PITT.
Frederic of Prussia ? The Coalition1 against him ? His desperate Position ? Rossbach ? Leuthen ? Reverses of England ? Weakness of the Ministry2 ? A Change ? Pitt and Newcastle ? Character of Pitt ? Sources of his Power ? His Aims ? Louis XV. ? Pompadour ? She controls the Court, and directs the War ? Gloomy Prospects3 of England ? Disasters ? The New Ministry ? Inspiring Influence of Pitt ? The Tide turns ? British Victories ? Pitt's Plans for America ? Louisbourg, Ticonderoga, Duquesne ? New Commanders ? Naval4 Battles.
The war kindled5 in the American forest was now raging in full conflagration6 among the kingdoms of Europe; and in the midst stood Frederic of Prussia, a veritable fire-king. He had learned through secret agents that he was to be attacked, and that the wrath7 of Maria Theresa with her two allies, Pompadour and the Empress of Russia, was soon to wreak8 itself upon him. With his usual prompt audacity9 he anticipated his enemies, marched into Saxony, and began the Continental10 war. His position seemed desperate. England, sundered11 from Austria, her old ally, had made common cause with him; but he had no other friend worth the counting. France, Russia, Austria, Sweden, Saxony, the collective Germanic Empire, and most of the smaller German States had joined 39
V2 hands for his ruin, eager to crush him and divide the spoil, parcelling out his dominions12 among themselves in advance by solemn mutual13 compact. Against the five millions of Prussia were arrayed populations of more than a hundred million. The little kingdom was open on all sides to attack, and her enemies were spurred on by the bitterest animosity. It was thought that one campaign would end the war. The war lasted seven years, and Prussia came out of it triumphant14. Such a warrior15 as her indomitable king Europe has rarely seen. If the Seven Years War made the maritime16 and colonial greatness of England, it also raised Prussia to the rank of a first-class Power.
Frederic began with a victory, routing the Austrians in one of the fiercest of recorded conflicts, the battle of Prague. Then in his turn he was beaten at Kolin. All seemed lost. The hosts of the coalition were rolling in upon him like a deluge18. Surrounded by enemies, in the jaws19 of destruction, hoping for little but to die in battle, this strange hero solaced20 himself with an exhaustless effusion of bad verses, sometimes mournful, sometimes cynical21, sometimes indignant, and sometimes breathing a dauntless resolution; till, when his hour came, he threw down his pen to achieve those feats22 of arms which stamp him one of the foremost soldiers of the world.
The French and Imperialists, in overwhelming force, thought to crush him at Rossbach. He put them to shameful23 rout17; and then, instead of bonfires and Te Deums, mocked at them in doggerel24 40
V2 rhymes of amazing indecency. While he was beating the French, the Austrians took Silesia from him. He marched to recover it, found them strongly posted at Leuthen, eighty thousand men against thirty thousand, and without hesitation25 resolved to attack them. Never was he more heroic than on the eve of this, his crowning triumph. "The hour is at hand," he said to his generals. "I mean, in spite of the rules of military art, to attack Prince Karl's army, which is nearly thrice our own. This risk I must run, or all is lost. We must beat him or die, all of us, before his batteries." He burst unawares upon the Austrian right, and rolled their whole host together, corps26 upon corps, in a tumult27 of irretrievable ruin.
