KING MEHEVI!—A goodly sounding title—and why should I not bestow6 it upon the foremost man in the valley of Typee? The republican missionaries7 of Oahu cause to be gazetted in the Court Journal, published at Honolulu, the most trivial movement of ‘his gracious majesty’ King Kammehammaha III, and ‘their highnesses the princes of the blood royal’.* And who is his ‘gracious majesty’, and what the quality of this blood royal’?—His ‘gracious majesty’ is a fat, lazy, negro-looking blockhead, with as little character as power. He has lost the noble traits of the barbarian8, without acquiring the redeeming9 graces of a civilized11 being; and, although a member of the Hawiian Temperance Society, is a most inveterate12 dram-drinker.
*Accounts like these are sometimes copied into English and American journals. They lead the reader to infer that the arts and customs of civilized life are rapidly refining the natives of the Sandwich Islands. But let no one be deceived by these accounts. The chiefs swagger about in gold lace and broadcloth, while the great mass of the common people are nearly as primitive13 in their appearance as in the days of Cook. In the progress of events at these islands, the two classes are receding14 from each other; the chiefs are daily becoming more luxurious15 and extravagant16 in their style of living, and the common people more and more destitute17 of the necessaries and decencies of life. But the end to which both will arrive at last will be the same: the one are fast destroying themselves by sensual indulgences, and the other are fast being destroyed by a complication of disorders18, and the want of wholesome19 food. The resources of the domineering chiefs are wrung20 from the starving serfs, and every additional bauble21 with which they bedeck themselves is purchased by the sufferings of their bondsmen; so that the measure of gew-gaw refinement22 attained23 by the chiefs is only an index to the actual state in which the greater portion of the population lie grovelling24.
The ‘blood royal’ is an extremely thick, depraved fluid; formed principally of raw fish, bad brandy, and European sweetmeats, and is charged with a variety of eruptive humours, which are developed in sundry25 blotches26 and pimples27 upon the august face of ‘majesty itself’, and the angelic countenances28 of the ‘princes and princesses of the blood royal’!
Now, if the farcical puppet of a chief magistrate29 in the Sandwich Islands be allowed the title of King, why should it be withheld30 from the noble savage31 Mehevi, who is a thousand times more worthy32 of the appellation33? All hail, therefore, Mehevi, King of the Cannibal Valley, and long life and prosperity to his Typeean majesty! May Heaven for many a year preserve him, the uncompromising foe34 of Nukuheva and the French, if a hostile attitude will secure his lovely domain35 from the remorseless inflictions of South Sea civilization.
Previously36 to seeing the Dancing Widows I had little idea that there were any matrimonial relations subsisting37 in Typee, and I should as soon have thought of a Platonic38 affection being cultivated between the sexes, as of the solemn connection of man and wife. To be sure, there were old Marheyo and Tinor, who seemed to have a sort of nuptial39 understanding with one another; but for all that, I had sometimes observed a comical-looking old gentleman dressed in a suit of shabby tattooing40, who had the audacity41 to take various liberties with the lady, and that too in the very presence of the old warrior42 her husband, who looked on as good-naturedly as if nothing was happening. This behaviour, until subsequent discoveries enlightened me, puzzled me more than anything else I witnessed in Typee.
As for Mehevi, I had supposed him a confirmed bachelor, as well as most of the principal chiefs. At any rate, if they had wives and families, they ought to have been ashamed of themselves; for sure I am, they never troubled themselves about any domestic affairs. In truth, Mehevi seemed to be the president of a club of hearty43 fellows, who kept ‘Bachelor’s Hall’ in fine style at the Ti. I had no doubt but that they regarded children as odious44 incumbrances; and their ideas of domestic felicity were sufficiently45 shown in the fact, that they allowed no meddlesome46 housekeepers47 to turn topsy-turvy those snug48 little arrangements they had made in their comfortable dwelling4. I strongly suspected however, that some of these jolly bachelors were carrying on love intrigues49 with the maidens50 of the tribe; although they did not appear publicly to acknowledge them. I happened to pop upon Mehevi three or four times when he was romping—in a most undignified manner for a warrior king—with one of the prettiest little witches in the valley. She lived with an old woman and a young man, in a house near Marheyo’s; and although in appearance a mere51 child herself, had a noble boy about a year old, who bore a marvellous resemblance to Mehevi, whom I should certainly have believed to have been the father, were it not that the little fellow had no triangle on his face—but on second thoughts, tattooing is not hereditary52. Mehevi, however, was not the only person upon whom the damsel Moonoony smiled—the young fellow of fifteen, who permanently53 resided in the home with her, was decidedly in her good graces. I sometimes beheld54 both him and the chief making love at the same time. Is it possible, thought I, that the valiant55 warrior can consent to give up a corner in the thing he loves? This too was a mystery which, with others of the same kind, was afterwards satisfactorily explained.
