ASSASSINATION1 OF LA SALLE.
His Followers2.—Prairie Travelling—A Hunters' Quarrel—The Murder of Moranget.—The Conspiracy4.—Death of La Salle: his Character.
LA SALLE'S FOLLOWERS.
The travellers were crossing a marshy5 prairie towards a distant belt of woods that followed the course of a little river. They led with them their five horses, laden7 with their scanty8 baggage, and, with what was of no less importance, their stock of presents for Indians. Some wore the remains9 of the clothing they had worn from France, eked10 out with deer-skins, dressed in the Indian manner; and some had coats of old sail-cloth. Here was La Salle, in whom one would have known, at a glance, the chief of the party; and the priest, Cavelier, who seems to have shared not one of the high traits of his younger brother. Here, too, were their nephews, Moranget and the boy Cavelier, now about seventeen years old; the trusty soldier Joutel; and the friar Anastase Douay. Duhaut followed, a man of respectable birth and education; and Liotot, the surgeon of the party. [Pg 421] At home, they might perhaps have lived and died with a fair repute; but the wilderness11 is a rude touchstone, which often reveals traits that would have lain buried and unsuspected in civilized12 life. The German Hiens, the ex-buccaneer, was also of the number. He had probably sailed with an English crew; for he was sometimes known as Gemme Anglais, or "English Jem."[325] The Sieur de Marie; Teissier, a pilot; L'Archevêque, a servant of Duhaut; and others, to the number in all of seventeen,—made up the party; to which is to be added Nika, La Salle's Shawanoe hunter, who, as well as another Indian, had twice crossed the ocean with him, and still followed his fortunes with an admiring though undemonstrative fidelity13.
They passed the prairie, and neared the forest. Here they saw buffalo14; and the hunters approached, and killed several of them. Then they traversed the woods; found and forded the shallow and rushy stream, and pushed through the forest beyond, till they again reached the open prairie. Heavy clouds gathered over them, and it rained all night; but they sheltered themselves under the fresh hides of the buffalo they had killed.
PRAIRIE TRAVELLING.
It is impossible, as it would be needless, to follow the detail of their daily march.[326] It was such an one, [Pg 422] though with unwonted hardship, as is familiar to the memory of many a prairie traveller of our own time. They suffered greatly from the want of shoes, and found for a while no better substitute than a casing of raw buffalo-hide, which they were forced to keep always wet, as, when dry, it hardened about the foot like iron. At length they bought dressed deer-skin from the Indians, of which they made tolerable moccasins. The rivers, streams, and gullies filled with water were without number; and to cross them they made a boat of bull-hide, like the "bull boat" still used on the Upper Missouri. This did good service, as, with the help of their horses, they could carry it with them. Two or three men could cross in it at once, and the horses swam after them like dogs. Sometimes they traversed the sunny prairie; sometimes dived into the dark recesses15 of the forest, where the buffalo, descending16 daily from their pastures in long files to drink at the river, often made a broad and easy path for the travellers. When foul17 weather arrested them, they built huts of bark and long meadow-grass; and safely sheltered lounged away the day, while their horses, picketed18 near by, stood steaming in the rain. At night, they usually set a rude stockade19 about their camp; and here, by [Pg 423] the grassy20 border of a brook21, or at the edge of a grove22 where a spring bubbled up through the sands, they lay asleep around the embers of their fire, while the man on guard listened to the deep breathing of the slumbering24 horses, and the howling of the wolves that saluted25 the rising moon as it flooded the waste of prairie with pale mystic radiance.
