Reader,— I don’t know what kind of a preface I must write to find thee courteous1, an epithet2 too often bestowed3 without a cause. The author of this work has been as sparing of what we call good nature, as most readers are nowadays. So I am afraid his translator and commentator4 is not to expect much more than has been showed them. What’s worse, there are but two sorts of taking prefaces, as there are but two kinds of prologues5 to plays; for Mr. Bays was doubtless in the right when he said that if thunder and lightning could not fright an audience into complaisance6, the sight of the poet with a rope about his neck might work them into pity. Some, indeed, have bullied7 many of you into applause, and railed at your faults that you might think them without any; and others, more safely, have spoken kindly8 of you, that you might think, or at least speak, as favourably9 of them, and be flattered into patience. Now, I fancy, there’s nothing less difficult to attempt than the first method; for, in this blessed age, ’tis as easy to find a bully10 without courage, as a whore without beauty, or a writer without wit; though those qualifications are so necessary in their respective professions. The mischief11 is, that you seldom allow any to rail besides yourselves, and cannot bear a pride which shocks your own. As for wheedling12 you into a liking13 of a work, I must confess it seems the safest way; but though flattery pleases you well when it is particular, you hate it, as little concerning you, when it is general. Then we knights14 of the quill15 are a stiff-necked generation, who as seldom care to seem to doubt the worth of our writings, and their being liked, as we love to flatter more than one at a time; and had rather draw our pens, and stand up for the beauty of our works (as some arrant16 fools use to do for that of their mistresses) to the last drop of our ink. And truly this submission17, which sometimes wheedles18 you into pity, as seldom decoys you into love, as the awkward cringing19 of an antiquated20 fop, as moneyless as he is ugly, affects an experienced fair one. Now we as little value your pity as a lover his mistress’s, well satisfied that it is only a less uncivil way of dismissing us. But what if neither of these two ways will work upon you, of which doleful truth some of our playwrights21 stand so many living monuments? Why, then, truly I think on no other way at present but blending the two into one; and, from this marriage of huffing and cringing, there will result a new kind of careless medley22, which, perhaps, will work upon both sorts of readers, those who are to be hectored, and those whom we must creep to. At least, it is like to please by its novelty; and it will not be the first monster that has pleased you when regular nature could not do it.
If uncommon23 worth, lively wit, and deep learning, wove into wholesome24 satire25, a bold, good, and vast design admirably pursued, truth set out in its true light, and a method how to arrive to its oracle26, can recommend a work, I am sure this has enough to please any reasonable man. The three books published some time since, which are in a manner an entire work, were kindly received; yet, in the French, they come far short of these two, which are also entire pieces; for the satire is all general here, much more obvious, and consequently more entertaining. Even my long explanatory preface was not thought improper27. Though I was so far from being allowed time to make it methodical, that at first only a few pages were intended; yet as fast as they were printed I wrote on, till it proved at last like one of those towns built little at first, then enlarged, where you see promiscuously28 an odd variety of all sorts of irregular buildings. I hope the remarks I give now will not please less; for, as I have translated the work which they explain, I had more time to make them, though as little to write them. It would be needless to give here a large account of my performance; for, after all, you readers care no more for this or that apology, or pretence29 of Mr. Translator, if the version does not please you, than we do for a blundering cook’s excuse after he has spoiled a good dish in the dressing30. Nor can the first pretend to much praise, besides that of giving his author’s sense in its full extent, and copying his style, if it is to be copied; since he has no share in the invention or disposition31 of what he translates. Yet there was no small difficulty in doing Rabelais justice in that double respect; the obsolete32 words and turns of phrase, and dark subjects, often as darkly treated, make the sense hard to be understood even by a Frenchman, and it cannot be easy to give it the free easy air of an original; for even what seems most common talk in one language, is what is often the most difficult to be made so in another; and Horace’s thoughts of comedy may be well applied33 to this:
Creditur, ex medio quia res arcessit, habere
Sudoris minimum; sed habet commoedia tantum
Plus oneris, quanto veniae minus.
Far be it from me, for all this, to value myself upon hitting the words of cant34 in which my drolling author is so luxuriant; for though such words have stood me in good stead, I scarce can forbear thinking myself unhappy in having insensibly hoarded36 up so much gibberish and Billingsgate trash in my memory; nor could I forbear asking of myself, as an Italian cardinal38 said on another account, D’onde hai tu pigliato tante coglionerie? Where the devil didst thou rake up all these fripperies?
