Part 5 Book 2 Chapter 2 Ancient History of the Sewer

Let the reader imagine Paris lifted off like a cover, the subterranean¹ net-work of sewers³, from a bird's eye view, will outline on the banks a species of large branch grafted⁴ on the river. On the right bank, the belt sewer² will form the trunk of this branch, the secondary ducts will form the branches, and those without exit the twigs⁵.

This figure is but a summary one and half exact, the right angle, which is the customary angle of this species of subterranean ramifications⁶, being very rare in vegetation.

A more accurate image of this strange geometrical plan can be formed by supposing that one is viewing some eccentric oriental alphabet, as intricate as a thicket⁷, against a background of shadows, and the misshapen letters should be welded one to another in apparent confusion, and as at haphazard⁸, now by their angles, again by their extremities⁹.

Sinks and sewers played a great part in the Middle Ages, in the Lower Empire and in the Orient of old. The masses regarded these beds of decomposition¹⁰, these monstrous¹¹ cradles of death, with a fear that was almost religious. The vermin ditch of Benares is no less conducive¹² to giddiness than the lions' ditch of Babylon. Teglath-Phalasar, according to the rabbinical books, swore by the sink of Nineveh. It was from the sewer of Munster that John of Leyden produced his false moon, and it was from the cess-pool of Kekscheb that oriental menalchme, Mokanna, the veiled prophet of Khorassan, caused his false sun to emerge.

The history of men is reflected in the history of sewers. The Germoniae[58] narrated¹³ Rome. The sewer of Paris has been an ancient and formidable thing. It has been a sepulchre, it has served as an asylum¹⁴. Crime, intelligence, social protest, liberty of conscience, thought, theft, all that human laws persecute¹⁵ or have persecuted¹⁶, is hidden in that hole; the maillotins in the fourteenth century, the tire-laine of the fifteenth, the Huguenots in the sixteenth, Morin's illuminated¹⁷ in the seventeenth, the chauffeurs¹⁸ [brigands] in the eighteenth. A hundred years ago, the nocturnal blow of the dagger¹⁹ emerged thence, the pickpocket²⁰ in danger slipped thither²¹; the forest had its cave, Paris had its sewer. Vagrancy²², that Gallic picareria, accepted the sewer as the adjunct of the Cour des Miracles, and at evening, it returned thither,fierce and sly, through the Maubuee outlet²³, as into a bed-chamber.

[58] Steps on the Aventine Hill, leading to the Tiber, to which the bodies of executed criminals were dragged by hooks to be thrown into the Tiber.

It was quite natural, that those who had the blind-alley Vide-Gousset, [Empty-Pocket] or the Rue²⁴ Coupe-Gorge [Cut-Throat], for the scene of their daily labor²⁵, should have for their domicile by night the culvert of the Chemin-Vert, or the catch basin of Hurepoix. Hence a throng²⁶ of souvenirs. All sorts of phantoms²⁷ haunt these long, solitary²⁸ corridors; everywhere is putrescence and miasma²⁹; here and there are breathing-holes, where Villon within converses³⁰ with Rabelais without.

The sewer in ancient Paris is the rendezvous³¹ of all exhaustions and of all attempts. Political economy therein spies adetritus, social philosophy there beholds³² a residuum.

The sewer is the conscience of the city. Everything there converges³⁴ and confronts everything else. In that livid spot there are shades, but there are no longer any secrets. Each thing bears its true form, or at least, its definitive³⁵ form. The mass of filth³⁶ has this in its favor, that it is not a liar³⁷. Ingenuousness³⁸ has taken refuge there. The mask of Basil is to be found there, but one beholds its cardboard and its strings³⁹ and the inside as well as the outside, and it is accentuated⁴⁰ by honest mud. Scapin's false nose is its next-door neighbor. All the uncleannesses of civilization, once past their use, fall into this trench⁴¹ of truth, where the immense social sliding ends. They are there engulfed⁴², but they display themselves there. This mixture is a confession⁴³. There, no more false appearances, no plastering over is possible, filth removes its shirt, absolute denudation⁴⁴ puts to the rout⁴⁵ all illusions and mirages⁴⁶, there is nothing more except what really exists, presenting the sinister⁴⁷ form of that which is coming to an end. There, the bottom of a bottle indicates drunkenness, a basket-handle tells a tale of domesticity; there the core of an apple which has entertained literary opinions becomes an apple-core once more; the effigy⁴⁸ on the big sou becomes frankly⁴⁹ covered with verdigris⁵⁰, Caiphas' spittle meets Falstaff's puking, the louis-d'or which comes from the gaming-house jostles the nail whence hangs the rope's end of the suicide. a livid foetus rolls along, enveloped⁵¹ in the spangles which danced at the Opera last Shrove-Tuesday, a cap which has pronounced judgment⁵² on men wallows beside a mass of rottenness which was formerly⁵³ Margoton's petticoat; it is more than fraternization, it is equivalent to addressing each other as thou. All which was formerly rouged⁵⁴, is washed free. The last veil is torn away. A sewer is a cynic. It tells everything.

