“The hour’s come, but not the man.”
Kelpie.
On the day when the unhappy Porteous was expected to suffer the sentence of the law, the place of execution, extensive as it is, was crowded almost to suffocation1. There was not a window in all the lofty tenements2 around it, or in the steep and crooked3 street called the Bow, by which the fatal procession was to descend4 from the High Street, that was not absolutely filled with spectators. The uncommon5 height and antique appearance of these houses, some of which were formerly6 the property of the Knights7 Templars, and the Knights of St. John, and still exhibit on their fronts and gables the iron cross of these orders, gave additional effect to a scene in itself so striking. The area of the Grassmarket resembled a huge dark lake or sea of human heads, in the centre of which arose the fatal tree, tall, black, and ominous8, from which dangled9 the deadly halter. Every object takes interest from its uses and associations, and the erect10 beam and empty noose11, things so simple in themselves, became, on such an occasion, objects of terror and of solemn interest.
Amid so numerous an assembly there was scarcely a word spoken, save in whispers. The thirst of vengeance14 was in some degree allayed15 by its supposed certainty; and even the populace, with deeper feeling than they are wont16 to entertain, suppressed all clamorous17 exultation18, and prepared to enjoy the scene of retaliation19 in triumph, silent and decent, though stern and relentless20. It seemed as if the depth of their hatred21 to the unfortunate criminal scorned to display itself in anything resembling the more noisy current of their ordinary feelings. Had a stranger consulted only the evidence of his ears, he might have supposed that so vast a multitude were assembled for some purpose which affected22 them with the deepest sorrow, and stilled those noises which, on all ordinary occasions, arise from such a concourse; but if he had gazed upon their faces, he would have been instantly undeceived. The compressed lip, the bent23 brow, the stern and flashing eye of almost everyone on whom he looked, conveyed the expression of men come to glut24 their sight with triumphant25 revenge. It is probable that the appearance of the criminal might have somewhat changed the temper of the populace in his favour, and that they might in the moment of death have forgiven the man against whom their resentment26 had been so fiercely heated. It had, however, been destined27, that the mutability of their sentiments was not to be exposed to this trial.
The usual hour for producing the criminal had been past for many minutes, yet the spectators observed no symptom of his appearance. “Would they venture to defraud29 public justice?” was the question which men began anxiously to ask at each other. The first answer in every case was bold and positive — “They dare not.” But when the point was further canvassed30, other opinions were entertained, and various causes of doubt were suggested. Porteous had been a favourite officer of the magistracy of the city, which, being a numerous and fluctuating body, requires for its support a degree of energy in its functionaries31, which the individuals who compose it cannot at all times alike be supposed to possess in their own persons. It was remembered, that in the Information for Porteous (the paper, namely, in which his case was stated to the Judges of the criminal court), he had been described by his counsel as the person on whom the magistrates32 chiefly relied in all emergencies of uncommon difficulty. It was argued, too, that his conduct, on the unhappy occasion of Wilson’s execution, was capable of being attributed to an imprudent excess of zeal33 in the execution of his duty, a motive34 for which those under whose authority he acted might be supposed to have great sympathy. And as these considerations might move the magistrates to make a favourable35 representation of Porteous’s case, there were not wanting others in the higher departments of Government, which would make such suggestions favourably36 listened to.
The mob of Edinburgh, when thoroughly37 excited, had been at all times one of the fiercest which could be found in Europe; and of late years they had risen repeatedly against the Government, and sometimes not without temporary success. They were conscious, therefore, that they were no favourites with the rulers of the period, and that, if Captain Porteous’s violence was not altogether regarded as good service, it might certainly be thought, that to visit it with a capital punishment would render it both delicate and dangerous for future officers, in the same circumstances, to act with effect in repressing tumults38. There is also a natural feeling, on the part of all members of Government, for the general maintenance of authority; and it seemed not unlikely, that what to the relatives of the sufferers appeared a wanton and unprovoked massacre40, should be otherwise viewed in the cabinet of St. James’s. It might be there supposed, that upon the whole matter, Captain Porteous was in the exercise of a trust delegated to him by the lawful41 civil authority; that he had been assaulted by the populace, and several of his men hurt; and that, in finally repelling42 force by force, his conduct could be fairly imputed43 to no other motive than self-defence in the discharge of his duty.