They met Indians almost daily,—sometimes a band of hunters, mounted or on foot, chasing buffalo on the plains; sometimes a party of fishermen; sometimes a winter camp, on the slope of a hill or under the sheltering border of a forest. They held intercourse26 with them in the distance by signs; often they disarmed27 their distrust, and attracted them into their camp; and often they visited them in their lodges28, where, seated on buffalo-robes, they smoked with their entertainers, passing the pipe from hand to hand, after the custom still in use among the prairie tribes. Cavelier says that they once saw a band of a hundred and fifty mounted Indians attacking a herd29 of buffalo with lances pointed30 with sharpened bone. The old priest was delighted with the sport, which he pronounces "the most diverting thing in the world." On another occasion, when the party were encamped near the village of a tribe which Cavelier calls Sassory, he saw them catch an alligator31 about twelve feet long, which they proceeded to torture as if he were a human enemy,—first putting out his eyes, and then leading him to the neighboring prairie, where, having confined him by a [Pg 424] number of stakes, they spent the entire day in tormenting32 him.[327]
Holding a northerly course, the travellers crossed the Brazos, and reached the waters of the Trinity. The weather was unfavorable, and on one occasion they encamped in the rain during four or five days together. It was not an harmonious33 company. La Salle's cold and haughty34 reserve had returned, at least for those of his followers to whom he was not partial. Duhaut and the surgeon Liotot, both of whom were men of some property, had a large pecuniary35 stake in the enterprise, and were disappointed and incensed36 at its ruinous result. They had a quarrel with young Moranget, whose hot and hasty temper was as little fitted to conciliate as was the harsh reserve of his uncle. Already at Fort St. Louis, Duhaut had intrigued37 among the men; and the mild admonition of Joutel had not, it seems, sufficed to divert him from his sinister38 purposes. Liotot, it is said, had secretly sworn vengeance39 against La Salle, whom he charged with having caused the death of his brother, or, as some will have it, his nephew. On one of the former journeys this young man's strength had failed; and, La Salle having ordered him to return to the fort, he had been killed by Indians on the way.
MURDER OF MORANGET.
The party moved again as the weather improved, and on the fifteenth of March encamped within a few miles of a spot which La Salle had passed on his [Pg 425] preceding journey, and where he had left a quantity of Indian corn and beans in cache; that is to say, hidden in the ground or in a hollow tree. As provisions were falling short, he sent a party from the camp to find it. These men were Duhaut, Liotot,[328] Hiens the buccaneer, Teissier, L'Archevêque, Nika the hunter, and La Salle's servant Saget. They opened the cache, and found the contents spoiled; but as they returned from their bootless errand they saw buffalo, and Nika shot two of them. They now encamped on the spot, and sent the servant to inform La Salle, in order that he might send horses to bring in the meat. Accordingly, on the next day, he directed Moranget and De Marle, with the necessary horses, to go with Saget to the hunters' camp. When they arrived, they found that Duhaut and his companions had already cut up the meat, and laid it upon scaffolds for smoking, though it was not yet so dry as, it seems, this process required. Duhaut and the others had also put by, for themselves, the marrow-bones and certain portions of the meat, to which, by woodland custom, they had a perfect right. Moranget, whose rashness and violence had once before caused a fatal catastrophe40, fell into a most unreasonable41 fit of rage, berated42 and menaced Duhaut and his party, and ended by seizing upon the whole of the meat, including the reserved portions. This added fuel to the fire of Duhaut's old grudge43 against Moranget and his uncle. There is reason to think [Pg 426] that he had harbored deadly designs, the execution of which was only hastened by the present outbreak. The surgeon also bore hatred44 against Moranget, whom he had nursed with constant attention when wounded by an Indian arrow, and who had since repaid him with abuse. These two now took counsel apart with Hiens, Teissier, and L'Archevêque; and it was resolved to kill Moranget that night. Nika, La Salle's devoted45 follower3, and Saget, his faithful servant, must die with him. All of the five were of one mind except the pilot Teissier, who neither aided nor opposed the plot.
Night came: the woods grew dark; the evening meal was finished, and the evening pipes were smoked. The order of the guard was arranged; and, doubtless by design, the first hour of the night was assigned to Moranget, the second to Saget, and the third to Nika. Gun in hand, each stood watch in turn over the silent but not sleeping forms around him, till, his time expiring, he called the man who was to relieve him, wrapped himself in his blanket, and was soon buried in a slumber23 that was to be his last. Now the assassins rose. Duhaut and Hiens stood with their guns cocked, ready to shoot down any one of the destined46 victims who should resist or fly. The surgeon, with an axe47, stole towards the three sleepers48, and struck a rapid blow at each in turn. Saget and Nika died with little movement; but Moranget started spasmodically into a sitting posture49, gasping50 and unable to speak; and the murderers [Pg 427] compelled De Marle, who was not in their plot, to compromise himself by despatching him.
