B.C. 386. Indeed the late events had so entirely1 shaped themselves in conformity2 with the wishes of the Lacedaemonians, that they determined3 to go a step farther and chastise4 those of their allies who either had borne hard on them during the war, or otherwise had shown themselves less favourable5 to Lacedaemon than to her enemies.419 Chastisement6 was not all; they must lay down such secure foundations for the future as should render the like disloyalty impossible again.420 As the first step towards this policy they sent a dictatorial7 message to the Mantinaeans, and bade them raze8 their fortifications, on the sole ground that they could not otherwise trust them not to side with their enemies. Many things in their conduct, they alleged9, from time to time, had not escaped their notice: their frequent despatches of corn to the Argives while at war with Lacedaemon; at other times their refusal to furnish contingents12 during a campaign, on the pretext13 of some holy truce14 or other;421 or if they did reluctantly take the field — the miserable15 inefficiency16 of their service. “But, more than that,” they added, “we note the jealousy17 with which you eye any good fortune which may betide our state; the extravagant18 pleasure422 you exhibit at the sudden descent of some disaster.”
This very year, moreover, it was commonly said,423 saw the expiration19, as far as the Mantineans were concerned, of the thirty years’ truce, consequent upon the battle of Mantinea. On their refusal, therefore, to raze their fortification walls the ban was called out against them. Agesilaus begged the state to absolve20 him from the conduct of this war on the plea that the city of Mantinea had done frequent service to his father424 in his Messenian wars. Accordingly Agesipolis led the expedition — in spite of the cordial relations of his father Pausanias425 with the leaders of the popular party in Mantinea.
B.C. 385. The first move of the invader21 was to subject the enemy’s territory to devastation22; but failing by such means to induce them to raze their walls, he proceeded to draw lines of circumvallation round the city, keeping half his troops under arms to screen the entrenching23 parties whilst the other half pushed on the work with the spade. As soon as the trench24 was completed, he experienced no further difficulty in building a wall round the city. Aware, however, of the existence of a huge supply of corn inside the town, the result of the bountiful harvest of the preceding year, and averse25 to the notion of wearing out the city of Lacedaemon and her allies by tedious campaigning, he hit upon the expedient26 of damming up the river which flowed through the town.
It was a stream of no inconsiderable size.426 By erecting27 a barrier at its exit from the town he caused the water to rise above the basements of the private dwellings28 and the foundations of the fortification walls. Then, as the lower layers of bricks became saturated29 and refused their support to the rows above, the wall began to crack and soon to totter30 to its fall. The citizens for some time tried to prop31 it with pieces of timber, and used other devices to avert32 the imminent33 ruin of their tower; but finding themselves overmatched by the water, and in dread34 lest the fall at some point or other of the circular wall427 might deliver them captive to the spear of the enemy, they signified their consent to raze their walls. But the Lacedaemonians now steadily35 refused any form of truce, except on the further condition that the Mantineans would suffer themselves to be broken up and distributed into villages. They, looking the necessity in the face, consented to do even that. The sympathisers with Argos among them, and the leaders of their democracy, thought their fate was sealed. Then the father treated with the son, Pausanias with Agesipolis, on their behalf, and obtained immunity36 for them — sixty in number — on condition that they should quit the city. The Lacedaemonian troops stood lining37 the road on both sides, beginning from the gates, and watched the outgoers; and with their spears in their hands, in spite of bitter hatred38, kept aloof39 from them with less difficulty than the Mantineans of the better classes themselves — a weighty testimony40 to the power of Spartan41 discipline, be it said. In conclusion, the wall was razed42, and Mantinea split up into four parts,428 assuming once again its primitive43 condition as regards inhabitants. The first feeling was one of annoyance44 at the necessity of pulling down their present houses and erecting others, yet when the owners429 found themselves located so much nearer their estates round about the villages, in the full enjoyment45 of aristocracy, and rid for ever of “those troublesome demagogues,” they were delighted with the turn which affairs had taken. It became the custom for Sparta to send them, not one commander of contingents,430 but four, one for each village; and the zeal46 displayed, now that the quotas47 for military service were furnished from the several village centres, was far greater than it had been under the democratic system. So the transactions in connection with Mantinea were brought to a conclusion, and thereby48 one lesson of wisdom was taught mankind — not to conduct a river through a fortress49 town.
