I THINK I must enlighten the reader a little about the natural history of the valley.
Whence, in the name of Count Buffon and Baron5 Cuvier, came those dogs that I saw in Typee? Dogs!—Big hairless rats rather; all with smooth, shining speckled hides—fat sides, and very disagreeable faces. Whence could they have come? That they were not the indigenous6 production of the region, I am firmly convinced. Indeed they seemed aware of their being interlopers, looking fairly ashamed, and always trying to hide themselves in some dark corner. It was plain enough they did not feel at home in the vale—that they wished themselves well out of it, and back to the ugly country from which they must have come.
Scurvy7 curs! they were my abhorrence8; I should have liked nothing better than to have been the death of every one of them. In fact, on one occasion, I intimated the propriety9 of a canine10 crusade to Mehevi; but the benevolent11 king would not consent to it. He heard me very patiently; but when I had finished, shook his head, and told me in confidence that they were ‘taboo’.
As for the animal that made the fortune of the ex-lord-mayor Whittington, I shall never forget the day that I was lying in the house about noon, everybody else being fast asleep; and happening to raise my eyes, met those of a big black spectral12 cat, which sat erect13 in the doorway14, looking at me with its frightful15 goggling16 green orbs17, like one of those monstrous18 imps19 that torment20 some of Teniers’ saints! I am one of those unfortunate persons to whom the sight of these animals are, at any time an insufferable annoyance21.
Thus constitutionally averse22 to cats in general, the unexpected apparition23 of this one in particular utterly24 confounded me. When I had a little recovered from the fascination25 of its glance, I started up; the cat fled, and emboldened26 by this, I rushed out of the house in pursuit; but it had disappeared. It was the only time I ever saw one in the valley, and how it got there I cannot imagine. It is just possible that it might have escaped from one of the ships at Nukuheva. It was in vain to seek information on the subject from the natives, since none of them had seen the animal, the appearance of which remains27 a mystery to me to this day.
Among the few animals which are to be met with in Typee, there was none which I looked upon with more interest than a beautiful golden-hued species of lizard2. It measured perhaps five inches from head to tail, and was most gracefully28 proportioned. Numbers of those creatures were to be seen basking29 in the sunshine upon the thatching of the houses, and multitudes at all hours of the day showed their glittering sides as they ran frolicking between the spears of grass or raced in troops up and down the tall shafts31 of the cocoanut trees. But the remarkable32 beauty of these little animals and their lively ways were not their only claims upon my admiration33. They were perfectly34 tame and insensible to fear. Frequently, after seating myself upon the ground in some shady place during the heat of the day, I would be completely overrun with them. If I brushed one off my arm, it would leap perhaps into my hair: when I tried to frighten it away by gently pinching its leg, it would turn for protection to the very hand that attacked it.
The birds are also remarkably35 tame. If you happened to see one perched upon a branch within reach of your arm, and advanced towards it, it did not fly away immediately, but waited quietly looking at you, until you could almost touch it, and then took wing slowly, less alarmed at your presence, it would seem, than desirous of removing itself from your path. Had salt been less scarce in the valley than it was, this was the very place to have gone birding with it. I remember that once, on an uninhabited island of the Gallipagos, a bird alighted on my outstretched arm, while its mate chirped37 from an adjoining tree. Its tameness, far from shocking me, as a similar occurrence did Selkirk, imparted to me the most exquisite38 thrill of delight I ever experienced, and with somewhat of the same pleasure did I afterwards behold39 the birds and lizards of the valley show their confidence in the kindliness40 of man.
Among the numerous afflictions which the Europeans have entailed41 upon some of the natives of the South Seas, is the accidental introduction among them of that enemy of all repose42 and ruffler of even tempers—the Mosquito. At the Sandwich Islands and at two or three of the Society group, there are now thriving colonies of these insects, who promise ere long to supplant43 altogether the aboriginal44 sand-flies. They sting, buzz, and torment, from one end of the year to the other, and by incessantly45 exasperating46 the natives materially obstruct47 the benevolent labours of the missionaries48.
