Part 5 Book 2 Chapter 3 Bruneseau

The sewer¹ of Paris in the Middle Ages was legendary². In the sixteenth century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed. Not a hundred years ago, the cess-pool, Mercier attests³ the fact, was abandoned to itself, and fared as best it might.

Such was this ancient Paris, delivered over to quarrels, to indecision, and to gropings. It was tolerably stupid for a long time. Later on, '89 showed how understanding comes to cities. But in the good, old times, the capital had not much head. It did not know how to manage its own affairs either morally or materially, and could not sweep out filth⁴ any better than it could abuses. Everything presented an obstacle, everything raised a question. The sewer, for example, was refractory⁵ to every itinerary⁶. One could no more find one's bearings in the sewer than one could understand one's position in the city; above the unintelligible⁷, below the inextricable; beneath the confusion of tongues there reigned⁸ the confusion of caverns¹⁰; Daedalus backed up Babel.

Sometimes the Paris sewer took a notion to overflow¹¹, as though this misunderstood Nile were suddenly seized with a fit of rage. There occurred, infamous¹² to relate, inundations of the sewer. At times, that stomach of civilization digested badly, the cess-pool flowed back into the throat of the city, and Paris got an after-taste of her own filth. These resemblances of the sewer to remorse¹⁴ had their good points; they were warnings; very badly accepted, however; the city waxed indignant at the audacity¹⁵ of its mire¹⁶, and did not admit that the filth should return. Drive it out better.

The inundation¹³ of 1802 is one of the actual memories of Parisians of the age of eighty. The mud spread in cross-form over the Place des Victoires, where stands the statue of Louis XIV.; it entered the Rue¹⁷ Saint-Honore by the two mouths to the sewer in the Champs-Elysees, the Rue Saint-Florentin through the Saint-Florentin sewer, the Rue Pierre-a-Poisson through the sewer de la Sonnerie, the Rue Popincourt, through the sewer of the Chemin-Vert, the Rue de la Roquette, through the sewer of the Rue de Lappe; it covered the drain of the Rue des Champs-Elysees to the height of thirty-five centimetres; and, to the South, through the vent¹⁸ of the Seine, performing its functions in inverse¹⁹ sense, it penetrated²⁰ the Rue Mazarine, the Rue de l'Echaude, and the Rue des Marais, where it stopped at a distance of one hundred and nine metres, a few paces distant from the house in which Racine had lived, respecting, in the seventeenth century, the poet more than the King. It attained²¹ its maximum depth in the Rue Saint-Pierre, where it rose to the height of three feet above the flag-stones of the water-spout, and its maximum length in the Rue Saint-Sabin, where it spread out over a stretch two hundred and thirty-eight metres in length.

At the beginning of this century, the sewer of Paris was still a mysterious place. Mud can never enjoy a good fame; but in this case its evil renown²² reached the verge²³ of the terrible. Paris knew, in a confused way, that she had under her a terrible cavern⁹. People talked of it as of that monstrous²⁴ bed of Thebes in which swarmed²⁵ centipedes fifteen long feet in length, and which might have served Behemoth for a bathtub. The great boots of the sewermen never ventured further than certain well-known points. We were then very near the epoch²⁶ when the scavenger's carts, from the summit of which Sainte-Foix fraternized with the Marquis de Crequi, discharged their loads directly into the sewer. As for cleaning out,-- that function was entrusted²⁷ to the pouring rains which encumbered²⁸ rather than swept away. Rome left some poetry to her sewer, and called it the Gemoniae; Paris insulted hers, and entitled it the Polypus-Hole. Science and superstition²⁹ were in accord, in horror. The Polypus hole was no less repugnant to hygiene³⁰ than to legend. The goblin was developed under the fetid covering of the Mouffetard sewer; the corpses³¹ of the Marmousets had been cast into the sewer de la Barillerie; Fagon attributed the redoubtable³² malignant³³ fever of 1685 to the great hiatus of the sewer of the Marais, which remained yawning until 1833 in the Rue Saint-Louis, almost opposite the sign of the Gallant³⁴ Messenger. The mouth of the sewer of the Rue de la Mortellerie was celebrated³⁵ for the pestilences³⁶ which had their source there; with its grating of iron, with points simulating a row of teeth, it was like a dragon's maw in that fatal street, breathing forth³⁷ hell upon men. The popular imagination seasoned the sombre Parisian sink with some indescribably hideous³⁸ intermixture of the infinite. The sewer had no bottom. The sewer was the lower world. The idea of exploring these leprous regions did not even occur to the police. To try that unknown thing, to cast the plummet³⁹ into that shadow, to set out on a voyage of discovery in that abyss--who would have dared? It was alarming. Nevertheless, some one did present himself. The cess-pool had its Christopher Columbus.