The sincerity⁵⁵ of foulness⁵⁶ pleases us, and rests the soul. When one has passed one's time in enduring upon earth the spectacle of the great airs which reasons of state, the oath, political sagacity, human justice, professional probity⁵⁷, the austerities of situation, incorruptible robes all assume, it solaces⁵⁸ one to enter a sewer and to behold³³ the mire⁵⁹ which befits it.

This is instructive at the same time. We have just said that history passes through the sewer. The Saint-Barthelemys filter through there, drop by drop, between the paving-stones. Great public assassinations⁶⁰, political and religious butcheries, traverse this underground passage of civilization, and thrust their corpses⁶¹ there. For the eye of the thinker, all historic murderers are to be found there, in that hideous⁶² penumbra⁶³, on their knees, with a scrap⁶⁴ of their winding-sheet for an apron⁶⁵, dismally⁶⁶ sponging out their work. Louis XI. is there with Tristan, Francois I. with Duprat, Charles IX. is there with his mother, Richelieu is there with Louis XIII., Louvois is there, Letellier is there, Hebert and Maillard are there, scratching the stones, and trying to make the traces of their actions disappear. Beneath these vaults⁶⁷ one hears the brooms of spectres. One there breathes the enormous fetidness of social catastrophes⁶⁸. One beholds reddish reflections in the corners. There flows a terrible stream, in which bloody⁶⁹ hands have been washed.

The social observer should enter these shadows. They form a part of his laboratory. Philosophy is the microscope of the thought. Everything desires to flee from it, but nothing escapes it. Tergiversation is useless. What side of oneself does one display in evasions⁷⁰? The shameful⁷¹ side. Philosophy pursues with its glance, probes the evil, and does not permit it to escape into nothingness. In the obliteration⁷² of things which disappear, in the watching of things which vanish, it recognizes all. It reconstructs the purple from the rag, and the woman from the scrap of her dress. From the cess-pool, it re-constitutes the city; from mud, it reconstructs manners; from the potsherd it infers the amphora or the jug⁷³. By the imprint⁷⁴ of a finger-nail on a piece of parchment, it recognizes the difference which separates the Jewry of the Judengasse from the Jewry of the Ghetto⁷⁵. It re-discovers in what remains⁷⁶ that which has been, good, evil, the true, the blood-stain of the palace, the ink-blot of the cavern⁷⁷, the drop of sweat from the brothel, trials undergone, temptations welcomed, orgies cast forth⁷⁸, the turn which characters have taken as they became abased⁷⁹, the trace of prostitution in souls of which their grossness rendered them capable, and on the vesture of the porters of Rome the mark of Messalina's elbowing.

让我们想象一下，巴黎象揭盖子那样被揭开了，笔直地往下着，这个地下的阴渠网有如画在两边岸上与河流衔接的树干。在右岸的阴渠总管道好比树枝的主干，较细的管道好比树枝，死胡同一如枝桠。

这图形很粗略，只是大致相似而已，地下分枝常出现直角，在植物中这是罕见的。

我们如果把这奇异的实测平面图想象成在一个黑底子上平视到的一种古怪而杂乱的东方字母表，这样会更相象一点，它那畸形的字母，表面上杂乱无章，好象很随便地有时在转角处、有时在尽头处相互衔接。