B.C. 384-383. To pass on. The party in exile from Phlius, seeing the severe scrutiny50 to which the behaviour of the allies of Lacedaemon during the late war was being subjected, felt that their opportunity had come. They repaired to Lacedaemon, and laid great emphasis on the fact that, so long as they had been in power themselves at home, “their city used to welcome Lacedaemonians within her walls, and her citizens flocked to the campaign under their leadership; but no sooner had they been driven into exile than a change had come. The men of Phlius now flatly refused to follow Lacedaemon anywhere; the Lacedaemonians, alone of all men living, must not be admitted within their gates.” After listening to their story, the ephors agreed that the matter demanded attention. Then they sent to the state of Phlius a message to this effect; the Phliasian exiles were friends of Lacedaemon; nor did it appear that they owed their exile to any misdoing. Under the circumstances, Lacedaemon claimed their recall from banishment51, not by force, but as a concession52 voluntarily granted. When the matter was thus stated, the Phliasians were not without alarm that an army might much upon Phlius, and a party inside the town might admit the enemy within the walls; for within the walls of Phlius were to be found many who, either as blood relations or for other reasons, were partisans53 of the exiles, and as so often happens, at any rate in the majority of states, there was a revolutionary party who, in their ardour to reform, would welcome gladly their restoration. Owing to fears of this character, a formal decree was passed: to welcome home the exiles, and to restore to them all undisputed property, the purchasers of the same being indemnified from the treasury54 of the state; and in the event of any ambiguity55 or question arising between the parties, the same to be determined before a court of justice. Such was the position of affairs in connection with the Phliasian exiles at the date in question.
B.C. 383.431 And now from yet another quarter ambassadors arrived at Lacedaemon: that is to say, from Acanthus and Apollonia, the two largest and most important states of the Olynthian confederacy. The ephorate, after learning from them the object of their visit, presented them to the assembly and the allies, in presence of whom Cleigenes of Acanthus made a speech to this effect:
“Men of Lacedaemon and of the allied56 states,” he said, “are you aware of a silent but portentous57 growth within the bosom58 of Hellas?432 Few here need to be told that for size and importance Olynthus now stands at the head of the Thracian cities. But are you aware that the citizens of Olynthus had already brought over several states by the bribe59 of joint60 citizenship61 and common laws; that they have forcibly annexed62 some of the larger states; and that, so encouraged, they have taken in hand further to free the cities of Macedonia from Amyntas the king of the Macedonians; that, as soon as their immediate63 neighbours had shown compliance64, they at once proceeded to attack larger and more distant communities; so much so, that when we started to come hither, we left them masters not only of many other places, but of Pella itself, the capital of Macedonia. Amyntas,433 we saw plainly, must ere long withdraw from his cities, and was in fact already all but in name an outcast from Macedonia.
“The Olynthians have actually sent to ourselves and to the men of Apollonia a joint embassy, warning us of their intention to attack us if we refuse to present ourselves at Olynthus with a military contingent11. Now, for our parts, men of Lacedaemon, we desire nothing better than to abide65 by our ancestral laws and institutions, to be free and independent citizens; but if aid from without is going to fail us, we too must follow the rest and coalesce66 with the Olynthians. Why, even now they muster67 no less than eight hundred434 heavy infantry68 and a considerably69 larger body of light infantry, while their cavalry70, when we have joined them, will exceed one thousand men. At the date of our departure we left embassies from Athens and Boeotia in Olynthus, and we were told that the Olynthians themselves had passed a formal resolution to return the compliment. They were to send an embassy on their side to the aforesaid states to treat of an alliance. And yet, if the power of the Athenians and the Thebans is to be further increased by such an accession of strength, look to it,” the speaker added, “whether hereafter you will find things so easy to manage in that quarter.
“They hold Potidaea, the key to the isthmus71 of Pallene, and therefore, you can well believe, they can command the states within that peninsula. If you want any further proof of the abject72 terror of those states, you have it in the fact that notwithstanding the bitter hatred which they bear to Olynthus, not one of them has dared to send ambassadors along with us to apprise73 you of these matters.
