LA SALLE IN TEXAS.
A Party of Exploration—Wreck2 of the "Aimable."—Landing of the Colonists3.—A Forlorn Position.—Indian Neighbors.—Friendly Advances of Beaujeu: his Departure.—A Fatal Discovery.
Impatience4 to rid himself of his colleague and to command alone no doubt had its influence on the judgment5 of La Salle. He presently declared that he would land the soldiers, and send them along shore till they came to the principal outlet6 of the river. On this, the engineer Minet took up the word,—expressed his doubts as to whether the Mississippi discharged itself into the lagoons8 at all; represented that even if it did, the soldiers would be exposed to great risks; and gave as his opinion that all should reimbark and continue the search in company. The advice was good, but La Salle resented it as coming from one in whom he recognized no right to give it. "He treated me," complains the engineer, "as if I were the meanest of mankind."[293]
[Pg 379]
He persisted in his purpose, and sent Joutel and Moranget with a party of soldiers to explore the coast. They made their way northeastward along the shore of Matagorda Island, till they were stopped on the third day by what Joutel calls a river, but which was in fact the entrance of Matagorda Bay. Here they encamped, and tried to make a raft of drift-wood. "The difficulty was," says Joutel, "our great number of men, and the few of them who were fit for anything except eating. As I said before, they had all been caught by force or surprise, so that our company was like Noah's ark, which contained animals of all sorts." Before their raft was finished, they descried9 to their great joy the ships which had followed them along the coast.[294]
LANDING OF LA SALLE.
La Salle landed, and announced that here was the western mouth of the Mississippi, and the place to which the King had sent him. He said further that he would land all his men, and bring the "Aimable" and the "Belle10" to the safe harborage within. Beaujeu remonstrated11, alleging12 the shallowness of the water and the force of the currents; but his remonstrance13 was vain.[295]
The Bay of St. Louis, now Matagorda Bay, forms a broad and sheltered harbor, accessible from the sea by a narrow passage, obstructed14 by sand-bars and by the small island now called Pelican15 Island. Boats [Pg 380] were sent to sound and buoy16 out the channel, and this was successfully accomplished17 on the sixteenth of February. The "Aimable" was ordered to enter; and, on the twentieth, she weighed anchor. La Salle was on shore watching her. A party of men, at a little distance, were cutting down a tree to make a canoe. Suddenly some of them ran towards him with terrified faces, crying out that they had been set upon by a troop of Indians, who had seized their companions and carried them off. La Salle ordered those about him to take their arms, and at once set out in pursuit. He overtook the Indians, and opened a parley18 with them; but when he wished to reclaim19 his men, he discovered that they had been led away during the conference to the Indian camp, a league and a half distant. Among them was one of his lieutenants20, the young Marquis de la Sablonnière. He was deeply vexed21, for the moment was critical; but the men must be recovered, and he led his followers22 in haste towards the camp. Yet he could not refrain from turning a moment to watch the "Aimable," as she neared the shoals; and he remarked with deep anxiety to Joutel, who was with him, that if she held that course she would soon be aground.
WRECK OF THE "AIMABLE".
They hurried on till they saw the Indian huts. About fifty of them, oven-shaped, and covered with mats and hides, were clustered on a rising ground, with their inmates23 gathered among and around them. As the French entered the camp, there was the report [Pg 381] of a cannon24 from the seaward. The startled savages25 dropped flat with terror. A different fear seized La Salle, for he knew that the shot was a signal of disaster. Looking back, he saw the "Aimable" furling her sails, and his heart sank with the conviction that she had struck upon the reef. Smothering26 his distress,—she was laden27 with all the stores of the colony,—he pressed forward among the filthy28 wigwams, whose astonished inmates swarmed29 about the band of armed strangers, staring between curiosity and fear. La Salle knew those with whom he was dealing30, and, without ceremony, entered the chief's lodge31 with his followers. The crowd closed around them, naked men and half-naked women, described by Joutel as of singular ugliness. They gave buffalo32 meat and dried porpoise33 to the unexpected guests, but La Salle, racked with anxiety, hastened to close the interview; and having without difficulty recovered the kidnapped men, he returned to the beach, leaving with the Indians, as usual, an impression of good-will and respect.
