COMPLINE
In which a sermon is heard about the coming of the Antichrist, and Adso discovers the power of proper names.
Vespers had been sung in a confused fashion while the interrogation of the cellarer was still under way, with the curious novices1 escaping their master’s control to observe through windows and cracks what was going on in the chapter hall. Now the whole community was to pray for the good soul of Severinus. Everyone expected the abbot to speak, and wondered what he would say. But instead, after the ritual homily of Saint Gregory, the responsory, and the three prescribed psalms4, the abbot did step into the pulpit, but only to say he would remain silent this evening. Too many calamities5 had befallen the abbey, he said, to allow even the spiritual father to speak in a tone of reproach and admonition. Everyone, with no exceptions, should now make a strict examination of conscience. But since it was necessary for someone to speak, he suggested the admonition should come from the oldest of their number, now close to death, the brother who was the least involved of all in the terrestrial passions that had generated so many evils. By right of age Alinardo of Grottaferrata should speak, but all knew the fragile condition of the venerable brother’s health. Immediately after Alinardo, in the order established by the inevitable6 progress of time, came Jorge. And the abbot now called upon him.
We heard a murmuring from the section of the stalls where Aymaro and the other Italians usually sat. I suspected the abbot had entrusted8 the sermon to Jorge without discussing the matter with Alinardo. My master pointed9 out to me, in a whisper, that the abbot’s deci?sion not to speak had been wise, because whatever he might have said would have been judged by Bernard and the other Avignonese present. Old Jorge, on the other hand, would confine himself to his usual mystical prophecies, and the Avignonese would not attach much importance to them. “But I will,” William added, “because I don’t believe Jorge agreed, and perhaps asked, to speak without a very precise purpose.”
Jorge climbed into the pulpit, with someone’s help. His face was illuminated12 by the tripod, which alone lighted the nave13. The glow of the flame underlined the darkness shrouding14 his eyes, which seemed two black holes.
“Most beloved brothers,” he began, “and all of our guests, most dear to us. If you care to listen to this poor old man ... The four deaths that have afflicted15 our abbey—not to mention the sins, remote and recent, of the most abject16 among the living—are not, as you know, to be attributed to the severity of nature, which, impla?cable in its rhythms, ordains17 our earthly day, from cradle to grave. All of you no doubt believe that, though you have been overwhelmed with grief, these sad events have not involved your soul, because all of you, save one, are innocent, and when this one has been punished, while you will, to be sure, continue to mourn the absence of those who have gone, you will not have to clear yourselves of any charge before the tribunal of God. So you believe. Madmen!” he shouted in an awful voice. “Madmen and presumptuous18 fools that you are! He who has killed will bear before God the burden of his guilt19, but only because he agreed to become the vehicle of the decrees of God. Just as it was necessary for someone to betray Jesus in order for the mystery of redemption to be accomplished20, yet the Lord sanctioned damnation and vituperation for the one who betrayed him. Thus someone has sinned in these days, bringing death and ruination, but I say to you that this ruination was, if not desired, at least per?mitted by God for the humbling21 of our pride!”
He was silent, and turned his blank gaze on the solemn assembly as if his eyes could perceive its emotions, as in fact with his ear he savored22 the silence and consternation23.
