Part 2 Book 7 Chapter 7 Precautions to be observed in Blame

History and philosophy have eternal duties, which are, at the same time, simple duties; to combat Caiphas the High-priest, Draco the Lawgiver, Trimalcion the Legislator, Tiberius the Emperor; this is clear, direct, and limpid¹, and offers no obscurity.

But the right to live apart, even with its inconveniences and its abuses, insists on being stated and taken into account. Cenobitism is a human problem.

When one speaks of convents, those abodes² of error, but of innocence³, of aberration⁴ but of good-will, of ignorance but of devotion, of torture but of martyrdom, it always becomes necessary to say either yes or no.

A convent is a contradiction. Its object, salvation⁵; its means thereto, sacrifice. The convent is supreme⁶ egoism having for its result supreme abnegation.

To abdicate⁷ with the object of reigning⁸ seems to be the device of monasticism.

In the cloister⁹, one suffers in order to enjoy. One draws a bill of exchange on death. One discounts in terrestrial gloom celestial¹⁰ light. In the cloister, hell is accepted in advance as a post obit on paradise.

The taking of the veil or the frock is a suicide paid for with eternity¹¹.

It does not seem to us, that on such a subject mockery is permissible¹². All about it is serious, the good as well as the bad.

The just man frowns, but never smiles with a malicious¹³ sneer¹⁴. We understand wrath¹⁵, but not malice¹⁶.

历史和哲学负有多种永恒的责任。同时也是简单的责任，斗争大祭司该亚法①、法官德拉孔②、立法官特利马尔西翁③、皇帝提比利乌斯④，毫无疑义，那是明显、直接而清楚的。但是独居的权利以及它的一些不利之处和种种弊端，却必须加以研究和慎重对待。寺院生活是人类社会的一个重大问题。

①该亚法（Caiphe），迫害耶稣的犹太大祭司。

②德拉孔（Dracon），公元前七世纪末雅典的酷吏。

③特利马尔西翁（Trimalcion），一世纪拉丁作家伯特洛尼所作小说《萨蒂尼翁》里的一个色情人物。

④提比利乌斯（Tibère，前42?7），罗马帝国暴君。

修院是这样一种场所，既荒谬而又清净无垢，既使人误入歧途却又劝人存心为善，既使人愚昧又使人虔诚，既使人备受苦难又使人为之殉教，当我们谈到它时，几乎每次都要说又对又不对。

修院是一种矛盾，其目的是为了幸福，其方式是牺牲。修院表现的是极端的自私，而结果是极端的克己。

以退为进，这好象是僧侣制度的座右铭。

在修院里，人们以受苦为达到欢乐的途径。人们签发由死神兑现的期票。人们在尘世的黑暗里预支天上的光明。在修院里，地狱生活是当作换取天堂的代价而被人接受的。

戴上面纱或穿上僧衣是一种取得永生的自杀。

在这样一种问题前，我们感到嘲笑是不能允许的。这里无论好坏全是严肃的。

公正的人蹙起眉头，但从不会有那种恶意的微笑。我们能理解人的愤怒，而不能理解恶意的中伤。

1 limpid   

adj.清澈的，透明的

参考例句：

• He has a pair of limpid blue eyes.他有一双清澈的蓝眼睛。
• The sky was a limpid blue,as if swept clean of everything.碧空如洗。

2 abodes   

住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留

参考例句：

• Now he begin to dig near the abodes front legs. 目前他开端挖马前腿附近的土了。
• They built a outstanding bulk of abodes. 她们盖了一大批房屋。

3 innocence   

n.无罪；天真；无害

参考例句：

• There was a touching air of innocence about the boy.这个男孩有一种令人感动的天真神情。
• The accused man proved his innocence of the crime.被告人经证实无罪。

4 aberration   

n.离开正路，脱离常规，色差

参考例句：

• The removal of the chromatic aberration is then of primary importance.这时消除色差具有头等重要性。
• Owing to a strange mental aberration he forgot his own name.由于一种莫名的精神错乱，他把自己的名字忘了。

5 salvation   

n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困

参考例句：

• Salvation lay in political reform.解救办法在于政治改革。
• Christians hope and pray for salvation.基督教徒希望并祈祷灵魂得救。

6 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

7 abdicate   

v.让位，辞职，放弃

参考例句：

• The reason I wnat to abdicate is to try something different.我辞职是因为我想尝试些不一样的东西。
• Yuan Shikai forced emperor to abdicate and hand over power to him.袁世凯逼迫皇帝逊位，把政权交给了他。

8 reigning   

adj.统治的，起支配作用的

参考例句：

• The sky was dark, stars were twinkling high above, night was reigning, and everything was sunk in silken silence. 天很黑，星很繁，夜阑人静。
• Led by Huang Chao, they brought down the reigning house after 300 years' rule. 在黄巢的带领下，他们推翻了统治了三百年的王朝。

9 cloister   

n.修道院；v.隐退，使与世隔绝

参考例句：

• They went out into the stil,shadowy cloister garden.他们出了房间，走到那个寂静阴沉的修道院的园子里去。
• The ancient cloister was a structure of red brick picked out with white stone.古老的修道院是一座白石衬托着的红砖建筑物。

10 celestial   

adj.天体的；天上的

参考例句：

• The rosy light yet beamed like a celestial dawn.玫瑰色的红光依然象天上的朝霞一样绚丽。
• Gravity governs the motions of celestial bodies.万有引力控制着天体的运动。

11 eternity   

n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷

参考例句：

• The dull play seemed to last an eternity.这场乏味的剧似乎演个没完没了。
• Finally,Ying Tai and Shan Bo could be together for all of eternity.英台和山伯终能双宿双飞，永世相随。

12 permissible   

adj.可允许的，许可的

参考例句：

• Is smoking permissible in the theatre?在剧院里允许吸烟吗？
• Delay is not permissible,even for a single day.不得延误，即使一日亦不可。

13 malicious   

adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的

参考例句：

• You ought to kick back at such malicious slander. 你应当反击这种恶毒的污蔑。
• Their talk was slightly malicious.他们的谈话有点儿心怀不轨。

14 sneer   

v.轻蔑；嘲笑；n.嘲笑，讥讽的言语

参考例句：

• He said with a sneer.他的话中带有嘲笑之意。
• You may sneer,but a lot of people like this kind of music.你可以嗤之以鼻，但很多人喜欢这种音乐。

15 wrath   

n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒

参考例句：

• His silence marked his wrath. 他的沉默表明了他的愤怒。
• The wrath of the people is now aroused. 人们被激怒了。

16 malice   

n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋

参考例句：

• I detected a suggestion of malice in his remarks.我觉察出他说的话略带恶意。
• There was a strong current of malice in many of his portraits.他的许多肖像画中都透着一股强烈的怨恨。