During the second day of the Feast of Calabashes, Kory-Kory—being determined57 that I should have some understanding on these matters—had, in the course of his explanations, directed my attention to a peculiarity58 I had frequently remarked among many of the females;—principally those of a mature age and rather matronly appearance. This consisted in having the right hand and the left foot most elaborately tattooed59; whilst the rest of the body was wholly free from the operation of the art, with the exception of the minutely dotted lips and slight marks on the shoulders, to which I have previously referred as comprising the sole tattooing exhibited by Fayaway, in common with other young girls of her age. The hand and foot thus embellished60 were, according to Kory-Kory, the distinguishing badge of wedlock61, so far as that social and highly commendable62 institution is known among those people. It answers, indeed, the same purpose as the plain gold ring worn by our fairer spouses63.
After Kory-Kory’s explanation of the subject, I was for some time studiously respectful in the presence of all females thus distinguished64, and never ventured to indulge in the slightest approach to flirtation65 with any of their number. Married women, to be sure!—I knew better than to offend them.
A further insight, however, into the peculiar domestic customs of the inmates66 of the valley did away in a measure with the severity of my scruples67, and convinced me that I was deceived in some at least of my conclusions. A regular system of polygamy exists among the islanders; but of a most extraordinary nature,—a plurality of husbands, instead of wives! and this solitary68 fact speaks volumes for the gentle disposition69 of the male population.
Where else, indeed, could such a practice exist, even for a single day?—Imagine a revolution brought about in a Turkish seraglio, and the harem rendered the abode70 of bearded men; or conceive some beautiful woman in our own country running distracted at the sight of her numerous lovers murdering one another before her eyes, out of jealousy71 for the unequal distribution of her favours!—Heaven defend us from such a state of things!—We are scarcely amiable72 and forbearing enough to submit to it.
I was not able to learn what particular ceremony was observed in forming the marriage contract, but am inclined to think that it must have been of a very simple nature. Perhaps the mere ‘popping the question’, as it is termed with us, might have been followed by an immediate73 nuptial alliance. At any rate, I have more than one reason to believe that tedious courtships are unknown in the valley of Typee.
The males considerably74 outnumber the females. This holds true of many of the islands of Polynesia, although the reverse of what is the case in most civilized countries. The girls are first wooed and won, at a very tender age, by some stripling in the household in which they reside. This, however, is a mere frolic of the affections, and no formal engagement is contracted. By the time this first love has a little subsided75, a second suitor presents himself, of graver years, and carries both boy and girl away to his own habitation. This disinterested76 and generous-hearted fellow now weds77 the young couple—marrying damsel and lover at the same time—and all three thenceforth live together as harmoniously79 as so many turtles. I have heard of some men who in civilized countries rashly marry large families with their wives, but had no idea that there was any place where people married supplementary80 husbands with them. Infidelity on either side is very rare. No man has more than one wife, and no wife of mature years has less than two husbands,—sometimes she has three, but such instances are not frequent. The marriage tie, whatever it may be, does not appear to be indissoluble; for separations occasionally happen. These, however, when they do take place, produce no unhappiness, and are preceded by no bickerings; for the simple reason, that an ill-used wife or a henpecked husband is not obliged to file a bill in Chancery to obtain a divorce. As nothing stands in the way of a separation, the matrimonial yoke81 sits easily and lightly, and a Typee wife lives on very pleasant and sociable82 terms with her husband. On the whole, wedlock, as known among these Typees, seems to be of a more distinct and enduring nature than is usually the case with barbarous people. A baneful83 promiscuous84 intercourse85 of the sexes is hereby avoided, and virtue86, without being clamorously invoked87, is, as it were, unconsciously practised.
