欲的，骄奢淫逸的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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peculiarity
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| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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muskets
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| n.火枪，（尤指）滑膛枪( musket的名词复数 ) | |
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implements
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| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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battered
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| adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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peculiarities
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| n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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rusty
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| adj.生锈的；锈色的；荒废了的 | |
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ostensible
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| adj.(指理由)表面的，假装的 | |
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accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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superannuated
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| adj.老朽的，退休的；v.因落后于时代而废除，勒令退学 | |
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103
indignity
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| n.侮辱，伤害尊严，轻蔑 | |
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arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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pretensions
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| 自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力 | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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107
peremptory
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| adj.紧急的，专横的，断然的 | |
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108
deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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109
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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111
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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112
gusts
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| 一阵强风( gust的名词复数 )； （怒、笑等的）爆发； （感情的）迸发； 发作 | |
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spine
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| n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊 | |
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114
monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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115
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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116
backbone
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| n.脊骨，脊柱，骨干；刚毅，骨气 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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118
hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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119
plumes
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| 羽毛( plume的名词复数 )； 羽毛饰； 羽毛状物； 升上空中的羽状物 | |
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120
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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