“In this community,” he went on, “for some time the serpent of pride has been coiled. But what pride? The pride of power, in a monastery24 isolated25 from the world? No, certainly not. The pride of wealth? My brothers, before the known world echoed with long debates about poverty and ownership, from the days of our founder26, we, even when we had everything, have never had anything, our one true wealth being the observation of the Rule, prayer, and work. But of our work, the work of our order and in particular the work of this monastery, a part—indeed, the substance—is study, and the preser?vation of knowledge. Preservation27 of, I say, not search for, because the property of knowledge, as a divine thing, is that it is complete and has been defined since the beginning, in the perfection of the Word which expresses itself to itself. Preservation, I say, and not search, because it is a property of knowledge, as a human thing, that it has been defined and completed over the course of the centuries, from the preaching of the prophets to the interpretation28 of the fathers of the church. There is no progress, no revolution of ages, in the history of knowledge, but at most a continuous and sublime29 recapitulation. Human history proceeds with a motion that cannot be arrested, from the creation through the redemption, toward the return of Christ triumphant30, who will appear seated on a cloud to judge the quick and the dead; but human and divine knowledge does not follow this path: steady as a fort that does not cede31, it allows us, when we are humble32 and alert to its voice, to follow, to predict this path, but it is not touched by the path. I am He who is, said the God of the Jews. I am the way, the truth, and the life, said our Lord. “There you have it: knowledge is nothing but the awed33 comment on these two truths. Everything else that has been said was uttered by the prophets, by the evangelists, by , the fathers and the doctors, to make these two sayings clearer. And sometimes an apposite comment came also from the pagans, who were ignorant of them, and their words have been taken into the Christian35 tradition. But beyond that there is nothing further to say. There is only to continue meditation36, to gloss37, preserve. This was and should be the office of our abbey with its splendid library—nothing else. It is said that an Oriental caliph one day set fire to the library of a famous and glorious and proud city, and that, as those thousands of volumes were burning, he said that they could and should disappear: either they were repeating what the Koran already said, and therefore they were useless, or else they contradicted that book sacred to the infidels, and therefore they were harmful: The doctors of the church, and we along with them, did not reason in this way. Everything that involves commentary and clarification of Scripture38 must be preserved, because it enhances the glory of the divine writings; what contradicts must not be destroyed, be?cause only if we preserve it can it be contradicted in its turn by those who can do so and are so charged, in the ways and times that the Lord chooses. Hence the re?sponsibility of our order through the centuries, and the burden of our abbey today: proud of the truth we proclaim, humble and prudent39 in preserving those words hostile to the truth, without allowing ourselves to be soiled by them. Now, my brothers, what is the sin of pride that can tempt40 a scholar-monk? That of consider?ing as his task not preserving but seeking some informa?tion not yet vouchsafed41 mankind, as if the last word had not already resounded42 in the words of the last angel who speaks in the last book of Scripture: ‘For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book. If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: and if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.’ There ... does it not seem to you, my unfortunate brothers, that these words only adumbrate43 what has recently happened within these walls, whereas what has happened within these walls adumbrates44 only the same vicissitude45 as that afflicting46 the century in which we live, determined47 in word and in deed, in cities as in castles, in proud universities and cathedral churches, to seek anxiously to discover new codicils48 to the words of the truth, distorting the meaning of that truth already rich in all the scholia, and requiring only fearless de?fense and not foolish increment49? This is the pride that lurked50 and is still lurking51 within these walls: and I say to him who has labored52 and labors53 to break the seals of the books that are not his to see, that it is this pride the Lord wanted to punish and will continue to punish if it is not brought down and does not humble itself, for the Lord has no difficulty in finding, always and still, thanks to our fragility, the instruments of His vengeance54.”
“Did you hear that, Adso?” William murmured to me. “The old man knows more than he is saying. Whether or not he had a hand in this business, he knows, and is warning, that if certain curious monks55 continue violating the library, the abbey will not regain56 its peace.”
Jorge, after a long pause, now resumed speaking.
“But who, finally, is the very symbol of this pride, of whom the proud are the illustration and messengers, the accomplices57 and standard-bearers? Who in truth has acted and is perhaps acting58 also inside these walls, so as to warn us that the time is at hand—and to console us, because if the time is at hand, the sufferings will surely be intolerable, but not infinite, since the great cycle of this universe is about to be fulfilled? Oh, you have all understood very well, and you fear to utter the name, for it is also yours and you are afraid of it, but though you have fear, I shall have none, and I will say this name in a loud voice so that your viscera may twist in fright and your teeth chatter59 and cut off your tongue, and the chill that forms in your blood make a dark veil descend60 over your eyes. ... He is the foul61 beast, he is the Antichrist!”
He paused for a long time. The listeners seemed dead. The only moving thing in the whole church was the flame in the tripod, but even the shadows it formed seemed to have frozen. The only sound, faint, was Jorge’s gasping62, as he wiped the sweat from his brow. Then Jorge went on.