污水坑和阴渠在中古时代，在罗马帝国后期①和古老的东方起过很大作用。瘟疫在那儿发生，暴君在那儿死亡。民众见到这些腐烂物的温床、骇人的死亡的摇篮时几乎产生一种宗教性质的恐惧。贝拿勒斯②的害虫深坑与巴比伦的狮子坑同样使人头晕目眩。根据犹太士师书中的记载，蒂拉发拉查崇敬尼尼微的污物坑。让·德·赖特就是从蒙斯特的沟渠中引出他的假月亮来的，和他相貌酷似的东方的莫卡那，这个蒙着面纱的霍拉桑③先知，从盖许勃的污井中使他的假太阳升起来。

①罗马帝国后期，指二三五年至四七六年的罗马帝国。

②贝拿勒斯（Bénarès），印度圣城。

③霍拉桑（Khorassan），伊朗一省。　

人类的历史反映在阴渠的历史中。古罗马罪犯尸体示众场叙述了罗马的历史。巴黎的阴渠是一个可怕的老家伙，它曾是坟墓，它曾是避难所。罪恶、智慧、社会上的抗议、信仰自由、思想、盗窃，一切人类法律所追究的或曾追究过的都曾藏在这洞里；十四世纪巴黎的持槌抗税者，十五世纪沿路拦劫的强盗，十六世纪蒙难的新教徒，十七世纪的莫兰①集团，十八世纪的烧足匪徒②都藏在里面。一百年前，夜间行凶者从那儿出来，碰到危险的小偷又溜了回去；树林中有岩穴，巴黎就有阴渠。乞丐，即高卢的流氓，把阴渠当作圣迹区，到了晚上，他们奸猾又凶狠，钻进位于莫布埃街的进出口，好似退入帷幕之中。

①莫兰（Morin），巫师，一六六三年在巴黎被焚。

②烧足匪徒，在革命动乱时期化装抢劫农村的匪徒，烧受害人之足，迫使他们拿出钱财。

一贯在抢钱死胡同或割喉街干勾当的人晚上在绿径阴沟或于尔博瓦桥排水渠住家是很自然的。有关那儿的回忆数不胜数。各种鬼怪都在这长而寂寞的阴沟中出没，到处是霉烂物和瘴气，这儿那儿有一个通气洞，维庸曾在这洞口和外面的拉伯雷闲谈。

老巴黎的阴渠，是一切排泄物和一切铤而走险者的汇合处。政治经济学的观点认为这是人体的碎屑，而社会哲学的观点则把它看成是渣滓堆。

阴渠，就是城市的良心，一切都在那儿集中，对质。在这个死灰色的地方，有着它的黑暗处，但秘密已不存在。每件东西都显出了原形，或至少显出它最终的形状。垃圾堆的优点就是不撒谎。朴实藏身于此，那里有巴西尔的假面具，但人看见了硬纸也看见了细绳，里外都看到，面具还涂上一层诚实的污泥。司卡班的假鼻子紧挨在一旁。文明社会的一切卑鄙丑物，一旦无用，就都掉入这真相的阴渠中，这是社会上众多日渐变坏之物的终点。它们沉没在那儿，展开示众，这些杂乱的货色是一种自白。这儿，已没有假相，无法再粉饰，污秽脱下了衬衫，赤裸裸一丝不挂，它击溃了空想和幻景，以致原形毕露，显示出命终时的邪恶相，现实和消灭。这儿，一个瓶底承认酗酒行为，一个篮子柄叙述仆役生涯；这儿曾有过文学见解的苹果核①，又变成苹果核了。一个大铜钱上的肖像已完全变绿，该亚法的痰唾与法斯达夫的呕吐物相遇了，在这里，一个从赌博场中出来的金路易撞着了悬挂上吊绳子的钉子，一个惨白的胎儿，用最近狂欢节时为在歌剧院跳舞而穿的有金箔装饰的衣服裹成一卷，一顶审判过人的法官的帽子，躺在这曾是马格东②衬裙的污物旁，这不仅是友爱，而且还是亲密。一切涂脂抹粉的都变成一塌糊涂的形象。最后的面纱终于揭开，阴沟是一个厚颜无耻者，它吐露一切。

