B.C. 381. With the first symptoms of approaching spring the Olynthian cavalry1, six hundred strong, had swooped2 into the territory of Apollonia — about the middle of the day — and dispersing3 over the district, were employed in pillaging4; but as luck would have it, Derdas had arrived that day with his troopers, and was breakfasting in Apollonia. He noted5 the enemy’s incursion, but kept quiet, biding7 his time; his horses were ready saddled, and his troopers armed cap-a-pied. As the Olynthians came galloping8 up contemptuously, not only into the suburbs, but to the very gates of the city, he seized his opportunity, and with his compact and well-ordered squadron dashed out; whereupon the invaders10 took to flight. Having once turned them, Derdas gave them no respite11, pursuing and slaughtering12 them for ten miles or more,451 until he had driven them for shelter within the very ramparts of Olynthus. Report said that Derdas slew13 something like eighty men in this affair. After this the Olynthians were more disposed to keep to their walls, contenting themselves with tilling the merest corner of their territory.
Time advanced, and Teleutias was in conduct of another expedition against the city of Olynthus. His object was to destroy any timber452 still left standing15, or fields still cultivated in the hostile territory. This brought out the Olynthian cavalry, who, stealthily advancing, crossed the river which washes the walls of the town, and again continued their silent march right up to the adversary’s camp. At sight of an audacity16 which nettled17 him, Teleutias at once ordered Tlemonidas, the officer commanding his light infantry18 division, to charge the assailants at the run. On their side the men of Olynthus, seeing the rapid approach of the light infantry, wheeled and quietly retired19 until they had recrossed the river, drawing the enemy on, who followed with conspicuous20 hardihood. Arrogating21 to themselves the position of pursuers towards fugitives22, they did not hesitate to cross the river which stood between them and their prey23. Then the Olynthian cavalry, choosing a favourable24 moment, when those who had crossed seemed easy to deal with, wheeled and attacked them, putting Tlemonidas himself to the sword with more than a hundred others of his company. Teleutias, when he saw what was happening, snatched up his arms in a fit of anger and began leading his hoplites swiftly forward, ordering at the same time his peltasts and cavalry to give chase and not to slacken. Their fate was the fate of many before and since, who, in the ardour of pursuit, have come too close to the enemy’s walls and found it hard to get back again. Under a hail of missiles from the walls they were forced to retire in disorder25 and with the necessity of guarding themselves against the missiles. At this juncture26 the Olynthians sent out their cavalry at full gallop9, backed by supports of light infantry; and finally their heavy infantry reserves poured out and fell upon the enemy’s lines, now in thorough confusion. Here Teleutias fell fighting, and when that happened, without further pause the troops immediately about him swerved27. Not one soul longer cared to make a stand, but the flight became general, some fleeing towards Spartolus, others in the direction of Acanthus, a third set seeking refuge within the walls of Apollonia, and the majority within those of Potidaea. As the tide of fugitives broke into several streams, so also the pursuers divided the work between them; this way and that they poured, dealing28 death wholesale29. So perished the pith and kernel30 of the armament.
Such calamities31 are not indeed without a moral. The lesson they are meant to teach mankind, I think, is plain. If in a general sense one ought not to punish any one, even one’s own slave, in anger — since the master in his wrath32 may easily incur6 worse evil himself than he inflicts33 — so, in the case of antagonists35 in war, to attack an enemy under the influence of passion rather than of judgment36 is an absolute error. For wrath is but a blind impulse devoid37 of foresight38, whereas to the penetrating39 eye of reason a blow parried may be better than a wound inflicted40.453
When the news of what had happened reached Lacedaemon it was agreed, after due deliberation, that a force should be sent, and of no trifling41 description, if only to quench42 the victors’ pride, and to prevent their own achievements from becoming null and void. In this determination they sent out King Agesipolis, as general, attended, like Agesilaus454 on his Asiatic campaign, by thirty Spartans45.455 Volunteers flocked to his standard. They were partly the pick and flower of the provincials,456 partly foreigners of the class called Trophimoi,457 or lastly, bastard46 sons of Spartans, comely47 and beautiful of limb, and well versed48 in the lore49 of Spartan44 chivalry50. The ranks of this invading force were further swelled51 by volunteers from the allied52 states, the Thessalians notably53 contributing a corps54 of cavalry. All were animated55 by the desire of becoming known to Agesipolis, so that even Amyntas and Derdas in zeal56 of service outdid themselves. With this promise of success Agesipolis marched forward against Olynthus.
