VILLEMARIE.
Infancy1 of Montreal ? The Flood ? Vow2 of Maisonneuve ? Pilgrimage ? D'Ailleboust ? The H?tel-Dieu ? Piety3 ? Propagandism ? War ? Hurons and Iroquois ? Dogs ? Sally of the French ? Battle ? Exploit of Maisonneuve
Let us now ascend4 to the island of Montreal. Here, as we have seen, an association of devout5 and zealous7 persons had essayed to found a mission-colony under the protection of the Holy Virgin8; and we left the adventurers, after their landing, bivouacked on the shore, on an evening in May. There was an altar in the open air, decorated with a taste that betokened9 no less of good nurture10 than of piety; and around it clustered the tents that sheltered the commandant, Maisonneuve, the two ladies, Madame de la Peltrie and Mademoiselle Mance, and the soldiers and laborers13 of the expedition.
In the morning they all fell to their work, Maisonneuve hewing14 down the first tree,—and labored15 with such good-will, that their tents were soon 262 inclosed with a strong palisade, and their altar covered by a provisional chapel16, built, in the Huron mode, of bark. Soon afterward17, their canvas habitations were supplanted18 by solid structures of wood, and the feeble germ of a future city began to take root.
The Iroquois had not yet found them out; nor did they discover them till they had had ample time to fortify19 themselves. Meanwhile, on a Sunday, they would stroll at their leisure over the adjacent meadow and in the shade of the bordering forest, where, as the old chronicler tells us, the grass was gay with wild-flowers, and the branches with the flutter and song of many strange birds. [1]
[1] Dollier de Casson, MS.
The day of the Assumption of the Virgin was celebrated20 with befitting solemnity. There was mass in their bark chapel; then a Te Deum; then public instruction of certain Indians who chanced to be at Montreal; then a procession of all the colonists21 after vespers, to the admiration22 of the redskinned beholders. Cannon23, too, were fired, in honor of their celestial24 patroness. "Their thunder made all the island echo," writes Father Vimont; "and the demons25, though used to thunderbolts, were scared at a noise which told them of the love we bear our great Mistress; and I have scarcely any doubt that the tutelary26 angels of the savages27 of New France have marked this day in the calendar of Paradise." [2]
263 The summer passed prosperously, but with the winter their faith was put to a rude test. In December, there was a rise of the St. Lawrence, threatening to sweep away in a night the results of all their labor11. They fell to their prayers; and Maisonneuve planted a wooden cross in face of the advancing deluge30, first making a vow, that, should the peril31 be averted32, he, Maisonneuve, would bear another cross on his shoulders up the neighboring mountain, and place it on the summit. The vow seemed in vain. The flood still rose, filled the fort ditch, swept the foot of the palisade, and threatened to sap the magazine; but here it stopped, and presently began to recede33, till at length it had withdrawn34 within its lawful35 channel, and Villemarie was safe. [3]
[3] A little MS. map in M. Jacques Viger's copy of Le Petit Registre de la Cure de Montreal, lays down the position and shape of the fort at this time, and shows the spot where Maisonneuve planted the cross.
Now it remained to fulfil the promise from which such happy results had proceeded. Maisonneuve set his men at work to clear a path through the forest to the top of the mountain. A large cross was made, and solemnly blessed by the priest; then, on the sixth of January, the Jesuit Du Peron led the way, followed in procession by Madame de la Peltrie, the artisans, and soldiers, to the destined36 spot. The commandant, who with all the ceremonies of the Church had been declared First Soldier of the Cross, walked behind the rest, bearing on his shoulder a cross so heavy that it needed his utmost strength to climb the steep and rugged37 264 path. They planted it on the highest crest38, and all knelt in adoration39 before it. Du Peron said mass; and Madame de la Peltrie, always romantic and always devout, received the sacrament on the mountain-top, a spectacle to the virgin world outstretched below. Sundry40 relics41 of saints had been set in the wood of the cross, which remained an object of pilgrimage to the pious42 colonists of Villemarie. [4]
[4] Vimont, Relation, 1643, 52, 53.
Peace and harmony reigned43 within the little fort; and so edifying44 was the demeanor45 of the colonists, so faithful were they to the confessional, and so constant at mass, that a chronicler of the day exclaims, in a burst of enthusiasm, that the deserts lately a resort of demons were now the abode46 of angels. [5] The two Jesuits who for the time were their pastors47 had them well in hand. They dwelt under the same roof with most of their flock, who lived in community, in one large house, and vied with each other in zeal6 for the honor of the Virgin and the conversion48 of the Indians.