“You would perhaps like to say to me: No, he has not yet come; where are the signs of his coming? Fool who says this! Why, we have them before our eyes, day after day, in the great amphitheater of the world and in the narrower image of the abbey, the premonitory cata?strophes. ... It has been said that when the moment is near, a foreign king will rise in the West, lord of immense deceits, atheist63, killer64 of men, fraudulent, thirsting for gold, skilled in tricks, wicked, enemy and persecutor65 of the faithful, and in his time he will not hold silver dear but will esteem66 only gold! I know well, you who listen to me hasten now to make your calcula?tions to see whether he of whom I speak resembles the Pope or the Emperor or the King of France or whomev?er you will, so that you will be able to say: He is my enemy and I am on the right side! But I am not so ingenuous67; I will not single out one man for you. The Antichrist, when he comes, comes in all and for all, and, each is a part of him. He will be in the bands of brigands68 who sack cities and countryside, he will be in unforeseen signs in the heavens whereby suddenly rain?bows will appear, horns and fires, while the moaning of voices will be heard and the sea will boil. It has been said that men and animals will generate monsters, but this means that hearts will conceive hatred69 and discord70. Do not look around you for a glimpse of the animals of the illuminations you so enjoy on parchments! It has been said that young wives not long wed34 will give birth to babes already able to speak perfectly71, who will bring word that the time is at hand and will ask to be killed. But do not search the villages down below us, the too-wise babes have already been killed inside these very walls! And like those babes of the prophecies, they had the appearance of men already old, and in the prophecy they were the quadruped children, and the ghosts, and the embryos72 that were to prophesy73 in the mothers’ wombs uttering magic spells. And all has been written, do you know that? It has been written that many will be the agitations74 among those of rank, and among the peoples, the churches; that wicked shep?herds75 will rise up, perverse76, disdainful, greedy, pleasure-?seeking, lovers of gain, enjoyers of idle speech, boastful, proud, avid77, arrogant78, plunged79 in lewdness80, seekers of vainglory, enemies of the Gospel, ready to repudiate81 the strait gate, to despise the true word; and they will hate every path of piety82, they will not repent83 their sins, and therefore will spread among all peoples disbelief, fraternal hatred, wickedness, hardness of heart, envy, indifference84, robbery, drunkenness, intemperance85, lasciviousness86, carnal pleasure, fornication, and all the other vices2. Affliction will vanish, and humility87, love of peace, poverty, compassion88, the gift of tears. ... Come, do you not recognize yourselves, all of you here present, monks of this abbey and mighty89 visitors from the outside world?”
In the pause that followed a rustling90 was heard. It was Cardinal91 Bertrand wriggling92 on his bench. After all, I thought, Jorge was behaving like a great preacher, and as he lashed93 his brothers he was not sparing the guests, either. I would have given anything to know what was going through Bernard’s mind at that moment, or the minds of the fat Avignonese.
“And it will be at this point, precisely94 this,” Jorge thundered, “that the Antichrist will have his blasphe?mous apparition95, ape as he wants to be of our Lord. In those times (which are these) all kingdoms will be swept away, there will be famine and poverty, and poor harvests, and winters of exceptional severity. And the children of that time (which is this) will no longer have anyone to administer their goods and preserve food in their storerooms, and they will be harassed96 in the markets of buying and selling. Blessed, then, are those who will no longer live, or who, living, will be able to survive! Then will come the son of perdition, the enemy who boasts and swells97 up, displaying many virtues98 to deceive the whole earth and to prevail over the just. Syria will fall and mourn her sons. Cilicia will raise her head until he who is called to judge her shall appear. The daughter of Babylon will rise from the throne of her splendor99 to drink from the cup of bitterness. Cappadocia, Lycia, and Lycaonia will bow down, for whole throngs100 will be destroyed in the corruption101 of their iniquity102. Barbarian103 camps and war chariots will appear on all sides to occupy the lands. In Armenia, in Pontus, and in Bithynia youths will die by the sword, girl children will be taken prisoner, sons and daughters will commit incest. Pisidia, who boasts in her glory, will be laid prostrate104, the sword will pass through the midst of Phoenicia, Judaea will be garbed105 in mourning and will prepare for the day of perdition brought on by her impurity106. On every side will appear abomination and desolation, the Antichrist will defeat the West and will destroy the trade routes; in his hand he will have sword and raging fire, and in violent fury the flame will burn: his strength will be blasphemy107, his hand treachery, the right hand will be ruin, the left the bearer of darkness. These are the features that will mark him: his head will be of burning fire, his right eye will be bloodshot, his left eye a feline108 green with two pupils, and his eyebrows109 will be white, his lower lip swollen110, his ankle weak, his feet big, his thumb crushed and elongated111!”
