LA SALLE ON THE UPPER LAKES.
The Voyage of the "Griffin."—Detroit.—A Storm.—St. Ignace of Michilimackinac.—Rivals and Enemies.—Lake Michigan.—Hardships.—A Threatened Fight.—Fort Miami.—Tonty's Misfortunes.—Forebodings.
The "Griffin" had lain moored1 by the shore, so near that Hennepin could preach on Sundays from the deck to the men encamped along the bank. She was now forced up against the current with tow-ropes and sails, till she reached the calm entrance of Lake Erie. On the seventh of August, La Salle and his followers2 embarked3, sang Te Deum, and fired their cannon4. A fresh breeze sprang up; and with swelling5 canvas the "Griffin" ploughed the virgin6 waves of Lake Erie, where sail was never seen before. For three days they held their course over these unknown waters, and on the fourth turned northward7 into the Strait of Detroit. Here, on the right hand and on the left, lay verdant8 prairies, dotted with groves9 and bordered with lofty forests. They saw walnut10, chestnut11, and wild plum trees, and oaks festooned with grape-vines; herds12 of deer, [Pg 152] and flocks of swans and wild turkeys. The bulwarks13 of the "Griffin" were plentifully14 hung with game which the men killed on shore, and among the rest with a number of bears, much commended by Hennepin for their want of ferocity and the excellence15 of their flesh. "Those," he says, "who will one day have the happiness to possess this fertile and pleasant strait, will be very much obliged to those who have shown them the way." They crossed Lake St. Clair,[130] and still sailed northward against the current, till now, sparkling in the sun, Lake Huron spread before them like a sea.
ST. IGNACE.
For a time they bore on prosperously. Then the wind died to a calm, then freshened to a gale16, then rose to a furious tempest; and the vessel17 tossed wildly among the short, steep, perilous18 waves of the raging lake. Even La Salle called on his followers to commend themselves to Heaven. All fell to their prayers but the godless pilot, who was loud in complaint against his commander for having brought him, after the honor he had won on the ocean, to drown at last ignominiously19 in fresh water. The rest clamored to the saints. St. Anthony of Padua was promised a chapel20 to be built in his honor, if he would but save them from their jeopardy21; while in the same breath La Salle and the friars declared him patron of their great enterprise.[131] The saint heard their prayers. [Pg 153]The obedient winds were tamed; and the "Griffin" plunged22 on her way through foaming23 surges that still grew calmer as she advanced. Now the sun shone forth24 on woody islands, Bois Blanc and Mackinaw and the distant Manitoulins,—on the forest wastes of Michigan and the vast blue bosom25 of the angry lake; and now her port was won, and she found her rest behind the point of St. Ignace of Michilimackinac, floating in that tranquil26 cove27 where crystal waters cover but cannot hide the pebbly28 depths beneath. Before her rose the house and chapel of the Jesuits, enclosed with palisades; on the right, the Huron village, with its bark cabins and its fence of tall pickets29; on the left, the square compact houses of the French traders; and, not far off, the clustered wigwams of an Ottawa village.[132] Here was a centre of the Jesuit missions, and a centre of the Indian trade; and here, under the shadow of the cross, was much sharp practice in the service of Mammon. Keen traders, with or without a license30, and lawless coureurs de bois, whom a few years of forest life had weaned from civilization, made St. Ignace their resort; and here there were many of them when the "Griffin" came. They and their employers hated and feared La Salle, who, sustained as he was by the governor, might set at nought31 the prohibition32 of the King, debarring him from traffic with these tribes. Yet, while plotting [Pg 154] against him, they took pains to allay33 his distrust by a show of welcome.
The "Griffin" fired her cannon, and the Indians yelped34 in wonder and amazement35. The adventurers landed in state, and marched under arms to the bark chapel of the Ottawa village, where they heard mass. La Salle knelt before the altar, in a mantle36 of scarlet37 bordered with gold. Soldiers, sailors, and artisans knelt around him,—black Jesuits, gray Récollets, swarthy voyageurs, and painted savages38; a devout39 but motley concourse.