When he reached the shore, he saw his worst fears realized. The "Aimable" lay careened over on the reef, hopelessly aground. Little remained but to endure the calamity34 with firmness, and to save, as far as might be, the vessel35's cargo36. This was no easy task. The boat which hung at her stern had been stove in,—it is said, by design. Beaujeu sent a boat from the "Joly," and one or more Indian pirogues were procured37. La Salle urged on his men [Pg 382] with stern and patient energy, and a quantity of gunpowder38 and flour was safely landed. But now the wind blew fresh from the sea; the waves began to rise; a storm came on; the vessel, rocking to and fro on the sand-bar, opened along her side, and the ravenous39 waves were strewn with her treasures. When the confusion was at its height, a troop of Indians came down to the shore, greedy for plunder40. The drum was beat; the men were called to arms; La Salle set his trustiest followers to guard the gunpowder, in fear, not of the Indians alone, but of his own countrymen. On that lamentable41 night, the sentinels walked their rounds through the dreary42 bivouac among the casks, bales, and boxes which the sea had yielded up; and here, too, their fate-hunted chief held his drearier43 vigil, encompassed44 with treachery, darkness, and the storm.
Not only La Salle, but Joutel and others of his party, believed that the wreck of the "Aimable" was intentional45. Aigron, who commanded her, had disobeyed orders and disregarded signals. Though he had been directed to tow the vessel through the channel, he went in under sail; and though little else was saved from the wreck, his personal property, including even some preserved fruits, was all landed safely. He had long been on ill terms with La Salle.[296]
[Pg 383]
All La Salle's company were now encamped on the sands at the left side of the inlet where the "Aimable" was wrecked46.[297] "They were all," says the engineer Minet, "sick with nausea47 and dysentery. Five or six died every day, in consequence of brackish48 water and bad food. There was no grass, but plenty of rushes and plenty of oysters49. There was nothing to make ovens, so that they had to eat flour saved from the wreck, boiled into messes of porridge with this brackish water. Along the shore were quantities of uprooted50 trees and rotten logs, thrown up by the sea and the lagoon7." Of these, and fragments of the wreck, they made a sort of rampart to protect their camp; and here, among tents and hovels, bales, boxes, casks, spars, dismounted cannon, and pens for fowls51 and swine, were gathered the dejected men and homesick women who were to seize New Biscay, and hold for France a region large as half Europe. The Spaniards, whom they were to conquer, were they [Pg 384] knew not where. They knew not where they were themselves; and for the fifteen thousand Indian allies who were to have joined them, they found two hundred squalid savages, more like enemies than friends.
In fact, it was soon made plain that these their neighbors wished them no good. A few days after the wreck, the prairie was seen on fire. As the smoke and flame rolled towards them before the wind, La Salle caused all the grass about the camp to be cut and carried away, and especially around the spot where the powder was placed. The danger was averted52; but it soon became known that the Indians had stolen a number of blankets and other articles, and carried them to their wigwams. Unwilling53 to leave his camp, La Salle sent his nephew Moranget and several other volunteers, with a party of men, to reclaim them. They went up the bay in a boat, landed at the Indian camp, and, with more mettle54 than discretion55, marched into it, sword in hand. The Indians ran off, and the rash adventurers seized upon several canoes as an equivalent for the stolen goods. Not knowing how to manage them, they made slow progress on their way back, and were overtaken by night before reaching the French camp. They landed, made a fire, placed a sentinel, and lay down on the dry grass to sleep. The sentinel followed their example, when suddenly they were awakened56 by the war-whoop and a shower of arrows. Two volunteers, Oris and Desloges, were killed on the spot; a third, named Gayen, was severely57 [Pg 385] wounded; and young Moranget received an arrow through the arm. He leaped up and fired his gun at the vociferous58 but invisible foe59. Others of the party did the same, and the Indians fled.
BEAUJEU AND LA SALLE.