“Reflect, how you can reconcile your anxiety to prevent the unification of Boeotia with your neglect to hinder the solidifying74 of a far larger power — a power destined75, moreover, to become formidable not on land only, but by sea? For what is to stop it, when the soil itself supplies timber for shipbuilding,435 and there are rich revenues derived76 from numerous harbours and commercial centres?— it cannot but be that abundance of food and abundance of population will go hand in hand. Nor have we yet reached the limits of Olynthian expansion; there are their neighbours to be thought of — the kingless or independent Thracians. These are already today the devoted77 servants of Olynthus, and when it comes to their being actually under her, that means at once another vast accession of strength to her. With the Thracians in her train, the gold mines of Pangaeus would stretch out to her the hand of welcome.
“In making these assertions, we are but uttering remarks ten thousand times repeated in the democracy of Olynthus. And as to their confident spirit, who shall attempt to describe it? It is God, for aught I know, who, with the growth of a new capacity, gives increase also to the proud thoughts and vast designs of humanity. For ourselves, men of Lacedaemon and of the allied states, our task is completed. We have played our parts in announcing to you how things stand there. To you it is left to determine whether what we have described is worthy78 of your concern. One only thing further you ought to recognise: the power we have spoken of as great is not as yet invincible79, for those states which are involuntary participants in the citizenship of Olynthus will, in prospect80 of any rival power appearing in the field, speedily fall away. On the contrary, let them be once closely knit and welded together by the privileges of intermarriage and reciprocal rights of holding property in land — which have already become enactments81; let them discover that it is a gain to them to follow in the wake of conquerors82 (just as the Arcadians,436 for instance, find it profitable to march in your ranks, whereby they save their own property and pillage83 their neighbours’); let these things come to pass, and perhaps you may find the knot no longer so easy to unloose.”
At the conclusion of this address, the Lacedaemonians requested the allies to speak, bidding them give their joint advice as to the best course to be pursued in the interests of Peloponnese and the allies. Thereupon many members, and especially those who wished to gratify the Lacedaemonians, agreed in counselling active measures; and it was resolved that the states should severally send contingents to form a total of ten thousand men. Proposals were also made to allow any state, so wishing, to give money instead of men, at the rate of three Aeginetan obols437 a day per man; or where the contingent consisted of cavalry, the pay given for one horseman was to be the equivalent to that of four hoplites; while, in the event of any defaulting in service, the Lacedaemonians should be allowed to mulct the said state of a stater per man per diem. These resolutions were passed, and the deputies from Acanthus rose again. They argued that, though excellent, these resolutions were not of a nature to be rapidly carried into effect. Would it not be better, they asked, pending84 the mobilisation of the troops, to despatch10 an officer at once in command of a force from Lacedaemon and the other states, not too large to start immediately. The effect would be instantaneous, for the states which had not yet given in their adhesion to Olynthus would be brought to a standstill, and those already forcibly enrolled85 would be shaken in their alliance. These further resolutions being also passed, the Lacedaemonians despatched Eudamidas, accompanied by a body of neodamodes, with perioeci and Sciritae,438 to the number of two thousand odd. Eudamidas lost no time in setting out, having obtained leave from the ephors for his brother Phoebidas to follow later with the remainder of the troops assigned to him. Pushing on himself to the Thracian territory, he set about despatching garrisons86 to various cities at their request. He also secured the voluntary adhesion of Potidaea, although already a member of the Olynthian alliance; and this town now served as his base of operations for carrying on war on a scale adapted to his somewhat limited armament.
Phoebidas, when the remaining portion of his brother’s forces was duly mustered87, put himself at their head and commenced his march. On reaching Thebes the troops encamped outside the city, round the gymnasium. Faction88 was rife89 within the city. The two polemarchs in office, Ismenias and Leontiades, were diametrically opposed,439 being the respective heads of antagonistic90 political clubs. Hence it was that, while Ismenias, ever inspired by hatred to the Lacedaemonians, would not come anywhere near the Spartan general, Leontiades, on the other hand, was assiduous in courting him; and when a sufficient intimacy91 was established between them, he made a proposal as follows: “You have it in your power,” he said, addressing Phoebidas, “this very day to confer supreme92 benefit on your country. Follow me with your hoplites, and I will introduce you into the citadel93. That done, you may rest assured Thebes will be completely under the thumb of Lacedaemon and of us, your friends. At present, as you see, there is a proclamation forbidding any Theban to take service with you against Olynthus, but we will change all that. You have only to act with us as we suggest, and we shall at once be able to furnish you with large supplies of infantry and cavalry, so that you will join your brother with a magnificent reinforcement, and pending his proposed reduction of Olynthus, you will have accomplished94 the reduction of a far larger state than that — to wit, this city of Thebes.”