While her great ally was reaping a full harvest of laurels28, England, dragged into the Continental war because that apple of discord29, Hanover, belonged to her King, found little but humiliation30. Minorca was wrested31 from her, and the Ministry had an innocent man shot to avert32 from themselves the popular indignation; while the same Ministry, scared by a phantom33 of invasion, brought over German troops to defend British soil. But now an event took place pregnant with glorious consequence. The reins34 of power fell into the hands of William Pitt. He had already held them for a brief space, forced into office at the end of 1756 by popular clamor, in spite of the Whig leaders and against the wishes of the King. But the place was untenable. Newcastle's Parliament would not support him; the Duke of Cumberland 41
V2 opposed him; the King hated him; and in April, 1757, he was dismissed. Then ensued eleven weeks of bickering35 and dispute, during which, in the midst of a great war, England was left without a government. It became clear that none was possible without Pitt; and none with him could be permanent and strong unless joined with those influences which had thus far controlled the majorities of Parliament. Therefore an extraordinary union was brought about; Lord Chesterfield acting36 as go-between to reconcile the ill-assorted pair. One of them brought to the alliance the confidence and support of the people; the other, Court management, borough37 interest, and parliamentary connections. Newcastle was made First Lord of the Treasury38, and Pitt, the old enemy who had repeatedly browbeat39 and ridiculed40 him, became Secretary of State, with the lead of the House of Commons and full control of the war and foreign affairs. It was a partnership41 of magpie42 and eagle. The dirty work of government, intrigue43, bribery44, and all the patronage45 that did not affect the war, fell to the share of the old politician. If Pitt could appoint generals, admirals, and ambassadors, Newcastle was welcome to the rest. "I will borrow the Duke's majorities to carry on the government," said the new secretary; and with the audacious self-confidence that was one of his traits, he told the Duke of Devonshire, "I am sure that I can save this country, and that nobody else can." England hailed with one acclaim46 the undaunted leader who asked for no 42
V2 reward but the honor of serving her. The hour had found the man. For the next four years this imposing47 figure towers supreme48 in British history.
He had glaring faults, some of them of a sort not to have been expected in him. Vanity, the common weakness of small minds, was the most disfiguring foible of this great one. He had not the simplicity49 which becomes greatness so well. He could give himself theatrical50 airs, strike attitudes, and dart51 stage lightnings from his eyes; yet he was formidable even in his affectations. Behind his great intellectual powers lay a burning enthusiasm, a force of passion and fierce intensity52 of will, that gave redoubled impetus53 to the fiery54 shafts55 of his eloquence56; and the haughty57 and masterful nature of the man had its share in the ascendency which he long held over Parliament. He would blast the labored58 argument of an adversary59 by a look of scorn or a contemptuous wave of the hand.
The Great Commoner was not a man of the people in the popular sense of that hackneyed phrase. Though himself poor, being a younger son, he came of a rich and influential60 family; he was patrician61 at heart; both his faults and his virtues62, his proud incorruptibility and passionate63, domineering patriotism64, bore the patrician stamp. Yet he loved liberty and he loved the people, because they were the English people. The effusive65 humanitarianism66 of to-day had no part in him, and the democracy of to-day would detest67 him. Yet to the middle-class England of his own time, that unenfranchised England which 43
V2 had little representation in Parliament, he was a voice, an inspiration, and a tower of strength. He would not flatter the people; but, turning with contempt from the tricks and devices of official politics, he threw himself with a confidence that never wavered on their patriotism and public spirit. They answered him with a boundless68 trust, asked but to follow his lead, gave him without stint69 their money and their blood, loved him for his domestic virtues and his disinterestedness70, believed him even in his self-contradiction, and idolized him even in his bursts of arrogant71 passion. It was he who waked England from her lethargy, shook off the spell that Newcastle and his fellow-enchanters had cast over her, and taught her to know herself again. A heart that beat in unison72 with all that was British found responsive throbs73 in every corner of the vast empire that through him was to become more vast. With the instinct of his fervid74 patriotism he would join all its far-extended members into one, not by vain assertions of parliamentary supremacy75, but by bonds of sympathy and ties of a common freedom and a common cause.
The passion for power and glory subdued76 in him all the sordid77 parts of humanity, and he made the power and glory of England one with his own. He could change front through resentment78 or through policy; but in whatever path he moved, his objects were the same: not to curb79 the power of France in America, but to annihilate80 it; crush her navy, cripple her foreign trade, ruin her in 44
V2 India, in Africa, and wherever else, east or west, she had found foothold; gain for England the mastery of the seas, open to her the great highways of the globe, make her supreme in commerce and colonization81; and while limiting the activities of her rival to the European continent, give to her the whole world for a sphere.