“It seems his own portrait,” William whispered, chuckling112. It was a very wicked remark, but I was grateful to him for it, because my hair was beginning to stand on end. I could barely stifle113 a laugh, my cheeks swelling114 as my clenched115 lips let out a puff116. A sound that, in the silence following the old man’s words, was clearly audible, but fortunately everyone thought some?one was coughing, or weeping, or shuddering117; and all of them were right.
“It is the moment,” Jorge was now saying, “when everything will fall into lawlessness, sons will raise their hands against fathers, wives will plot against husbands, husbands will bring wives to law, masters will be inhu?man to servants and servants will disobey their masters, there will be no more respect for the old, the young will demand to rule, work will seem a useless chore to all, everywhere songs will rise praising license118, vice3, disso?lute119 liberty of behavior. And after that, rape120, adultery, perjury121, sins against nature will follow in a great wave, and disease, and soothsaying, and spells, and flying bodies will appear in the heavens, in the midst of the good Christians122 false prophets will rise, false apostles, corrupters, impostors, wizards, rapists, usurers, perjur?ers and falsifiers; the shepherds will turn into wolves, priests will lie, monks will desire things of this world, the poor will not hasten to the aid of their lords, the powerful will be without mercy, the just will bear wit?ness to injustice123. All cities will be shaken by earthquakes, there will be pestilence124 in every land, storm winds will uproot125 the earth, the fields will be contaminated, the sea will secrete126 black humors, new and strange wonders will take place upon the moon, the stars will abandon their courses, other stars—unknown—will furrow127 the sky, it will snow in summer, and in winter the heat will be intense. And the times of the end will have come, and the end of time. ... On the first day at the third hour in the firmament128 a great and powerful voice will be raised, a purple cloud will advance from the north, thunder and lightning will follow it, and on the earth a rain of blood will fall. On the second day the earth will be uprooted129 from its seat and the smoke of a great fire will pass through the gates of the sky. On the third day the abysses of the earth will rumble130 from the four corners of the cosmos131. The pinnacles132 of the firmament will open, the air will be filled with columns of smoke, and there will be the stench of sulphur until the tenth hour. On the fourth day, early in the morning, the abyss will liquefy and emit explosions, and buildings will collapse133. On the fifth day at the sixth hour the powers of light and the wheel of the sun will be destroyed, and there will be darkness over the earth till evening, and the stars and the moon will cease their office. On the sixth day at the fourth hour the firma?ment will split from east to west and the angels will be able to look down on the earth through the crack in the heavens and all those on earth will be able to see the angels looking down from heaven. Then all men will hide on the mountains to escape the gaze of the just angels. And on the seventh day Christ will arrive in the light of his Father. And there will then be the judgment134 of the just and their ascent135, in the eternal bliss136 of bodies and souls. But this is not the object of your meditation this evening, proud brothers! It is not sin?ners who will see the dawn of the eighth day, when a sweet and tender voice will rise from the east, in the midst of the heavens, and that angel will be seen who commands all the other holy angels, and all the angels will advance together with him, seated on a chariot of clouds, filled with joy, speeding through the air, to set free the blessed who have believed, and all together they will rejoice because the destruction of this world will have been consummated137! But this is not to make us rejoice proudly this evening! We will meditate138 instead on the words the Lord will utter to drive from him those who have not earned salvation139: Far from me, ye accursed, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for you by the Devil and his ministers) You yourselves have earned it, and now enjoy it! Go ye from me, descending140 into the eternal darkness and into the unquenchable fire! I made you and you became follow?ers of another! You became servants of another lord, go and dwell with him in the darkness, with him, the serpent who never rests, amid the gnashing of teeth! I gave you ears to hear the Scripture and you listened to the words of pagans! I formed a mouth for you to glorify141 God, and you used it for the lies of poets and the riddles142 of buffoons143! I gave you eyes to see the light of my precepts144, and you used them to peer into the darkness! I am a humane145 judge, but a just one. To each I shall give what he deserves. I would have mercy on you, but I find no oil in your jars. I would be impelled146 to take pity, but your lamps are not cleaned. Go from me. ... Thus will speak the Lord. And they ... and per?haps10 we ... will descend into the eternal torment147. In the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.”