It was not less difficult to come up to the author’s sublime39 expressions. Nor would I have attempted such a task, but that I was ambitious of giving a view of the most valuable work of the greatest genius of his age, to the Mecaenas and best genius of this. For I am not overfond of so ungrateful a task as translating, and would rejoice to see less versions and more originals; so the latter were not as bad as many of the first are, through want of encouragement. Some indeed have deservedly gained esteem40 by translating; yet not many condescend41 to translate, but such as cannot invent; though to do the first well requires often as much genius as to do the latter.
I wish, reader, thou mayest be as willing to do my author justice, as I have strove to do him right. Yet, if thou art a brother of the quill, it is ten to one thou art too much in love with thy own dear productions to admire those of one of thy trade. However, I know three or four who have not such a mighty42 opinion of themselves; but I’ll not name them, lest I should be obliged to place myself among them. If thou art one of those who, though they never write, criticise43 everyone that does; avaunt!— Thou art a professed44 enemy of mankind and of thyself, who wilt45 never be pleased nor let anybody be so, and knowest no better way to fame than by striving to lessen46 that of others; though wouldst thou write thou mightst be soon known, even by the butterwomen, and fly through the world in bandboxes. If thou art of the dissembling tribe, it is thy office to rail at those books which thou huggest in a corner. If thou art one of those eavesdroppers, who would have their moroseness47 be counted gravity, thou wilt condemn48 a mirth which thou art past relishing49; and I know no other way to quit the score than by writing (as like enough I may) something as dull, or duller than thyself, if possible. If thou art one of those critics in dressing, those extempores of fortune, who, having lost a relation and got an estate, in an instant set up for wit and every extravagance, thou’lt either praise or discommend this book, according to the dictates50 of some less foolish than thyself, perhaps of one of those who, being lodged51 at the sign of the box and dice52, will know better things than to recommend to thee a work which bids thee beware of his tricks. This book might teach thee to leave thy follies53; but some will say it does not signify much to some fools whether they are so or not; for when was there a fool that thought himself one? If thou art one of those who would put themselves upon us for learned men in Greek and Hebrew, yet are mere54 blockheads in English, and patch together old pieces of the ancients to get themselves clothes out of them, thou art too severely55 mauled in this work to like it. Who then will? some will cry. Nay56, besides these, many societies that make a great figure in the world are reflected on in this book; which caused Rabelais to study to be dark, and even bedaub it with many loose expressions, that he might not be thought to have any other design than to droll35; in a manner bewraying his book that his enemies might not bite it. Truly, though now the riddle57 is expounded58, I would advise those who read it not to reflect on the author, lest he be thought to have been beforehand with them, and they be ranked among those who have nothing to show for their honesty but their money, nothing for their religion but their dissembling, or a fat benefice, nothing for their wit but their dressing, for their nobility but their title, for their gentility but their sword, for their courage but their huffing, for their preferment but their assurance, for their learning but their degrees, or for their gravity but their wrinkles or dulness. They had better laugh at one another here, as it is the custom of the world. Laughing is of all professions; the miser59 may hoard37, the spendthrift squander60, the politician plot, the lawyer wrangle61, and the gamester cheat; still their main design is to be able to laugh at one another; and here they may do it at a cheap and easy rate. After all, should this work fail to please the greater number of readers, I am sure it cannot miss being liked by those who are for witty62 mirth and a chirping63 bottle; though not by those solid sots who seem to have drudged all their youth long only that they might enjoy the sweet blessing64 of getting drunk every night in their old age. But those men of sense and honour who love truth and the good of mankind in general above all other things will undoubtedly65 countenance66 this work. I will not gravely insist upon its usefulness, having said enough of it in the preface [Motteux’ Preface to vol. I of Rabelais, ed. 1694.] to the first part. I will only add, that as Homer in his Odyssey67 makes his hero wander ten years through most parts of the then known world, so Rabelais, in a three months’ voyage, makes Pantagruel take a view of almost all sorts of people and professions; with this difference, however, between the ancient mythologist68 and the modern, that while the Odyssey has been compared to a setting sun in respect to the Iliads, Rabelais’ last work, which is this Voyage to the Oracle of the Bottle (by which he means truth) is justly thought his masterpiece, being wrote with more spirit, salt, and flame, than the first part of his works. At near seventy years of age, his genius, far from being drained, seemed to have acquired fresh vigour69 and new graces the more it exerted itself; like those rivers which grow more deep, large, majestic70, and useful by their course. Those who accuse the French of being as sparing of their wit as lavish71 of their words will find an Englishman in our author. I must confess indeed that my countrymen and other southern nations temper the one with the other in a manner as they do their wine with water, often just dashing the latter with a little of the first. Now here men love to drink their wine pure; nay, sometimes it will not satisfy unless in its very quintessence, as in brandies; though an excess of this betrays want of sobriety, as much as an excess of wit betrays a want of judgment72. But I must conclude, lest I be justly taxed with wanting both. I will only add, that as every language has its peculiar73 graces, seldom or never to be acquired by a foreigner, I cannot think I have given my author those of the English in every place; but as none compelled me to write, I fear to ask a pardon which yet the generous temper of this nation makes me hope to obtain. Albinus, a Roman, who had written in Greek, desired in his preface to be forgiven his faults of language; but Cato asked him in derision whether any had forced him to write in a tongue of which he was not an absolute master. Lucullus wrote a history in the same tongue, and said he had scattered74 some false Greek in it to let the world know it was the work of a Roman. I will not say as much of my writings, in which I study to be as little incorrect as the hurry of business and shortness of time will permit; but I may better say, as Tully did of the history of his consulship75, which he also had written in Greek, that what errors may be found in the diction are crept in against my intent. Indeed, Livius Andronicus and Terence, the one a Greek, the other a Carthaginian, wrote successfully in Latin, and the latter is perhaps the most perfect model of the purity and urbanity of that tongue; but I ought not to hope for the success of those great men. Yet am I ambitious of being as subservient76 to the useful diversion of the ingenious of this nation as I can, which I have endeavoured in this work, with hopes to attempt some greater tasks if ever I am happy enough to have more leisure. In the meantime it will not displease77 me, if it is known that this is given by one who, though born and educated in France, has the love and veneration78 of a loyal subject for this nation, one who, by a fatality79, which with many more made him say,
Nos patriam fugimus et dulcia linquimus arva,
is obliged to make the language of these happy regions as natural to him as he can, and thankfully say with the rest, under this Protestant government,