At the end of August, 1643, a vessel50 arrived at Villemarie with a reinforcement commanded by Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonges, a pious gentleman of Champagne51, and one of the Associates of Montreal. [6] Some years before, he had asked in wedlock52 the hand of Barbe de Boulogne; but the young lady had, when a child, in the ardor53 of her piety, taken a vow of perpetual chastity. By the advice 265 of her Jesuit confessor, she accepted his suit, on condition that she should preserve, to the hour of her death, the state to which Holy Church has always ascribed a peculiar54 merit. [7] D'Ailleboust married her; and when, soon after, he conceived the purpose of devoting his life to the work of the Faith in Canada, he invited his maiden55 spouse56 to go with him. She refused, and forbade him to mention the subject again. Her health was indifferent, and about this time she fell ill. As a last resort, she made a promise to God, that, if He would restore her, she would go to Canada with her husband; and forthwith her maladies ceased. Still her reluctance58 continued; she hesitated, and then refused again, when an inward light revealed to her that it was her duty to cast her lot in the wilderness59. She accordingly embarked60 with d'Ailleboust, accompanied by her sister, Mademoiselle Philippine de Boulogne, who had caught the contagion61 of her zeal. The presence of these damsels would, to all appearance, be rather a burden than a profit to the colonists, beset62 as they then were by Indians, and often in peril of starvation; but the spectacle of their ardor, as disinterested63 as it was extravagant64, would serve to exalt65 the religious enthusiasm in which alone was the life of Villemarie.
[6] Chaulmer, 101; Juchereau, 91.
[7] Juchereau, Histoire de l'H?tel-Dieu de Québec, 276. The confessor told D'Ailleboust, that, if he persuaded his wife to break her vow of continence, "God would chastise66 him terribly." The nun67 historian adds, that, undeterred by the menace, he tried and failed.
Their vessel passed in safety the Iroquois who 266 watched the St. Lawrence, and its arrival filled the colonists with joy. D'Ailleboust was a skilful68 soldier, specially69 versed70 in the arts of fortification; and, under his direction, the frail71 palisades which formed their sole defence were replaced by solid ramparts and bastions of earth. He brought news that the "unknown benefactress," as a certain generous member of the Association of Montreal was called, in ignorance of her name, had given funds, to the amount, as afterwards appeared, of forty-two thousand livres, for the building of a hospital at Villemarie. [8] The source of the gift was kept secret, from a religious motive73; but it soon became known that it proceeded from Madame de Bullion74, a lady whose rank and wealth were exceeded only by her devotion. It is true that the hospital was not wanted, as no one was sick at Villemarie, and one or two chambers75 would have sufficed for every prospective77 necessity; but it will be remembered that the colony had been established in order that a hospital might be built, and Madame de Bullion would not hear to any other application of her money. [9] Instead, therefore, of tilling the land to supply their own pressing needs, all the laborers of the settlement were set at this pious, though superfluous78, task. [10] There was no room in 267 the fort, which, moreover, was in danger of inundation79; and the hospital was accordingly built on higher ground adjacent. To leave it unprotected would be to abandon its inmates80 to the Iroquois; it was therefore surrounded by a strong palisade, and, in time of danger, a part of the garrison81 was detailed82 to defend it. Here Mademoiselle Mance took up her abode, and waited the day when wounds or disease should bring patients to her empty wards72.
[8] Archives du Séminaire de Villemarie, cited by Faillon, I. 466. The amount of the gift was not declared until the next year.
[9] Mademoiselle Mance wrote to her, to urge that the money should be devoted83 to the Huron mission; but she absolutely refused.—Dollier de Casson, MS.
[10] Journal des Supérieurs des Jésuites, MS.
The hospital was sixty feet long and twenty-four feet wide, with a kitchen, a chamber76 for Mademoiselle Mance, others for servants, and two large apartments for the patients. It was amply provided with furniture, linen84, medicines, and all necessaries; and had also two oxen, three cows, and twenty sheep. A small oratory85 of stone was built adjoining it. The inclosure was four arpents in extent.—Archives du Séminaire de Villemarie, cited by Faillon.