One day, in 1805, during one of the rare apparitions⁴⁰ which the Emperor made in Paris, the Minister of the Interior, some Decres or Cretet or other, came to the master's intimate levee. In the Carrousel there was audible the clanking of swords of all those extraordinary soldiers of the great Republic, and of the great Empire; then Napoleon's door was blocked with heroes; men from the Rhine, from the Escaut, from the Adige, and from the Nile; companions of Joubert, of Desaix, of Marceau, of Hoche, of Kleber; the aerostiers of Fleurus, the grenadiers of Mayence, the pontoon-builders of Genoa, hussars whom the Pyramids had looked down upon, artillerists whom Junot's cannon-ball had spattered with mud, cuirassiers who had taken by assault the fleet lying at anchor in the Zuyderzee; some had followed Bonaparte upon the bridge of Lodi, others had accompanied Murat in the trenches⁴¹ of Mantua, others had preceded Lannes in the hollow road of Montebello. The whole army of that day was present there, in the court-yard of the Tuileries, represented by a squadron or a platoon, and guarding Napoleon in repose⁴²; and that was the splendid epoch when the grand army had Marengo behind it and Austerlitz before it.--"Sire," said the Minister of the Interior to Napoleon, "yesterday I saw the most intrepid⁴³ man in your Empire."--"What man is that?" said the Emperor brusquely, "and what has he done?"--"He wants to do something, Sire."--"What is it?"--"To visit the sewers⁴⁴ of Paris."

This man existed and his name was Bruneseau.

中世纪时，巴黎的阴沟有着传奇的色彩，到了十六世纪，亨利二世曾试图探测一下，但是失败了。近百年来，污坑已被抛弃在一边，听其自然变化了，迈尔西埃①证明了这一点。古老的巴黎正是如此，专事争吵，犹豫不决，暗中摸索，以致长期停留在愚昧阶段。后来在一七八九年才显示出城市怎样具有智慧。但在淳朴的古代，首都不论在精神上和物质上都还不大有头脑，垃圾和流弊一样，却未能得到铲除。一切都成为障碍，处处发生问题。譬如阴渠，它对任何路线都是抗拒的。人们在阴沟里辨不出方向，在城市中意见也不能一致；上面是无法理解，下面是无法理清；在混乱的舌战下面加上混乱的地窖；在代达罗斯②上面垒起了巴别塔③。

①迈尔西埃（Mercier，1740-1814），法国作家，著有《巴黎景象》。

②代达罗斯，迷宫，源出希腊神话中为克里特国王建造迷宫的建筑师之名。

③巴别塔，《圣经》中挪亚的子孙没有建成的通天塔。　

有时巴黎的阴渠突然泛滥，好象这不为人知的尼罗河突然发怒了。于是就出现了棗说来可耻棗阴渠里的洪水。这文明的肠胃有时消化不良，污物倒流到城市的喉头，巴黎就充满了它的污泥的回味。阴沟倒流与悔悟类似，大有益处，这是警告，但并不受欢迎，巴黎城因泥垢如此猖狂而愤慨了，它不能允许污秽再回来，必须妥善清除。

一八○二年的水灾是八十岁的巴黎人记忆犹新之事。污泥浆在胜利广场，即路易十四的铜像所在处，扩散成十字形，它由爱丽舍广场的两个阴沟出口流到圣奥诺雷街，由圣弗洛朗丹的阴沟口流到圣弗洛朗丹街，由钟声街的沟口流到鱼石街，由绿径街的沟口流到波邦古街，由拉普街的沟口流入洛盖特街；它淹没了爱丽舍广场的街边明沟高达三十五公分；在南边，塞纳河的大沟管起了倒流作用，它侵占了马萨林街、埃旭特街、沼泽街，在一百○九米的地方停止了，离拉辛的旧居正好不过几步路，它在十七世纪，尊重诗人胜过国王。它在圣皮埃尔街水位最高，比排水管高出三尺，在圣沙班街，它的面积最宽处扩展到二百三十八米长。