The imagination of Phoebidas was kindled95 as he listened to the tempting96 proposal. To do a brilliant deed was far dearer to him than life;440 on the other hand, he had no reasoning capacity, and would seem to have been deficient97 altogether in sound sense. The consent of the Spartan secured, Leontiades bade him set his troops in motion, as if everything were ready for his departure. “And anon, when the hour is come,” added the Theban, “I will be with you, and show you the way myself.”
The senate was seated in the arcade98 or stoa in the market-place, since the Cadmeia was in possession of the women who were celebrating the Thesmophoria.441 It was noon of a hot summer’s day; scarcely a soul was stirring in the streets. This was the moment for Leontiades. He mounted on horseback and galloped99 off to overtake Phoebidas. He turned him back, and led him without further delay into the acropolis. Having posted Phoebidas and his soldiers inside, he handed him the key of the gates, and warning him not to suffer any one to enter into the citadel without a pass from himself, he straightway betook himself to the senate. Arrived there, he delivered himself thus: “Sirs, the Lacedaemonians are in possession of the citadel; but that is no cause for despondency, since, as they assure us, they have no hostile intention, except, indeed, towards any one who has an appetite for war. For myself, and acting100 in obedience101 to the law, which empowers the polemarch to apprehend102 all persons suspected of capital crimes, I hereby seize the person of Ismenias as an arch-formenter of war. I call upon you, sirs, who are captains of companies, and you who are ranked with them, to do your duty. Arise and secure the prisoner, and lead him away to the place appointed.”
Those who were privy103 to the affair, it will be understood, presented themselves, and the orders were promptly104 carried out. Of those not in the secret, but opposed to the party of Leontiades, some sought refuge at once outside the city in terror for their lives; whilst the rest, albeit105 they retired106 to their houses at first, yet when they found that Ismenias was imprisoned107 in the Cadmeia, and further delay seemed dangerous, retreated to Athens. These were the men who shared the views of Androcleidas and Ismenias, and they must have numbered about three hundred.
Now that the transactions were concluded, another polemarch was chosen in place of Ismenias, and Leontiades at once set out to Lacedaemon. There he found the ephors and the mass of the community highly incensed108 agaisnt Phoebidas, “who had failed to execute the orders assigned to him by the state.” Against this general indignation, however, Agesilaus protested.442 If mischief109 had been wrought110 to Lacedaemon by this deed, it was just that the doer of it should be punished; but, if good, it was a time-honoured custom to allow full scope for impromptu111 acts of this character. “The sole point you have to look to,” he urged, “is whether what has been done is good or evil.” After this, however, Leontiades presented himself to the assembly443 and addressed the members as follows: “Sirs, Lacedaemonians, the hostile attitude of Thebes towards you, before the occurrence of late events, was a topic constantly on your lips, since time upon time your eyes were called upon to witness her friendly bearing to your foes112 in contrast with her hatred of your friends. Can it be denied that Thebes refused to take part with you in the campaign against your direst enemy, the democracy in Piraeus; and balanced that lukewarmness by on onslaught on the Phocians, whose sole crime was cordiality to yourselves?444 Nor is that all. In full knowledge that you were likly to be engaged in war with Olynthus, she proceeded at once to make an alliance with that city. So that up to the last moment you were in constant expectation of hearing that the whole of Boeotia was laid at the feet of Thebes. With the late incidents all is changed. You need fear Thebes no longer. One brief despatch445 in cipher113 will suffice to procure114 a dutiful subservience115 to your every wish in that quarter, provided only you will take as kindly116 an interest in us as we in you.”
This appeal told upon the meeting, and the Lacedaemonians446 resolved formally, now that the citadel had been taken, to keep it, and to put Ismenias on his trial. In consequence of this resolution a body of commissioners447 was despatched, three Lacedaemonians and one for each of the allied states, great and small alike. The court of inquiry117 thus constituted, the sittings commenced, and an indictment118 was preferred against Ismenias. He was accused of playing into the hands of the barbarian119; of seeking amity120 with the Persians to the detriment121 of Hellas; of accepting sums of money as bribes122 from the king; and, finally, of being, along with Androcleidas, the prime cause of the whole intestine123 trouble to which Hellas was a prey124. Each of these charges was met by the defendant125, but to no purpose, since he failed to disabuse126 the court of their conviction that the grandeur127 of his designs was only equalled by their wickedness.448 The verdict was given against him, and he was put to death. The party of Leontiades thus possessed128 the city; and went beyond the injunctions given them in the eager performance of their services.