From this grievous visitation, however the Typees are as yet wholly exempt49; but its place is unfortunately in some degree supplied by the occasional presence of a minute species of fly, which, without stinging, is nevertheless productive of no little annoyance. The tameness of the birds and lizards is as nothing when compared to the fearless confidence of this insect. He will perch36 upon one of your eye-lashes, and go to roost there if you do not disturb him, or force his way through your hair, or along the cavity of the nostril50, till you almost fancy he is resolved to explore the very brain itself. On one occasion I was so inconsiderate as to yawn while a number of them were hovering51 around me. I never repeated the act. Some half-dozen darted52 into the open apartment, and began walking about its ceiling; the sensation was dreadful. I involuntarily closed my mouth, and the poor creatures being enveloped53 in inner darkness, must in their consternation54 have stumbled over my palate, and been precipitated55 into the gulf56 beneath. At any rate, though I afterwards charitably held my mouth open for at least five minutes, with a view of affording egress57 to the stragglers, none of them ever availed themselves of the opportunity.
There are no wild animals of any kind on the island unless it be decided58 that the natives themselves are such. The mountains and the interior present to the eye nothing but silent solitudes59, unbroken by the roar of beasts of prey60, and enlivened by few tokens even of minute animated61 existence. There are no venomous reptiles62, and no snakes of any description to be found in any of the valleys.
In a company of Marquesan natives the weather affords no topic of conversation. It can hardly be said to have any vicissitudes63. The rainy season, it is true, brings frequent showers, but they are intermitting and refreshing64. When an islander bound on some expedition rises from his couch in the morning, he is never solicitous65 to peep out and see how the sky looks, or ascertain66 from what quarter the wind blows. He is always sure of a ‘fine day’, and the promise of a few genial67 showers he hails with pleasure. There is never any of that ‘remarkable weather’ on the islands which from time immemorial has been experienced in America, and still continues to call forth68 the wondering conversational69 exclamations70 of its elderly citizens. Nor do there even occur any of those eccentric meteorological changes which elsewhere surprise us. In the valley of Typee ice-creams would never be rendered less acceptable by sudden frosts, nor would picnic parties be deferred71 on account of inauspicious snowstorms: for there day follows day in one unvarying round of summer and sunshine, and the whole year is one long tropical month of June just melting into July.
It is this genial climate which causes the cocoanuts to flourish as they do. This invaluable72 fruit, brought to perfection by the rich soil of the Marquesas, and home aloft on a stately column more than a hundred feet from the ground, would seem at first almost inaccessible73 to the simple natives. Indeed the slender, smooth, and soaring shaft30, without a single limb or protuberance of any kind to assist one in mounting it, presents an obstacle only to be overcome by the surprising agility74 and ingenuity75 of the islanders. It might be supposed that their indolence would lead them patiently to await the period when the ripened76 nuts, slowly parting from their stems, fall one by one to the ground. This certainly would be the case, were it not that the young fruit, encased in a soft green husk, with the incipient77 meat adhering in a jelly-like pellicle to its sides, and containing a bumper78 of the most delicious nectar, is what they chiefly prize. They have at least twenty different terms to express as many progressive stages in the growth of the nut. Many of them reject the fruit altogether except at a particular period of its growth, which, incredible as it may appear, they seemed to me to be able to ascertain within an hour or two. Others are still more capricious in their tastes; and after gathering79 together a heap of the nuts of all ages, and ingeniously tapping them, will first sip80 from one and then from another, as fastidiously as some delicate wine-bibber experimenting glass in hand among his dusty demi-johns of different vintages.
Some of the young men, with more flexible frames than their comrades, and perhaps with more courageous81 souls, had a way of walking up the trunk of the cocoanut trees which to me seemed little less than miraculous82; and when looking at them in the act, I experienced that curious perplexity a child feels when he beholds83 a fly moving feet uppermost along a ceiling.