“Amen,” all replied, with one voice.
In a line, without a murmur7, the monks went off to their pallets. Feeling no desire to speak with one another, the Minorites and the Pope’s men disappeared, longing148 for solitude149 and rest. My heart was heavy.
“To bed, Adso,” William said to me, climbing the stairs of the pilgrims’ hospice. “This is not a night for roaming about. Bernard Gui might have the idea of heralding150 the end of the world by beginning with our carcasses. Tomorrow we must try to be present at matins, because immediately afterward151 Michael and the other Minorites will leave.”
“Will Bernard leave, too, with his prisoners?” I asked in a faint voice.
“Surely he has nothing more to do here. He will want to precede Michael to Avignon, but in such a way that Michael’s arrival coincides with the trial of the cellarer, a Minorite, heretic, and murderer. The pyre of the cellarer will illuminate11, like a propitiatory152 torch, Michael’s first meeting with the Pope.”
“And what will become of Salvatore and ... the girl?”
“Salvatore will go with the cellarer, because he will have to testify at the trial. Perhaps in exchange for this service Bernard will grant him his life. He may allow him to escape and then have him killed, or he may really let him go, because a man like Salvatore is of no interest to a man like Bernard. Who knows? Perhaps Salvatore will end up a cutthroat bandit in some forest of Languedoc. ...”
“And the girl?”
“I told you: she is burnt flesh. But she will be burned beforehand, along the way, to the edification of some Catharist village along the coast. I have heard it said that Bernard is to meet his colleague Jacques Fournier (remember that name: for the present he is burning Albigensians, but he has higher ambitions), and a beau?tiful witch to throw on the fire will increase the prestige and the fame of both. ...”
“But can nothing be done to save them?” I cried. “Can’t the abbot intervene?”
“For whom? For the cellarer, a confessed criminal? For a wretch153 like Salvatore? Or are you thinking of the girl?”
“What if I were?” I made bold to say. ‘After all, of the three she is the only truly innocent one: you know she is not a witch. ...”
“And do you believe that the abbot, after what has happened, wants to risk for a witch what little prestige he has left?”
“But he assumed the responsibility for Ubertino’s escape!”
“Ubertino was one of his monks and was not accused of anything. Besides, what nonsense are you saying? Ubertino is an important man; Bernard could have struck him only from behind.”
“So the cellarer was right: the simple folk always pay for all, even for those who speak in their favor, even for those like Ubertino and Michael, who with their words of penance154 have driven the simple to rebel!” I was in such despair that I did not consider that the girl was not even a Fraticello, seduced155 by Ubertino’s mystical vision, but a peasant, paying for something that did not concern her.
“So it is,” William answered me sadly. “And if you are really seeking a glimmer156 of justice, I will tell you that one day the big dogs, the Pope and the Emperor, in order to make peace, will pass over the corpses157 of the smaller dogs who bit one another in their service. And Michael or Ubertino will be treated as your girl is being treated today.”
Now I know that William was prophesying—or, rather, syllogizing—on the basis of principles of natural philosophy. But at that moment his prophecies and his syllogisms did not console me in the least. The only sure thing was that the girl would be burned. And I felt responsible, because it was as if she would also expiate158 on the pyre the sin I had committed with her.