These considerations, of themselves very powerful, induced the spectators to apprehend44 the possibility of a reprieve45; and to the various causes which might interest the rulers in his favour, the lower part of the rabble46 added one which was peculiarly well adapted to their comprehension. It was averred47, in order to increase the odium against Porteous, that while he repressed with the utmost severity the slightest excesses of the poor, he not only overlooked the license48 of the young nobles and gentry49, but was very willing to lend them the countenance50 of his official authority, in execution of such loose pranks51 as it was chiefly his duty to have restrained. This suspicion, which was perhaps much exaggerated, made a deep impression on the minds of the populace; and when several of the higher rank joined in a petition, recommending Porteous to the mercy of the Crown, it was generally supposed he owed their favour not to any conviction of the hardship of his case, but to the fear of losing a convenient accomplice52 in their debaucheries. It is scarcely necessary to say how much this suspicion augmented53 the people’s detestation of this obnoxious54 criminal, as well as their fear of his escaping the sentence pronounced against him.
While these arguments were stated and replied to, and canvassed and supported, the hitherto silent expectation of the people became changed into that deep and agitating55 murmur56, which is sent forth57 by the ocean before the tempest begins to howl. The crowded populace, as if their motions had corresponded with the unsettled state of their minds, fluctuated to and fro without any visible cause of impulse, like the agitation58 of the waters, called by sailors the ground-swell. The news, which the magistrates had almost hesitated to communicate to them, were at length announced, and spread among the spectators with a rapidity like lightning. A reprieve from the Secretary of State’s office, under the hand of his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, had arrived, intimating the pleasure of Queen Caroline (regent of the kingdom during the absence of George II. on the Continent), that the execution of the sentence of death pronounced against John Porteous, late Captain-Lieutenant of the City Guard of Edinburgh, present prisoner in the Tolbooth of that city, be respited59 for six weeks from the time appointed for his execution.
The assembled spectators of almost all degrees, whose minds had been wound up to the pitch which we have described, uttered a groan61, or rather a roar of indignation and disappointed revenge, similar to that of a tiger from whom his meal has been rent by his keeper when he was just about to devour62 it. This fierce exclamation63 seemed to forbode some immediate64 explosion of popular resentment, and, in fact, such had been expected by the magistrates, and the necessary measures had been taken to repress it. But the shout was not repeated, nor did any sudden tumult39 ensue, such as it appeared to announce. The populace seemed to be ashamed of having expressed their disappointment in a vain clamour, and the sound changed, not into the silence which had preceded the arrival of these stunning65 news, but into stifled66 mutterings, which each group maintained among themselves, and which were blended into one deep and hoarse67 murmur which floated above the assembly.
Yet still, though all expectation of the execution was over, the mob remained assembled, stationary68, as it were, through very resentment, gazing on the preparations for death, which had now been made in vain, and stimulating69 their feelings, by recalling the various claims which Wilson might have had on royal mercy, from the mistaken motives70 on which he acted, as well as from the generosity71 he had displayed towards his accomplice. “This man,” they said — “the brave, the resolute72, the generous, was executed to death without mercy for stealing a purse of gold, which in some sense he might consider as a fair reprisal73; while the profligate74 satellite, who took advantage of a trifling75 tumult, inseparable from such occasions, to shed the blood of twenty of his fellow-citizens, is deemed a fitting object for the exercise of the royal prerogative76 of mercy. Is this to be borne? — would our fathers have borne it? Are not we, like them, Scotsmen and burghers of Edinburgh?”
The officers of justice began now to remove the scaffold, and other preparations which had been made for the execution, in hopes, by doing so, to accelerate the dispersion of the multitude. The measure had the desired effect; for no sooner had the fatal tree been unfixed from the large stone pedestal or socket77 in which it was secured, and sunk slowly down upon the wain intended to remove it to the place where it was usually deposited, than the populace, after giving vent28 to their feelings in a second shout of rage and mortification78, began slowly to disperse79 to their usual abodes81 and occupations.