B.C. 382. As a result of these transactions the Lacedaemonians pressed on the combined campaign against Olynthus with still greater enthusiasm. They not only set out Teleutias as governor, but by their united efforts furnished him with an aggregate129 army of ten thousand men.449 They also sent despatches to the allied states, calling upon them to support Teleutias in accordance with the resolution of the allies. All the states were ready to display devotion to Teleutias, and to do him service, since he was a man who never forgot a service rendered him. Nor was Thebes an exception; for was not the governor a brother of Agesilaus? Thebes, therefore, was enthusiastic in sending her contribution of heavy infantry and cavalry. The Spartan conducted his march slowly and surely, taking the utmost pains to avoid injuring his friends, and to collect as large a force as possible. He also sent a message in advance to Amyntas, begging him, if he were truly desirous of recovering his empire, to raise a body of mercenaries, and to distribute sums of money among the neighbouring kings with a view to their alliance. Nor was that all. He sent also to Derdas, the ruler of Elimia, pointing out to him that the Olynthians, having laid at their feet the great power of Macedonia, would certainly not suffer his lesser130 power to escape unless they were stayed up by force in arms in their career of insolence131. Proceeding132 thus, by the time he had reached the territory of the allied powers he was at the head of a very considerable army. At Potidaea he halted to make the necessary disposition133 of his troops, and thence advanced into the territory of the enemy. As he approached the hostile city, he abstained134 from felling and firing alike, being persuaded that to do so was only to create difficulties in his own path, whether advancing or retreating; it would be time enough, when he retired from Olynthus, to fell the trees and lay them as a barrier in the path of any assailant in the rear.
Being now within a mile or so450 of the city he came to a halt. The left division was under his personal command, for it suited him to advance in a line opposite the gate from which the enemy sallied; the other division of the allies stretched away to the right. The cavalry were thus distributed: the Laconians, Thebans, and all the Macedonians present were posted on the right. With his own division he kept Derdas and his troopers, four hundred strong. This he did partly out of genuine admiration135 for this body of horse, and partly as a mark of courtesy to Derdas, which should make him not regret his coming.
Presently the enemy issued forth136 and formed in line opposite, under cover of their walls. Then their cavalry formed in close order and commenced the attack. Dashing down upon the Laconians and Boeotians they dismounted Polycharmus, the Lacedaemonian cavalry general, inflicting137 a hundred wounds on him as he lay on the ground, and cut down others, and finally put to flight the cavalry on the right wing. The flight of these troopers infected the infantry in close proximity138 to them, who in turn swerved139; and it looked as if the whole army was about to be worsted, when Derdas at the head of his cavalry dashed straight at the gates of Olynthus, Teleutias supporting him with the troops of his division. The Olynthian cavalry, seeing how matters were going, and in dread of finding the gates closed upon them, wheeled round and retired with alacrity140. Thus it was that Derdas had his chance to cut down man after man as their cavalry ran the gauntlet past him. In the same way, too, the infantry of the Olynthians retreated within their city, though, owing to the closeness of the walls in their case, their loss was trifling141. Teleutias claimed the victory, and a trophy142 was duly erected143, after which he turned his back on Olynthus and devoted himself to felling the fruit-trees. This was the campaign of the summer. He now dismissed both the Macedonians and the cavalry force of Derdas. Incursions, however, on the part of the Olynthians themselves against the states allied to Lacedaemon were frequent; lands were pillaged144, and people put to the sword.