I will endeavour to describe the way in which Narnee, a noble young chief, sometimes performed this feat84 for my peculiar85 gratification; but his preliminary performances must also be recorded. Upon my signifying my desire that he should pluck me the young fruit of some particular tree, the handsome savage86, throwing himself into a sudden attitude of surprise, feigns87 astonishment88 at the apparent absurdity89 of the request. Maintaining this position for a moment, the strange emotions depicted90 on his countenance91 soften92 down into one of humorous resignation to my will, and then looking wistfully up to the tufted top of the tree, he stands on tip-toe, straining his neck and elevating his arm, as though endeavouring to reach the fruit from the ground where he stands. As if defeated in this childish attempt, he now sinks to the earth despondingly, beating his breast in well-acted despair; and then, starting to his feet all at once, and throwing back his head, raises both hands, like a school-boy about to catch a falling ball. After continuing this for a moment or two, as if in expectation that the fruit was going to be tossed down to him by some good spirit in the tree-top, he turns wildly round in another fit of despair, and scampers93 off to the distance of thirty or forty yards. Here he remains awhile, eyeing the tree, the very picture of misery94; but the next moment, receiving, as it were, a flash of inspiration, he rushes again towards it, and clasping both arms about the trunk, with one elevated a little above the other, he presses the soles of his feet close together against the tree, extending his legs from it until they are nearly horizontal, and his body becomes doubled into an arch; then, hand over hand and foot over foot, he rises from the earth with steady rapidity, and almost before you are aware of it, has gained the cradled and embowered nest of nuts, and with boisterous95 glee flings the fruit to the ground.
This mode of walking the tree is only practicable where the trunk declines considerably96 from the perpendicular97. This, however, is almost always the case; some of the perfectly straight shafts of the trees leaning at an angle of thirty degrees.
The less active among the men, and many of the children of the valley have another method of climbing. They take a broad and stout98 piece of bark, and secure each end of it to their ankles, so that when the feet thus confined are extended apart, a space of little more than twelve inches is left between them. This contrivance greatly facilitates the act of climbing. The band pressed against the tree, and closely embracing it, yields a pretty firm support; while with the arms clasped about the trunk, and at regular intervals99 sustaining the body, the feet are drawn100 up nearly a yard at a time, and a corresponding elevation101 of the hands immediately succeeds. In this way I have seen little children, scarcely five years of age, fearlessly climbing the slender pole of a young cocoanut tree, and while hanging perhaps fifty feet from the ground, receiving the plaudits of their parents beneath, who clapped their hands, and encouraged them to mount still higher.
What, thought I, on first witnessing one of these exhibitions, would the nervous mothers of America and England say to a similar display of hardihood in any of their children? The Lacedemonian nation might have approved of it, but most modern dames102 would have gone into hysterics at the sight.
At the top of the cocoanut tree the numerous branches, radiating on all sides from a common centre, form a sort of green and waving basket, between the leaflets of which you just discern the nuts thickly clustering together, and on the loftier trees looking no bigger from the ground than bunches of grapes. I remember one adventurous103 little fellow—Too-Too was the rascal’s name—who had built himself a sort of aerial baby-house in the picturesque104 tuft of a tree adjoining Marheyo’s habitation. He used to spend hours there,—rustling among the branches, and shouting with delight every time the strong gusts105 of wind rushing down from the mountain side, swayed to and fro the tall and flexible column on which he was perched. Whenever I heard Too-Too’s musical voice sounding strangely to the ear from so great a height, and beheld106 him peeping down upon me from out his leafy covert107, he always recalled to my mind Dibdin’s lines—
‘There’s a sweet little cherub108 that sits up aloft,
To look out for the life of poor Jack109.’
Birds—bright and beautiful birds—fly over the valley of Typee. You see them perched aloft among the immovable boughs110 of the majestic111 bread-fruit trees, or gently swaying on the elastic112 branches of the Omoo; skimming over the palmetto thatching of the bamboo huts; passing like spirits on the wing through the shadows of the grove113, and sometimes descending114 into the bosom115 of the valley in gleaming flights from the mountains. Their plumage is purple and azure116, crimson117 and white, black and gold; with bills of every tint118: bright bloody119 red, jet black, and ivory white, and their eyes are bright and sparkling; they go sailing through the air in starry120 throngs121; but, alas122! the spell of dumbness is upon them all—there is not a single warbler in the valley!
I know not why it was, but the sight of these birds, generally the ministers of gladness, always oppressed me with melancholy123. As in their dumb beauty they hovered124 by me whilst I was walking, or looked down upon me with steady curious eyes from out the foliage125, I was almost inclined to fancy that they knew they were gazing upon a stranger, and that they commiserated126 his fate.