Meanwhile the state of Phlius, complimented by Agesipolis on the amount of the funds contributed by them to his expedition and the celerity with which the money had been raised, and in full belief that while one king was in the field they were secure against the hostile attack of the other (since it was hardly to be expected that both kings should be absent from Sparta at one moment), boldly desisted from doing justice by her lately reinstated citizens. On the one hand, these exiles claimed that points in dispute should be determined57 before an impartial58 court of justice; the citizens, on the other, insisted on the claimants submitting the cases for trial in the city itself. And when the latter demurred59 to that solution, asking “What sort of trial that would be where the offenders60 were also the judges?” they appealed to deaf ears. Consequently the restored party appealed at Sparta, to prefer a complaint against their city. They were accompanied by other members of the community, who stated that many of the Phliasians themselves besides the appellants recognised the injustice61 of their treatment. The state of Phlius was indignant at this manouvre, and retaliated62 by imposing63 a fine on all who had betaken themselves to Lacedaemon without a mandate64 from the state. Those who incurred65 the fine hesitated to return home; they preferred to stay where they were and enforce their views: “It is quite plain now who were the perpetrators of all the violence — the very people who originally drove us into exile, and shut their gates upon Lacedaemon; the confiscators of our property one day, the ruthless opponents of its restoration the next. Who else but they have now brought it about that we should be fined for appearing at Lacedaemon? and for what purpose but to deter43 any one else for the future from venturing to expose the proceedings66 at Phlius?” Thus far the appellants. And in good sooth the conduct of the men of Phlius did seem to savour of insolence67; so much so that the ephors called out the ban against them.
B.C. 380. Nor was Agesilaus otherwise than well satisfied with this decision, not only on the ground of old relations of friendly hospitality between his father Archidamus and the party of Podanemus, who were numbered among the restored exiles at this time, but because personally he was bound by similar ties himself towards the adherents68 of Procles, son of Hipponicus. The border sacrifices proving favourable, the march commenced at once. As he advanced, embassy after embassy met him, and would fain by presents of money avert69 invasion. But the king answered that the purpose of his march was not to commit wrongdoing, but to protect the victims of injustice. Then the petitioners70 offered to do anything, only they begged him to forgo71 invasion. Again he replied — How could he trust to their words when they had lied to him already? He must have the warrant of acts, not promises. And being asked, “What act (would satisfy him)?” he answered once more, saying, “The same which you performed aforetime, and suffered no wrong at our hands”— in other words, the surrender of the acropolis.458 But to this they could not bring themselves. Whereupon he invaded the territory of Phlius, and promptly72 drawing lines of circumvallation, commenced the siege. Many of the Lacedaemonians objected, for the sake of a mere14 handful of wretched people, so to embroil73 themselves with a state of over five thousand men.459 For, indeed, to leave no doubt on this score, the men of Phlius met regularly in assembly in full view of those outside. But Agesilaus was not to be beaten by this move. Whenever any of the townsmen came out, drawn74 by friendship or kinship with the exiles, in every case the king’s instructions were to place the public messes460 at the service of the visitors, and, if they were willing to go through the course of gymnastic training, to give them enough to procure75 necessaries. All members of these classes were, by the general’s strict injunctions, further to be provided with arms, and loans were to be raised for the purpose without delay. Presently the superintendents76 of this branch of the service were able to turn out a detachment of over a thousand men, in the prime of bodily perfection, well disciplined and splendidly armed, so that in the end the Lacedaemonians affirmed: “Fellow-soldiers of this stamp are too good to lose.” Such were the concerns of Agesilaus.