①苹果核，暗指无用的头脑。

②马格东（Margoton），指放荡的妇人。

淫荡败德的坦率令人感到痛快，心情舒畅。当人们在世上长期忍受了以国家利益为重的大道理之后棗诸如那些装腔作势的宣誓、政治上的明智、人类的正义、职业上的正直、应付某种情况的严正以及法官的清廉等，再走进阴沟并见到说明这些事物的污垢，那确实是件快事。

同时这也是一个教训。我们刚才已提到，阴渠反映了历史圣巴托罗缪的鲜血一滴一滴地从铺路石缝中渗入阴沟。大量的暗杀，政治与宗教领域的屠杀，经过这文明的地窖把杀戮后的尸体丢进去。以沉思者的眼光看，一切历史上的凶手都在这儿，在丑恶的昏暗处，跪在地上，用他们当作围腰用的裹尸布的一角，凄惨地抹去他们干的勾当。路易十一和特里斯唐①在那里面，弗朗索瓦一世和杜普拉②在里面，查理九世和他的母亲在里面，黎塞留和路易十三在里面，卢夫瓦在里面，勒泰利埃在里面，阿贝尔和马亚尔也在里面，他们刮着那些石头，想消灭他们为非作歹的痕迹。人们听见拱顶下这些鬼怪的扫帚声；人们在那儿嗅到社会上严重灾祸的恶臭，在一些角落里看到微红的反光。那儿淌着洗过血手后的可怕的水流。

①特里斯唐（Tristan　1’Hermite），路易十一的道路总监。

②杜普拉（Duprat，1463-1535），弗朗索瓦一世的司法大臣。

社会观察家应当走进这些阴暗处，这是他的实验室的一部分。哲学是思想的显微镜，一切都想避开它，但丝毫也溜不了。推诿强辩都无济于事。遁辞暴露了自己的哪一面呢？厚颜无耻的一面。哲学用正直的目光追踪罪恶，决不允许它逃之夭夭。已经过去而被忘却之事，已经消失而被贬低之事，它都能认出。根据破衣它能恢复王袍，根据烂衫能找出那个妇人，利用污坑它使城市再现，利用泥泞可使习俗再生。从一块碎片它推断出这是双耳尖底瓮还是水罐。凭借羊皮纸上的一个指甲印，它可以认出犹大本土的犹太族和移居的犹太族之间的区别。在剩下的一点残余上它恢复原来的面目，是善，是恶，是真，是假，宫中的血迹，地窖中的墨水污迹，妓院的油渍，经受过的考验，欣然接受的诱惑，呕吐出来的盛宴，品德在卑躬屈膝时留下的褶纹，灵魂因粗俗而变节时留下的迹象，在罗马脚夫的短衫上有着梅沙琳胳膊的迹印。

1 subterranean   

adj.地下的，地表下的

参考例句：

• London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.伦敦像这样的地下通道有9英里长。
• We wandered through subterranean passages.我们漫游地下通道。

2 sewer   

n.排水沟，下水道

参考例句：

• They are tearing up the street to repair a sewer. 他们正挖开马路修下水道。
• The boy kicked a stone into the sewer. 那个男孩把一石子踢进了下水道。

3 sewers   

n.阴沟，污水管，下水道( sewer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sewers discharge out at sea. 下水道的污水排入海里。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Another municipal waste problem is street runoff into storm sewers. 有关都市废水的另外一个问题是进入雨水沟的街道雨水。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

4 grafted   

移植( graft的过去式和过去分词 )； 嫁接； 使（思想、制度等）成为（…的一部份）； 植根

参考例句：

• No art can be grafted with success on another art. 没有哪种艺术能成功地嫁接到另一种艺术上。
• Apples are easily grafted. 苹果树很容易嫁接。

5 twigs   

细枝，嫩枝( twig的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Some birds build nests of twigs. 一些鸟用树枝筑巢。
• Willow twigs are pliable. 柳条很软。

6 ramifications   

n.结果，后果( ramification的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
• What are the ramifications of our decision to join the union? 我们决定加入工会会引起哪些后果呢？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 thicket   

n.灌木丛，树林

参考例句：

• A thicket makes good cover for animals to hide in.丛林是动物的良好隐蔽处。
• We were now at the margin of the thicket.我们现在已经来到了丛林的边缘。