The windows were in like manner gradually deserted82, and groups of the more decent class of citizens formed themselves, as if waiting to return homewards when the streets should be cleared of the rabble. Contrary to what is frequently the case, this description of persons agreed in general with the sentiments of their inferiors, and considered the cause as common to all ranks. Indeed, as we have already noticed, it was by no means amongst the lowest class of the spectators, or those most likely to be engaged in the riot at Wilson’s execution, that the fatal fire of Porteous’s soldiers had taken effect. Several persons were killed who were looking out at windows at the scene, who could not of course belong to the rioters, and were persons of decent rank and condition. The burghers, therefore, resenting the loss which had fallen on their own body, and proud and tenacious83 of their rights, as the citizens of Edinburgh have at all times been, were greatly exasperated84 at the unexpected respite60 of Captain Porteous.
It was noticed at the time, and afterwards more particularly remembered, that, while the mob were in the act of dispersing85, several individuals were seen busily passing from one place and one group of people to another, remaining long with none, but whispering for a little time with those who appeared to be declaiming most violently against the conduct of Government. These active agents had the appearance of men from the country, and were generally supposed to be old friends and confederates of Wilson, whose minds were of course highly excited against Porteous.
If, however, it was the intention of these men to stir the multitude to any sudden act of mutiny, it seemed for the time to be fruitless. The rabble, as well as the more decent part of the assembly, dispersed86, and went home peaceably; and it was only by observing the moody87 discontent on their brows, or catching88 the tenor89 of the conversation they held with each other, that a stranger could estimate the state of their minds. We will give the reader this advantage, by associating ourselves with one of the numerous groups who were painfully ascending90 the steep declivity91 of the West Bow, to return to their dwellings92 in the Lawnmarket.
“An unco thing this, Mrs. Howden,” said old Peter Plumdamas to his neighbour the rouping-wife, or saleswoman, as he offered her his arm to assist her in the toilsome ascent93, “to see the grit94 folk at Lunnon set their face against law and gospel, and let loose sic a reprobate95 as Porteous upon a peaceable town!”
“And to think o’ the weary walk they hae gien us,” answered Mrs. Howden, with a groan; “and sic a comfortable window as I had gotten, too, just within a penny-stane-cast of the scaffold — I could hae heard every word the minister said — and to pay twalpennies for my stand, and a’ for naething!”
“I am judging,” said Mr. Plumdamas, “that this reprieve wadna stand gude in the auld96 Scots law, when the kingdom was a kingdom.”
“I dinna ken13 muckle about the law,” answered Mrs. Howden; “but I ken, when we had a king, and a chancellor97, and parliament men o’ our ain, we could aye peeble them wi’ stanes when they werena gude bairns — But naebody’s nails can reach the length o’ Lunnon.”
“Weary on Lunnon, and a’ that e’er came out o’t!” said Miss Grizel Damahoy, an ancient seamstress; “they hae taen away our parliament, and they hae oppressed our trade. Our gentles will hardly allow that a Scots needle can sew ruffles98 on a sark, or lace on an owerlay.”
“Ye may say that — Miss Damahoy, and I ken o’ them that hae gotten raisins99 frae Lunnon by forpits at ance,” responded Plumdamas; “and then sic an host of idle English gaugers and excisemen as hae come down to vex100 and torment101 us, that an honest man canna fetch sae muckle as a bit anker o’ brandy frae Leith to the Lawnmarket, but he’s like to be rubbit o’ the very gudes he’s bought and paid for. — Weel, I winna justify102 Andrew Wilson for pitting hands on what wasna his; but if he took nae mair than his ain, there’s an awfu’ difference between that and the fact this man stands for.”
“If ye speak about the law,” said Mrs. Howden, “here comes Mr. Saddletree, that can settle it as weel as ony on the bench.”
The party she mentioned, a grave elderly person, with a superb periwig, dressed in a decent suit of sad-coloured clothes, came up as she spoke12, and courteously103 gave his arm to Miss Grizel Damahoy.