在本世纪初，巴黎的阴渠仍是一个神秘处所。污泥始终不能获得好评，而这里的坏名声却又引起恐怖。巴黎模模糊糊知道它下面有个可怕的地窖。人们谈起这地窖就如谈到底比斯的庞大污秽坑一样，里面有无数的十五尺长的蜈蚣，这坑可以作为比希莫特①的澡盆。清沟工人的大靴子从不敢冒险越过那几处熟悉的地点。当时人们离清道夫用两轮马车扫除垃圾的时代还不远棗在车顶上圣福瓦和克来基侯爵友好共处棗，垃圾直接就往阴沟中倒，至于疏通阴沟的任务就只好依赖暴雨了。而暴雨却远远不能起到冲洗的作用，反而使阴沟堵塞。罗马还留下一些有关它的污坑的诗，称它为喏木尼，巴黎侮辱它自己的阴渠，称它为臭洞；从科学和迷信方面看，人们一致认为它是恐怖的。臭洞对卫生和传奇同样都很不协调；鬼怪僧侣②坑出现在穆夫达阴渠的臭拱顶下；所有马穆塞③的尸体都被抛入巴利勒利阴沟中。法贡④把一六八五年惊人的恶性热病归咎于沼泽区阴渠的大敞口，直到一八三三年仍在圣路易街上露天敞开着，差不多就在“殷勤服务处”的招牌对面。莫特勒里街的阴沟敞口因产生瘟疫而著名，它那带刺的铁栅栏好象一排牙齿，它在这不幸的街道上好象张开龙嘴向人们吹送着地狱的气息。在群众的想象里巴黎阴暗的排水沟是一种丑恶的无数东西的混合物。阴沟是无底坑。阴沟是巴拉特⑤。连警署也未曾有过去查看一下这些癞病区的想法。探索这不为人知之物，测量它的黑暗，深入发掘这沉渊，谁有这个胆量呀？这是一件令人畏缩的事。可是居然有人自荐。污秽沟自有它的哥伦布。

①比希莫特（Béhémoth），《圣经》中提及的陆上巨大怪兽，魔鬼的象征。

②鬼怪僧侣（Moine－Bourru），穿僧侣法衣的捣乱鬼，伤害他们遇到的人。

③马穆塞（Marmousets），系指查理五世或查理六世时的顾问团，勃艮第公爵将他们处死或流放。

④法贡（Fagon，1638-1718），路易十四的第一个医生。

⑤巴拉特（barathrum），雅典城西弃置罪犯尸体的山谷。　

在一八○五年，有一天，是皇帝难得在巴黎出现的日子，一个内政大臣叫特克雷或克雷特的，参加了主子的起床接见，听得见崇武门伟大的共和国的和伟大帝国的非凡士兵们佩剑的铿锵声，英雄们拥挤在拿破仑的门口，从莱茵河、埃斯科河、阿迪杰河和尼罗河部队里来的人；茹贝尔、德泽、马索、奥什、克莱贝尔等将军的战友，弗勒律斯的汽艇观察员，美因茨的投弹手，热那亚的架桥兵，金字塔战役的轻骑兵，有着茹诺炮弹硝烟味的炮兵，突击打败了停泊在茹德泽的舰队的装甲兵；有些曾跟随波拿巴在洛迪桥参战，有些曾陪同缪拉在曼图亚作战，还有一些曾赶在拉纳之前到达芒泰贝洛的深洼路。所有当时的军队都集合在杜伊勒里宫的院子里，以一班或一排为代表，守卫着在休息的拿破仑。这是极盛时代，当时的大军已获得马伦哥战役的胜利，并将在奥斯特里茨大败敌军。

“陛下，”拿破仑的内政大臣说，“昨天我见到了一个您的帝国中最勇敢的人。”

“是什么人？”皇帝粗暴地问，“他做了什么事？”

“他想做一件事，陛下。”

“什么事？”

“视察巴黎的阴渠。”

这个人确实是存在的，他名叫勃吕纳梭。

1 sewer   

n.排水沟，下水道

参考例句：

• They are tearing up the street to repair a sewer. 他们正挖开马路修下水道。
• The boy kicked a stone into the sewer. 那个男孩把一石子踢进了下水道。

2 legendary   

adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学）

参考例句：

• Legendary stories are passed down from parents to children.传奇故事是由父母传给孩子们的。
• Odysseus was a legendary Greek hero.奥狄修斯是传说中的希腊英雄。

3 attests   

v.证明( attest的第三人称单数 )；证实；声称…属实；使宣誓

参考例句：

• The child's good health attests his mother's care. 这孩子健康的身体证实他母亲照料周到。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The boy's good health attests to his mother's care. 这个男孩的良好健康就是他母亲细心照顾的明证。 来自辞典例句