8 haphazard   

adj.无计划的，随意的，杂乱无章的

参考例句：

• The town grew in a haphazard way.这城镇无计划地随意发展。
• He regrerted his haphazard remarks.他悔不该随口说出那些评论话。

9 extremities   

n.端点( extremity的名词复数 )；尽头；手和足；极窘迫的境地

参考例句：

• She was most noticeable, I thought, in respect of her extremities. 我觉得她那副穷极可怜的样子实在太惹人注目。 来自辞典例句
• Winters may be quite cool at the northwestern extremities. 西北边区的冬天也可能会相当凉。 来自辞典例句

10 decomposition   

n. 分解, 腐烂, 崩溃

参考例句：

• It is said that the magnetite was formed by a chemical process called thermal decomposition. 据说这枚陨星是在热分解的化学过程中形成的。
• The dehydration process leads to fairly extensive decomposition of the product. 脱水过程会导致产物相当程度的分解。

11 monstrous   

adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的

参考例句：

• The smoke began to whirl and grew into a monstrous column.浓烟开始盘旋上升，形成了一个巨大的烟柱。
• Your behaviour in class is monstrous!你在课堂上的行为真是丢人！

12 conducive   

adj.有益的，有助的

参考例句：

• This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
• Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。

13 narrated   

v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Some of the story was narrated in the film. 该电影叙述了这个故事的部分情节。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Defoe skilfully narrated the adventures of Robinson Crusoe on his desert island. 笛福生动地叙述了鲁滨逊·克鲁索在荒岛上的冒险故事。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

15 persecute   

vt.迫害，虐待；纠缠，骚扰

参考例句：

• They persecute those who do not conform to their ideas.他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。
• Hitler's undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with worldwide condemnation.希特勒对犹太人的露骨迫害行为遭到世界人民的谴责。

16 persecuted   

（尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人

参考例句：

• Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs. 人们因宗教信仰而受迫害的情况贯穿了整个历史。
• Members of these sects are ruthlessly persecuted and suppressed. 这些教派的成员遭到了残酷的迫害和镇压。

17 illuminated   

adj.被照明的；受启迪的

参考例句：

• Floodlights illuminated the stadium. 泛光灯照亮了体育场。
• the illuminated city at night 夜幕中万家灯火的城市

18 chauffeurs   

n.受雇于人的汽车司机( chauffeur的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Rich car buyers in China prefer to be driven by chauffeurs. 中国富裕的汽车购买者喜欢配备私人司机。 来自互联网
• Chauffeurs need to have good driving skills and know the roads well. 司机需要有好的驾驶技术并且对道路很熟悉。 来自互联网

19 dagger   

n.匕首，短剑，剑号

参考例句：

• The bad news is a dagger to his heart.这条坏消息刺痛了他的心。
• The murderer thrust a dagger into her heart.凶手将匕首刺进她的心脏。

20 pickpocket   

n.扒手；v.扒窃

参考例句：

• The pickpocket pinched her purse and ran away.扒手偷了她的皮夹子跑了。
• He had his purse stolen by a pickpocket.他的钱包被掏了。

21 thither   

adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的

参考例句：

• He wandered hither and thither looking for a playmate.他逛来逛去找玩伴。
• He tramped hither and thither.他到处流浪。

22 vagrancy   

（说话的，思想的）游移不定； 漂泊； 流浪； 离题

参考例句：

• The tramp was arrested for vagrancy. 这个流浪汉因流浪而被捕。
• Vagrancy and begging has become commonplace in London. 流浪和乞讨在伦敦已变得很常见。

23 outlet   

n.出口/路；销路；批发商店；通风口；发泄

参考例句：

• The outlet of a water pipe was blocked.水管的出水口堵住了。
• Running is a good outlet for his energy.跑步是他发泄过剩精力的好方法。

24 rue   

n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔

参考例句：

• You'll rue having failed in the examination.你会悔恨考试失败。
• You're going to rue this the longest day that you live.你要终身悔恨不尽呢。