As they left the chapel, the Ottawa chiefs came to bid them welcome, and the Hurons saluted40 them with a volley of musketry. They saw the "Griffin" at her anchorage, surrounded by more than a hundred bark canoes, like a Triton among minnows. Yet it was with more wonder than good-will that the Indians of the mission gazed on the "floating fort," for so they called the vessel. A deep jealousy41 of La Salle's designs had been infused into them. His own followers, too, had been tampered42 with. In the autumn before, it may be remembered, he had sent fifteen men up the lakes to trade for him, with orders to go thence to the Illinois and make preparation against his coming. Early in the summer, Tonty had been despatched in a canoe from Niagara to look after them.[133] It was high time. Most of the men had been seduced43 from their duty, and had disobeyed [Pg 155] their orders, squandered44 the goods intrusted to them, or used them in trading on their own account. La Salle found four of them at Michilimackinac. These he arrested, and sent Tonty to the Falls of Ste. Marie, where two others were captured, with their plunder45. The rest were in the woods, and it was useless to pursue them.
RIVALS AND ENEMIES.
Anxious and troubled as to the condition of his affairs in Canada. La Salle had meant, after seeing his party safe at Michilimackinac, to leave Tonty to conduct it to the Illinois, while he himself returned to the colony. But Tonty was still at Ste. Marie, and he had none to trust but himself. Therefore, he resolved at all risks to remain with his men; "for," he says, "I judged my presence absolutely necessary to retain such of them as were left me, and prevent them from being enticed46 away during the winter." Moreover, he thought that he had detected an intrigue47 of his enemies to hound on the Iroquois against the Illinois, in order to defeat his plan by involving him in the war.
Early in September he set sail again, and passing westward48 into Lake Michigan,[134] cast anchor near one of the islands at the entrance of Green Bay. Here, for once, he found a friend in the person of a Pottawattamie chief, who had been so wrought49 upon [Pg 156] by the politic50 kindness of Frontenac that he declared himself ready to die for the children of Onontio.[135] Here, too, he found several of his advance party, who had remained faithful and collected a large store of furs. It would have been better had they proved false, like the rest. La Salle, who asked counsel of no man, resolved, in spite of his followers, to send back the "Griffin" laden51 with these furs, and others collected on the way, to satisfy his creditors52.[136] It was a rash resolution, for it involved trusting her to the pilot, who had already proved either incompetent53 or treacherous54. She fired a parting shot, and on the eighteenth of September set sail for Niagara, with orders to return to the head of Lake Michigan as soon as she had discharged her cargo55. La Salle, with the fourteen men who remained, in four canoes deeply laden with a forge, tools, merchandise, and arms, put out from the island and resumed his voyage.
POTTAWATTAMIES.
The parting was not auspicious56. The lake, glassy and calm in the afternoon, was convulsed at night with a sudden storm, when the canoes were midway between the island and the main shore. It was with difficulty that they could keep together, the men [Pg 157] shouting to each other through the darkness. Hennepin, who was in the smallest canoe with a heavy load, and a carpenter for a companion who was awkward at the paddle, found himself in jeopardy which demanded all his nerve. The voyagers thought themselves happy when they gained at last the shelter of a little sandy cove, where they dragged up their canoes, and made their cheerless bivouac in the drenched57 and dripping forest. Here they spent five days, living on pumpkins58 and Indian corn, the gift of their Pottawattamie friends, and on a Canada porcupine59 brought in by La Salle's Mohegan hunter. The gale raged meanwhile with relentless60 fury. They trembled when they thought of the "Griffin." When at length the tempest lulled61, they re-embarked, and steered62 southward along the shore of Wisconsin; but again the storm fell upon them, and drove them for safety to a bare, rocky islet. Here they made a fire of drift-wood, crouched63 around it, drew their blankets over their heads, and in this miserable64 plight65, pelted66 with sleet67 and rain, remained for two days.
