“Violation of the Chamber”
At seven o’clock in the morning the Pont de la Concorde was still free. The large grated gate of the Palace of the Assembly was closed; through the bars might be seen the flight of steps, that flight of steps whence the Republic had been proclaimed on the 4th May, 1848, covered with soldiers; and their piled arms might be distinguished1 upon the platform behind those high columns, which, during the time of the Constituent2 Assembly, after the 15th of May and the 23d June, masked small mountain mortars3, loaded and pointed4.
A porter with a red collar, wearing the livery of the Assembly, stood by the little door of the grated gate. From time to time Representatives arrived. The porter said, “Gentlemen, are you Representatives?” and opened the door. Sometimes he asked their names.
M. Dupin’s quarters could be entered without hindrance5. In the great gallery, in the dining-room, in the salon6 d’honneur of the Presidency7, liveried attendants silently opened the doors as usual.
Before daylight, immediately after the arrest of the Questors MM. Baze and Lefl?, M. de Panat, the only Questor who remained free, having been spared or disdained8 as a Legitimist, awoke M. Dupin and begged him to summon immediately the Representatives from their own homes. M. Dupin returned this unprecedented9 answer, “I do not see any urgency.”
Almost at the same time as M. Panat, the Representative Jer?me Bonaparte had hastened thither10. He had summoned M. Dupin to place himself at the head of the Assembly. M. Dupin had answered, “I cannot, I am guarded.” Jer?me Bonaparte burst out laughing. In fact, no one had deigned11 to place a sentinel at M. Dupin’s door; they knew that it was guarded by his meanness.
It was only later on, towards noon, that they took pity on him. They felt that the contempt was too great, and allotted12 him two sentinels.
At half-past seven, fifteen or twenty Representatives, among whom were MM. Eugène Sue, Joret, de Rességuier, and de Talhouet, met together in M. Dupin’s room. They also had vainly argued with M. Dupin. In the recess13 of a window a clever member of the Majority, M. Desmousseaux de Givré, who was a little deaf and exceedingly exasperated14, almost quarrelled with a Representative of the Right like himself whom he wrongly supposed to be favorable to the coup15 d’état.
M. Dupin, apart from the group of Representatives, alone dressed in black, his hands behind his back, his head sunk on his breast, walked up and down before the fire-place, where a large fire was burning. In his own room, and in his very presence, they were talking loudly about himself, yet he seemed not to hear.
Two members of the Left came in, Beno?t (du Rh?ne), and Crestin. Crestin entered the room, went straight up to M. Dupin, and said to him, “President, you know what is going on? How is it that the Assembly has not yet been convened16?”
M. Dupin halted, and answered, with a shrug17 which was habitual18 with him,—
“There is nothing to be done.”
And he resumed his walk.
“It is enough,” said M. de Rességuier.
“It is too much,” said Eugène Sue.
All the Representatives left the room.
In the meantime the Pont de la Concorde became covered with troops. Among them General Vast–Vimeux, lean, old, and little; his lank19 white hair plastered over his temples, in full uniform, with his laced hat on his head. He was laden20 with two huge epaulets, and displayed his scarf, not that of a Representative, but of a general, which scarf, being too long, trailed on the ground. He crossed the bridge on foot, shouting to the soldiers inarticulate cries of enthusiasm for the Empire and the coup d’état. Such figures as these were seen in 1814. Only instead of wearing a large tri-colored, cockade, they wore a large white cockade. In the main the same phenomenon; old men crying, “Long live the Past!” Almost at the same moment M. de Larochejaquelein crossed the Place de la Concorde, surrounded by a hundred men in blouses, who followed him in silence, and with an air of curiosity. Numerous regiments21 of cavalry23 were drawn24 up in the grand avenue of the Champs Elysées.
At eight o’clock a formidable force invested the Legislative25 Palace. All the approaches were guarded, all the doors were shut. Some Representatives nevertheless succeeded in penetrating26 into the interior of the Palace, not, as has been wrongly stated, by the passage of the President’s house on the side of the Esplanade of the Invalides, but by the little door of the Rue27 de Bourgogne, called the Black Door. This door, by what omission28 or what connivance29 I do not know, remained open till noon on the 2d December. The Rue de Bourgogne was nevertheless full of troops. Squads30 of soldiers scattered31 here and there in the Rue de l’Université allowed passers-by, who were few and far between, to use it as a thoroughfare.