Dauversière, who had first conceived this plan of a hospital in the wilderness, was a senseless enthusiast86, who rejected as a sin every protest of reason against the dreams which governed him; yet one rational and practical element entered into the motives87 of those who carried the plan into execution. The hospital was intended not only to nurse sick Frenchmen, but to nurse and convert sick Indians; in other words, it was an engine of the mission.
From Maisonneuve to the humblest laborer12, these zealous colonists were bent88 on the work of conversion. To that end, the ladies made pilgrimages to the cross on the mountain, sometimes for nine days in succession, to pray God to gather the heathen into His fold. The fatigue89 was great; nor was the danger less; and armed men always escorted them, as a precaution against the Iroquois. [11] The 268 male colonists were equally fervent90; and sometimes as many as fifteen or sixteen persons would kneel at once before the cross, with the same charitable petition. [12] The ardor of their zeal may be inferred from the fact, that these pious expeditions consumed the greater part of the day, when time and labor were of a value past reckoning to the little colony. Besides their pilgrimages, they used other means, and very efficient ones, to attract and gain over the Indians. They housed, fed, and clothed them at every opportunity; and though they were subsisting91 chiefly on provisions brought at great cost from France, there was always a portion for the hungry savages who from time to time encamped near their fort. If they could persuade any of them to be nursed, they were consigned92 to the tender care of Mademoiselle Mance; and if a party went to war, their women and children were taken in charge till their return. As this attention to their bodies had for its object the profit of their souls, it was accompanied with incessant93 catechizing. This, with the other influences of the place, had its effect; and some notable conversions94 were made. Among them was that of the renowned95 chief, Tessouat, or Le Borgne, as the French called him,—a crafty96 and intractable savage28, whom, to their own surprise, they succeeded in taming and winning to the Faith. [13] He was christened with the name of Paul, and 269 his squaw with that of Madeleine. Maisonneuve rewarded him with a gun, and celebrated the day by a feast to all the Indians present. [14]
[11] Morin, Annales de l'H?tel-Dieu de St. Joseph, MS., cited by Faillon, I. 457.
[12] Marguerite Bourgeoys, écrits Autographes, MS., extracts in Faillon, I. 458.
[13] Vimont, Relation, 1643, 54, 55. Tessouat was chief of Allumette Island, in the Ottawa. His predecessor97, of the same name, was Champlain's host in 1613.—See "Pioneers of France," Chap. XII.
[14] It was the usual practice to give guns to converts, "pour attirer leur compatriotes à la Foy." They were never given to heathen Indians. "It seems," observes Vimont, "that our Lord wishes to make use of this method in order that Christianity may become acceptable in this country."—Relation, 1643, 71.
The French hoped to form an agricultural settlement of Indians in the neighborhood of Villemarie; and they spared no exertion98 to this end, giving them tools, and aiding them to till the fields. They might have succeeded, but for that pest of the wilderness, the Iroquois, who hovered99 about them, harassed100 them with petty attacks, and again and again drove the Algonquins in terror from their camps. Some time had elapsed, as we have seen, before the Iroquois discovered Villemarie; but at length ten fugitive101 Algonquins, chased by a party of them, made for the friendly settlement as a safe asylum102; and thus their astonished pursuers became aware of its existence. They reconnoitred the place, and went back to their towns with the news. [15] From that time forth57 the colonists had no peace; no more excursions for fishing and hunting; no more Sunday strolls in woods and meadows. The men went armed to their work, and returned at the sound of a bell, marching in a compact body, prepared for an attack.
[15] Dollier de Casson, MS.
Early in June, 1643, sixty Hurons came down in canoes for traffic, and, on reaching the place now called Lachine, at the head of the rapids of 270 St. Louis, and a few miles above Villemarie, they were amazed at finding a large Iroquois war-party in a fort hastily built of the trunks and boughs103 of trees. Surprise and fright seem to have infatuated them. They neither fought nor fled, but greeted their inveterate104 foes105 as if they were friends and allies, and, to gain their good graces, told them all they knew of the French settlement, urging them to attack it, and promising107 an easy victory. Accordingly, the Iroquois detached forty of their warriors108, who surprised six Frenchmen at work hewing timber within a gunshot of the fort, killed three of them, took the remaining three prisoners, and returned in triumph. The captives were bound with the usual rigor110; and the Hurons taunted111 and insulted them, to please their dangerous companions. Their baseness availed them little; for at night, after a feast of victory, when the Hurons were asleep or off their guard, their entertainers fell upon them, and killed or captured the greater part. The rest ran for Villemarie, where, as their treachery was as yet unknown, they were received with great kindness. [16]
[16] I have followed Dollier de Casson. Vimont's account is different. He says that the Iroquois fell upon the Hurons at the outset, and took twenty-three prisoners, killing112 many others; after which they made the attack at Villemarie.—Relation, 1643, 62.