It may be necessary to mention, that Mr. Bartoline Saddletree kept an excellent and highly-esteemed shop for harness, saddles, &c. &c., at the sign of the Golden Nag104, at the head of Bess Wynd.2
His genius, however (as he himself and most of his neighbours conceived), lay towards the weightier matters of the law, and he failed not to give frequent attendance upon the pleadings and arguments of the lawyers and judges in the neighbouring square, where, to say the truth, he was oftener to be found than would have consisted with his own emolument105; but that his wife, an active painstaking106 person, could, in his absence, make an admirable shift to please the customers and scold the journeymen. This good lady was in the habit of letting her husband take his way, and go on improving his stock of legal knowledge without interruption; but, as if in requital107, she insisted upon having her own will in the domestic and commercial departments which he abandoned to her. Now, as Bartoline Saddletree had a considerable gift of words, which he mistook for eloquence108, and conferred more liberally upon the society in which he lived than was at all times gracious and acceptable, there went forth a saying, with which wags used sometimes to interrupt his rhetoric109, that, as he had a golden nag at his door, so he had a grey mare110 in his shop. This reproach induced Mr. Saddletree, on all occasions, to assume rather a haughty111 and stately tone towards his good woman, a circumstance by which she seemed very little affected, unless he attempted to exercise any real authority, when she never failed to fly into open rebellion. But such extremes Bartoline seldom provoked; for, like the gentle King Jamie, he was fonder of talking of authority than really exercising it. This turn of mind was, on the whole, lucky for him; since his substance was increased without any trouble on his part, or any interruption of his favourite studies.
This word in explanation has been thrown in to the reader, while Saddletree was laying down, with great precision, the law upon Porteous’s case, by which he arrived at this conclusion, that, if Porteous had fired five minutes sooner, before Wilson was cut down, he would have been versans in licito; engaged, that is, in a lawful act, and only liable to be punished propter excessum, or for lack of discretion112, which might have mitigated113 the punishment to poena ordinaria.
“Discretion!” echoed Mrs. Howden, on whom, it may well be supposed, the fineness of this distinction was entirely114 thrown away — “whan had Jock Porteous either grace, discretion, or gude manners? — I mind when his father”
“But, Mrs. Howden,” said Saddletree —
“And I,” said Miss Damahoy, “mind when his mother”
“Miss Damahoy,” entreated115 the interrupted orator116
“And I,” said Plumdamas, “mind when his wife”
“Mr. Plumdamas — Mrs. Howden — Miss Damahoy,” again implored117 the orator — “Mind the distinction, as Counsellor Crossmyloof says —‘I,’ says he, ‘take a distinction.’ Now, the body of the criminal being cut down, and the execution ended, Porteous was no longer official; the act which he came to protect and guard, being done and ended, he was no better than cuivis ex populo.”
“Quivis — quivis, Mr. Saddletree, craving118 your pardon,” said (with a prolonged emphasis on the first syllable) Mr. Butler, the deputy-schoolmaster of a parish near Edinburgh, who at that moment came up behind them as the false Latin was uttered.
“What signifies interrupting me, Mr. Butler? — but I am glad to see ye notwithstanding — I speak after Counsellor Crossmyloof, and he said cuivis.”
“If Counsellor Crossmyloof used the dative for the nominative, I would have crossed his loof with a tight leathern strap119, Mr. Saddletree; there is not a boy on the booby form but should have been scourged120 for such a solecism in grammar.”
“I speak Latin like a lawyer, Mr. Butler, and not like a schoolmaster,” retorted Saddletree.
“Scarce like a schoolboy, I think,” rejoined Butler.
“It matters little,” said Bartoline; “all I mean to say is, that Porteous has become liable to the poena extra ordinem, or capital punishment — which is to say, in plain Scotch121, the gallows122 — simply because he did not fire when he was in office, but waited till the body was cut down, the execution whilk he had in charge to guard implemented123, and he himself exonered of the public trust imposed on him.”
“But, Mr. Saddletree,” said Plumdamas, “do ye really think John Porteous’s case wad hae been better if he had begun firing before ony stanes were flung at a’?”
“Indeed do I, neighbour Plumdamas,” replied Bartoline, confidently, “he being then in point of trust and in point of power, the execution being but inchoat, or, at least, not implemented, or finally ended; but after Wilson was cut down it was a’ ower — he was clean exauctorate, and had nae mair ado but to get awa wi’ his guard up this West Bow as fast as if there had been a caption124 after him — And this is law, for I heard it laid down by Lord Vincovincentem.”
“Vincovincentem? — Is he a lord of state, or a lord of seat?” inquired Mrs. Howden.3
“A lord of seat — a lord of session. — I fash mysell little wi’ lords o’ state; they vex me wi’ a wheen idle questions about their saddles, and curpels, and holsters and horse-furniture, and what they’ll cost, and whan they’ll be ready — a wheen galloping125 geese — my wife may serve the like o’ them.”