At length they were afloat again; but their prosperity was brief. On the twenty-eighth, a fierce squall drove them to a point of rocks covered with bushes, where they consumed the little that remained of their provisions. On the first of October they paddled about thirty miles, without food, when they came to a village of Pottawattamies, who ran down to the shore to help them to land; but La Salle, fearing [Pg 158] that some of his men would steal the merchandise and desert to the Indians, insisted on going three leagues farther, to the great indignation of his followers. The lake, swept by an easterly gale, was rolling its waves against the beach, like the ocean in a storm. In the attempt to land, La Salle's canoe was nearly swamped. He and his three canoe-men leaped into the water, and in spite of the surf, which nearly drowned them, dragged their vessel ashore68 with all its load. He then went to the rescue of Hennepin, who with his awkward companion was in woful need of succor69. Father Gabriel, with his sixty-four years, was no match for the surf and the violent undertow. Hennepin, finding himself safe, waded70 to his relief, and carried him ashore on his sturdy shoulders; while the old friar, though drenched to the skin, laughed gayly under his cowl as his brother missionary71 staggered with him up the beach.[137]
When all were safe ashore, La Salle, who distrusted the Indians they had passed, took post on a hill, and ordered his followers to prepare their guns for action. Nevertheless, as they were starving, an effort must be risked to gain a supply of food; and he sent three men back to the village to purchase it. Well armed, but faint with toil72 and famine, they made their way through the stormy forest bearing a pipe of peace, but on arriving saw that the scared inhabitants had fled. They found, however, a stock of corn, of [Pg 159] which they took a portion, leaving goods in exchange, and then set out on their return.
Meanwhile, about twenty of the warriors73, armed with bows and arrows, approached the camp of the French to reconnoitre. La Salle went to meet them with some of his men, opened a parley74 with them, and kept them seated at the foot of the hill till his three messengers returned, when on seeing the peace-pipe the warriors set up a cry of joy. In the morning they brought more corn to the camp, with a supply of fresh venison, not a little cheering to the exhausted75 Frenchmen, who, in dread76 of treachery, had stood under arms all night.
HARDSHIPS.
This was no journey of pleasure. The lake was ruffled77 with almost ceaseless storms; clouds big with rain above, a turmoil78 of gray and gloomy waves beneath. Every night the canoes must be shouldered through the breakers and dragged up the steep banks, which, as they neared the site of Milwaukee, became almost insurmountable. The men paddled all day, with no other food than a handful of Indian corn. They were spent with toil, sick with the haws and wild berries which they ravenously79 devoured80, and dejected at the prospect81 before them. Father Gabriel's good spirits began to fail. He fainted several times from famine and fatigue82, but was revived by a certain "confection of Hyacinth" administered by Hennepin, who had a small box of this precious specific.
At length they descried83 at a distance, on the stormy shore, two or three eagles among a busy [Pg 160] congregation of crows or turkey buzzards. They paddled in all haste to the spot. The feasters took flight; and the starved travellers found the mangled84 body of a deer, lately killed by the wolves. This good luck proved the inauguration85 of plenty. As they approached the head of the lake, game grew abundant; and, with the aid of the Mohegan, there was no lack of bear's meat and venison. They found wild grapes, too, in the woods, and gathered them by cutting down the trees to which the vines clung.
ENCOUNTER WITH INDIANS.
While thus employed, they were startled by a sight often so fearful in the waste and the wilderness,—the print of a human foot. It was clear that Indians were not far off. A strict watch was kept, not, as it proved, without cause; for that night, while the sentry86 thought of little but screening himself and his gun from the floods of rain, a party of Outagamies crept under the bank, where they lurked87 for some time before he discovered them. Being challenged, they came forward, professing88 great friendship, and pretending to have mistaken the French for Iroquois. In the morning, however, there was an outcry from La Salle's servant, who declared that the visitors had stolen his coat from under the inverted89 canoe where he had placed it; while some of the carpenters also complained of being robbed. La Salle well knew that if the theft were left unpunished, worse would come of it. First, he posted his men at the woody point of a peninsula, whose sandy neck was interposed between them and [Pg 161] the main forest. Then he went forth, pistol in hand, met a young Outagami, seized him, and led him prisoner to his camp. This done, he again set out, and soon found an Outagami chief,—for the wigwams were not far distant,—to whom he told what he had done, adding that unless the stolen goods were restored, the prisoner should be killed. The Indians were in perplexity, for they had cut the coat to pieces and divided it. In this dilemma90 they resolved, being strong in numbers, to rescue their comrade by force. Accordingly, they came down to the edge of the forest, or posted themselves behind fallen trees on the banks, while La Salle's men in their stronghold braced91 their nerves for the fight. Here three Flemish friars with their rosaries, and eleven Frenchmen with their guns, confronted a hundred and twenty screeching92 Outagamies. Hennepin, who had seen service, and who had always an exhortation93 at his tongue's end, busied himself to inspire the rest with a courage equal to his own. Neither party, however, had an appetite for the fray94. A parley ensued: full compensation was made for the stolen goods, and the aggrieved95 Frenchmen were farther propitiated96 with a gift of beaver-skins.