Faillon thinks that Vimont was unwilling113 to publish the treachery of the Hurons, lest the interests of the Huron mission should suffer in consequence.
Belmont, Histoire du Canada, 1643, confirms the account of the Huron treachery.
The next morning the Iroquois decamped, carrying with them their prisoners, and the furs plundered114 271 from the Huron canoes. They had taken also, and probably destroyed, all the letters from the missionaries115 in the Huron country, as well as a copy of their Relation of the preceding year. Of the three French prisoners, one escaped and reached Montreal; the remaining two were burned alive.
At Villemarie it was usually dangerous to pass beyond the ditch of the fort or the palisades of the hospital. Sometimes a solitary116 warrior109 would lie hidden for days, without sleep and almost without food, behind a log in the forest, or in a dense117 thicket118, watching like a lynx for some rash straggler. Sometimes parties of a hundred or more made ambuscades near by, and sent a few of their number to lure119 out the soldiers by a petty attack and a flight. The danger was much diminished, however, when the colonists received from France a number of dogs, which proved most efficient sentinels and scouts120. Of the instinct of these animals the writers of the time speak with astonishment121. Chief among them was a bitch named Pilot, who every morning made the rounds of the forests and fields about the fort, followed by a troop of her offspring. If one of them lagged behind, she hit him to remind him of his duty; and if any skulked122 and ran home, she punished them severely123 in the same manner on her return. When she discovered the Iroquois, which she was sure to do by the scent124, if any were near, she barked furiously, and ran at once straight to the fort, followed by the rest. The Jesuit chronicler adds, with an amusing na?veté, 272 that, while this was her duty, "her natural inclination125 was for hunting squirrels." [17]
[17] Lalemant, Relation, 1647, 74, 75. "Son attrait naturel estoit la chasse aux écurieux." Dollier de Casson also speaks admiringly of her and her instinct. Faillon sees in it a manifest proof of the protecting care of God over Villemarie.
Maisonneuve was as brave a knight126 of the cross as ever fought in Palestine for the sepulchre of Christ; but he could temper his valor127 with discretion128. He knew that he and his soldiers were but indifferent woodsmen; that their crafty foe106 had no equal in ambuscades and surprises; and that, while a defeat might ruin the French, it would only exasperate129 an enemy whose resources in men were incomparably greater. Therefore, when the dogs sounded the alarm, he kept his followers130 close, and stood patiently on the defensive131. They chafed132 under this Fabian policy, and at length imputed133 it to cowardice134. Their murmurings grew louder, till they reached the ear of Maisonneuve. The religion which animated135 him had not destroyed the soldierly pride which takes root so readily and so strongly in a manly136 nature; and an imputation137 of cowardice from his own soldiers stung him to the quick. He saw, too, that such an opinion of him must needs weaken his authority, and impair138 the discipline essential to the safety of the colony.
On the morning of the thirtieth of March, Pilot was heard barking with unusual fury in the forest eastward139 from the fort; and in a few moments they saw her running over the clearing, where the snow was still deep, followed by her 273 brood, all giving tongue together. The excited Frenchmen flocked about their commander.
"Monsieur, les ennemis sont dans le bois; ne les irons-nous jamais voir?" [18]
[18] Dollier de Casson, MS.
Maisonneuve, habitually140 composed and calm, answered sharply,—
"Yes, you shall see the enemy. Get yourselves ready at once, and take care that you are as brave as you profess141 to be. I shall lead you myself."