The Representatives who entered by the door in Rue de Bourgogne, penetrated32 as far as the Salle des Conférences, where they met their colleagues coming out from M. Dupin.
A numerous group of men, representing every shade of opinion in the Assembly, was speedily assembled in this hall, amongst whom were MM. Eugène Sue, Richardet, Fayolle, Joret, Marc Dufraisse, Beno?t (du Rh?ne), Canet, Gambon, d’Adelsward, Créqu, Répellin, Teillard–Latérisse, Rantion, General Leydet, Paulin Durrieu, Chanay, Brilliez, Collas (de la Gironde), Monet, Gaston, Favreau, and Albert de Rességuier.
Each new-comer accosted33 M. de Panat.
“Where are the vice-Presidents?”
“In prison.”
“And the two other Questors?”
“Also in prison. And I beg you to believe, gentlemen,” added M. de Panat, “that I have had nothing to do with the insult which has been offered me, in not arresting me.”
Indignation was at its height; every political shade was blended in the same sentiment of contempt and anger, and M. de Rességuier was no less energetic than Eugène Sue. For the first time the Assembly seemed only to have one heart and one voice. Each at length said what he thought of the man of the Elysée, and it was then seen that for a long time past Louis Bonaparte had imperceptibly created a profound unanimity34 in the Assembly — the unanimity of contempt.
M. Collas (of the Gironde) gesticulated and told his story. He came from the Ministry35 of the Interior. He had seen M. de Morny, he had spoken to him; and he, M. Collas, was incensed37 beyond measure at M. Bonaparte’s crime. Since then, that Crime has made him Councillor of State.
M. de Panat went hither and thither among the groups, announcing to the Representatives that he had convened the Assembly for one o’clock. But it was impossible to wait until that hour. Time pressed. At the Palais Bourbon, as in the Rue Blanche, it was the universal feeling that each hour which passed by helped to accomplish the coup d’état. Every one felt as a reproach the weight of his silence or of his inaction; the circle of iron was closing in, the tide of soldiers rose unceasingly, and silently invaded the Palace; at each instant a sentinel the more was found at a door, which a moment before had been free. Still, the group of Representatives assembled together in the Salle des Conférences was as yet respected. It was necessary to act, to speak, to deliberate, to struggle, and not to lose a minute.
Gambon said, “Let us try Dupin once more; he is our official man, we have need of him.” They went to look for him. They could not find him. He was no longer there, he had disappeared, he was away, hidden, crouching38, cowering39, concealed40, he had vanished, he was buried. Where? No one knew. Cowardice41 has unknown holes.
Suddenly a man entered the hall. A man who was a stranger to the Assembly, in uniform, wearing the epaulet of a superior officer and a sword by his side. He was a major of the 42d, who came to summon the Representatives to quit their own House. All, Royalists and Republicans alike, rushed upon him. Such was the expression of an indignant eye-witness. General Leydet addressed him in language such as leaves an impression on the cheek rather than on the ear.
“I do my duty, I fulfil my instructions,” stammered42 the officer.
“You are an idiot, if you think you are doing your duty,” cried Leydet to him, “and you are a scoundrel if you know that you are committing a crime. Your name? What do you call yourself? Give me your name.”
The officer refused to give his name, and replied, “So, gentlemen, you will not withdraw?”
“No.”
“I shall go and obtain force.”
“Do so.”
He left the room, and in actual fact went to obtain orders from the Ministry of the Interior.
The Representatives waited in that kind of indescribable agitation43 which might be called the Strangling of Right by Violence.
In a short time one of them who had gone out came back hastily, and warned them that two companies of the Gendarmerie Mobile were coming with their guns in their hands.
Marc Dufraisse cried out, “Let the outrage44 be thorough. Let the coup d’état find us on our seats. Let us go to the Salle des Séances,” he added. “Since things have come to such a pass, let us afford the genuine and living spectacle of an 18th Brumaire.”
They all repaired to the Hall of Assembly. The passage was free. The Salle Casimir-Périer was not yet occupied by the soldiers.
They numbered about sixty. Several were girded with their scarves of office. They entered the Hall meditatively45.
There, M. de Rességuier, undoubtedly46 with a good purpose, and in order to form a more compact group, urged that they should all install themselves on the Right side.