The floodgates of murder were open, and the torrent51 must have its way. Vengeance and safety alike demanded the death of La Salle. Hiens, or "English Jem," alone seems to have hesitated; for he was one of those to whom that stern commander had always been partial. Meanwhile, the intended victim was still at his camp, about six miles distant. It is easy to picture, with sufficient accuracy, the features of the scene,—the sheds of bark and branches, beneath which, among blankets and buffalo-robes, camp-utensils, pack-saddles, rude harness, guns, powder-horns, and bullet-pouches, the men lounged away the hour, sleeping or smoking, or talking among themselves; the blackened kettles that hung from tripods of poles over the fires; the Indians strolling about the place or lying, like dogs in the sun, with eyes half-shut, yet all observant; and, in the neighboring meadow, the horses grazing under the eye of a watchman.
It was the eighteenth of March. Moranget and his companions had been expected to return the night before; but the whole day passed, and they did not appear. La Salle became very anxious. He resolved to go and look for them; but not well knowing the way, he told the Indians who were about the camp that he would give them a hatchet53 if they would guide him. One of them accepted the offer; and La Salle prepared to set out in the morning, at [Pg 428] the same time directing Joutel to be ready to go with him. Joutel says: "That evening, while we were talking about what could have happened to the absent men, he seemed to have a presentiment54 of what was to take place. He asked me if I had heard of any machinations against them, or if I had noticed any bad design on the part of Duhaut and the rest. I answered that I had heard nothing, except that they sometimes complained of being found fault with so often; and that this was all I knew; besides which, as they were persuaded that I was in his interest, they would not have told me of any bad design they might have. We were very uneasy all the rest of the evening."
THE FATAL SHOT.
In the morning, La Salle set out with his Indian guide. He had changed his mind with regard to Joutel, whom he now directed to remain in charge of the camp and to keep a careful watch. He told the friar Anastase Douay to come with him instead of Joutel, whose gun, which was the best in the party, he borrowed for the occasion, as well as his pistol. The three proceeded on their way,—La Salle, the friar, and the Indian. "All the way," writes the friar, "he spoke55 to me of nothing but matters of piety56, grace, and predestination; enlarging on the debt he owed to God, who had saved him from so many perils57 during more than twenty years of travel in America. Suddenly, I saw him overwhelmed with a profound sadness, for which he himself could not account. He was so much moved [Pg 429] that I scarcely knew him." He soon recovered his usual calmness; and they walked on till they approached the camp of Duhaut, which was on the farther side of a small river. Looking about him with the eye of a woodsman, La Salle saw two eagles circling in the air nearly over him, as if attracted by carcasses of beasts or men. He fired his gun and his pistol, as a summons to any of his followers who might be within hearing. The shots reached the ears of the conspirators58. Rightly conjecturing59 by whom they were fired, several of them, led by Duhaut, crossed the river at a little distance above, where trees or other intervening objects hid them from sight. Duhaut and the surgeon crouched60 like Indians in the long, dry, reed-like grass of the last summer's growth, while L'Archevêque stood in sight near the bank. La Salle, continuing to advance, soon saw him, and, calling to him, demanded where was Moranget. The man, without lifting his hat, or any show of respect, replied in an agitated61 and broken voice, but with a tone of studied insolence62, that Moranget was strolling about somewhere. La Salle rebuked63 and menaced him. He rejoined with increased insolence, drawing back, as he spoke, towards the ambuscade, while the incensed commander advanced to chastise64 him. At that moment a shot was fired from the grass, instantly followed by another; and, pierced through the brain, La Salle dropped dead.
The friar at his side stood terror-stricken, unable [Pg 430] to advance or to fly; when Duhaut, rising from the ambuscade, called out to him to take courage, for he had nothing to fear. The murderers now came forward, and with wild looks gathered about their victim. "There thou liest, great Bashaw! There thou liest!"[329] exclaimed the surgeon Liotot, in base exultation65 over the unconscious corpse66. With mockery and insult, they stripped it naked, dragged it into the bushes, and left it there, a prey67 to the buzzards and the wolves.