To this British Roman was opposed the pampered82 Sardanapalus of Versailles, with the silken favorite who by calculated adultery had bought the power to ruin France. The Marquise de Pompadour, who began life as Jeanne Poisson,—Jane Fish,—daughter of the head clerk of a banking83 house, who then became wife of a rich financier, and then, as mistress of the King, rose to a pinnacle84 of gilded85 ignominy, chose this time to turn out of office the two ministers who had shown most ability and force,—Argenson, head of the department of war, and Machault, head of the marine86 and colonies; the one because he was not subservient87 to her will, and the other because he had unwittingly touched the self-love of her royal paramour. She aspired88 to a share in the conduct of the war, and not only made and unmade ministers and generals, but discussed campaigns and battles with them, while they listened to her prating89 with a show of obsequious90 respect, since to lose her favor was to risk losing all. A few months later, when blows fell heavy and fast, she turned a deaf ear to representations of financial straits and military disasters, played the heroine, affected91 a greatness of soul superior to misfortune, 45
V2 and in her perfumed boudoir varied92 her tiresome93 graces by posing as a Roman matron. In fact she never wavered in her spite against Frederic, and her fortitude94 was perfect in bearing the sufferings of others and defying dangers that could not touch her.
When Pitt took office it was not over France, but over England that the clouds hung dense95 and black. Her prospects were of the gloomiest. "Whoever is in or whoever is out," wrote Chesterfield, "I am sure we are undone96 both at home and abroad: at home by our increasing debt and expenses; abroad by our ill-luck and incapacity. We are no longer a nation." And his despondency was shared by many at the beginning of the most triumphant Administration in British history. The shuffling97 weakness of his predecessors98 had left Pitt a heritage of tribulation99. From America came news of Loudon's manifold failures; from Germany that of the miscarriage100 of the Duke of Cumberland, who, at the head of an army of Germans in British pay, had been forced to sign the convention of Kloster-Zeven, by which he promised to disband them. To these disasters was added a third, of which the new Government alone had to bear the burden. At the end of summer Pitt sent a great expedition to attack Rochefort; the military and naval commanders disagreed, and the consequence was failure. There was no light except from far-off India, where Clive won the great victory of Plassey, avenged101 the Black Hole of Calcutta, and prepared the 46
V2 ruin of the French power and the undisputed ascendency of England.
If the English had small cause as yet to rejoice in their own successes, they found comfort in those of their Prussian allies. The rout of the French at Rossbach and of the Austrians at Leuthen spread joy through their island. More than this, they felt that they had found at last a leader after their own heart; and the consciousness regenerated102 them. For the paltering imbecility of the old Ministry they had the unconquerable courage, the iron purpose, the unwavering faith, the inextinguishable hope, of the new one. "England has long been in labor," said Frederic of Prussia, "and at last she has brought forth103 a man." It was not only that instead of weak commanders Pitt gave her strong ones; the same men who had served her feebly under the blight104 of the Newcastle Administration served her manfully and well under his robust105 impulsion. "Nobody ever entered his closet," said Colonel Barré, "who did not come out of it a braver man." That inspiration was felt wherever the British flag waved. Zeal106 awakened107 with the assurance that conspicuous108 merit was sure of its reward, and that no officer who did his duty would now be made a sacrifice, like Admiral Byng, to appease109 public indignation at ministerial failures. As Nature, languishing110 in chill vapors111 and dull smothering112 fogs, revives at the touch of the sun, so did England spring into fresh life under the kindling113 influence of one great man.