I burst shamefully159 into sobs160 and fled to my cell, where all through the night I chewed my pallet and moaned helplessly, for I was not even allowed—as they did in the romances of chivalry161 I had read with my companions at Melk—to lament162 and call out the beloved’s name.
This was the only earthly love of my life, and I could not, then or ever after, call that love by name.
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novices
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| n.新手( novice的名词复数 )；初学修士（或修女）；（修会等的）初学生；尚未赢过大赛的赛马 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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psalms
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| n.赞美诗( psalm的名词复数 )；圣诗；圣歌；(中的) | |
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calamities
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| n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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haps
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| n.粗厚毛披巾；偶然，机会，运气( hap的名词复数 ) | |
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illuminate
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| vt.照亮，照明；用灯光装饰；说明，阐释 | |
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illuminated
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| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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nave
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| n.教堂的中部；本堂 | |
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shrouding
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| n.覆盖v.隐瞒( shroud的现在分词 )；保密 | |
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afflicted
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| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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ordains
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的第三人称单数 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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presumptuous
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| adj.胆大妄为的，放肆的，冒昧的，冒失的 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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humbling
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| adj.令人羞辱的v.使谦恭( humble的现在分词 )；轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）；低声下气 | |
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savored
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| v.意味，带有…的性质( savor的过去式和过去分词 )；给…加调味品；使有风味；品尝 | |
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consternation
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| n.大为吃惊，惊骇 | |
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monastery
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| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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cede
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| v.割让，放弃 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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awed
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| adj.充满敬畏的，表示敬畏的v.使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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34
wed
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| v.娶，嫁，与…结婚 | |
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35
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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36
meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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37
gloss
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| n.光泽，光滑；虚饰；注释；vt.加光泽于；掩饰 | |
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38
scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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39
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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40
tempt
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| vt.引诱，勾引，吸引，引起…的兴趣 | |
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41
vouchsafed
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| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的过去式和过去分词 )；允诺 | |
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42
resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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43
adumbrate
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| vt.画轮廓，预示 | |
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44
adumbrates
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| v.约略显示，勾画出…的轮廓( adumbrate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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45
vicissitude
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| n.变化，变迁，荣枯，盛衰 | |
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46
afflicting
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| 痛苦的 | |
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47
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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48
codicils
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| n.遗嘱的附件( codicil的名词复数 ) | |
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49
increment
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| n.增值，增价；提薪，增加工资 | |
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50
lurked
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| vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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51
lurking
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| 潜在 | |
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52
labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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53
labors
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| v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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54
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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55
monks
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| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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56
regain
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| vt.重新获得，收复，恢复 | |
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57
accomplices
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| 从犯，帮凶，同谋( accomplice的名词复数 ) | |
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58
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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59
chatter
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| vi.／n.喋喋不休；短促尖叫；(牙齿)打战 | |
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60
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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61
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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62
gasping
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| adj. 气喘的, 痉挛的 动词gasp的现在分词 | |
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63
atheist
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| n.无神论者 | |
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64
killer
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| n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者 | |
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65
persecutor
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| n. 迫害者 | |
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66
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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67
ingenuous
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| adj.纯朴的，单纯的；天真的；坦率的 | |
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68
brigands
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| n.土匪，强盗( brigand的名词复数 ) | |
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69
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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70
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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71
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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72
embryos
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| n.晶胚；胚，胚胎( embryo的名词复数 ) | |
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73
prophesy
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| v.预言；预示 | |
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74
agitations
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| （液体等的）摇动( agitation的名词复数 )； 鼓动； 激烈争论； （情绪等的）纷乱 | |
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75
herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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76
perverse
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| adj.刚愎的；坚持错误的，行为反常的 | |
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77
avid
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| adj.热心的；贪婪的；渴望的；劲头十足的 | |
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78
arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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79
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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80
lewdness
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| n. 淫荡, 邪恶 | |
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81
repudiate
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| v.拒绝，拒付，拒绝履行 | |
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82
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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83
repent
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| v.悔悟，悔改，忏悔，后悔 | |
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84
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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85
intemperance
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| n.放纵 | |
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86
lasciviousness
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87
humility
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| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