The contrast exhibited between the Marquesas and other islands of the Pacific in this respect, is worthy of being noticed. At Tahiti the marriage tie was altogether unknown; and the relation of husband and wife, father and son, could hardly be said to exist. The Arreory Society—one of the most singular institutions that ever existed in any part of the world—spread universal licentiousness88 over the island. It was the voluptuous89 character of these people which rendered the disease introduced among them by De Bougainville’s ships, in 1768, doubly destructive. It visited them like a plague, sweeping90 them off by hundreds.
Notwithstanding the existence of wedlock among the Typees, the Scriptural injunction to increase and multiply seems to be but indifferently attended to. I never saw any of those large families in arithmetical or step-ladder progression which one often meets with at home. I never knew of more than two youngsters living together in the same home, and but seldom even that number. As for the women, it was very plain that the anxieties of the nursery but seldom disturbed the serenity91 of their souls; and they were never seen going about the valley with half a score of little ones tagging at their apron-strings, or rather at the bread-fruit-leaf they usually wore in the rear.
The ratio of increase among all the Polynesian nations is very small; and in some places as yet uncorrupted by intercourse with Europeans, the births would appear not very little to outnumber the deaths; the population in such instances remaining nearly the same for several successive generations, even upon those islands seldom or never desolated92 by wars, and among people with whom the crime of infanticide is altogether unknown. This would seem expressively93 ordained94 by Providence95 to prevent the overstocking of the islands with a race too indolent to cultivate the ground, and who, for that reason alone, would, by any considerable increase in their numbers, be exposed to the most deplorable misery96. During the entire period of my stay in the valley of Typee, I never saw more than ten or twelve children under the age of six months, and only became aware of two births.
It is to the absence of the marriage tie that the late rapid decrease of the population of the Sandwich Islands and of Tahiti is in part to be ascribed. The vices98 and diseases introduced among these unhappy people annually99 swell100 the ordinary mortality of the islands, while, from the same cause, the originally small number of births is proportionally decreased. Thus the progress of the Hawaiians and Tahitians to utter extinction101 is accelerated in a sort of compound ratio.
I have before had occasion to remark, that I never saw any of the ordinary signs of a pace of sepulture in the valley, a circumstance which I attributed, at the time, to my living in a particular part of it, and being forbidden to extend my rambles102 to any considerable distance towards the sea. I have since thought it probable, however, that the Typees, either desirous of removing from their sight the evidences of mortality, or prompted by a taste for rural beauty, may have some charming cemetery103 situation in the shadowy recesses104 along the base of the mountains. At Nukuheva, two or three large quadrangular ‘pi-pis’, heavily flagged, enclosed with regular stone walls, and shaded over and almost hidden from view by the interlacing branches of enormous trees, were pointed105 out to me as burial-places. The bodies, I understood, were deposited in rude vaults106 beneath the flagging, and were suffered to remain there without being disinterred. Although nothing could be more strange and gloomy than the aspect of these places, where the lofty trees threw their dark shadows over rude blocks of stone, a stranger looking at them would have discerned none of the ordinary evidences of a place of sepulture.
During my stay in the valley, as none of its inmates were so accommodating as to die and be buried in order to gratify my curiosity with regard to their funeral rites107, I was reluctantly obliged to remain in ignorance of them. As I have reason to believe, however, the observances of the Typees in these matters are the same with those of all the other tribes in the island, I will here relate a scene I chanced to witness at Nukuheva.
A young man had died, about daybreak, in a house near the beach. I had been sent ashore108 that morning, and saw a good deal of the preparations they were making for his obsequies. The body, neatly109 wrapped in a new white tappa, was laid out in an open shed of cocoanut boughs110, upon a bier constructed of elastic111 bamboos ingeniously twisted together. This was supported about two feet from the ground, by large canes112 planted uprightly in the earth. Two females, of a dejected appearance, watched by its side, plaintively113 chanting and beating the air with large grass fans whitened with pipe-clay. In the dwelling-house adjoining a numerous company we assembled, and various articles of food were being prepared for consumption. Two or three individuals, distinguished by head-dresses of beautiful tappa, and wearing a great number of ornaments114, appeared to officiate as masters of the ceremonies. By noon the entertainment had fairly begun and we were told that it would last during the whole of the two following days. With the exception of those who mourned by the corpse115, every one seemed disposed to drown the sense of the late bereavement116 in convivial117 indulgence. The girls, decked out in their savage finery, danced; the old men chanted; the warriors118 smoked and chatted; and the young and lusty, of both sexes, feasted plentifully119, and seemed to enjoy themselves as pleasantly as they could have done had it been a wedding.