47
V2 With the opening of the year 1758 her course of Continental victories began. The Duke of Cumberland, the King's son, was recalled in disgrace, and a general of another stamp, Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, was placed in command of the Germans in British pay, with the contingent114 of English troops now added to them. The French, too, changed commanders. The Duke of Richelieu, a dissolute old beau, returned to Paris to spend in heartless gallantries the wealth he had gained by plunder115; and a young soldier-churchman, the Comte de Clermont, took his place. Prince Ferdinand pushed him hard with an inferior force, drove him out of Hanover, and captured eleven thousand of his soldiers. Clermont was recalled, and was succeeded by Contades, another incapable116. One of his subordinates won for him the battle of Lutterberg; but the generalship of Ferdinand made it a barren victory, and the campaign remained a success for the English. They made descents on the French coasts, captured St.-Servan, a suburb of St.-Malo, and burned three ships of the line, twenty-four privateers, and sixty merchantmen; then entered Cherbourg, destroyed the forts, carried off or spiked117 the cannon118, and burned twenty-seven vessels,—a success partially119 offset120 by a failure on the coast of Brittany, where they were repulsed121 with some loss. In Africa they drove the French from the Guinea coast, and seized their establishment at Senegal.
It was towards America that Pitt turned his heartiest122 efforts. His first aim was to take Louisbourg, 48
V2 as a step towards taking Quebec; then Ticonderoga, that thorn in the side of the northern colonies; and lastly Fort Duquesne, the Key of the Great West. He recalled Loudon, for whom he had a fierce contempt; but there were influences which he could not disregard, and Major-General Abercromby, who was next in order of rank, an indifferent soldier, though a veteran in years, was allowed to succeed him, and lead in person the attack on Ticonderoga. [574] Pitt hoped that Brigadier Lord Howe, an admirable officer, who was joined with Abercromby, would be the real commander, and make amends123 for all shortcomings of his chief. To command the Louisbourg expedition, Colonel Jeffrey Amherst was recalled from the German war, and made at one leap a major-general. [575] He was energetic and resolute124, somewhat cautious and slow, but with a bulldog tenacity125 of grip. Under him were three brigadiers, Whitmore, Lawrence, and Wolfe, of whom the youngest is the most noteworthy. In the luckless Rochefort expedition, Colonel James Wolfe was conspicuous by a dashing gallantry that did not escape the eye of Pitt, always on the watch for men to do his work. The young officer was ardent127, headlong, void of fear, often rash, almost fanatical in his devotion to military duty, and reckless of life when the glory of England or his own was at stake. The third 49
V2 expedition, that against Fort Duquesne, was given to Brigadier John Forbes, whose qualities well fitted him for the task.
[574] Order, War Office, 19 Dec. 1757.
[575] Pitt to Abercromby, 27 Jan. 1758. Instructions for our Trusty and Well-beloved Jeffrey Amherst, Esq., Major-General of our Forces in North America, 3 March, 1758.
During his first short term of office, Pitt had given a new species of troops to the British army. These were the Scotch128 Highlanders, who had risen against the House of Hanover in 1745, and would rise against it again should France accomplish her favorite scheme of throwing a force into Scotland to excite another insurrection for the Stuarts. But they would be useful to fight the French abroad, though dangerous as their possible allies at home; and two regiments129 of them were now ordered to America.
Delay had been the ruin of the last year's attempt against Louisbourg. This time preparation was urged on apace; and before the end of winter two fleets had put to sea: one, under Admiral Boscawen, was destined130 for Louisbourg; while the other, under Admiral Osborn, sailed for the Mediterranean131 to intercept132 the French fleet of Admiral La Clue, who was about to sail from Toulon for America. Osborn, cruising between the coasts of Spain and Africa, barred the way to the Straits of Gibraltar, and kept his enemy imprisoned133. La Clue made no attempt to force a passage; but several combats of detached ships took place, one of which is too remarkable134 to pass unnoticed. Captain Gardiner of the "Monmouth," a ship of four hundred and seventy men and sixty-four guns, engaged the French ship "Foudroyant," carrying a thousand men and eighty-four guns of 50
V2 heavier metal than those of the Englishman. Gardiner had lately been reproved by Anson, First Lord of the Admiralty, for some alleged135 misconduct or shortcoming, and he thought of nothing but retrieving136 his honor. "We must take her," he said to his crew as the "Foudroyant" hove in sight. "She looks more than a match for us, but I will not quit her while this ship can swim or I have a soul left alive;" and the sailors answered with cheers. The fight was long and furious. Gardiner was killed by a musket137 shot, begging his first lieutenant138 with his dying breath not to haul down his flag. The lieutenant nailed it to the mast. At length the "Foudroyant" ceased from thundering, struck her colors, and was carried a prize to England. [576]
[576] Entick, III. 56-60.