4 filth   

n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥

参考例句：

• I don't know how you can read such filth.我不明白你怎么会去读这种淫秽下流的东西。
• The dialogue was all filth and innuendo.这段对话全是下流的言辞和影射。

5 refractory   

adj.倔强的，难驾驭的

参考例句：

• He is a very refractory child.他是一个很倔强的孩子。
• Silicate minerals are characteristically refractory and difficult to break down.硅酸盐矿物的特点是耐熔和难以分离。

6 itinerary   

n.行程表，旅行路线；旅行计划

参考例句：

• The two sides have agreed on the itinerary of the visit.双方商定了访问日程。
• The next place on our itinerary was Silistra.我们行程的下一站是锡利斯特拉。

7 unintelligible   

adj.无法了解的，难解的，莫明其妙的

参考例句：

• If a computer is given unintelligible data, it returns unintelligible results.如果计算机得到的是难以理解的数据，它给出的也将是难以理解的结果。
• The terms were unintelligible to ordinary folk.这些术语一般人是不懂的。

8 reigned   

vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式）

参考例句：

• Silence reigned in the hall. 全场肃静。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Night was deep and dead silence reigned everywhere. 夜深人静，一片死寂。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 cavern   

n.洞穴，大山洞

参考例句：

• The cavern walls echoed his cries.大山洞的四壁回响着他的喊声。
• It suddenly began to shower,and we took refuge in the cavern.天突然下起雨来，我们在一个山洞里避雨。

10 caverns   

大山洞，大洞穴( cavern的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Within were dark caverns; what was inside them, no one could see. 里面是一个黑洞，这里面有什么东西，谁也望不见。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）
• UNDERGROUND Under water grottos, caverns Filled with apes That eat figs. 在水帘洞里，挤满了猿争吃无花果。

11 overflow   

v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出；溢出，流出，漫出

参考例句：

• The overflow from the bath ran on to the floor.浴缸里的水溢到了地板上。
• After a long period of rain,the river may overflow its banks.长时间的下雨天后，河水可能溢出岸来。

12 infamous   

adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的

参考例句：

• He was infamous for his anti-feminist attitudes.他因反对女性主义而声名狼藉。
• I was shocked by her infamous behaviour.她的无耻行径令我震惊。

13 inundation   

n.the act or fact of overflowing

参考例句：

• Otherwise, inundation would ensue to our dismay. 若不疏导，只能眼巴巴看着它泛滥。
• Therefore this psychology preceded the inundation of Caudillo politics after independence. 在独立后，这一心态助长了考迪罗主义的泛滥。

14 remorse   

n.痛恨，悔恨，自责

参考例句：

• She had no remorse about what she had said.她对所说的话不后悔。
• He has shown no remorse for his actions.他对自己的行为没有任何悔恨之意。

15 audacity   

n.大胆，卤莽，无礼

参考例句：

• He had the audacity to ask for an increase in salary.他竟然厚着脸皮要求增加薪水。
• He had the audacity to pick pockets in broad daylight.他竟敢在光天化日之下掏包。

16 mire   

n.泥沼，泥泞；v.使...陷于泥泞，使...陷入困境

参考例句：

• I don't want my son's good name dragged through the mire.我不想使我儿子的名誉扫地。
• He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

17 rue   

n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔

参考例句：

• You'll rue having failed in the examination.你会悔恨考试失败。
• You're going to rue this the longest day that you live.你要终身悔恨不尽呢。

18 vent   

n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄

参考例句：

• He gave vent to his anger by swearing loudly.他高声咒骂以发泄他的愤怒。
• When the vent became plugged,the engine would stop.当通风口被堵塞时，发动机就会停转。

19 inverse   

adj.相反的，倒转的，反转的；n.相反之物；v.倒转

参考例句：

• Evil is the inverse of good.恶是善的反面。
• When the direct approach failed he tried the inverse.当直接方法失败时，他尝试相反的做法。

20 penetrated   

adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The knife had penetrated his chest. 刀子刺入了他的胸膛。
• They penetrated into territory where no man had ever gone before. 他们已进入先前没人去过的地区。

21 attained   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
• Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

22 renown   

n.声誉，名望

参考例句：

• His renown has spread throughout the country.他的名声已传遍全国。
• She used to be a singer of some renown.她曾是位小有名气的歌手。

23 verge   

n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。

24 monstrous   

adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的

参考例句：

• The smoke began to whirl and grew into a monstrous column.浓烟开始盘旋上升，形成了一个巨大的烟柱。
• Your behaviour in class is monstrous!你在课堂上的行为真是丢人！