It was about this time that Beaujeu prepared to return to France. He had accomplished his mission, and landed his passengers at what La Salle assured him to be one of the mouths of the Mississippi. His ship was in danger on this exposed and perilous60 coast, and he was anxious to find shelter. For some time past, his relations with La Salle had been amicable61, and it was agreed between them that Beaujeu should stop at Galveston Bay, the supposed chief mouth of the Mississippi; or, failing to find harborage here, that he should proceed to Mobile Bay, and wait there till April, to hear from his colleague. Two days before the wreck of the "Aimable," he wrote to La Salle: "I wish with all my heart that you would have more confidence in me. For my part, I will always make the first advances; and I will follow your counsel whenever I can do so without risking my ship. I will come back to this place, if you want to know the results of the voyage I am going to make. If you wish, I will go to Martinique for provisions and reinforcements. In fine, there is nothing I am not ready to do: you have only to speak."
La Salle had begged him to send ashore62 a number of cannon and a quantity of iron, stowed in the "Joly," for the use of the colony; and Beaujeu replies: "I wish very much that I could give you [Pg 386] your iron, but it is impossible except in a harbor; for it is on my ballast, and under your cannon, my spare anchors, and all my stowage. It would take three days to get it out, which cannot be done in this place, where the sea runs like mountains when the slightest wind blows outside. I would rather come back to give it to you, in case you do not send the 'Belle' to Baye du St. Esprit [Mobile Bay] to get it.... I beg you once more to consider the offer I make you to go to Martinique to get provisions for your people. I will ask the intendant for them in your name; and if they are refused, I will take them on my own account."[298]
To this La Salle immediately replied: "I received with singular pleasure the letter you took the trouble to write me; for I found in it extraordinary proofs of kindness in the interest you take in the success of an affair which I have the more at heart, as it involves the glory of the King and the honor of Monseigneur de Seignelay. I have done my part towards a perfect understanding between us, and have never been wanting in confidence; but even if I could be so, the offers you make are so obliging that they would inspire complete trust." He nevertheless declines them,—assuring Beaujeu at the same time that he has reached the place he sought, and is in a fair way of success if he can but have the cannon, cannonballs, and iron stowed on board the "Joly."[299]
[Pg 387]
Directly after he writes again, "I cannot help conjuring63 you once more to try to give us the iron." Beaujeu replies: "To show you how ardently64 I wish to contribute to the success of your undertaking65, I have ordered your iron to be got out, in spite of my officers and sailors, who tell me that I endanger my ship by moving everything in the depth of the hold on a coast like this, where the seas are like mountains. I hesitated to disturb my stowage, not so much to save trouble as because no ballast is to be got hereabout; and I have therefore had six cannon, from my lower deck battery, let down into the hold to take the place of the iron." And he again urges La Salle to accept his offer to bring provisions to the colonists from Martinique.
DEPARTURE OF BEAUJEU.
On the next day, the "Aimable" was wrecked. Beaujeu remained a fortnight longer on the coast, and then told La Salle that being out of wood, water, and other necessaries, he must go to Mobile Bay to get them. Nevertheless, he lingered a week more, repeated his offer to bring supplies from Martinique, which La Salle again refused, and at last set sail on the twelfth of March, after a leave-taking which was courteous66 on both sides.[300]
La Salle and his colonists were left alone. Several of them had lost heart, and embarked67 for home with Beaujeu. Among these was Minet the engineer, who had fallen out with La Salle, and who when he [Pg 388] reached France was imprisoned68 for deserting him. Even his brother, the priest Jean Cavelier, had a mind to abandon the enterprise, but was persuaded at last to remain, along with his nephew the hot-headed Moranget, and the younger Cavelier, a mere69 school-boy. The two Récollet friars, Zenobe Membré and Anastase Douay, the trusty Joutel, a man of sense and observation, and the Marquis de la Sablonnière, a debauched noble whose patrimony70 was his sword, were now the chief persons of the forlorn company. The rest were soldiers, raw and undisciplined, and artisans, most of whom knew nothing of their vocation71. Add to these the miserable72 families and the infatuated young women who had come to tempt73 fortune in the swamps and cane-brakes of the Mississippi.