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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conformity
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| n.一致，遵从，顺从 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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chastise
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| vt.责骂，严惩 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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chastisement
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dictatorial
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| adj. 独裁的，专断的 | |
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raze
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| vt.铲平，把(城市、房屋等)夷为平地，拆毁 | |
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alleged
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despatch
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| n./v.(dispatch)派遣；发送；n.急件；新闻报道 | |
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contingent
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contingents
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| （志趣相投、尤指来自同一地方的）一组与会者( contingent的名词复数 )； 代表团； （军队的）分遣队； 小分队 | |
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pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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truce
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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inefficiency
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| n.无效率，无能；无效率事例 | |
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jealousy
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extravagant
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expiration
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absolve
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invader
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devastation
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| n.毁坏；荒废；极度震惊或悲伤 | |
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entrenching
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trench
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averse
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expedient
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erecting
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dwellings
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saturated
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totter
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prop
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avert
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imminent
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dread
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steadily
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immunity
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lining
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| n.衬里，衬料 | |
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38
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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39
aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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40
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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41
spartan
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| adj.简朴的，刻苦的；n.斯巴达；斯巴达式的人 | |
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42
razed
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| v.彻底摧毁，将…夷为平地( raze的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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43
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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44
annoyance
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| n.恼怒，生气，烦恼 | |
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45
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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46
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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47
quotas
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| （正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派 | |
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48
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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49
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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50
scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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51
banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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52
concession
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| n.让步，妥协；特许(权) | |
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53
partisans
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| 游击队员( partisan的名词复数 )； 党人； 党羽； 帮伙 | |
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54
treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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55
ambiguity
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| n.模棱两可；意义不明确 | |
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56
allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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57
portentous
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| adj.不祥的，可怕的，装腔作势的 | |
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58
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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59
bribe
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| n.贿赂；v.向…行贿，买通 | |
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60
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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61
citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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62
annexed
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| [法] 附加的，附属的 | |
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63
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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64
compliance
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| n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从 | |
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65
abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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66
coalesce
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| v.联合，结合，合并 | |
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67
muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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68
infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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69
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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70
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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71
isthmus
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| n.地峡 | |
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72
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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73
apprise
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| vt.通知，告知 | |
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74
solidifying
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| （使）成为固体，（使）变硬，（使）变得坚固( solidify的现在分词 )； 使团结一致； 充实，巩固； 具体化 | |
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75
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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76
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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77
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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78
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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79
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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80
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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81
enactments
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| n.演出( enactment的名词复数 )；展现；规定；通过 | |
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82
conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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83
pillage
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| v.抢劫；掠夺；n.抢劫，掠夺；掠夺物 | |
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84
pending
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| prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的 | |
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85
enrolled
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| adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起 | |
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86
garrisons
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| 守备部队，卫戍部队( garrison的名词复数 ) | |
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87
mustered
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的过去式和过去分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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88
faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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89
rife
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| adj.(指坏事情)充斥的，流行的，普遍的 | |
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90
antagonistic
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| adj.敌对的 | |
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91
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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92
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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93
citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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94
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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95
kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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96
tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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97
deficient
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| adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的 | |
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98
arcade
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| n.拱廊；(一侧或两侧有商店的)通道 | |
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99
galloped
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| （使马）飞奔，奔驰( gallop的过去式和过去分词 )； 快速做[说]某事 | |
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100
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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101
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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102
apprehend
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| vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑 | |
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103
privy
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| adj.私用的；隐密的 | |
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104
promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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105
albeit
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| conj.即使；纵使；虽然 | |
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106
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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107
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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108
incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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109
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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110
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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111
impromptu
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| adj.即席的，即兴的；adv.即兴的(地)，无准备的(地) | |
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112
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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113
cipher
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| n.零；无影响力的人；密码 | |
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114
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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115
subservience
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| n.有利，有益；从属（地位），附属性；屈从，恭顺；媚态 | |
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116
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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117
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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118
indictment
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| n.起诉；诉状 | |
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119
barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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120
amity
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| n.友好关系 | |
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121
detriment
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| n.损害；损害物，造成损害的根源 | |
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122
bribes
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| n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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123
intestine
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| adj.内部的；国内的；n.肠 | |
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124
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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125
defendant
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| n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的 | |
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126
disabuse
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| v.解惑；矫正 | |
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127
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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128
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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129
aggregate
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| adj.总计的，集合的；n.总数；v.合计；集合 | |
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130
lesser
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| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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131
insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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132
proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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133
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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134
abstained
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| v.戒（尤指酒），戒除( abstain的过去式和过去分词 )；弃权（不投票） | |
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135
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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136
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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137
inflicting
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的现在分词 ) | |
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138
proximity
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| n.接近，邻近 | |
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139
swerved
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| v.（使）改变方向，改变目的( swerve的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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140
alacrity
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| n.敏捷，轻快，乐意 | |
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141
trifling
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| adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的 | |
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142
trophy
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| n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品 | |
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143
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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144
pillaged
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| v.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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