25 swarmed   

密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去

参考例句：

• When the bell rang, the children swarmed out of the school. 铃声一响，孩子们蜂拥而出离开了学校。
• When the rain started the crowd swarmed back into the hotel. 雨一开始下，人群就蜂拥回了旅社。

26 epoch   

n.(新)时代；历元

参考例句：

• The epoch of revolution creates great figures.革命时代造就伟大的人物。
• We're at the end of the historical epoch,and at the dawn of another.我们正处在一个历史时代的末期，另一个历史时代的开端。

27 entrusted   

v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He entrusted the task to his nephew. 他把这任务托付给了他的侄儿。
• She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划。 来自《简明英汉词典》

28 encumbered   

v.妨碍，阻碍，拖累( encumber的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The police operation was encumbered by crowds of reporters. 警方的行动被成群的记者所妨碍。
• The narrow quay was encumbered by hundreds of carts. 狭窄的码头被数百辆手推车堵得水泄不通。 来自辞典例句

29 superstition   

n.迷信，迷信行为

参考例句：

• It's a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.认为黑猫不吉祥是一种很普遍的迷信。
• Superstition results from ignorance.迷信产生于无知。

30 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

31 corpses   

n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The living soldiers put corpses together and burned them. 活着的战士把尸体放在一起烧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Overhead, grayish-white clouds covered the sky, piling up heavily like decaying corpses. 天上罩满了灰白的薄云，同腐烂的尸体似的沉沉的盖在那里。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

32 redoubtable   

adj.可敬的；可怕的

参考例句：

• He is a redoubtable fighter.他是一位可敬的战士。
• Whose only defense is their will and redoubtable spirit.他们唯一的国防是他们的意志和可怕的精神。

33 malignant   

adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的

参考例句：

• Alexander got a malignant slander.亚历山大受到恶意的诽谤。
• He started to his feet with a malignant glance at Winston.他爬了起来，不高兴地看了温斯顿一眼。

34 gallant   

adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的

参考例句：

• Huang Jiguang's gallant deed is known by all men. 黄继光的英勇事迹尽人皆知。
• These gallant soldiers will protect our country.这些勇敢的士兵会保卫我们的国家的。

35 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

36 pestilences   

n.瘟疫， （尤指）腺鼠疫( pestilence的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Black Death is one the most serious pestilences in history. 黑死病是人类历史上众多瘟疫中危害很大的瘟疫之一，它是中世纪历史上的一次惨重的生态灾难。 来自互联网

37 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

38 hideous   

adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的

参考例句：

• The whole experience had been like some hideous nightmare.整个经历就像一场可怕的噩梦。
• They're not like dogs,they're hideous brutes.它们不像狗，是丑陋的畜牲。

39 plummet   

vi.(价格、水平等)骤然下跌；n.铅坠；重压物

参考例句：

• Mengniu and Yili have seen their shares plummet since the incident broke.自事件发生以来，蒙牛和伊利的股票大幅下跌。
• Even if rice prices were to plummet,other brakes on poverty alleviation remain.就算大米价格下跌，其它阻止导致贫困的因素仍然存在。

40 apparitions   

n.特异景象( apparition的名词复数 )；幽灵；鬼；（特异景象等的）出现

参考例句：

• And this year occurs the 90th anniversary of these apparitions. 今年是她显现的九十周年纪念。 来自互联网
• True love is like ghostly apparitions: everybody talks about them but few have ever seen one. 真爱就如同幽灵显现：所有人都谈论它们，但很少有人见到过一个。 来自互联网

41 trenches   

深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕

参考例句：

• life in the trenches 第一次世界大战期间的战壕生活
• The troops stormed the enemy's trenches and fanned out across the fields. 部队猛攻敌人的战壕，并在田野上呈扇形散开。

42 repose   

v.(使)休息；n.安息

参考例句：

• Don't disturb her repose.不要打扰她休息。
• Her mouth seemed always to be smiling,even in repose.她的嘴角似乎总是挂着微笑，即使在睡眠时也是这样。

43 intrepid   

adj.无畏的，刚毅的

参考例句：

• He is not really satisfied with his intrepid action.他没有真正满意他的无畏行动。
• John's intrepid personality made him a good choice for team leader.约翰勇敢的个性适合作领导工作。

44 sewers   

n.阴沟，污水管，下水道( sewer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sewers discharge out at sea. 下水道的污水排入海里。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Another municipal waste problem is street runoff into storm sewers. 有关都市废水的另外一个问题是进入雨水沟的街道雨水。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法