In still repeated circles, screaming loud,
That hails the rising moon, have charms for me.
COWPER.
In a grove4 of tall oaks and beeches5, that crowns a terrace walk, just on the skirts of the garden, is an ancient rookery, which is one of the most important provinces in the squire6's rural domains7. The old gentleman sets great store by his rooks, and will not suffer one of them to be killed, in consequence of which they have increased amazingly; the tree tops are loaded with their nests; they have encroached upon the great avenue, and have even established, in times long past, a colony among the elms and pines of the churchyard, which, like other distant colonies, has already thrown off allegiance to the mother-country.
The rooks are looked upon by the squire as a very ancient and honourable8 line of gentry9, highly aristocratical in their notions, fond of place, and attached to church and state; as their building so loftily, keeping about churches and cathedrals, and in the venerable groves10 of old castles and manor-houses, sufficiently11 manifests. The good opinion thus expressed by the squire put me upon observing more narrowly these very respectable birds; for I confess, to my shame, I had been apt to confound them with their cousins-german the crows, to whom, at the first glance, they bear so great a family resemblance. Nothing, it seems, could be more unjust or injurious than such a mistake. The rooks and crows are, among the feathered tribes, what the Spaniards and Portuguese12 are among nations, the least loving, in consequence of their neighbourhood and similarity. The rooks are old-established housekeepers13, high-minded gentlefolk that have had their hereditary14 abodes15 time out of mind; but as to the poor crows, they are a kind of vagabond, predatory, gipsy race, roving about the country, without any settled home; "their hands are against everybody, and everybody's against them," and they are gibbeted in every corn-field. Master Simon assures me that a female rook that should so far forget herself as to consort16 with a crow, would inevitably17 be disinherited, and indeed would be totally discarded by all her genteel acquaintance.
The squire is very watchful18 over the interests and concerns of his sable19 neighbours. As to Master Simon, he even pretends to know many of them by sight, and to have given names to them; he points out several which he says are old heads of families, and compares them to worthy20 old citizens, beforehand in the world, that wear cocked hats and silver buckles21 in their shoes. Notwithstanding the protecting benevolence22 of the squire, and their being residents in his empire, they seem to acknowledge no allegiance, and to hold no intercourse23 or intimacy24. Their airy tenements25 are built almost out of the reach of gunshot; and, notwithstanding their vicinity to the Hall, they maintain a most reserved and distrustful shyness of mankind.
There is one season of the year, however, which brings all birds in a manner to a level, and tames the pride of the loftiest highflyer; which is the season of building their nests. This takes place early in the spring, when the forest trees first begin to show their buds; the long withy ends of the branches to turn green; when the wild strawberry, and other herbage of the sheltered woodlands, put forth26 their tender and tinted27 leaves, and the daisy and the primrose28 peep from under the hedges. At this time there is a general bustle29 among the feathered tribes; an incessant30 fluttering about, and a cheerful chirping31, indicative, like the germination32 of the vegetable world, of the reviving life and fecundity33 of the year.
It is then that the rooks forget their usual stateliness, and their shy and lofty habits. Instead of keeping up in the high regions of the air, swinging on the breezy tree tops, and looking down with sovereign contempt upon the humble34 crawlers upon earth, they are fain to throw off for a time the dignity of a gentleman, and to come down to the ground, and put on the painstaking35 and industrious36 character of a labourer. They now lose their natural shyness, become fearless and familiar, and may be seen flying about in all directions, with an air of great assiduity, in search of building materials. Every now and then your path will be crossed by one of these busy old gentlemen, worrying about with awkward gait, as if troubled with the gout or with corns on his toes, casting about many a prying37 look, turning down first one eye, then the other, in earnest consideration upon every straw he meets with, until espying38 some mighty39 twig40, large enough to make a rafter for his air-castle, he will seize upon it with avidity, and hurry away with it to the tree top; fearing, apparently41, lest you should dispute with him the invaluable42 prize.