“No,” said Marc Dufraisse, “every one to his bench.” They scattered themselves about the Hall, each in his usual place.
M. Monet, who sat on one of the lower benches of the Left Centre, held in his hand a copy of the Constitution.
Several minutes elapsed. No one spoke36. It was the silence of expectation which precedes decisive deeds and final crises, and during which every one seems respectfully to listen to the last instructions of his conscience.
Suddenly the soldiers of the Gendarmerie Mobile, headed by a captain with his sword drawn, appeared on the threshold. The Hall of Assembly was violated. The Representatives rose from their seats simultaneously47, shouting “Vive la République!”
The Representative Monet alone remained standing48, and in a loud and indignant voice, which resounded49 through the empty hall like a trumpet50, ordered the soldiers to halt.
The soldiers halted, looking at the Representatives with a bewildered air.
The soldiers as yet only blocked up the lobby of the Left, and had not passed beyond the Tribune.
Then the Representative Monet read the Articles 36, 37, and 68 of the Constitution.
Articles 36 and 37 established the inviolability of the Representatives. Article 68 deposed51 the President in the event of treason.
That moment was a solemn one. The soldiers listened in silence.
The Articles having been read, Representative d’Adelsward, who sat on the first lower bench of the Left, and who was nearest to the soldiers, turned towards them and said,—
“Soldiers, you see that the President of the Republic is a traitor52, and would make traitors53 of you. You violate the sacred precinct of rational Representation. In the name of the Constitution, in the name of the Law, we order you to withdraw.”
While Adelsward was speaking, the major commanding the Gendarmerie Mobile had entered.
“Gentlemen,” said he, “I have orders to request you to retire, and, if you do not withdraw of your own accord, to expel you.”
“Orders to expel us!” exclaimed Adelsward; and all the Representatives added, “Whose orders; Let us see the orders. Who signed the orders?”
The major drew forth54 a paper and unfolded it. Scarcely had he unfolded it than he attempted to replace it in his pocket, but General Leydet threw himself upon him and seized his arm. Several Representatives leant forward, and read the order for the expulsion of the Assembly, signed “Fortoul, Minister of the Marine55.”
Marc Dufraisse turned towards the Gendarmes56 Mobiles, and cried out to them,—
“Soldiers, your very presence here is an act of treason. Leave the Hall!”
The soldiers seemed undecided. Suddenly a second column emerged from the door on the right, and at a signal from the commander, the captain shouted,—
“Forward! Turn them all out!”
Then began an indescribable hand-to-hand fight between the gendarmes and the legislators. The soldiers, with their guns in their hands, invaded the benches of the Senate. Repellin, Chanay, Rantion, were forcibly torn from their seats. Two gendarmes rushed upon Marc Dufraisse, two upon Gambon. A long struggle took place on the first bench of the Right, the same place where MM. Odilon Barrot and Abbatucci were in the habit of sitting. Paulin Durrieu resisted violence by force, it needed three men to drag him from his bench. Monet was thrown down upon the benches of the Commissaries. They seized Adelsward by the throat, and thrust him outside the Hall. Richardet, a feeble man, was thrown down and brutally57 treated. Some were pricked58 with the points of the bayonets; nearly all had their clothes torn.
The commander shouted to the soldiers, “Rake them out.”
It was thus that sixty Representatives of the People were taken by the collar by the coup d’état, and driven from their seats. The manner in which the deed was executed completed the treason. The physical performance was worthy59 of the moral performance.
The three last to come out were Fayolle, Teillard–Latérisse, and Paulin Durrieu.
They were allowed to pass by the great door of the Palace, and they found themselves in the Place Bourgogne.
The Place Bourgogne was occupied by the 42d Regiment22 of the Line, under the orders of Colonel Garderens.
Between the Palace and the statue of the Republic, which occupied the centre of the square, a piece of artillery60 was pointed at the Assembly opposite the great door.
By the side of the cannon61 some Chasseurs de Vincennes were loading their guns and biting their cartridges62.
Colonel Garderens was on horseback near a group of soldiers, which attracted the attention of the Representatives Teillard–Latérisse, Fayolle, and Paulin Durrieu.
In the middle of this group three men, who had been arrested, were struggling crying, “Long live the Constitution! Vive la République!”
Fayolle, Paulin Durrieu, and Teillard–Latérisse approached, and recognized in the three prisoners three members of the majority, Representatives Toupet-des-Vignes Radoubt, Lafosse, and Arbey.