25 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

26 throng   

n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集

参考例句：

• A patient throng was waiting in silence.一大群耐心的人在静静地等着。
• The crowds thronged into the mall.人群涌进大厅。

27 phantoms   

n.鬼怪，幽灵( phantom的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They vanished down the stairs like two phantoms. 他们像两个幽灵似的消失在了楼下。 来自辞典例句
• The horrible night that he had passed had left phantoms behind it. 他刚才度过的恐布之夜留下了种种错觉。 来自辞典例句

28 solitary   

adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士

参考例句：

• I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
• The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际，显得十分壮美。

29 miasma   

n.毒气；不良气氛

参考例句：

• A miasma rose from the marsh.沼泽地里冒出了瘴气。
• The novel spun a miasma of death and decay.小说笼罩着死亡和腐朽的气氛。

30 converses   

v.交谈，谈话( converse的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• We now shall derive the converses of these propositions. 现在我们来推导这些命题的逆命题。 来自辞典例句
• No man knows Hell like him who converses most in Heaven. 在天堂里谈话最多的人对地狱最了解。 来自辞典例句

31 rendezvous   

n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇

参考例句：

• She made the rendezvous with only minutes to spare.她还差几分钟时才来赴约。
• I have a rendezvous with Peter at a restaurant on the harbour.我和彼得在海港的一个餐馆有个约会。

32 beholds   

v.看，注视( behold的第三人称单数 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟

参考例句：

• He who beholds the gods against their will, shall atone for it by a heavy penalty. 谁违背神的意志看见了神，就要受到重罚以赎罪。 来自辞典例句
• All mankind has gazed on it; Man beholds it from afar. 25?所行的，万人都看见；世人都从远处观看。 来自互联网

33 behold   

v.看，注视，看到

参考例句：

• The industry of these little ants is wonderful to behold.这些小蚂蚁辛勤劳动的样子看上去真令人惊叹。
• The sunrise at the seaside was quite a sight to behold.海滨日出真是个奇景。

34 converges   

v.（线条、运动的物体等）会于一点( converge的第三人称单数 )；（趋于）相似或相同；人或车辆汇集；聚集

参考例句：

• The dike swarm converges on West Spanish peak. 岩脉群汇聚于西西班牙峰。 来自辞典例句
• Property 2 If 、 converge to and respectively, then also converges, and. 性质2如果级数、分别收敛于和，则级数也收敛，且其和为。 来自互联网

35 definitive   

adj.确切的，权威性的；最后的，决定性的

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.至于为什么该这样，还没有人给出明确的答复。

36 filth   

n.肮脏，污物，污秽；淫猥

参考例句：

• I don't know how you can read such filth.我不明白你怎么会去读这种淫秽下流的东西。
• The dialogue was all filth and innuendo.这段对话全是下流的言辞和影射。

37 liar   

n.说谎的人

参考例句：

• I know you for a thief and a liar!我算认识你了，一个又偷又骗的家伙！
• She was wrongly labelled a liar.她被错误地扣上说谎者的帽子。

38 ingenuousness   

n.率直；正直；老实

参考例句：

• He would acknowledge with perfect ingenuousness that his concession had been attended with such partial good. 他坦率地承认，由于他让步的结果，招来不少坏处。 来自辞典例句

39 strings   

n.弦

参考例句：

• He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上，随意地拨着吉他的弦。
• She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。

40 accentuated   

v.重读( accentuate的过去式和过去分词 )；使突出；使恶化；加重音符号于

参考例句：

• The problem is accentuated by a shortage of water and electricity. 缺乏水电使问题愈加严重。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Her black hair accentuated the delicateness of her skin. 她那乌黑的头发更衬托出她洁嫩的皮肤。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

41 trench   

n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕

参考例句：

• The soldiers recaptured their trench.兵士夺回了战壕。
• The troops received orders to trench the outpost.部队接到命令在前哨周围筑壕加强防卫。

42 engulfed   

v.吞没，包住( engulf的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was engulfed by a crowd of reporters. 他被一群记者团团围住。
• The little boat was engulfed by the waves. 小船被波浪吞没了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

43 confession   

n.自白，供认，承认

参考例句：

• Her confession was simply tantamount to a casual explanation.她的自白简直等于一篇即席说明。
• The police used torture to extort a confession from him.警察对他用刑逼供。