“And so might she, in her day, hae served the best lord in the land, for as little as ye think o’ her, Mr. Saddletree,” said Mrs. Howden, somewhat indignant at the contemptuous way in which her gossip was mentioned; “when she and I were twa gilpies, we little thought to hae sitten doun wi’ the like o’ my auld Davie Howden, or you either, Mr. Saddletree.”
While Saddletree, who was not bright at a reply, was cudgelling his brains for an answer to this homethrust, Miss Damahoy broke in on him.
“And as for the lords of state,” said Miss Damahoy, “ye suld mind the riding o’ the parliament, Mr. Saddletree, in the gude auld time before the Union — a year’s rent o’ mony a gude estate gaed for horse-graith and harnessing, forby broidered robes and foot-mantles, that wad hae stude by their lane wi’ gold brocade, and that were muckle in my ain line.”
“Ay, and then the lusty banqueting, with sweetmeats and comfits wet and dry, and dried fruits of divers126 sorts,” said Plumdamas. “But Scotland was Scotland in these days.”
“I’ll tell ye what it is, neighbours,” said Mrs. Howden, “I’ll ne’er believe Scotland is Scotland ony mair, if our kindly127 Scots sit doun with the affront128 they hae gien us this day. It’s not only the blude that is shed, but the blude that might hae been shed, that’s required at our hands; there was my daughter’s wean, little Eppie Daidle — my oe, ye ken, Miss Grizel — had played the truant129 frae the school, as bairns will do, ye ken, Mr. Butler?”
“And for which,” interjected Mr. Butler, “they should be soundly scourged by their well-wishers.”
“And had just cruppen to the gallows’ foot to see the hanging, as was natural for a wean; and what for mightna she hae been shot as weel as the rest o’ them, and where wad we a’ hae been then? I wonder how Queen Carline (if her name be Carline) wad hae liked to hae had ane o’ her ain bairns in sic a venture?”
“Report says,” answered Butler, “that such a circumstance would not have distressed130 her majesty131 beyond endurance.”
“Aweel,” said Mrs. Howden, “the sum o’ the matter is, that, were I a man, I wad hae amends132 o’ Jock Porteous, be the upshot what like o’t, if a’ the carles and carlines in England had sworn to the nay-say.”
“I would claw down the Tolbooth door wi’ my nails,” said Miss Grizel, “but I wad be at him.”
“Ye may be very right, ladies,” said Butler, “but I would not advise you to speak so loud.”
“Speak!” exclaimed both the ladies together, “there will be naething else spoken about frae the Weigh-house to the Water-gate, till this is either ended or mended.”
The females now departed to their respective places of abode80. Plumdamas joined the other two gentlemen in drinking their meridian133 (a bumper-dram of brandy), as they passed the well-known low-browed shop in the Lawnmarket, where they were wont to take that refreshment134. Mr. Plumdamas then departed towards his shop, and Mr. Butler, who happened to have some particular occasion for the rein135 of an old bridle136 (the truants137 of that busy day could have anticipated its application), walked down the Lawnmarket with Mr. Saddletree, each talking as he could get a word thrust in, the one on the laws of Scotland, the other on those of syntax, and neither listening to a word which his companion uttered.