All was bustle142 in the fort. Guns were loaded, pouches143 filled, and snow-shoes tied on by those who had them and knew how to use them. There were not enough, however, and many were forced to go without them. When all was ready, Maisonneuve sallied forth at the head of thirty men, leaving d'Ailleboust, with the remainder, to hold the fort. They crossed the snowy clearing and entered the forest, where all was silent as the grave. They pushed on, wading144 through the deep snow, with the countless145 pitfalls146 hidden beneath it, when suddenly they were greeted with the screeches147 of eighty Iroquois, [19] who sprang up from their lurking-places, and showered bullets and arrows upon the advancing French. The emergency called, not for chivalry148, but for woodcraft; and Maisonneuve ordered his men to take shelter, like their assailants, behind trees. They stood their ground resolutely149 274 for a long time; but the Iroquois pressed them close, three of their number were killed, others were wounded, and their ammunition150 began to fail. Their only alternatives were destruction or retreat; and to retreat was not easy. The order was given. Though steady at first, the men soon became confused, and over-eager to escape the galling151 fire which the Iroquois sent after them. Maisonneuve directed them towards a sledge-track which had been used in dragging timber for building the hospital, and where the snow was firm beneath the foot. He himself remained to the last, encouraging his followers and aiding the wounded to escape. The French, as they struggled through the snow, faced about from time to time, and fired back to check the pursuit; but no sooner had they reached the sledge-track than they gave way to their terror, and ran in a body for the fort. Those within, seeing this confused rush of men from the distance, mistook them for the enemy; and an over-zealous soldier touched the match to a cannon which had been pointed152 to rake the sledge-track. Had not the piece missed fire, from dampness of the priming, he would have done more execution at one shot than the Iroquois in all the fight of that morning.
[19] Vimont, Relation, 1644, 42. Dollier de Casson says two hundred, but it is usually safe in these cases to accept the smaller number, and Vimont founds his statement on the information of an escaped prisoner.
Maisonneuve was left alone, retreating backwards153 down the track, and holding his pursuers in check, with a pistol in each hand. They might easily have shot him; but, recognizing him as the commander of the French, they were bent on taking him alive. Their chief coveted154 this honor for 275 himself, and his followers held aloof155 to give him the opportunity. He pressed close upon Maisonneuve, who snapped a pistol at him, which missed fire. The Iroquois, who had ducked to avoid the shot, rose erect156, and sprang forward to seize him, when Maisonneuve, with his remaining pistol, shot him dead. Then ensued a curious spectacle, not infrequent in Indian battles. The Iroquois seemed to forget their enemy, in their anxiety to secure and carry off the body of their chief; and the French commander continued his retreat unmolested, till he was safe under the cannon of the fort. From that day, he was a hero in the eyes of his men. [20]
[20] Dollier de Casson, MS. Vimont's mention of the affair is brief. He says that two Frenchmen were made prisoners, and burned. Belmont, Histoire du Canada, 1645, gives a succinct157 account of the fight, and indicates the scene of it. It seems to have been a little below the site of the Place d'Armes, on which stands the great Parish Church of Villemarie, commonly known to tourists as the "Cathedral." Faillon thinks that Maisonneuve's exploit was achieved on this very spot.
Marguerite Bourgeoys also describes the affair in her unpublished writings.
Quebec and Montreal are happy in their founders158. Samuel de Champlain and Chomedey de Maisonneuve are among the names that shine with a fair and honest lustre159 on the infancy of nations.