Representative Arbey was warmly protesting. As he raised his voice, Colonel Garderens cut him short with these words, which are worthy of preservation,—
“Hold your tongue! One word more, and I will have you thrashed with the butt-end of a musket63.”
The three Representatives of the Left indignantly called on the Colonel to release their colleagues.
“Colonel,” said Fayolle, “You break the law threefold.”
“I will break it sixfold,” answered the Colonel, and he arrested Fayolle, Durrieu, and Teillard–Latérisse.
The soldiery were ordered to conduct them to the guard house of the Palace then being built for the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
On the way the six prisoners, marching between a double file of bayonets, met three of their colleagues Representatives Eugène Sue, Chanay, and Benoist (du Rh?ne).
Eugène Sue placed himself before the officer who commanded the detachment, and said to him,—
“We summon you to set our colleagues at liberty.”
“I cannot do so,” answered the officer.
“In that case complete your crimes,” said Eugène Sue, “We summon you to arrest us also.”
The officer arrested them.
They were taken to the guard-house of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and, later on, to the barracks of the Quai d’Orsay. It was not till night that two companies of the line came to transfer them to this ultimate resting-place.
While placing them between his soldiers the commanding officer bowed down to the ground, politely remarking, “Gentlemen, my men’s guns are loaded.”
The clearance64 of the hall was carried out, as we have said, in a disorderly fashion, the soldiers pushing the Representatives before them through all the outlets65.
Some, and amongst the number those of whom we have just spoken, wens out by the Rue de Bourgogne, others were dragged through the Salle des Pas Perdus towards the grated door opposite the Pont de la Concorde.3
The Salle des Pas Perdus has an ante-chamber, a sort of crossway room, upon which opened the staircase of the High Tribune, and several doors, amongst others the great glass door of the gallery which leads to the apartments of the President of the Assembly.
As soon as they had reached this crossway room which adjoins the little rotunda66, where the side door of exit to the Palace is situated67, the soldiers set the Representatives free.
There, in a few moments, a group was formed, in which the Representatives Canet and Favreau began to speak. One universal cry was raised, “Let us search for Dupin, let us drag him here if it is necessary.”
They opened the glass door and rushed into the gallery. This time M. Dupin was at home. M. Dupin, having learnt that the gendarmes had cleared out the Hall, had come out of his hiding-place. The Assembly being thrown prostrate68, Dupin stood erect69. The law being made prisoner, this man felt himself set free.
The group of Representatives, led by MM. Canet and Favreau, found him in his study.
There a dialogue ensued. The Representatives summoned the President to put himself at their head, and to re-enter the Hall, he, the man of the Assembly, with them, the men of the Nation.
M. Dupin refused point-blank, maintained his ground, was very firm, and clung bravely to his nonentity70.
“What do you want me to do?” said he, mingling71 with his alarmed protests many law maxims72 and Latin quotations73, an instinct of chattering74 jays, who pour forth all their vocabulary when they are frightened. “What do you want me to do? Who am I? What can I do? I am nothing. No one is any longer anything. Ubi nihil, nihil. Might is there. Where there is Might the people lose their Rights. Novus nascitur ordo. Shape your course accordingly. I am obliged to submit. Dura lex, sed lex. A law of necessity we admit, but not a law of right. But what is to be done? I ask to be let alone. I can do nothing. I do what I can. I am not wanting in good will. If I had a corporal and four men, I would have them killed.”
“This man only recognizes force,” said the Representatives. “Very well, let us employ force.”
They used violence towards him, they girded him with a scarf like a cord round his neck, and, as they had said, they dragged him towards the Hall, begging for his “liberty,” moaning, kicking — I would say wrestling, if the word were not too exalted75.
Some minutes after the clearance, this Salle des Pas Perdus, which had just witnessed Representatives pass by in the clutch of gendarmes, saw M. Dupin in the clutch of the Representatives.
They did not get far. Soldiers barred the great green folding-doors. Colonel Espinasse hurried thither, the commander of the gendarmerie came up. The butt-ends of a pair of pistols were seen peeping out of the commander’s pocket.
The colonel was pale, the commander was pale, M. Dupin was livid. Both sides were afraid. M. Dupin was afraid of the colonel; the colonel assuredly was not afraid of M. Dupin, but behind this laughable and miserable76 figure he saw a terrible phantom77 rise up — his crime, and he trembled. In Homer there is a scene where Nemesis78 appears behind Thersites.