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suffocation
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tenements
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crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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dangled
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| 悬吊着( dangle的过去式和过去分词 )； 摆动不定； 用某事物诱惑…； 吊胃口 | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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noose
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| n.绳套，绞索（刑）；v.用套索捉；使落入圈套；处以绞刑 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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ken
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| n.视野，知识领域 | |
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vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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allayed
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| v.减轻，缓和( allay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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wont
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clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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exultation
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retaliation
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relentless
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| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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glut
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triumphant
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resentment
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destined
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vent
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defraud
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canvassed
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functionaries
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| n.公职人员，官员( functionary的名词复数 ) | |
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magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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zeal
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motive
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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favourably
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| adv. 善意地，赞成地 =favorably | |
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thoroughly
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tumults
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| 吵闹( tumult的名词复数 )； 喧哗； 激动的吵闹声； 心烦意乱 | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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40
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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41
lawful
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| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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42
repelling
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| v.击退( repel的现在分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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43
imputed
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| v.把（错误等）归咎于( impute的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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44
apprehend
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| vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑 | |
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45
reprieve
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| n.暂缓执行（死刑）；v.缓期执行；给…带来缓解 | |
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46
rabble
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| n.乌合之众，暴民；下等人 | |
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47
averred
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| v.断言( aver的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出 | |
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48
license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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49
gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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50
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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51
pranks
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| n.玩笑，恶作剧( prank的名词复数 ) | |
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52
accomplice
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| n.从犯，帮凶，同谋 | |
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53
Augmented
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| adj.增音的 动词augment的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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54
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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55
agitating
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| 搅动( agitate的现在分词 )； 激怒； 使焦虑不安； （尤指为法律、社会状况的改变而）激烈争论 | |
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56
murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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57
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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58
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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59
respited
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| v.延期（respite的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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60
respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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61
groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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62
devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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63
exclamation
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| n.感叹号，惊呼，惊叹词 | |
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64
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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65
stunning
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| adj.极好的；使人晕倒的 | |
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66
stifled
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| （使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵 | |
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67
hoarse
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| adj.嘶哑的，沙哑的 | |
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68
stationary
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| adj.固定的，静止不动的 | |
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69
stimulating
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| adj.有启发性的，能激发人思考的 | |
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70
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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71
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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72
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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73
reprisal
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| n.报复，报仇，报复性劫掠 | |
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74
profligate
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| adj.行为不检的；n.放荡的人，浪子，肆意挥霍者 | |
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75
trifling
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| adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的 | |
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76
prerogative
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| n.特权 | |
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77
socket
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| n.窝，穴，孔，插座，插口 | |
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78
mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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79
disperse
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| vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散 | |
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80
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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81
abodes
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| 住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留 | |
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82
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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83
tenacious
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| adj.顽强的，固执的，记忆力强的，粘的 | |
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84
exasperated
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| adj.恼怒的 | |
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85
dispersing
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| adj. 分散的 动词disperse的现在分词形式 | |
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86
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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87
moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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88
catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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89
tenor
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| n.男高音（歌手），次中音（乐器），要旨，大意 | |
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90
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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91
declivity
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| n.下坡，倾斜面 | |
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92
dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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93
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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94
grit
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| n.沙粒，决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关 | |
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95
reprobate
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| n.无赖汉；堕落的人 | |
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96
auld
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| adj.老的，旧的 | |
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97
chancellor
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| n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长 | |
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98
ruffles
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| 褶裥花边( ruffle的名词复数 ) | |
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99
raisins
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| n.葡萄干( raisin的名词复数 ) | |
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100
vex
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| vt.使烦恼，使苦恼 | |
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101
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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102
justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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103
courteously
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| adv.有礼貌地，亲切地 | |
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104
nag
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| v.(对…)不停地唠叨；n.爱唠叨的人 | |
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105
emolument
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| n.报酬，薪水 | |
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106
painstaking
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| adj.苦干的；艰苦的，费力的，刻苦的 | |
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107
requital
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| n.酬劳；报复 | |
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108
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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109
rhetoric
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| n.修辞学，浮夸之言语 | |
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110
mare
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| n.母马，母驴 | |
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111
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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112
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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113
mitigated
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| v.减轻，缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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114
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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115
entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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116
orator
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| n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家 | |
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117
implored
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| 恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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118
craving
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| n.渴望,热望 | |
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119
strap
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| n.皮带，带子；v.用带扣住，束牢；用绷带包扎 | |
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120
scourged
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| 鞭打( scourge的过去式和过去分词 )； 惩罚，压迫 | |
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121
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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122
gallows
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| n.绞刑架，绞台 | |
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123
implemented
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| v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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124
caption
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| n.说明，字幕，标题；v.加上标题，加上说明 | |
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125
galloping
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| adj. 飞驰的, 急性的 动词gallop的现在分词形式 | |
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126
divers
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| adj.不同的；种种的 | |
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127
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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128
affront
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| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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129
truant
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| n.懒惰鬼，旷课者；adj.偷懒的，旷课的，游荡的；v.偷懒，旷课 | |
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130
distressed
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| 痛苦的 | |
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131
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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132
amends
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| n. 赔偿 | |
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133
meridian
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| adj.子午线的；全盛期的 | |
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134
refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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135
rein
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| n.疆绳，统治，支配；vt.以僵绳控制，统治 | |
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136
bridle
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| n.笼头，束缚；vt.抑制，约束；动怒 | |
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137
truants
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| n.旷课的小学生( truant的名词复数 )；逃学生；逃避责任者；懒散的人 | |
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