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1
lizards
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| n.蜥蜴( lizard的名词复数 ) | |
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lizard
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| n.蜥蜴，壁虎 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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agile
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| adj.敏捷的，灵活的 | |
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baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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indigenous
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| adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的 | |
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scurvy
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| adj.下流的，卑鄙的，无礼的；n.坏血病 | |
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abhorrence
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| n.憎恶；可憎恶的事 | |
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propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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canine
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| adj.犬的，犬科的 | |
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benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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spectral
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| adj.幽灵的，鬼魂的 | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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goggling
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| v.睁大眼睛瞪视， （惊讶的）转动眼珠( goggle的现在分词 ) | |
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orbs
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| abbr.off-reservation boarding school 在校寄宿学校n.球，天体，圆形物( orb的名词复数 ) | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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imps
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| n.（故事中的）小恶魔( imp的名词复数 )；小魔鬼；小淘气；顽童 | |
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torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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annoyance
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| n.恼怒，生气，烦恼 | |
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averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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emboldened
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| v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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basking
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| v.晒太阳，取暖( bask的现在分词 )；对…感到乐趣；因他人的功绩而出名；仰仗…的余泽 | |
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shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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perch
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| n.栖木，高位，杆；v.栖息，就位，位于 | |
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chirped
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| 鸟叫，虫鸣( chirp的过去式 ) | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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kindliness
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| n.厚道，亲切，友好的行为 | |
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entailed
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| 使…成为必要( entail的过去式和过去分词 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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supplant
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| vt.排挤；取代 | |
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aboriginal
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| adj.（指动植物）土生的，原产地的，土著的 | |
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incessantly
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| ad.不停地 | |
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46
exasperating
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| adj. 激怒的 动词exasperate的现在分词形式 | |
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obstruct
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| v.阻隔，阻塞(道路、通道等)；n.阻碍物，障碍物 | |
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missionaries
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| n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
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exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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50
nostril
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| n.鼻孔 | |
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51
hovering
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| 鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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52
darted
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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consternation
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| n.大为吃惊，惊骇 | |
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precipitated
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| v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的过去式和过去分词 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀 | |
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56
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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egress
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| n.出去；出口 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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solitudes
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| n.独居( solitude的名词复数 )；孤独；荒僻的地方；人迹罕至的地方 | |
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prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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reptiles
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| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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vicissitudes
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| n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废 | |
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refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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solicitous
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| adj.热切的，挂念的 | |
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ascertain
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| vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清 | |
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genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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conversational
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| adj.对话的，会话的 | |
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exclamations
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| n.呼喊( exclamation的名词复数 )；感叹；感叹语；感叹词 | |
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71
deferred
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| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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72
invaluable
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| adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 | |
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inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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agility
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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ripened
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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incipient
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| adj.起初的，发端的，初期的 | |
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bumper
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| n.(汽车上的)保险杠；adj.特大的，丰盛的 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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sip
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| v.小口地喝，抿，呷；n.一小口的量 | |
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courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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beholds
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| v.看，注视( behold的第三人称单数 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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feigns
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| 假装，伪装( feign的第三人称单数 )； 捏造（借口、理由等） | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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absurdity
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| n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 | |
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depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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soften
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| v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和 | |
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scampers
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| v.蹦蹦跳跳地跑，惊惶奔跑( scamper的第三人称单数 ) | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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boisterous
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| adj.喧闹的，欢闹的 | |
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considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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perpendicular
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| adj.垂直的，直立的；n.垂直线，垂直的位置 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的；惊心动魄的，惊险的，刺激的 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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gusts
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| 一阵强风( gust的名词复数 )； （怒、笑等的）爆发； （感情的）迸发； 发作 | |
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beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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covert
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| adj.隐藏的；暗地里的 | |
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cherub
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| n.小天使，胖娃娃 | |
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jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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azure
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| adj.天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的 | |
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crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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starry
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| adj.星光照耀的, 闪亮的 | |
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121
throngs
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| n.人群( throng的名词复数 )v.成群，挤满( throng的第三人称单数 ) | |
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122
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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125
foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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commiserated
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| v.怜悯，同情( commiserate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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