Their late enemies, now become friends, spent the next day in dances, feasts, and speeches. They entreated97 La Salle not to advance farther, since the Illinois, through whose country he must pass, would be sure to kill him; for, added these friendly counsellors, they hated the French because they had been [Pg 162] instigating98 the Iroquois to invade their country, Here was another subject of anxiety. La Salle was confirmed in his belief that his busy and unscrupulous enemies were intriguing99 for his destruction.
He pushed on, however, circling around the southern shore of Lake Michigan, till he reached the mouth of the St. Joseph, called by him the Miamis. Here Tonty was to have rejoined him with twenty men, making his way from Michilimackinac along the eastern shore of the lake; but the rendezvous100 was a solitude101,—Tonty was nowhere to be seen. It was the first of November; winter was at hand, and the streams would soon be frozen. The men clamored to go forward, urging that they should starve if they could not reach the villages of the Illinois before the tribe scattered102 for the winter hunt. La Salle was inexorable. If they should all desert, he said, he, with his Mohegan hunter and the three friars, would still remain and wait for Tonty. The men grumbled103, but obeyed; and, to divert their thoughts, he set them at building a fort of timber on a rising ground at the mouth of the river.
They had spent twenty days at this task, and their work was well advanced, when at length Tonty appeared. He brought with him only half of his men. Provisions had failed; and the rest of his party had been left thirty leagues behind, to sustain themselves by hunting. La Salle told him to return and hasten them forward. He set out with two men. A violent north wind arose. He tried to run [Pg 163] his canoe ashore through the breakers. The two men could not manage their vessel, and he with his one hand could not help them. She swamped, rolling over in the surf. Guns, baggage, and provisions were lost; and the three voyagers returned to the Miamis, subsisting104 on acorns105 by the way. Happily, the men left behind, excepting two deserters, succeeded, a few days after, in rejoining the party.[138]
FOREBODINGS.
Thus was one heavy load lifted from the heart of La Salle. But where was the "Griffin"? Time enough, and more than enough, had passed for her voyage to Niagara and back again. He scanned the dreary106 horizon with an anxious eye. No returning sail gladdened the watery107 solitude, and a dark foreboding gathered on his heart. Yet further delay was impossible. He sent back two men to Michilimackinac to meet her, if she still existed, and pilot her to his new fort of the Miamis, and then prepared to ascend108 the river, whose weedy edges were already glassed with thin flakes109 of ice.[139]
FOOTNOTES:
[130] They named it Sainte Claire, of which the present name is a perversion110.
[131] Hennepin (1683), 58.
[132] There is a rude plan of the establishment in La Hontan, though in several editions its value is destroyed by the reversal of the plate.
[133] Relation de Tonty, 1684; Ibid., 1693. He was overtaken at the Detroit by the "Griffin."
[134] Then usually known as Lac des Illinois, because it gave access to the country of the tribes so called. Three years before, Allouez gave it the name of Lac St. Joseph, by which it is often designated by the early writers. Membré, Douay, and others, call it Lac Dauphin.
[135] "The Great Mountain," the Iroquois name for the governor of Canada. It was borrowed by other tribes also.
[136] In the license of discovery granted to La Salle, he is expressly prohibited from trading with the Ottawas and others who brought furs to Montreal. This traffic on the lakes was, therefore, illicit111. His enemy, the Intendant Duchesneau, afterwards used this against him. Lettre de Duchesneau au Ministre, 10 Nov., 1680.
[137] Hennepin (1683), 79.
[138] Hennepin (1683), 112; Relation de Tonty, 1693.
[139] The official account of this journey is given at length in the Relation des Découvertes et des Voyages du Sieur de la Salle, 1679-1681. This valuable document, compiled from letters and diaries of La Salle, early in the year 1682, was known to Hennepin, who evidently had a copy of it before him when he wrote his book, in which he incorporated many passages from it.