44 denudation   

n.剥下；裸露；滥伐；剥蚀

参考例句：

• Sedimentation and denudation play a role in exceptional cases. 沉积和剥蚀作用的影响只在特殊情况下起作用。 来自辞典例句
• The cooling rate and denudation rate decreased overall from north to south. 总体上自北而南，剥蚀速率和冷却速率均逐渐变小。 来自互联网

45 rout   

n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮

参考例句：

• The enemy was put to rout all along the line.敌人已全线崩溃。
• The people's army put all to rout wherever they went.人民军队所向披靡。

46 mirages   

n.海市蜃楼，幻景( mirage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Through my half-closed eyelids I began to see mirages. 透过我半睁半闭的双眼，我看到了海市蜃楼。 来自辞典例句
• There was for him only one trustworthy road through deceptions and mirages. 对他来说只有一条可靠的路能避开幻想和错觉。 来自辞典例句

47 sinister   

adj.不吉利的，凶恶的，左边的

参考例句：

• There is something sinister at the back of that series of crimes.在这一系列罪行背后有险恶的阴谋。
• Their proposals are all worthless and designed out of sinister motives.他们的建议不仅一钱不值，而且包藏祸心。

48 effigy   

n.肖像

参考例句：

• There the effigy stands,and stares from age to age across the changing ocean.雕像依然耸立在那儿，千秋万载地凝视着那变幻无常的大海。
• The deposed dictator was burned in effigy by the crowd.群众焚烧退位独裁者的模拟像。

49 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。

50 verdigris   

n.铜锈；铜绿

参考例句：

• His pockets are full of red lead and verdigris.他的衣袋里装满铅丹和铜绿。
• Verdigris has spread all over that abandoned copper pot.那把已经废弃的铜壶上长满了铜锈。

51 enveloped   

v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She was enveloped in a huge white towel. 她裹在一条白色大毛巾里。
• Smoke from the burning house enveloped the whole street. 燃烧着的房子冒出的浓烟笼罩了整条街。 来自《简明英汉词典》

52 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

53 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

54 rouged   

胭脂，口红( rouge的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Tigress in a red jacket, her face powdered and rouged, followed him with her eyes. 虎妞穿着红袄，脸上抹着白粉与胭脂，眼睛溜着他。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
• She worked carefully on her penciled her eyebrows and rouged her lips. 她仔细地梳理着头发，描眉，涂口红。

55 sincerity   

n.真诚，诚意；真实

参考例句：

• His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。
• He tried hard to satisfy me of his sincerity.他竭力让我了解他的诚意。

56 foulness   

n. 纠缠, 卑鄙

参考例句：

• The meeting is delayed by the foulness of the weather. 会议被恶劣的天气耽搁了。
• In his book, he lay bare the foulness of man. 在他的著作中，他揭露人类的卑鄙。

57 probity   

n.刚直；廉洁，正直

参考例句：

• Probity and purity will command respect everywhere.为人正派到处受人尊敬。
• Her probity and integrity are beyond question.她的诚实和正直是无可争辩的。

58 solaces   

n.安慰，安慰物( solace的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Next to love, it is the one thing which solaces and delights. 除了爱情，也就数这事能给人安慰，令人愉快了。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• A lover can never have enough of the solaces of his beloved. 来自所爱之人的安慰再多，情人也不嫌。 来自互联网

59 mire   

n.泥沼，泥泞；v.使...陷于泥泞，使...陷入困境

参考例句：

• I don't want my son's good name dragged through the mire.我不想使我儿子的名誉扫地。
• He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

60 assassinations   

n.暗杀( assassination的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Most anarchist assassinations were bungled because of haste or spontaneity, in his view. 在他看来，无政府主义者搞的许多刺杀都没成功就是因为匆忙和自发行动。 来自辞典例句
• Assassinations by Israelis of alleged terrorists habitually kill nearby women and children. 在以色列，自称恐怖分子的炸弹自杀者杀害靠近自己的以色列妇女和儿童。 来自互联网