Thus in the vigor68 of his manhood, at the age of forty-three, died Robert Cavelier de la Salle, "one of the greatest men," writes Tonty, "of this age;" without question one of the most remarkable69 explorers whose names live in history. His faithful officer Joutel thus sketches70 his portrait: "His firmness, his courage, his great knowledge of the arts and sciences, which made him equal to every undertaking71, and his untiring energy, which enabled him to surmount72 every obstacle, would have won at last a glorious success for his grand enterprise, had not all his fine qualities been counterbalanced by a haughtiness73 of manner which often made him insupportable, and by a harshness towards those under his command which drew upon him an implacable hatred, and was at last the cause of his death."[330]
HIS CHARACTER.
The enthusiasm of the disinterested74 and chivalrous75 [Pg 431] Champlain was not the enthusiasm of La Salle; nor had he any part in the self-devoted zeal76 of the early Jesuit explorers. He belonged not to the age of the knight-errant and the saint, but to the modern world of practical study and practical action. He was the hero not of a principle nor of a faith, but simply of a fixed77 idea and a determined78 purpose. As often happens with concentred and energetic natures, his purpose was to him a passion and an inspiration; and he clung to it with a certain fanaticism79 of devotion. It was the offspring of an ambition vast and comprehensive, yet acting80 in the interest both of France and of civilization.
Serious in all things, incapable81 of the lighter82 pleasures, incapable of repose83, finding no joy but in the pursuit of great designs, too shy for society and too reserved for popularity, often unsympathetic and always seeming so, smothering84 emotions which he could not utter, schooled to universal distrust, stern to his followers and pitiless to himself, bearing the brunt of every hardship and every danger, demanding of others an equal constancy joined to an implicit85 deference86, heeding87 no counsel but his own, attempting the impossible and grasping at what was too vast to hold,—he contained in his own complex and painful nature the chief springs of his triumphs, his failures, and his death.
It is easy to reckon up his defects, but it is not easy to hide from sight the Roman virtues88 that redeemed89 them. Beset90 by a throng91 of enemies, he [Pg 432] stands, like the King of Israel, head and shoulders above them all. He was a tower of adamant92, against whose impregnable front hardship and danger, the rage of man and of the elements, the southern sun, the northern blast, fatigue93, famine, disease, delay, disappointment, and deferred94 hope emptied their quivers in vain. That very pride which, Coriolanus-like, declared itself most sternly in the thickest press of foes95, has in it something to challenge admiration96. Never, under the impenetrable mail of paladin or crusader, beat a heart of more intrepid97 mettle98 than within the stoic99 panoply100 that armed the breast of La Salle. To estimate aright the marvels101 of his patient fortitude102, one must follow on his track through the vast scene of his interminable journeyings,—those thousands of weary miles of forest, marsh6, and river, where, again and again, in the bitterness of baffled striving, the untiring pilgrim pushed onward103 towards the goal which he was never to attain104. America owes him an enduring memory; for in this masculine figure she sees the pioneer who guided her to the possession of her richest heritage.[331]
FOOTNOTES:
[325] Tonty also speaks of him as "un flibustier anglois." In another document, he is called "James."
[326] Of the three narratives105 of this journey, those of Joutel, Cavelier, and Anastase Douay, the first is by far the best. That of Cavelier seems the work of a man of confused brain and indifferent memory. Some of his statements are irreconcilable107 with those of Joutel and Douay; and known facts of his history justify108 the suspicion of a wilful109 inaccuracy. Joutel's account is of a very different character, and seems to be the work of an honest and intelligent man. Douay's account if brief; but it agrees with that of Joutel, in most essential points.
[327] Cavelier, Relation.
[328] Called Lanquetot by Tonty.
[329] "Te voilà, grand Bacha, te voilà!"—Joutel, Journal Historique, 203.
[330] Ibid.