La Salle set out to explore the neighborhood. Joutel remained in command of the so-called fort. He was beset74 with wily enemies, and often at night the Indians would crawl in the grass around his feeble stockade75, howling like wolves; but a few shots would put them to flight. A strict guard was kept; and a wooden horse was set in the enclosure, to punish the sentinel who should sleep at his post. They stood in daily fear of a more formidable foe, and once they saw a sail, which they doubted not was Spanish; but she happily passed without discovering them. They hunted on the prairies, and speared fish in the neighboring pools. On Easter Day, the Sieur le Gros, one of the chief men of the [Pg 389] company, went out after the service to shoot snipes; but as he walked barefoot through the marsh76, a snake bit him, and he soon after died. Two men deserted77, to starve on the prairie, or to become savages among savages. Others tried to escape, but were caught; and one of them was hung. A knot of desperadoes conspired78 to kill Joutel; but one of them betrayed the secret, and the plot was crushed.
La Salle returned from his exploration, but his return brought no cheer. He had been forced to renounce79 the illusion to which he had clung so long, and was convinced at last that he was not at the mouth of the Mississippi. The wreck of the "Aimable" itself was not pregnant with consequences so disastrous80.
CONDUCT OF BEAUJEU.
Note.—The conduct of Beaujeu, hitherto judged chiefly by the printed narrative81 of Joutel, is set in a new and more favorable light by his correspondence with La Salle. Whatever may have been their mutual82 irritation83, it is clear that the naval84 commander was anxious to discharge his duty in a manner to satisfy Seignelay, and that he may be wholly acquitted85 of any sinister86 design. When he left La Salle on the twelfth of March, he meant to sail in search of the Bay of Mobile (Baye du St. Esprit),—partly because he hoped to find it a safe harbor, where he could get La Salle's cannon out of the hold and find ballast to take their place; and partly to get a supply of wood and water, of which he was in extreme need. He told La Salle that he would wait there till the middle of April, in order that he (La Salle) might send the "Belle" to receive the cannon; but on this point there was no definite agreement between them. Beaujeu was ignorant of the position of the bay, which he thought much nearer than it actually was. After trying two days to reach it, the strong head-winds and the discontent of his crew induced him to bear away for Cuba; and after an encounter with pirates and various adventures, he reached France about the first of July. He was coldly received by Seignelay, who wrote to the [Pg 390] intendant at Rochelle: "His Majesty87 has seen what you wrote about the idea of the Sieur de Beaujeu, that the Sieur de la Salle is not at the mouth of the Mississippi. He seems to found this belief on such weak conjectures88 that no great attention need be given to his account, especially as this man has been prejudiced from the first against La Salle's enterprise." (Lettre de Seignelay à Arnoul, 22 Juillet, 1685. Margry, ii. 604.) The minister at the same time warns Beaujeu to say nothing in disparagement89 of the enterprise, under pain of the King's displeasure. The narrative of the engineer, Minet, sufficiently90 explains a curious map, made by him, as he says, not on the spot, but on the voyage homeward, and still preserved in the Archives Scientifiques de la Marine91. This map includes two distinct sketches92 of the mouth of the Mississippi. The first, which corresponds to that made by Franquelin in 1684, is entitled "Embouchure de la Rivière comme M. de la Salle la marque dans sa Carte." The second bears the words, "Costes et Lacs par1 la Hauteur93 de sa Rivière, comme nous les avons trouvés." These "Costes et Lacs" are a rude representation of the lagoons of Matagorda Bay and its neighborhood, into which the Mississippi is made to discharge, in accordance with the belief of La Salle. A portion of the coast-line is drawn94 from actual, though superficial observation. The rest is merely conjectural95.
FOOTNOTES:
[293] Relation de Minet; Lettre de Minet à Seignelay, 6 July, 1685 (Margry, ii. 591, 602).
[294] Joutel, Journal Historique, 68; Relation (Margry, iii. 143-146) Compare Journal d'Esmanville (Margry, ii. 510).
[295] Relation de Minet (Margry, ii. 591).
[296] Procès Verbal du Sieur de la Salle sur le Naufrage de la Fl?te l'Aimable; Lettre de La Salle à Seignelay, 4 Mars, 1685; Lettre de Beaujeu à Seignelay, sans date. Beaujeu did his best to save the cargo. The loss included nearly all the provisions, 60 barrels of wine, 4 cannon, 1,620 balls, 400 grenades, 4,000 pounds of iron, 5,000 pounds of lead, most of the tools, a forge, a mill, cordage, boxes of arms, nearly all the medicines, and most of the baggage of the soldiers and colonists. Aigron returned to France in the "Joly," and was thrown into prison, "comme il paroist clairement que cet accident est arrivé par sa faute."—Seignelay au Sieur Arnoul, 22 Juillet, 1685 (Margry, ii. 604).