61 corpses   

n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The living soldiers put corpses together and burned them. 活着的战士把尸体放在一起烧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Overhead, grayish-white clouds covered the sky, piling up heavily like decaying corpses. 天上罩满了灰白的薄云，同腐烂的尸体似的沉沉的盖在那里。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

62 hideous   

adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的

参考例句：

• The whole experience had been like some hideous nightmare.整个经历就像一场可怕的噩梦。
• They're not like dogs,they're hideous brutes.它们不像狗，是丑陋的畜牲。

63 penumbra   

n.（日蚀）半影部

参考例句：

• This includes the continuous survey of umbra and penumbra of the sunspot.这包括对太阳黑子本影和半影持续的观测。
• A penumbra of doubt surrounds the incident.疑惑的阴影笼罩着该事件。

64 scrap   

n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废

参考例句：

• A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.有个男人定时来收废品。
• Sell that car for scrap.把那辆汽车当残品卖了吧。

65 apron   

n.围裙；工作裙

参考例句：

• We were waited on by a pretty girl in a pink apron.招待我们的是一位穿粉红色围裙的漂亮姑娘。
• She stitched a pocket on the new apron.她在新围裙上缝上一只口袋。

66 dismally   

adv.阴暗地，沉闷地

参考例句：

• Fei Little Beard assented dismally. 费小胡子哭丧着脸回答。 来自子夜部分
• He began to howl dismally. 它就凄凉地吠叫起来。 来自辞典例句

67 vaults   

n.拱顶( vault的名词复数 )；地下室；撑物跳高；墓穴

参考例句：

• It was deposited in the vaults of a bank. 它存在一家银行的保险库里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》

68 catastrophes   

n.灾祸( catastrophe的名词复数 )；灾难；不幸事件；困难

参考例句：

• Two of history's worst natural catastrophes occurred in 1970. 1970年发生了历史上最严重两次自然灾害。 来自辞典例句
• The Swiss deposits contain evidence of such catastrophes. 瑞士的遗址里还有这种灾难的证据。 来自辞典例句

69 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

70 evasions   

逃避( evasion的名词复数 )； 回避； 遁辞； 借口

参考例句：

• A little overwhelmed, I began the generalized evasions which that question deserves. 我有点不知所措，就开始说一些含糊其词的话来搪塞。
• His answers to my questions were all evasions. 他对我的问题的回答均为遁词。

71 shameful   

adj.可耻的，不道德的

参考例句：

• It is very shameful of him to show off.他向人炫耀自己，真不害臊。
• We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。

72 obliteration   

n.涂去，删除；管腔闭合

参考例句：

• The policy is obliteration, openly acknowledged. 政策是彻底毁灭，公开承认的政策。 来自演讲部分
• "Obliteration is not a justifiable act of war" “彻底消灭并不是有理的战争行为” 来自演讲部分

73 jug   

n.(有柄，小口，可盛水等的)大壶，罐，盂

参考例句：

• He walked along with a jug poised on his head.他头上顶着一个水罐，保持着平衡往前走。
• She filled the jug with fresh water.她将水壶注满了清水。

74 imprint   

n.印痕，痕迹；深刻的印象；vt.压印，牢记

参考例句：

• That dictionary is published under the Longman imprint.那本词典以朗曼公司的名义出版。
• Her speech left its imprint on me.她的演讲给我留下了深刻印象。

75 ghetto   

n.少数民族聚居区，贫民区

参考例句：

• Racism and crime still flourish in the ghetto.城市贫民区的种族主义和犯罪仍然十分猖獗。
• I saw that achievement as a possible pattern for the entire ghetto.我把获得的成就看作整个黑人区可以仿效的榜样。

76 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

77 cavern   

n.洞穴，大山洞

参考例句：

• The cavern walls echoed his cries.大山洞的四壁回响着他的喊声。
• It suddenly began to shower,and we took refuge in the cavern.天突然下起雨来，我们在一个山洞里避雨。

78 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

79 abased   

使谦卑( abase的过去式和过去分词 )； 使感到羞耻； 使降低（地位、身份等）； 降下

参考例句：

• His moral force was abased into more than childish weakness. 他的精神力量已经衰颓，低得不如孩子。 来自英汉文学 - 红字
• He is self-abased because of unluck he meets with. 他因遭不幸而自卑。