After the Straws
Like other castle-builders, these airy architects seem rather fanciful in the materials with which they build, and to like those most which come from a distance. Thus, though there are abundance of dry twigs43 on the surrounding trees, yet they never think of making use of them, but go foraging44 in distant lands, and come sailing home, one by one, from the ends of the earth, each bearing in his bill some precious piece of timber.
Nor must I avoid mentioning what, I grieve to say, rather derogates from the grave and honourable character of these ancient gentlefolk, that, during the architectural season, they are subject to great dissensions among themselves; that they make no scruple45 to defraud46 and plunder47 each other; and that sometimes the rookery is a scene of hideous48 brawl49 and commotion50, in consequence of some delinquency of the kind. One of the partners generally remains51 on the nest to guard it from depredation52; and I have seen severe contests when some sly neighbour has endeavoured to filch53 away a tempting54 rafter that has captivated his eye. As I am not willing to admit any suspicion hastily that should throw a stigma55 on the general character of so worshipful a people, I am inclined to think that these larcenies56 are very much discountenanced by the higher classes, and even rigorously punished by those in authority; for I have now and then seen a whole gang of rooks fall upon the nest of some individual, pull it all to pieces, carry off the spoils, and even buffet57 the luckless proprietor58. I have concluded this to be some signal punishment inflicted59 upon him by the officers of the police, for some pilfering60 misdemeanour; or, perhaps, that it was a crew of bailiffs carrying an execution into his house.
I have been amused with another of their movements during the building season. The steward61 has suffered a considerable number of sheep to graze on a lawn near the house, somewhat to the annoyance62 of the squire, who thinks this an innovation on the dignity of a park, which ought to be devoted63 to deer only. Be this as it may, there is a green knoll64, not far from the drawing-room window, were the ewes and lambs are accustomed to assemble towards evening for the benefit of the setting sun. No sooner were they gathered here, at the time when these politic65 birds were building, than a stately old rook, who, Master Simon assured me, was the chief magistrate66 of this community, would settle down upon the head of one of the ewes, who, seeming conscious of this condescension67, would desist from grazing, and stand fixed68 in motionless reverence69 of her august brethren; the rest of the rookery would then come wheeling down, in imitation of their leader, until every ewe had two or three of them cawing, and fluttering, and battling upon her back. Whether they requited70 the submission71 of the sheep by levying72 a contribution upon their fleece for the benefit of the rookery, I am not certain, though I presume they followed the usual custom of protecting powers.
Rooks on the Sheep
The latter part of May is a time of great tribulation73 among the rookeries, when the young are just able to leave the nests, and balance themselves on the neighbouring branches. Now comes on the season of "rook shooting:" a terrible slaughter74 of the innocents. The squire, of course, prohibits all invasion of the kind on his territories; but I am told that a lamentable75 havoc76 takes place in the colony about the old church. Upon this devoted commonwealth77 the village charges "with all its chivalry78." Every idle wight that is lucky enough to possess an old gun or a blunderbuss, together with all the archery of Slingsby's school, take the field on the occasion. In vain does the little parson interfere79, or remonstrate80 in angry tones, from his study window that looks into the churchyard; there is a continual popping from morning to night. Being no great marksmen, their shots are not often effective; but every now and then a great shout from the besieging81 army of bumpkins makes known the downfall of some unlucky, squab rook, which comes to the ground with the emphasis of a squashed apple-dumpling.
Nor is the rookery entirely82 free from other troubles and disasters. In so aristocratical and lofty-minded a community, which boasts so much ancient blood and hereditary pride, it is natural to suppose that questions of etiquette83 will sometimes arise, and affairs of honour ensue. In fact, this is very often the case: bitter quarrels break out between individuals, which produce sad scufflings on the tree tops, and I have more than once seen a regular duel84 take place between two doughty85 heroes of the rookery. Their field of battle is generally the air: and their contest is managed in the most scientific and elegant manner; wheeling round and round each other, and towering higher and higher to get the vantage-ground, until they sometimes disappear in the clouds before the combat is determined86.