The islanders understand the art of embalming, and practise it with such success that the bodies of their great chiefs are frequently preserved for many years in the very houses where they died. I saw three of these in my visit to the Bay of Tior. One was enveloped120 in immense folds of tappa, with only the face exposed, and hung erect121 against the side of the dwelling. The others were stretched out upon biers of bamboo, in open, elevated temples, which seemed consecrated122 to their memory. The heads of enemies killed in battle are invariably preserved and hung up as trophies123 in the house of the conqueror124. I am not acquainted with the process which is in use, but believe that fumigation125 is the principal agency employed. All the remains126 which I saw presented the appearance of a ham after being suspended for some time in a smoky chimney.
But to return from the dead to the living. The late festival had drawn127 together, as I had every reason to believe, the whole population of the vale, and consequently I was enabled to make some estimate with regard to its numbers. I should imagine that there were about two thousand inhabitants in Typee; and no number could have been better adapted to the extent of the valley. The valley is some nine miles in length, and may average one in breadth; the houses being distributed at wide intervals128 throughout its whole extent, principally, however, towards the head of the vale. There are no villages; the houses stand here and there in the shadow of the groves129, or are scattered130 along the banks of the winding131 stream; their golden-hued bamboo sides and gleaming white thatch132 forming a beautiful contrast to the perpetual verdure in which they are embowered. There are no roads of any kind in the valley. Nothing but a labyrinth133 of footpaths134 twisting and turning among the thickets135 without end.
The penalty of the Fall presses very lightly upon the valley of Typee; for, with the one solitary exception of striking a light, I scarcely saw any piece of work performed there which caused the sweat to stand upon a single brow. As for digging and delving136 for a livelihood137, the thing is altogether unknown. Nature has planted the bread-fruit and the banana, and in her own good time she brings them to maturity138, when the idle savage stretches forth78 his hand, and satisfies his appetite.
Ill-fated people! I shudder139 when I think of the change a few years will produce in their paradisaical abode; and probably when the most destructive vices, and the worst attendances on civilization, shall have driven all peace and happiness from the valley, the magnanimous French will proclaim to the world that the Marquesas Islands have been converted to Christianity! and this the Catholic world will doubtless consider as a glorious event. Heaven help the ‘Isles of the Sea’!—The sympathy which Christendom feels for them, has, alas141! in too many instances proved their bane.
How little do some of these poor islanders comprehend when they look around them, that no inconsiderable part of their disasters originate in certain tea-party excitements, under the influence of which benevolent-looking gentlemen in white cravats142 solicit143 alms, and old ladies in spectacles, and young ladies in sober russet gowns, contribute sixpences towards the creation of a fund, the object of which is to ameliorate the spiritual condition of the Polynesians, but whose end has almost invariably been to accomplish their temporal destruction!
Let the savages144 be civilized, but civilize10 them with benefits, and not with evils; and let heathenism be destroyed, but not by destroying the heathen. The Anglo-Saxon hive have extirpated145 Paganism from the greater part of the North American continent; but with it they have likewise extirpated the greater portion of the Red race. Civilization is gradually sweeping from the earth the lingering vestiges146 of Paganism, and at the same time the shrinking forms of its unhappy worshippers.
Among the islands of Polynesia, no sooner are the images overturned, the temples demolished147, and the idolators converted into NOMINAL148 Christians149, that disease, vice97, and premature150 death make their appearance. The depopulated land is then recruited from the rapacious151, hordes152 of enlightened individuals who settle themselves within its borders, and clamorously announce the progress of the Truth. Neat villas153, trim gardens, shaven lawns, spires154, and cupolas arise, while the poor savage soon finds himself an interloper in the country of his fathers, and that too on the very site of the hut where he was born. The spontaneous fruits of the earth, which God in his wisdom had ordained for the support of the indolent natives, remorselessly seized upon and appropriated by the stranger, are devoured155 before the eyes of the starving inhabitants, or sent on board the numerous vessels156 which now touch at their shores.