Meanwhile Agesipolis on leaving Macedonia advanced straight upon Olynthus and took up a strategical position in front of the town. Finding that no one came out to oppose him, he occupied himself for the present with pillaging any remnant of the district till intact, and with marching into the territory allied with the enemy, where he destroyed the corn. The town of Torone he attacked and took by storm. But while he was so engaged, in the height of mid-summer he was attacked by a burning fever. In this condition his mind reverted77 to a scene once visited, the temple of Dionysus at Aphytis, and a longing78 for its cool and sparkling waters and embowered shades461 seized him. To this spot accordingly he was carried, still living, but only to breathe his last outside the sacred shrine79, within a week of the day on which he sickened. His body was laid in honey and conveyed home to Sparta, where he obtained royal sepulchre.
When the news reached Agesilaus he displayed none of the satisfaction which might possibly have been expected at the removal of an antagonist34. On the contrary, he wept and pined for the companionship so severed80, it being the fashion at Sparta for the kings when at home to mess together and to share the same quarters. Moreover, Agesipolis was admirably suited to Agesilaus, sharing with the merriment of youth in tales of the chase and horsemanship and boyish loves;462 while, to crown all, the touch of reverence81 due from younger to elder was not wanting in their common life. In place of Agesipolis, the Lacedaemonians despatched Polybiades as governor to Olynthus.
B.C. 379. Agesilaus had already exceeded the time during which the supplies of food in Phlius were expected to last. The difference, in fact, between self-command and mere appetite is so great that the men of Phlius had only to pass a resolution to cut down the food expenditure82 by one half, and by doing so were able to prolong the siege for twice the calculated period. But if the contrast between self-restraint and appetite is so great, no less startling is that between boldness and faint-heartedness. A Phliasian named Delphion, a real hero, it would seem, took to himself three hundred Phliasians, and not only succeeded in preventing the peace-party from carrying out their wishes, but was equal to the task of incarcerating83 and keeping safely under lock and key those whom he mistrusted. Nor did his ability end there. He succeeded in forcing the mob of citizens to perform garrison84 duty, and by vigorous patrolling kept them constant to the work. Over and over again, accompanied by his personal attendants, he would dash out of the walls and drive in the enemy’s outposts, first at one point and then at another of the beleaguering85 circle. But the time eventually came when, search as they might by every means, these picked defenders463 could find no further store of food within the walls, and they were forced to send to Agesilaus, requesting a truce86 for an embassy to visit Sparta, adding that they were resolved to leave it to the discretion87 of the authorities at Lacedaemon to do with their city what they liked. Agesilaus granted a pass to the embassy, but, at the same time, he was so angry at their setting his personal authority aside, that he sent to his friends at home and arranged that the fate of Phlius should be left to his discretion. Meanwhile he proceeded to tighten88 the cordon89 of investment, so as to render it impossible that a single soul inside the city should escape. In spite of this, however, Delphion, with one comrade, a branded dare-devil, who had shown great dexterity90 in relieving the besieging91 parties of their arms, escaped by night. Presently the deputation returned with the answer from Lacedaemon that the state simply left it entirely92 to the discretion of Agesilaus to decide the fate of Phlius as seemed to him best. Then Agesilaus announced his verdict. A board of one hundred — fifty taken from the restored exiles, fifty from those within the city — were in the first place to make inquisition as to who deserved to live and who to die, after which they were to lay down laws as the basis of a new constitution. Pending93 the carrying out of these transactions, he left a detachment of troops to garrison the place for six months, with pay for that period. After this he dismissed the allied forces, and led the state464 division home. Thus the transactions concerning Phlius were brought to a conclusion, having occupied altogether one year and eight months.