They have also fierce combats now and then with an invading hawk87, and will drive him off from their territories by a posse comitatus. They are also extremely tenacious88 of their domains, and will suffer no other bird to inhabit the grove or its vicinity. There was a very ancient and respectable old bachelor owl that had long had his lodgings89 in a corner of the grove, but has been fairly ejected by the rooks, and has retired90, disgusted with the world, to a neighbouring wood, where he leads the life of a hermit91, and makes nightly complaints of his ill-treatment.
The Hermit Owl
The hootings of this unhappy gentleman may generally be heard in the still evenings, when the rooks are all at rest; and I have often listened to them of a moonlight night with a kind of mysterious gratification. This gray-bearded misanthrope92 of course is highly respected by the squire, but the servants have superstitious93 notions about him; and it would be difficult to get the dairymaid to venture after dark near to the wood which he inhabits.
Besides the private quarrels of the rooks, there are other misfortunes to which they are liable, and which often bring distress94 into the most respectable families of the rookery. Having the true baronial spirit of the good old feudal95 times, they are apt now and then to issue forth from their castles on a foray, and to lay the plebeian96 fields of the neighbouring country under contribution; in the course of which chivalrous97 expeditions they now and then get a shot from the rusty98 artillery99 of some refractory100 farmer. Occasionally, too, while they are quietly taking the air beyond the park boundaries, they have the incaution to come within the reach of the truant101 bowmen of Slingsby's school, and receive a flight shot from some unlucky urchin's arrow. In such case the wounded adventurer will sometimes have just strength enough to bring himself home, and giving up the ghost at the rookery, will hang dangling102 "all abroad" on a bough103 like a thief on a gibbet; an awful warning to his friends, and an object of great commiseration104 to the squire. But, maugre all these untoward105 incidents, the rooks have, upon the whole, a happy holiday life of it. When their young are reared, and fairly launched upon their native element, the air, the cares of the old folks seem over, and they resume all their aristocratical dignity and idleness. I have envied them the enjoyment106 which they appear to have in their ethereal heights, sporting with clamorous107 exultation108 about their lofty bowers109; sometimes hovering110 over them, sometimes partially111 alighting upon the topmost branches, and there balancing with outstretched wings, and swinging in the breeze. Sometimes they seem to take a fashionable drive to the church, and amuse themselves by circling in airy rings about its spire112: at other times a mere113 garrison114 is left at home to mount guard in their stronghold at the grove, while the rest roam abroad to enjoy the fine weather. About sunset the garrison gives notice of their return; their faint cawing will be heard from a great distance, and they will be seen far off like a sable cloud, and then nearer and nearer, until they all come soaring home. Then they perform several grand circuits in the air, over the Hall and garden, wheeling closer and closer, until they gradually settle down upon the grove, when a prodigious115 cawing takes place, as though they were relating their day's adventures.
I like at such times to walk about these dusky groves, and hear the various sounds of these airy people roosted so high above me. As the gloom increases, their conversation subsides116, and they seem to be gradually dropping asleep; but every now and then there is a querulous note, as if some one was quarrelling for a pillow, or a little more of the blanket. It is late in the evening before they completely sink to repose117, and then their old anchorite neighbour, the owl, begins his lonely hootings from his bachelor's hall in the wood.