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88
compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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89
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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90
rustling
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| n. 瑟瑟声，沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的 | |
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91
cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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92
wriggling
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| v.扭动，蠕动，蜿蜒行进( wriggle的现在分词 )；（使身体某一部位）扭动；耍滑不做，逃避（应做的事等）；蠕蠕 | |
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93
lashed
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| adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
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94
precisely
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|
| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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95
apparition
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| n.幽灵，神奇的现象 | |
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96
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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97
swells
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| 增强( swell的第三人称单数 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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98
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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99
splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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100
throngs
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| n.人群( throng的名词复数 )v.成群，挤满( throng的第三人称单数 ) | |
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101
corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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102
iniquity
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| n.邪恶；不公正 | |
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103
barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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104
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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105
garbed
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| v.（尤指某类人穿的特定）服装，衣服，制服( garb的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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106
impurity
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| n.不洁，不纯，杂质 | |
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107
blasphemy
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| n.亵渎，渎神 | |
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108
feline
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| adj.猫科的 | |
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109
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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110
swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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111
elongated
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| v.延长，加长( elongate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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112
chuckling
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| 轻声地笑( chuckle的现在分词 ) | |
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113
stifle
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| vt.使窒息；闷死；扼杀；抑止，阻止 | |
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114
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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115
clenched
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| v.紧握，抓紧，咬紧( clench的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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116
puff
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| n.一口(气)；一阵(风)；v.喷气，喘气 | |
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117
shuddering
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| v.战栗( shudder的现在分词 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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118
license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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119
lute
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| n.琵琶，鲁特琴 | |
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120
rape
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| n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸 | |
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121
perjury
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| n.伪证；伪证罪 | |
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122
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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123
injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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124
pestilence
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| n.瘟疫 | |
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125
uproot
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| v.连根拔起，拔除；根除，灭绝；赶出家园，被迫移开 | |
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126
secrete
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| vt.分泌；隐匿，使隐秘 | |
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127
furrow
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| n.沟；垄沟；轨迹；车辙；皱纹 | |
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128
firmament
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| n.苍穹；最高层 | |
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129
uprooted
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| v.把（某物）连根拔起( uproot的过去式和过去分词 )；根除；赶走；把…赶出家园 | |
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130
rumble
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| n.隆隆声；吵嚷；v.隆隆响；低沉地说 | |
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131
cosmos
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| n.宇宙；秩序，和谐 | |
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132
pinnacles
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| 顶峰( pinnacle的名词复数 )； 顶点； 尖顶； 小尖塔 | |
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133
collapse
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| vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷 | |
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134
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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135
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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136
bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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137
consummated
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| v.使结束( consummate的过去式和过去分词 )；使完美；完婚；（婚礼后的）圆房 | |
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138
meditate
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| v.想，考虑，（尤指宗教上的）沉思，冥想 | |
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139
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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140
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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141
glorify
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| vt.颂扬，赞美，使增光，美化 | |
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142
riddles
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| n.谜（语）( riddle的名词复数 )；猜不透的难题，难解之谜 | |
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143
buffoons
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| n.愚蠢的人( buffoon的名词复数 )；傻瓜；逗乐小丑；滑稽的人 | |
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144
precepts
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| n.规诫，戒律，箴言( precept的名词复数 ) | |
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145
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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146
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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147
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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148
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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149
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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150
heralding
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| v.预示( herald的现在分词 )；宣布（好或重要） | |
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151
afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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152
propitiatory
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| adj.劝解的；抚慰的；谋求好感的；哄人息怒的 | |
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153
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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154
penance
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| n.（赎罪的）惩罪 | |
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155
seduced
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| 诱奸( seduce的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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156
glimmer
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| v.发出闪烁的微光；n.微光，微弱的闪光 | |
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157
corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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158
expiate
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| v.抵补，赎罪 | |
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159
shamefully
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| 可耻地； 丢脸地； 不体面地； 羞耻地 | |
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160
sobs
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| 啜泣（声），呜咽（声）( sob的名词复数 ) | |
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161
chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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162
lament
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| n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹 | |
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