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moored
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| adj. 系泊的 动词moor的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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verdant
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| adj.翠绿的，青翠的，生疏的，不老练的 | |
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groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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walnut
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| n.胡桃，胡桃木，胡桃色，茶色 | |
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chestnut
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| n.栗树，栗子 | |
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herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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bulwarks
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| n.堡垒( bulwark的名词复数 )；保障；支柱；舷墙 | |
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plentifully
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| adv. 许多地，丰饶地 | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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gale
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| n.大风，强风，一阵闹声（尤指笑声等） | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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ignominiously
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| adv.耻辱地，屈辱地，丢脸地 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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jeopardy
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| n.危险；危难 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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tranquil
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cove
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pebbly
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| 多卵石的，有卵石花纹的 | |
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pickets
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| 罢工纠察员( picket的名词复数 ) | |
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license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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nought
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| n.／adj.无，零 | |
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prohibition
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| n.禁止；禁令，禁律 | |
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allay
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| v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等) | |
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yelped
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| v.发出短而尖的叫声( yelp的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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tampered
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| v.窜改( tamper的过去式 )；篡改；（用不正当手段）影响；瞎摆弄 | |
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seduced
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| 诱奸( seduce的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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squandered
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| v.（指钱，财产等）浪费，乱花( squander的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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enticed
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| 诱惑，怂恿( entice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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politic
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| adj.有智虑的；精明的；v.从政 | |
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laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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creditors
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| n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 ) | |
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incompetent
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| adj.无能力的，不能胜任的 | |
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54
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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55
cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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auspicious
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| adj.吉利的；幸运的，吉兆的 | |
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drenched
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| adj.湿透的；充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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58
pumpkins
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| n.南瓜( pumpkin的名词复数 )；南瓜的果肉，南瓜囊 | |
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59
porcupine
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| n.豪猪， 箭猪 | |
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60
relentless
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| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
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61
lulled
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| vt.使镇静，使安静（lull的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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62
steered
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| v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
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63
crouched
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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pelted
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| （连续地）投掷( pelt的过去式和过去分词 )； 连续抨击； 攻击； 剥去…的皮 | |
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67
sleet
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| n.雨雪；v.下雨雪，下冰雹 | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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succor
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| n.援助，帮助；v.给予帮助 | |
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waded
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
missionary
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| adj.教会的，传教(士)的；n.传教士 | |
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72
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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74
parley
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| n.谈判 | |
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exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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ruffled
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| adj. 有褶饰边的, 起皱的 动词ruffle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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turmoil
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| n.骚乱，混乱，动乱 | |
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ravenously
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| adv.大嚼地，饥饿地 | |
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devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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83
descried
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| adj.被注意到的，被发现的，被看到的 | |
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84
mangled
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| vt.乱砍（mangle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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85
inauguration
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| n.开幕、就职典礼 | |
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sentry
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| n.哨兵，警卫 | |
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lurked
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| vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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professing
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| 声称( profess的现在分词 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉 | |
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inverted
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| adj.反向的，倒转的v.使倒置，使反转( invert的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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braced
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| adj.拉牢的v.支住( brace的过去式和过去分词 )；撑牢；使自己站稳；振作起来 | |
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screeching
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| v.发出尖叫声( screech的现在分词 )；发出粗而刺耳的声音；高叫 | |
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exhortation
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| n.劝告，规劝 | |
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fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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aggrieved
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| adj.愤愤不平的，受委屈的；悲痛的；（在合法权利方面）受侵害的v.令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式)；令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式和过去分词) | |
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propitiated
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| v.劝解，抚慰，使息怒( propitiate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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98
instigating
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| v.使（某事物）开始或发生，鼓动( instigate的现在分词 ) | |
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99
intriguing
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| adj.有趣的；迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词)；激起…的好奇心 | |
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100
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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101
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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102
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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103
grumbled
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| 抱怨( grumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 发牢骚； 咕哝； 发哼声 | |
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104
subsisting
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| v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的现在分词 ) | |
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105
acorns
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| n.橡子，栎实( acorn的名词复数 ) | |
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106
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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107
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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108
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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109
flakes
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| 小薄片( flake的名词复数 )； （尤指）碎片； 雪花； 古怪的人 | |
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110
perversion
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| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
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111
illicit
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| adj.非法的，禁止的，不正当的 | |
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