Deus nobis haec otia fecit.
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courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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epithet
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| n.（用于褒贬人物等的）表述形容词，修饰语 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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commentator
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| n.注释者，解说者；实况广播评论员 | |
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prologues
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| n.序言，开场白( prologue的名词复数 ) | |
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complaisance
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| n.彬彬有礼，殷勤，柔顺 | |
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bullied
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| adj.被欺负了v.恐吓，威逼( bully的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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favourably
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| adv. 善意地，赞成地 =favorably | |
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bully
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| n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓；vt.威胁，欺侮 | |
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mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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wheedling
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| v.骗取（某物），哄骗（某人干某事）( wheedle的现在分词 ) | |
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liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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quill
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| n.羽毛管；v.给（织物或衣服）作皱褶 | |
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arrant
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| adj.极端的；最大的 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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wheedles
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| v.骗取（某物），哄骗（某人干某事）( wheedle的第三人称单数 ) | |
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cringing
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| adj.谄媚，奉承 | |
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antiquated
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| adj.陈旧的，过时的 | |
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playwrights
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| n.剧作家( playwright的名词复数 ) | |
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medley
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| n.混合 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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oracle
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| n.神谕，神谕处，预言 | |
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improper
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| adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的 | |
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promiscuously
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| adv.杂乱地，混杂地 | |
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pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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obsolete
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| adj.已废弃的，过时的 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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cant
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| n.斜穿，黑话，猛扔 | |
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droll
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| adj.古怪的，好笑的 | |
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hoarded
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| v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hoard
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| n./v.窖藏，贮存，囤积 | |
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cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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condescend
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| v.俯就，屈尊；堕落，丢丑 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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criticise
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| v.批评，评论；非难 | |
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professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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lessen
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| vt.减少，减轻；缩小 | |
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moroseness
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condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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relishing
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| v.欣赏( relish的现在分词 )；从…获得乐趣；渴望 | |
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dictates
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| n.命令，规定，要求( dictate的名词复数 )v.大声讲或读( dictate的第三人称单数 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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lodged
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| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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dice
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| n.骰子；vt.把（食物）切成小方块，冒险 | |
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follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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riddle
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| n.谜，谜语，粗筛；vt.解谜，给…出谜，筛，检查，鉴定，非难，充满于；vi.出谜 | |
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expounded
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| 论述，详细讲解( expound的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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miser
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| n.守财奴，吝啬鬼 (adj.miserly) | |
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squander
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| v.浪费，挥霍 | |
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wrangle
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| vi.争吵 | |
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witty
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| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
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chirping
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| 鸟叫，虫鸣( chirp的现在分词 ) | |
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blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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odyssey
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| n.长途冒险旅行；一连串的冒险 | |
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mythologist
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| n.神话学家；神话作家 | |
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vigour
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| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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lavish
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| adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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consulship
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| 领事的职位或任期 | |
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subservient
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| adj.卑屈的，阿谀的 | |
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displease
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| vt.使不高兴，惹怒；n.不悦，不满，生气 | |
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veneration
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| n.尊敬，崇拜 | |
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fatality
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| n.不幸，灾祸，天命 | |
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