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infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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vow
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| n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓 | |
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piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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betokened
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| v.预示，表示( betoken的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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nurture
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| n.养育，照顾，教育；滋养，营养品；vt.养育，给与营养物，教养，扶持 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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laborer
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| n.劳动者，劳工 | |
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laborers
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| n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工 | |
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hewing
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| v.（用斧、刀等）砍、劈( hew的现在分词 )；砍成；劈出；开辟 | |
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labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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supplanted
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| 把…排挤掉，取代( supplant的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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fortify
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celebrated
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colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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admiration
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cannon
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celestial
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demons
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tutelary
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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savage
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premier
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deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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recede
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withdrawn
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lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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destined
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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39
adoration
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| n.爱慕，崇拜 | |
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40
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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41
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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42
pious
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| adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的 | |
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43
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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44
edifying
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| adj.有教训意味的，教训性的，有益的v.开导，启发( edify的现在分词 ) | |
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45
demeanor
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| n.行为；风度 | |
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46
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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47
pastors
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| n.（基督教的）牧师( pastor的名词复数 ) | |
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48
conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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49
motifs
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| n. （文艺作品等的）主题( motif的名词复数 )；中心思想；基本模式；基本图案 | |
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50
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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51
champagne
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| n.香槟酒；微黄色 | |
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52
wedlock
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| n.婚姻，已婚状态 | |
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53
ardor
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| n.热情，狂热 | |
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54
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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55
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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56
spouse
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| n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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57
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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58
reluctance
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| n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿 | |
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59
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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60
embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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61
contagion
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| n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延 | |
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62
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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63
disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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64
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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65
exalt
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| v.赞扬，歌颂，晋升，提升 | |
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66
chastise
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| vt.责骂，严惩 | |
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67
nun
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| n.修女，尼姑 | |
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68
skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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69
specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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70
versed
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| adj. 精通，熟练 | |
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71
frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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72
wards
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| 区( ward的名词复数 )； 病房； 受监护的未成年者； 被人照顾或控制的状态 | |
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73
motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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74
bullion
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| n.金条，银条 | |
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75
chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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76
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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77
prospective
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| adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的 | |
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78
superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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79
inundation
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| n.the act or fact of overflowing | |
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80
inmates
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| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
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81
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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82
detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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83
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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84
linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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85
oratory
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| n.演讲术；词藻华丽的言辞 | |
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86
enthusiast
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| n.热心人，热衷者 | |
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87
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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88
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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89
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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90
fervent
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| adj.热的，热烈的，热情的 | |
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91
subsisting
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| v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的现在分词 ) | |
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92
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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93
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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94
conversions
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| 变换( conversion的名词复数 )； （宗教、信仰等）彻底改变； （尤指为居住而）改建的房屋； 橄榄球（触地得分后再把球射中球门的）附加得分 | |
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95
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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96
crafty
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| adj.狡猾的，诡诈的 | |
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97
predecessor
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| n.前辈，前任 | |
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98
exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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99
hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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100
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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101
fugitive
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| adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者 | |
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102
asylum
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| n.避难所，庇护所，避难 | |
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103
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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104
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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105
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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106
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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107
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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108
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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109
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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110
rigor
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| n.严酷，严格，严厉 | |
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111
taunted
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| 嘲讽( taunt的过去式和过去分词 )； 嘲弄； 辱骂； 奚落 | |
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112
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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113
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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114
plundered
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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115
missionaries
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| n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
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116
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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117
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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118
thicket
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| n.灌木丛，树林 | |
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119
lure
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| n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引 | |
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120
scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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121
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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122
skulked
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| v.潜伏，偷偷摸摸地走动，鬼鬼祟祟地活动( skulk的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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123
severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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124
scent
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| n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉 | |
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125
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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126
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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127
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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128
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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129
exasperate
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| v.激怒，使（疾病）加剧，使恶化 | |
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130
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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131
defensive
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| adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的 | |
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132
chafed
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| v.擦热（尤指皮肤）( chafe的过去式 )；擦痛；发怒；惹怒 | |
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133
imputed
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| v.把（错误等）归咎于( impute的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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134
cowardice
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| n.胆小，怯懦 | |
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135
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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136
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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137
imputation
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| n.归罪，责难 | |
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138
impair
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| v.损害，损伤；削弱，减少 | |
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139
eastward
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| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
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140
habitually
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| ad.习惯地，通常地 | |
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141
profess
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| v.声称，冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰 | |
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142
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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143
pouches
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| n.（放在衣袋里或连在腰带上的）小袋( pouch的名词复数 )；（袋鼠等的）育儿袋；邮袋；（某些动物贮存食物的）颊袋 | |
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144
wading
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 ) | |
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145
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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146
pitfalls
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| （捕猎野兽用的）陷阱( pitfall的名词复数 )； 意想不到的困难，易犯的错误 | |
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147
screeches
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| n.尖锐的声音( screech的名词复数 )v.发出尖叫声( screech的第三人称单数 )；发出粗而刺耳的声音；高叫 | |
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148
chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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149
resolutely
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| adj.坚决地，果断地 | |
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150
ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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151
galling
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| adj.难堪的,使烦恼的,使焦躁的 | |
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152
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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153
backwards
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| adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地 | |
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154
coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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155
aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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156
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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157
succinct
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| adj.简明的，简洁的 | |
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158
founders
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| n.创始人( founder的名词复数 ) | |
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159
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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