Mazas
The police-vans, escorted as far as Mazas by Lancers, found another squadron of Lancers ready to receive them at Mazas. The Representatives descended1 from the vehicle one by one. The officer commanding the Lancers stood by the door, and watched them pass with a dull curiosity.
Mazas, which had taken the place of the prison of La Force, now pulled down, is a lofty reddish building, close to the terminus of the Lyons Railway, and stands on the waste land of the Faubourg St. Antoine. From a distance the building appears as though built of bricks, but on closer examination it is seen to be constructed of flints set in cement. Six large detached buildings, three stories high, all radiating from a rotunda2 which serves as the common centre, and touching3 each other at the starting-point, separated by courtyards which grow broader in proportion as the buildings spread out, pierced with a thousand little dormer windows which give light to the cells, surrounded by a high wall, and presenting from a bird’s-eye point of view the drape of a fan — such is Mazas. From the rotunda which forms the centre, springs a sort of minaret4, which is the alarm-tower. The ground floor is a round room, which serves as the registrar’s office. On the first story is a chapel5 where a single priest says mass for all; and the observatory6, where a single attendant keeps watch over all the doors of all the galleries at the same time. Each building is termed a “division.” The courtyards are intersected by high walls into a multitude of little oblong walks.
As each Representative descended from the vehicle he was conducted into the rotunda where the registry office was situated7. There his name was taken down, and in exchange for his name he was assigned a number. Whether the prisoner be a thief or a legislator, such is always the rule in this prison; the coup8 d’état reduced all to a footing of equality. As soon as a Representative was registered and numbered, he was ordered to “file off.” They said to him, “Go upstairs,” or “Go on;” and they announced him at the end of the corridor to which he was allotted9 by calling out, “Receive number So-and-So.” The jailer in that particular corridor answered, “Send him on.” The prisoner mounted alone, went straight on, and on his arrival found the jailer standing10 near an open door. The jailer said, “Here it is, sir.” The prisoner entered, the jailer shut the door, and they passed on to another.
The coup d’état acted in a very different manner towards the various Representatives. Those whom it desired to conciliate, the men of the Bight, were placed in Vincennes; those whom it detested11, the men of the Left, were placed in Mazas. Those at Vincennes had the quarters of M. Montpensier, which were expressly reopened for them; an excellent dinner, eaten in company; wax candles, fire, and the smiles and bows of the governor, General Courtigis.
This is how it treated those at Mazas.
A police-van deposited them at the prison. They were transferred from one box to another. At Mazas a clerk registered them, weighed them, measured them, and entered them into the jail book as convicts. Having passed through the office, each of them was conducted along a gallery shrouded12 in darkness, through a long damp vault13 to a narrow door which was suddenly opened. This reached, a jailer pushed the Representative in by the shoulders, and the door was shut.
The Representative, thus immured14, found himself in a little, long, narrow, dark room. It is this which the prudent15 language of modern legislation terms a “cell.” Here the full daylight of a December noon only produced a dusky twilight16. At one end there was a door, with a little grating; at the other, close to the ceiling, at a height of ten or twelve feet, there was a loophole with a fluted17 glass window. This window dimmed the eye, and prevented it from seeing the blue or gray of the sky, or from distinguishing the cloud from the sun’s ray, and invested the wan18 daylight of winter with an indescribable uncertainty19. It was even less than a dim light, it was a turbid20 light. The inventors of this fluted window succeeded in making the heavens squint21.
After a few moments the prisoner began to distinguish objects confusedly, and this is what he found: White-washed walls here and there turned green by various exhalations; in one corner a round hole guarded by iron bars, and exhaling22 a disgusting smell; in another corner a slab23 turning upon a hinge like the bracket seat of a fiacre, and thus capable of being used as a table; no bed; a straw-bottomed chair; under foot a brick floor. Gloom was the first impression; cold was the second. There, then, the prisoner found himself, alone, chilled, in this semi-darkness, being able to walk up and down the space of eight square feet like a caged wolf, or to remain seated on his chair like an idiot at Bicêtre.
In this situation an ex-Republican of the Eve, who had become a member of the majority, and on occasions sided somewhat with the Bonapartists, M. Emile Leroux, who had, moreover, been thrown into Mazas by mistake, having doubtless been taken for some other Leroux, began to weep with rage. Three, four, five hours thus passed away. In the meanwhile they had not eaten since the morning; some of them, in the excitement caused by the coup d’état had not even breakfasted. Hunger came upon them. Were they to be forgotten there? No; a bell rang in the prison, the grating of the door opened, and an arm held out to the prisoner a pewter porringer and a piece of bread.
The prisoner greedily seized the bread and the porringer. The bread was black and sticky; the porringer contained a sort of thick water, warm and reddish. Nothing can be compared to the smell of this “soup.” As for the bread, it only smelt24 of mouldiness.