When the famished157 wretches158 are cut off in this manner from their natural supplies, they are told by their benefactors159 to work and earn their support by the sweat of their brows! But to no fine gentleman born to hereditary opulence160, does this manual labour come more unkindly than to the luxurious Indian when thus robbed of the bounty161 of heaven. Habituated to a life of indolence, he cannot and will not exert himself; and want, disease, and vice, all evils of foreign growth, soon terminate his miserable162 existence.
But what matters all this? Behold163 the glorious result!—The abominations of Paganism have given way to the pure rites of the Christian140 worship,—the ignorant savage has been supplanted164 by the refined European! Look at Honolulu, the metropolis165 of the Sandwich Islands!—A community of disinterested merchants, and devoted166 self-exiled heralds167 of the Cross, located on the very spot that twenty years ago was defiled168 by the presence of idolatry. What a subject for an eloquent169 Bible-meeting orator170! Nor has such an opportunity for a display of missionary rhetoric171 been allowed to pass by unimproved!—But when these philanthropists send us such glowing accounts of one half of their labours, why does their modesty172 restrain them from publishing the other half of the good they have wrought173?—Not until I visited Honolulu was I aware of the fact that the small remnant of the natives had been civilized into draught-horses; and evangelized into beasts of burden. But so it is. They have been literally174 broken into the traces, and are harnessed to the vehicles of their spiritual instructors175 like so many dumb brutes176!
. . . . . . .
Lest the slightest misconception should arise from anything thrown out in this chapter, or indeed in any other part of the volume, let me here observe that against the cause of missions in, the abstract no Christian can possibly be opposed: it is in truth a just and holy cause. But if the great end proposed by it be spiritual, the agency employed to accomplish that end is purely177 earthly; and, although the object in view be the achievement of much good, that agency may nevertheless be productive of evil. In short, missionary undertaking178, however it may blessed of heaven, is in itself but human; and subject, like everything else, to errors and abuses. And have not errors and abuses crept into the most sacred places, and may there not be unworthy or incapable179 missionaries abroad, as well as ecclesiastics180 of similar character at home? May not the unworthiness or incapacity of those who assume apostolic functions upon the remote islands of the sea more easily escape detection by the world at large than if it were displayed in the heart of a city? An unwarranted confidence in the sanctity of its apostles—a proneness181 to regard them as incapable of guile—and an impatience182 of the least suspicion to their rectitude as men or Christians, have ever been prevailing183 faults in the Church. Nor is this to be wondered at: for subject as Christianity is to the assaults of unprincipled foes184, we are naturally disposed to regard everything like an exposure of ecclesiastical misconduct as the offspring of malevolence185 or irreligious feeling. Not even this last consideration, however shall deter56 me from the honest expression of my sentiments.
There is something apparently186 wrong in the practical operations of the Sandwich Islands Mission. Those who from pure religious motives187 contribute to the support of this enterprise should take care to ascertain188 that their donations, flowing through many devious189 channels, at last effect their legitimate190 object, the conversion191 of the Hawaiians. I urge this not because I doubt the moral probity192 of those who disburse193 the funds, but because I know that they are not rightly applied194. To read pathetic accounts of missionary hardships, and glowing descriptions of conversion, and baptisms, taking place beneath palm-trees, is one thing; and to go to the Sandwich Islands and see the missionaries dwelling in picturesque195 and prettily196 furnished coral-rock villas, whilst the miserable natives are committing all sorts of immorality197 around them, is quite another.
In justice to the missionaries, however, I will willingly admit, that where-ever evils may have resulted from their collective mismanagement of the business of the mission, and from the want of vital piety198 evinced by some of their number, still the present deplorable condition of the Sandwich Islands is by no means wholly chargeable against them. The demoralizing influence of a dissolute foreign population, and the frequent visits of all descriptions of vessels, have tended not a little to increase the evils alluded199 to. In a word, here, as in every case where civilization has in any way been introduced among those whom we call savages, she has scattered her vices, and withheld her blessings200.
As wise a man as Shakespeare has said, that the bearer of evil tidings hath but a losing office; and so I suppose will it prove with me, in communicating to the trusting friends of the Hawiian Mission what has been disclosed in various portions of this narrative201. I am persuaded, however, that as these disclosures will by their very nature attract attention, so they will lead to something which will not be without ultimate benefit to the cause of Christianity in the Sandwich Islands.