M. Dupin remained for some moments stupefied, bewildered and speechless.
The Representative Gambon exclaimed to him,—
“Now then, speak, M. Dupin, the Left does not interrupt you.”
Then, with the words of the Representatives at his back, and the bayonets of the soldiers at his breast, the unhappy man spoke. What his mouth uttered at this moment, what the President of the Sovereign Assembly of France stammered to the gendarmes at this intensely critical moment, no one could gather.
Those who heard the last gasps79 of this moribund80 cowardice, hastened to purify their ears. It appears, however, that he stuttered forth something like this:—
“You are Might, you have bayonets; I invoke81 Right and I leave you. I have the honor to wish you good day.”
He went away.
They let him go. At the moment of leaving he turned round and let fall a few more words. We will not gather them up. History has no rag-picker’s basket.
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1
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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constituent
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| n.选民；成分，组分；adj.组成的，构成的 | |
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mortars
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| n.迫击炮( mortar的名词复数 )；砂浆；房产；研钵 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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hindrance
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| n.妨碍，障碍 | |
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salon
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| n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室 | |
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presidency
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| n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期) | |
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disdained
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| 鄙视( disdain的过去式和过去分词 )； 不屑于做，不愿意做 | |
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unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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deigned
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| v.屈尊，俯就( deign的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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recess
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| n.短期休息，壁凹（墙上装架子，柜子等凹处） | |
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exasperated
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| adj.恼怒的 | |
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coup
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| n.政变；突然而成功的行动 | |
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convened
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| 召开( convene的过去式 )； 召集； （为正式会议而）聚集； 集合 | |
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shrug
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| v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等) | |
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habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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lank
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| adj.瘦削的；稀疏的 | |
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laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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legislative
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| n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的 | |
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penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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rue
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| n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔 | |
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omission
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| n.省略，删节；遗漏或省略的事物，冗长 | |
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connivance
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| n.纵容；默许 | |
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squads
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| n.（军队中的）班( squad的名词复数 )；（暗杀）小组；体育运动的运动（代表）队；（对付某类犯罪活动的）警察队伍 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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accosted
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| v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 )；跟…搭讪；（乞丐等）上前向…乞讨；（妓女等）勾搭 | |
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unanimity
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| n.全体一致，一致同意 | |
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ministry
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| n.(政府的)部；牧师 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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incensed
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| 盛怒的 | |
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crouching
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的现在分词 ) | |
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cowering
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| v.畏缩，抖缩( cower的现在分词 ) | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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cowardice
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| n.胆小，怯懦 | |
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stammered
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| v.结巴地说出( stammer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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outrage
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| n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒 | |
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meditatively
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| adv.冥想地 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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simultaneously
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| adv.同时发生地，同时进行地 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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resounded
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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50
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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deposed
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| v.罢免( depose的过去式和过去分词 )；（在法庭上）宣誓作证 | |
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traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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gendarmes
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| n.宪兵，警官( gendarme的名词复数 ) | |
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brutally
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| adv.残忍地，野蛮地，冷酷无情地 | |
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pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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cartridges
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| 子弹( cartridge的名词复数 )； （打印机的）墨盒； 录音带盒； （唱机的）唱头 | |
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musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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clearance
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| n.净空；许可(证)；清算；清除，清理 | |
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outlets
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| n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店 | |
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rotunda
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| n.圆形建筑物；圆厅 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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nonentity
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| n.无足轻重的人 | |
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mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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maxims
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| n.格言，座右铭( maxim的名词复数 ) | |
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quotations
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| n.引用( quotation的名词复数 )；[商业]行情（报告）；（货物或股票的）市价；时价 | |
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chattering
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| n. （机器振动发出的）咔嗒声，(鸟等)鸣，啁啾 adj. 喋喋不休的，啾啾声的 动词chatter的现在分词形式 | |
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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phantom
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| n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的 | |
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nemesis
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| n.给以报应者，复仇者，难以对付的敌手 | |
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gasps
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| v.喘气( gasp的第三人称单数 )；喘息；倒抽气；很想要 | |
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moribund
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| adj.即将结束的，垂死的 | |
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invoke
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| v.求助于(神、法律)；恳求，乞求 | |
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