Meanwhile Polybiades had reducd the citizens of Olynthus to the last stage of misery94 through famine. Unable to supply themselves with corn from their own land, or to import it by sea, they were forced to send an embassy to Lacedaemon to sue for peace. The plenipotentiaries on their arrival accepted articles of agreement by which they bound themselves to have the same friends and the same foes95 as Lacedaemon, to follow her lead, and to be enrolled96 among her allies; and so, having taken an oath to abide97 by these terms, they returned home.
On every side the affairs of Lacedaemon had signally prospered98: Thebes and the rest of the Boeotian states lay absolutely at her feet; Corinth had become her most faithful ally; Argos, unable longer to avail herself of the subterfuge99 of a movable calendar, was humbled100 to the dust; Athens was isolated101; and, lastly, those of her own allies who displayed a hostile feeling towards her had been punished; so that, to all outward appearance, the foundations of her empire were at length absolutely well and firmly laid.
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1
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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swooped
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| 俯冲，猛冲( swoop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dispersing
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| adj. 分散的 动词disperse的现在分词形式 | |
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pillaging
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| v.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的现在分词 ) | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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incur
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| vt.招致，蒙受，遭遇 | |
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biding
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| v.等待，停留( bide的现在分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待；面临 | |
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galloping
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| adj. 飞驰的, 急性的 动词gallop的现在分词形式 | |
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gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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respite
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| n.休息，中止，暂缓 | |
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slaughtering
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的现在分词 ) | |
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slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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nettled
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| v.拿荨麻打，拿荨麻刺（nettle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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arrogating
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| v.冒称，妄取( arrogate的现在分词 )；没来由地把…归属（于） | |
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fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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juncture
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| n.时刻，关键时刻，紧要关头 | |
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swerved
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| v.（使）改变方向，改变目的( swerve的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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kernel
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| n.(果实的)核，仁；(问题)的中心，核心 | |
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calamities
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| n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事 | |
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wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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inflicts
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的第三人称单数 ) | |
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antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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antagonists
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| 对立[对抗] 者，对手，敌手( antagonist的名词复数 )； 对抗肌； 对抗药 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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foresight
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| n.先见之明，深谋远虑 | |
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penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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trifling
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| adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的 | |
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quench
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| vt.熄灭，扑灭；压制 | |
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deter
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| vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住 | |
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spartan
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| adj.简朴的，刻苦的；n.斯巴达；斯巴达式的人 | |
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spartans
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| n.斯巴达（spartan的复数形式） | |
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bastard
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| n.坏蛋，混蛋；私生子 | |
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comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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versed
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| adj. 精通，熟练 | |
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lore
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| n.传说；学问，经验，知识 | |
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chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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swelled
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| 增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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notably
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| adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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impartial
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| adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的 | |
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demurred
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| v.表示异议，反对( demur的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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offenders
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| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） | |
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injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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retaliated
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| v.报复，反击( retaliate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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mandate
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| n.托管地；命令，指示 | |
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incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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adherents
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| n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙 | |
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avert
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| v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等) | |
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petitioners
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| n.请求人，请愿人( petitioner的名词复数 )；离婚案原告 | |
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forgo
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| v.放弃，抛弃 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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embroil
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| vt.拖累；牵连；使复杂 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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superintendents
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| 警长( superintendent的名词复数 )； （大楼的）管理人； 监管人； （美国）警察局长 | |
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reverted
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| 恢复( revert的过去式和过去分词 )； 重提； 回到…上； 归还 | |
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longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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severed
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| v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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82
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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83
incarcerating
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| vt.监禁，禁闭（incarcerate的现在分词形式） | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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85
beleaguering
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| v.围攻( beleaguer的现在分词 )；困扰；骚扰 | |
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truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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88
tighten
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| v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧 | |
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89
cordon
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| n.警戒线，哨兵线 | |
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dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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91
besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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pending
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| prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的 | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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enrolled
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| adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起 | |
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abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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prospered
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| 成功，兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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subterfuge
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| n.诡计；藉口 | |
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100
humbled
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| adj. 卑下的，谦逊的，粗陋的 vt. 使 ... 卑下，贬低 | |
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101
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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