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1
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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2
boding
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| adj.凶兆的，先兆的n.凶兆，前兆，预感v.预示，预告，预言( bode的现在分词 )；等待，停留( bide的过去分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待 | |
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3
owl
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| n.猫头鹰，枭 | |
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4
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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5
beeches
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| n.山毛榉( beech的名词复数 )；山毛榉木材 | |
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6
squire
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| n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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7
domains
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| n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产 | |
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8
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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9
gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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10
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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11
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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12
Portuguese
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| n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 | |
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13
housekeepers
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| n.（女）管家( housekeeper的名词复数 ) | |
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14
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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15
abodes
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| 住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留 | |
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16
consort
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| v.相伴；结交 | |
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inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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18
watchful
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| adj.注意的，警惕的 | |
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19
sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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20
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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21
buckles
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| 搭扣，扣环( buckle的名词复数 ) | |
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22
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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24
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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25
tenements
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| n.房屋，住户，租房子( tenement的名词复数 ) | |
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26
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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27
tinted
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| adj. 带色彩的 动词tint的过去式和过去分词 | |
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28
primrose
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| n.樱草，最佳部分， | |
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29
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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30
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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31
chirping
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| 鸟叫，虫鸣( chirp的现在分词 ) | |
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32
germination
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| n.萌芽，发生；萌发；生芽；催芽 | |
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33
fecundity
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| n.生产力；丰富 | |
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34
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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35
painstaking
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| adj.苦干的；艰苦的，费力的，刻苦的 | |
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36
industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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37
prying
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| adj.爱打听的v.打听，刺探（他人的私事）( pry的现在分词 )；撬开 | |
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38
espying
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| v.看到( espy的现在分词 ) | |
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39
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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40
twig
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| n.小树枝，嫩枝；v.理解 | |
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41
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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42
invaluable
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| adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 | |
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43
twigs
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| 细枝，嫩枝( twig的名词复数 ) | |
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44
foraging
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| v.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）( forage的现在分词 )；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西） | |
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45
scruple
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| n./v.顾忌，迟疑 | |
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46
defraud
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| vt.欺骗，欺诈 | |
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47
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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48
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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49
brawl
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| n.大声争吵，喧嚷；v.吵架，对骂 | |
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50
commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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51
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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52
depredation
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| n.掠夺，蹂躏 | |
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53
filch
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| v.偷窃 | |
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54
tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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55
stigma
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| n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头 | |
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56
larcenies
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| n.盗窃（罪）( larceny的名词复数 ) | |
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57
buffet
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| n.自助餐；饮食柜台；餐台 | |
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58
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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59
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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60
pilfering
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| v.偷窃（小东西），小偷( pilfer的现在分词 )；偷窃（一般指小偷小摸） | |
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61
steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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62
annoyance
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| n.恼怒，生气，烦恼 | |
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63
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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64
knoll
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| n.小山，小丘 | |
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politic
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| adj.有智虑的；精明的；v.从政 | |
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66
magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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67
condescension
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| n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人) | |
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68
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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69
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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70
requited
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| v.报答( requite的过去式和过去分词 )；酬谢；回报；报复 | |
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71
submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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72
levying
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| 征（兵）( levy的现在分词 )； 索取； 发动（战争）； 征税 | |
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73
tribulation
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| n.苦难，灾难 | |
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74
slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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75
lamentable
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| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
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76
havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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77
commonwealth
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| n.共和国，联邦，共同体 | |
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78
chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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79
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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remonstrate
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| v.抗议，规劝 | |
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besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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etiquette
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| n.礼仪，礼节；规矩 | |
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duel
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| n./v.决斗；(双方的)斗争 | |
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doughty
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| adj.勇猛的，坚强的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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hawk
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| n.鹰，骗子；鹰派成员 | |
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tenacious
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| adj.顽强的，固执的，记忆力强的，粘的 | |
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lodgings
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| n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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hermit
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| n.隐士，修道者；隐居 | |
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misanthrope
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| n.恨人类的人；厌世者 | |
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superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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feudal
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| adj.封建的，封地的，领地的 | |
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plebeian
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| adj.粗俗的；平民的；n.平民；庶民 | |
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chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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rusty
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| adj.生锈的；锈色的；荒废了的 | |
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99
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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refractory
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| adj.倔强的，难驾驭的 | |
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101
truant
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| n.懒惰鬼，旷课者；adj.偷懒的，旷课的，游荡的；v.偷懒，旷课 | |
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dangling
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| 悬吊着( dangle的现在分词 )； 摆动不定； 用某事物诱惑…； 吊胃口 | |
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103
bough
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| n.大树枝，主枝 | |
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commiseration
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| n.怜悯，同情 | |
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untoward
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| adj.不利的，不幸的，困难重重的 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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exultation
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| n.狂喜，得意 | |
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109
bowers
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| n.（女子的）卧室( bower的名词复数 )；船首锚；阴凉处；鞠躬的人 | |
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hovering
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| 鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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spire
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| n.(教堂)尖顶，尖塔，高点 | |
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113
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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115
prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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116
subsides
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的第三人称单数 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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117
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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