I have but one more thing to add in connection with this subject—those things which I have stated as facts will remain facts, in spite of whatever the bigoted202 or incredulous may say or write against them. My reflections, however, on those facts may not be free from error. If such be the case, I claim no further indulgence than should be conceded to every man whose object is to do good.
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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embalming
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| v.保存（尸体）不腐( embalm的现在分词 )；使不被遗忘；使充满香气 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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missionary
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| adj.教会的，传教(士)的；n.传教士 | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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missionaries
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| n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
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barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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redeeming
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| 补偿的，弥补的 | |
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civilize
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| vt.使文明，使开化 (=civilise) | |
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civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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receding
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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disorders
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| n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调 | |
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wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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wrung
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| 绞( wring的过去式和过去分词 )； 握紧（尤指别人的手）； 把（湿衣服）拧干； 绞掉（水） | |
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bauble
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| n.美观而无价值的饰物 | |
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refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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grovelling
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| adj.卑下的，奴颜婢膝的v.卑躬屈节，奴颜婢膝( grovel的现在分词 )；趴 | |
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sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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blotches
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| n.（皮肤上的）红斑，疹块( blotch的名词复数 )；大滴 [大片]（墨水或颜色的）污渍 | |
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pimples
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| n.丘疹，粉刺，小脓疱( pimple的名词复数 ) | |
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countenances
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| n.面容( countenance的名词复数 )；表情；镇静；道义支持 | |
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magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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withheld
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| withhold过去式及过去分词 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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appellation
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| n.名称，称呼 | |
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34
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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35
domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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36
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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37
subsisting
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| v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的现在分词 ) | |
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38
platonic
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| adj.精神的；柏拉图（哲学）的 | |
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39
nuptial
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| adj.婚姻的，婚礼的 | |
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40
tattooing
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| n.刺字，文身v.刺青，文身( tattoo的现在分词 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击 | |
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41
audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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42
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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43
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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44
odious
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| adj.可憎的，讨厌的 | |
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45
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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46
meddlesome
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| adj.爱管闲事的 | |
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47
housekeepers
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| n.（女）管家( housekeeper的名词复数 ) | |
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48
snug
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| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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49
intrigues
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| n.密谋策划( intrigue的名词复数 )；神秘气氛；引人入胜的复杂情节v.搞阴谋诡计( intrigue的第三人称单数 )；激起…的好奇心 | |
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50
maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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51
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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52
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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53
permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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54
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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55
valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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56
deter
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| vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住 | |
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57
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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58
peculiarity
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| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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59
tattooed
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| v.刺青，文身( tattoo的过去式和过去分词 )；连续有节奏地敲击；作连续有节奏的敲击 | |
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60
embellished
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| v.美化( embellish的过去式和过去分词 )；装饰；修饰；润色 | |
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61
wedlock
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| n.婚姻，已婚状态 | |
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62
commendable
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| adj.值得称赞的 | |
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63
spouses
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| n.配偶，夫或妻( spouse的名词复数 ) | |
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64
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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65
flirtation
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| n.调情，调戏，挑逗 | |
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66
inmates
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| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
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67
scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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68
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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69
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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70
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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71
jealousy
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|
| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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72
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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73
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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74
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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75
subsided
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的过去式和过去分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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76
disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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77
weds
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| v.嫁，娶，（与…）结婚( wed的第三人称单数 ) | |
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78
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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79
harmoniously
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| 和谐地，调和地 | |
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80
supplementary
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| adj.补充的，附加的 | |
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81
yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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82
sociable
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|
| adj.好交际的，友好的，合群的 | |
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83
baneful
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| adj.有害的 | |
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84
promiscuous
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|
| adj.杂乱的，随便的 | |
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85
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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86
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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87
invoked
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|
| v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求 | |
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88
licentiousness
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| n.放肆，无法无天 | |
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89
voluptuous
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|
| adj.肉欲的，骄奢淫逸的 | |
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90
sweeping
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|
| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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91
serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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92
desolated
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| adj.荒凉的，荒废的 | |
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93
expressively
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| ad.表示(某事物)地；表达地 | |
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94
ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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95
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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96
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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97
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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98
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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99
annually
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|
| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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100
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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101
extinction
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| n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种 | |
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102
rambles
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| （无目的地）漫游( ramble的第三人称单数 )； （喻）漫谈； 扯淡； 长篇大论 | |
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103
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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104
recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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105
pointed
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|
| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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106
vaults
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| n.拱顶( vault的名词复数 )；地下室；撑物跳高；墓穴 | |
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107
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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108
ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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109
neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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110
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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111
elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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112
canes
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| n.（某些植物，如竹或甘蔗的）茎( cane的名词复数 )；（用于制作家具等的）竹竿；竹杖 | |
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113
plaintively
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| adv.悲哀地，哀怨地 | |
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114
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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115
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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116
bereavement
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| n.亲人丧亡，丧失亲人，丧亲之痛 | |
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117
convivial
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| adj.狂欢的，欢乐的 | |
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118
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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119
plentifully
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| adv. 许多地，丰饶地 | |
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120
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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121
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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122
consecrated
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| adj.神圣的，被视为神圣的v.把…奉为神圣，给…祝圣( consecrate的过去式和过去分词 )；奉献 | |
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123
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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124
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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125
fumigation
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| n.烟熏，熏蒸；忿恨 | |
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126
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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127
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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128
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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129
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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130
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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131
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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132
thatch
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| vt.用茅草覆盖…的顶部；n.茅草(屋) | |
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133
labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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134
footpaths
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| 人行小径，人行道( footpath的名词复数 ) | |
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135
thickets
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| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
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136
delving
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| v.深入探究，钻研( delve的现在分词 ) | |
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137
livelihood
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| n.生计，谋生之道 | |
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138
maturity
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| n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期 | |
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139
shudder
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| v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动 | |
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140
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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141
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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142
cravats
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| n.（系在衬衫衣领里面的）男式围巾( cravat的名词复数 ) | |
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143
solicit
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| vi.勾引；乞求；vt.请求，乞求；招揽(生意) | |
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144
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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145
extirpated
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| v.消灭，灭绝( extirpate的过去式和过去分词 )；根除 | |
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146
vestiges
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| 残余部分( vestige的名词复数 )； 遗迹； 痕迹； 毫不 | |
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147
demolished
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| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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148
nominal
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|
| adj.名义上的；(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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149
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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150
premature
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| adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的 | |
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151
rapacious
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| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
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152
hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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153
villas
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| 别墅，公馆( villa的名词复数 )； （城郊）住宅 | |
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154
spires
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| n.（教堂的） 塔尖，尖顶( spire的名词复数 ) | |
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155
devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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156
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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famished
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| adj.饥饿的 | |
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wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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benefactors
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| n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人 | |
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opulence
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| n.财富，富裕 | |
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bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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162
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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supplanted
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| 把…排挤掉，取代( supplant的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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166
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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167
heralds
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| n.使者( herald的名词复数 )；预报者；预兆；传令官v.预示( herald的第三人称单数 )；宣布（好或重要） | |
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168
defiled
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| v.玷污( defile的过去式和过去分词 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进 | |
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eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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170
orator
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| n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家 | |
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171
rhetoric
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| n.修辞学，浮夸之言语 | |
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172
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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173
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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174
literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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175
instructors
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| 指导者，教师( instructor的名词复数 ) | |
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176
brutes
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| 兽( brute的名词复数 )； 畜生； 残酷无情的人； 兽性 | |
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177
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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178
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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179
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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180
ecclesiastics
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| n.神职者，教会，牧师( ecclesiastic的名词复数 ) | |
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181
proneness
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| n.俯伏，倾向 | |
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182
impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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183
prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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184
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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185
malevolence
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| n.恶意，狠毒 | |
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186
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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187
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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188
ascertain
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| vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清 | |
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189
devious
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| adj.不坦率的，狡猾的；迂回的，曲折的 | |
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legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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191
conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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192
probity
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| n.刚直；廉洁，正直 | |
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193
disburse
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| v.支出，拨款 | |
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194
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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195
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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196
prettily
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| adv.优美地；可爱地 | |
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197
immorality
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| n. 不道德, 无道义 | |
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198
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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199
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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200
blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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201
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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202
bigoted
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| adj.固执己见的，心胸狭窄的 | |
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