The typical British naval officer of that time was a rugged139 sea-dog, a tough and stubborn fighter, though no more so than the politer generations that followed, at home on the quarter-deck, but no ornament140 to the drawing-room, by reason of what his contemporary, Entick, the strenuous141 chronicler of the war, calls, not unapprovingly, "the ferocity of his manners." While Osborn held La Clue imprisoned at Toulon, Sir Edward Hawke, worthy126 leader of such men, sailed with seven ships of the line and three frigates142 to intercept a French squadron from Rochefort convoying a fleet of transports with troops for America. The French ships cut their cables and ran for the shore, where most of them stranded143 in 51
V2 the mud, and some threw cannon and munitions144 overboard to float themselves. The expedition was broken up. Of the many ships fitted out this year for the succor145 of Canada and Louisbourg, comparatively few reached their destination, and these for the most part singly or by twos and threes.
Meanwhile Admiral Boscawen with his fleet bore away for Halifax, the place of rendezvous146, and Amherst, in the ship "Dublin," followed in his wake.
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1
coalition
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| n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合 | |
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ministry
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| n.(政府的)部；牧师 | |
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prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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conflagration
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| n.建筑物或森林大火 | |
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wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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wreak
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| v.发泄；报复 | |
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audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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continental
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| adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的 | |
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sundered
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| v.隔开，分开( sunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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maritime
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| adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的 | |
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rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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solaced
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| v.安慰，慰藉( solace的过去分词 ) | |
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cynical
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| adj.(对人性或动机)怀疑的，不信世道向善的 | |
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feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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doggerel
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| n.拙劣的诗，打油诗 | |
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hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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laurels
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| n.桂冠，荣誉 | |
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discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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humiliation
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| n.羞辱 | |
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wrested
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| （用力）拧( wrest的过去式和过去分词 )； 费力取得； （从…）攫取； （ 从… ） 强行取去… | |
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avert
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| v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等) | |
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phantom
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| n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的 | |
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reins
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| 感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带 | |
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bickering
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| v.争吵( bicker的现在分词 )；口角；（水等）作潺潺声；闪烁 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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borough
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| n.享有自治权的市镇；(英)自治市镇 | |
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treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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browbeat
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| v.欺侮；吓唬 | |
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ridiculed
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| v.嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落( ridicule的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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partnership
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| n.合作关系，伙伴关系 | |
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magpie
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| n.喜欢收藏物品的人，喜鹊，饶舌者 | |
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intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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bribery
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| n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿 | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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acclaim
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| v.向…欢呼，公认；n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞 | |
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imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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theatrical
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| adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的 | |
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dart
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| v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲 | |
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intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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impetus
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| n.推动，促进，刺激；推动力 | |
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fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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56
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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57
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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58
labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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59
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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60
influential
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| adj.有影响的，有权势的 | |
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61
patrician
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| adj.贵族的，显贵的；n.贵族；有教养的人；罗马帝国的地方官 | |
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62
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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63
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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64
patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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65
effusive
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| adj.热情洋溢的；感情(过多)流露的 | |
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66
humanitarianism
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| n.博爱主义；人道主义；基督凡人论 | |
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67
detest
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| vt.痛恨，憎恶 | |
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68
boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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69
stint
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| v.节省，限制，停止；n.舍不得化，节约，限制；连续不断的一段时间从事某件事 | |
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70
disinterestedness
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71
arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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72
unison
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| n.步调一致，行动一致 | |
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73
throbs
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| 体内的跳动( throb的名词复数 ) | |
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74
fervid
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| adj.热情的；炽热的 | |
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75
supremacy
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| n.至上；至高权力 | |
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76
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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77
sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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78
resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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79
curb
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| n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制 | |
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80
annihilate
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| v.使无效；毁灭；取消 | |
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81
colonization
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| 殖民地的开拓，殖民，殖民地化； 移殖 | |
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82
pampered
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| adj.饮食过量的，饮食奢侈的v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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83
banking
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| n.银行业，银行学，金融业 | |
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84
pinnacle
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| n.尖塔，尖顶，山峰；(喻)顶峰 | |
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85
gilded
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| a.镀金的，富有的 | |
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86
marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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87
subservient
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| adj.卑屈的，阿谀的 | |
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88
aspired
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| v.渴望，追求( aspire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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89
prating
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| v.（古时用语）唠叨，啰唆( prate的现在分词 ) | |
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90
obsequious
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| adj.谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的 | |
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91
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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92
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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93
tiresome
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| adj.令人疲劳的，令人厌倦的 | |
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94
fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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95
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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96
undone
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| a.未做完的，未完成的 | |
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97
shuffling
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| adj. 慢慢移动的, 滑移的 动词shuffle的现在分词形式 | |
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98
predecessors
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| n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身 | |
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99
tribulation
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| n.苦难，灾难 | |
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100
miscarriage
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| n.失败，未达到预期的结果；流产 | |
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101
avenged
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| v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的过去式和过去分词 )；为…报复 | |
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102
regenerated
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| v.新生，再生( regenerate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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103
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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104
blight
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| n.枯萎病；造成破坏的因素；vt.破坏，摧残 | |
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105
robust
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| adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的 | |
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106
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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107
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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108
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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109
appease
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| v.安抚，缓和，平息，满足 | |
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110
languishing
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| a. 衰弱下去的 | |
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111
vapors
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| n.水汽，水蒸气，无实质之物( vapor的名词复数 )；自夸者；幻想 [药]吸入剂 [古]忧郁（症）v.自夸，（使）蒸发( vapor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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112
smothering
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| （使）窒息， （使）透不过气( smother的现在分词 )； 覆盖； 忍住； 抑制 | |
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113
kindling
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| n. 点火, 可燃物 动词kindle的现在分词形式 | |
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114
contingent
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| adj.视条件而定的；n.一组，代表团，分遣队 | |
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115
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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116
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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117
spiked
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| adj.有穗的；成锥形的；有尖顶的 | |
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118
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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119
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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120
offset
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| n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿 | |
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121
repulsed
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| v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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122
heartiest
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| 亲切的( hearty的最高级 )； 热诚的； 健壮的； 精神饱满的 | |
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123
amends
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| n. 赔偿 | |
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124
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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125
tenacity
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| n.坚韧 | |
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126
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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127
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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128
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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129
regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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130
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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131
Mediterranean
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| adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的 | |
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132
intercept
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| vt.拦截，截住，截击 | |
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133
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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134
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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135
alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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136
retrieving
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| n.检索（过程），取还v.取回( retrieve的现在分词 )；恢复；寻回；检索（储存的信息） | |
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137
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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138
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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139
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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140
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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141
strenuous
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| adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的 | |
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142
frigates
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| n.快速军舰( frigate的名词复数 ) | |
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143
stranded
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| a.搁浅的，进退两难的 | |
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144
munitions
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| n.军火，弹药；v.供应…军需品 | |
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145
succor
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| n.援助，帮助；v.给予帮助 | |
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146
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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