[331] On the assassination of La Salle, the evidence is fourfold: 1. The narrative106 of Douay, who was with him at the time. 2. That of Joutel, who learned the facts, immediately after they took place, from Douay and others, and who parted from La Salle an hour or more before his death. 3. A document preserved in the Archives de la Marine110, entitled Relation de la Mort du Sr. de la Salle, suivant le rapport111 d'un nommé Couture à qui M. Cavelier l'apprit en passant au pays des Akansa, avec toutes les circonstances que le dit Couture a apprises112 d'un Fran?ois que M. Cavelier avoit laissé aux dits pays des Akansa, crainte qu'il ne gardat pas le secret. 4. The authentic113 [Pg 433]memoir of Tonty, of which a copy from the original is before me, and which has recently been printed by Margry.
The narrative of Cavelier unfortunately fails us several weeks before the death of his brother, the remainder being lost. On a study of these various documents, it is impossible to resist the conclusion that neither Cavelier nor Douay always wrote honestly. Joutel, on the contrary, gives the impression of sense, intelligence, and candor114 throughout. Charlevoix, who knew him long after, says that he was "un fort honnête homme, et le seul de la troupe115 de M. de la Salle, sur qui ce célèbre voyageur p?t compter." Tonty derived116 his information from the survivors117 of La Salle's party. Couture, whose statements are embodied118 in the Relation de la Mort de M. de la Salle, was one of Tonty's men, who, as will be seen hereafter, were left by him at the mouth of the Arkansas, and to whom Cavelier told the story of his brother's death. Couture also repeats the statements of one of La Salle's followers, undoubtedly119 a Parisian boy, named Barthelemy, who was violently prejudiced against his chief, whom he slanders120 to the utmost of his skill, saying that he was so enraged121 at his failures that he did not approach the sacraments for two years; that he nearly starved his brother Cavelier, allowing him only a handful of meal a day; that he killed with his own hand "quantité de personnes," who did not work to his liking122; and that he killed the sick in their beds, without mercy, under the pretence123 that they were counterfeiting124 sickness in order to escape work. These assertions certainly have no other foundation than the undeniable rigor125 of La Salle's command. Douay says that he confessed and made his devotions on the morning of his death, while Cavelier always speaks of him as the hope and the staff of the colony.
Douay declares that La Salle lived an hour after the fatal shot; that he gave him absolution, buried his body, and planted a cross on his grave. At the time, he told Joutel a different story; and the latter, with the best means of learning the facts, explicitly126 denies the friar's printed statement. Couture, on the authority of Cavelier himself, also says that neither he nor Douay was permitted to take any step for burying the body. Tonty says that Cavelier begged leave to do so, but was refused. Douay, unwilling127 to place upon record facts from which the inference might easily be drawn128 that he had been terrified from discharging his duty, no doubt invented the story of the burial, as well as that of the edifying129 behavior of Moranget, after he had been struck in the head with an axe.
The locality of La Salle's assassination is sufficiently130 clear, from a comparison of the several narratives; and it is also indicated on a contemporary manuscript map, made on the return of the survivors of the party to France. The scene of the catastrophe is here placed on a southern branch of the Trinity.
La Salle's debts, at the time of his death, according to a schedule presented in 1701 to Champigny, intendant of Canada, amounted to 106,831 livres, without reckoning interest. This cannot be meant to include all, as items are given which raise the amount much higher. In 1678 and 1679 alone, he contracted debts to the amount of 97,184 livres, of which 46,000 were furnished by Branssac, fiscal131 attorney of the Seminary of Montreal. This was to be paid in beaver-skins. Frontenac, at the same time, became his surety for 13,623 livres. In 1684, he borrowed 34,825 livres from the Sieur Pen, at Paris. These sums do not include the losses incurred132 by his family, which, in the memorial presented by them to the King, are set down at 500,000 livres for the expeditions between 1678 and 1683, and 300,000 livres for the fatal Texan expedition of 1684 These last figures are certainly exaggerated.