[297] A map, entitled Entrée du Lac où on a laisse le Sr. de la Salle, made by the engineer Minet, and preserved in the Archives de la Marine, represents the entrance of Matagorda Bay, the camp of La Salle on the left, Indian camps on the borders of the bay, the "Belle" at anchor within, the "Aimable" stranded96 at the entrance, and the "Joly" anchored in the open sea.
[298] Lettre de Beaujeu à La Salle, 18 Fév., 1685 (Margry, ii. 542).
[299] Lettre de La Salle à Beaujeu, 18 Fév., 1685 (Margry, ii. 546).
[300] The whole of this correspondence between Beaujeu and La Salle will be found in Margry, ii.
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par
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| n.标准，票面价值，平均数量；adj.票面的，平常的，标准的 | |
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wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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colonists
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| n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 ) | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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outlet
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| n.出口/路；销路；批发商店；通风口；发泄 | |
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lagoon
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| n.泻湖，咸水湖 | |
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lagoons
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| n.污水池( lagoon的名词复数 )；潟湖；（大湖或江河附近的）小而浅的淡水湖；温泉形成的池塘 | |
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descried
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belle
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remonstrated
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| v.抗议( remonstrate的过去式和过去分词 )；告诫 | |
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alleging
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| 断言，宣称，辩解( allege的现在分词 ) | |
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remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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obstructed
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| 阻塞( obstruct的过去式和过去分词 )； 堵塞； 阻碍； 阻止 | |
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pelican
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buoy
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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parley
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reclaim
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lieutenants
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vexed
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| adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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followers
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inmates
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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smothering
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laden
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filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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dealing
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lodge
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buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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porpoise
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| n.鼠海豚 | |
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calamity
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vessel
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cargo
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procured
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gunpowder
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ravenous
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plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
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dreary
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drearier
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| 使人闷闷不乐或沮丧的( dreary的比较级 )； 阴沉的； 令人厌烦的； 单调的 | |
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encompassed
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| v.围绕( encompass的过去式和过去分词 )；包围；包含；包括 | |
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intentional
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| adj.故意的，有意（识）的 | |
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wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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nausea
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| n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶) | |
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brackish
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| adj.混有盐的；咸的 | |
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oysters
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| 牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 ) | |
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uprooted
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| v.把（某物）连根拔起( uproot的过去式和过去分词 )；根除；赶走；把…赶出家园 | |
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51
fowls
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| 鸟( fowl的名词复数 )； 禽肉； 既不是这； 非驴非马 | |
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averted
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| 防止，避免( avert的过去式和过去分词 )； 转移 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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mettle
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| n.勇气，精神 | |
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discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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vociferous
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| adj.喧哗的，大叫大嚷的 | |
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foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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amicable
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| adj.和平的，友好的；友善的 | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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conjuring
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| n.魔术 | |
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ardently
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| adv.热心地，热烈地 | |
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undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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patrimony
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| n.世袭财产，继承物 | |
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vocation
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| n.职业，行业 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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tempt
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| vt.引诱，勾引，吸引，引起…的兴趣 | |
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beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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stockade
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| n.栅栏，围栏；v.用栅栏防护 | |
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marsh
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| n.沼泽，湿地 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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conspired
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| 密谋( conspire的过去式和过去分词 )； 搞阴谋； （事件等）巧合； 共同导致 | |
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renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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irritation
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| n.激怒，恼怒，生气 | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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acquitted
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| 宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（自己）作出某种表现 | |
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sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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conjectures
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| 推测，猜想( conjecture的名词复数 ) | |
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disparagement
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| n.轻视，轻蔑 | |
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90
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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93
hauteur
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| n.傲慢 | |
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94
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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conjectural
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| adj.推测的 | |
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96
stranded
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| a.搁浅的，进退两难的 | |
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