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assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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follower
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| n.跟随者；随员；门徒；信徒 | |
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conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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marshy
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| adj.沼泽的 | |
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marsh
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| n.沼泽，湿地 | |
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laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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eked
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| v.（靠节省用量）使…的供应持久( eke的过去式和过去分词 )；节约使用；竭力维持生计；勉强度日 | |
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wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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picketed
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| 用尖桩围住（picket的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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stockade
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| n.栅栏，围栏；v.用栅栏防护 | |
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grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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grove
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slumber
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slumbering
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| 微睡，睡眠（slumber的现在分词形式） | |
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saluted
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intercourse
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disarmed
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| v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 )；使息怒 | |
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lodges
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| v.存放( lodge的第三人称单数 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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herd
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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alligator
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| n.短吻鳄(一种鳄鱼) | |
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tormenting
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| 使痛苦的，使苦恼的 | |
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harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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intrigued
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| adj.好奇的，被迷住了的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的过去式)；激起…的兴趣或好奇心；“intrigue”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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38
sinister
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| adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的 | |
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39
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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40
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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41
unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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42
berated
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| v.严厉责备，痛斥( berate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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43
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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44
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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45
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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46
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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47
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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48
sleepers
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| n.卧铺（通常以复数形式出现）；卧车( sleeper的名词复数 )；轨枕；睡觉（呈某种状态）的人；小耳环 | |
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49
posture
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| n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势 | |
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50
gasping
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| adj. 气喘的, 痉挛的 动词gasp的现在分词 | |
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51
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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52
suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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53
hatchet
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| n.短柄小斧；v.扼杀 | |
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54
presentiment
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| n.预感，预觉 | |
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55
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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56
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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57
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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58
conspirators
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| n.共谋者，阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 ) | |
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59
conjecturing
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| v. & n. 推测，臆测 | |
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60
crouched
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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61
agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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62
insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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63
rebuked
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| 责难或指责( rebuke的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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64
chastise
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| vt.责骂，严惩 | |
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65
exultation
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| n.狂喜，得意 | |
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66
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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67
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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68
vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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69
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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70
sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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71
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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72
surmount
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| vt.克服；置于…顶上 | |
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73
haughtiness
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| n.傲慢；傲气 | |
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74
disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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75
chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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76
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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77
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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78
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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79
fanaticism
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| n.狂热，盲信 | |
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80
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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81
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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82
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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83
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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84
smothering
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的现在分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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85
implicit
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| a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的 | |
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86
deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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87
heeding
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| v.听某人的劝告，听从( heed的现在分词 ) | |
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88
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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89
redeemed
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| adj. 可赎回的，可救赎的 动词redeem的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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90
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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91
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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92
adamant
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| adj.坚硬的，固执的 | |
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93
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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94
deferred
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| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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95
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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96
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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97
intrepid
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| adj.无畏的，刚毅的 | |
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98
mettle
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| n.勇气，精神 | |
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99
stoic
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| n.坚忍克己之人，禁欲主义者 | |
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100
panoply
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| n.全副甲胄，礼服 | |
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101
marvels
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| n.奇迹( marvel的名词复数 )；令人惊奇的事物（或事例）；不平凡的成果；成就v.惊奇，对…感到惊奇( marvel的第三人称单数 ) | |
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102
fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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103
onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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104
attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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105
narratives
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| 记叙文( narrative的名词复数 )； 故事； 叙述； 叙述部分 | |
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106
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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107
irreconcilable
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| adj.（指人）难和解的，势不两立的 | |
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108
justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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109
wilful
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| adj.任性的，故意的 | |
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110
marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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111
rapport
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| n.和睦，意见一致 | |
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112
apprises
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| v.告知，通知( apprise的第三人称单数 )；评价 | |
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113
authentic
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| a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的 | |
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114
candor
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| n.坦白，率真 | |
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115
troupe
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| n.剧团，戏班；杂技团；马戏团 | |
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116
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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117
survivors
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| 幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 ) | |
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118
embodied
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| v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 )；象征；包括；包含 | |
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119
undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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120
slanders
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| 诽谤，诋毁( slander的名词复数 ) | |
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121
enraged
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| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 )； 歜； 激愤 | |
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122
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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123
pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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124
counterfeiting
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| n.伪造v.仿制，造假( counterfeit的现在分词 ) | |
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125
rigor
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| n.严酷，严格，严厉 | |
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126
explicitly
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| ad.明确地，显然地 | |
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127
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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128
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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129
edifying
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| adj.有教训意味的，教训性的，有益的v.开导，启发( edify的现在分词 ) | |
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130
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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131
fiscal
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| adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的 | |
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132
incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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