However great their hunger, most of the prisoners during the first moment threw down their bread on the floor, and emptied the porringer down the hole with the iron bars.
Nevertheless the stomach craved25, the hours passed by, they picked up the bread, and ended by eating it. One prisoner went so far as to pick up the porringer and to attempt to wipe out the bottom with his bread, which he afterwards devoured26. Subsequently, this prisoner, a Representative set at liberty in exile, described to me this dietary, and said to me, “A hungry stomach has no nose.”
Meanwhile there was absolute solitude27 and profound silence. However, in the course of a few hours, M. Emile Leroux — he himself has told the fact to M. Versigny — heard on the other side of the wall on his right a sort of curious knocking, spaced out and intermittent28 at irregular intervals29. He listened, and almost at the same moment on the other side of the wall to his left a similar rapping responded. M. Emile Leroux, enraptured30 — what a pleasure it was to hear a noise of some kind!— thought of his colleagues, prisoners like himself, and cried out in a tremendous voice, “Oh, oh! you are there also, you fellows!” He had scarcely uttered this sentence when the door of his cell was opened with a creaking of hinges and bolts; a man — the jailer — appeared in a great rage, and said to him,—
“Hold your tongue!”
The Representative of the People, somewhat bewildered, asked for an explanation.
“Hold your tongue,” replied the jailer, “or I will pitch you into a dungeon31.”
This jailer spoke32 to the prisoner as the coup d’état spoke to the nation.
M. Emile Leroux, with his persistent33 parliamentary habits, nevertheless attempted to insist.
“What!” said he, “can I not answer the signals which two of my colleagues are making to me?”
“Two of your colleagues, indeed,” answered the jailer, “they are two thieves.” And he shut the door, shouting with laughter.
They were, in fact, two thieves, between whom M. Emile Leroux was, not crucified, but locked up.
The Mazas prison is so ingeniously built that the least word can be heard from one cell to another. Consequently there is no isolation34, notwithstanding the cellular35 system. Thence this rigorous silence imposed by the perfect and cruel logic36 of the rules. What do the thieves do? They have invented a telegraphic system of raps, and the rules gain nothing by their stringency37. M. Emile Leroux had simply interrupted a conversation which had been begun.
“Don’t interfere38 with our friendly patter,” cried out his thief neighbor, who for this exclamation39 was thrown into the dungeon.
Such was the life of the Representatives at Mazas. Moreover, as they were in secret confinement40, not a book, not a sheet of paper, not a pen, not even an hour’s exercise in the courtyard was allowed to them.
The thieves also go to Mazas, as we have seen.
But those who know a trade are permitted to work; those who know how to read are supplied with books; those who know how to write are granted a desk and paper; all are permitted the hour’s exercise required by the laws of health and authorized41 by the rules.
The Representatives were allowed nothing whatever. Isolation, close confinement, silence, darkness, cold, “the amount of ennui42 which engenders43 madness,” as Linguet has said when speaking of the Bastille.
To remain seated on a chair all day long, with arms and legs crossed: such was the situation. But the bed! Could they lie down?
No.
There was no bed.
At eight o’clock in the evening the jailer came into the cell, and reached down, and removed something which was rolled up on a plank44 near the ceiling. This “something” was a hammock.
The hammock having been fixed45, hooked up, and spread out, the jailer wished his prisoner “Good-night.”
There was a blanket on the hammock, sometimes a mattress46 some two inches thick. The prisoner, wrapt in this covering, tried to sleep, and only succeeded in shivering.
But on the morrow he could at least remain lying down all day in his hammock?
Not at all.
At seven o’clock in the morning the jailer came in, wished the Representative “Good-morning,” made him get up, and rolled up the hammock on its shelf near the ceiling.
But in this case could not the prisoner take down the authorized hammock, unroll it, hook it up, and lie down again?
Yes, he could. But then there was the dungeon.
This was the routine. The hammock for the night, the chair for the day.
Let us be just, however. Some obtained beds, amongst others MM. Thiers and Roger (du Nord). M. Grévy did not have one.
Mazas is a model prison of progress; it is certain that Mazas is preferable to the piombi of Venice, and to the under-water dungeon of the Chatelet. Theoretical philanthropy has built Mazas. Nevertheless, as has been seen, Mazas leaves plenty to be desired. Let us acknowledge that from a certain point of view the temporary solitary47 confinement of the law-makers at Mazas does not displease48 us. There was perhaps something of Providence49 in the coup d’état. Providence, in placing the Legislators at Mazas, has performed an act of good education. Eat of your own cooking; it is not a bad thing that those who own prisons should try them.
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descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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rotunda
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| n.圆形建筑物；圆厅 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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minaret
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| n.（回教寺院的）尖塔 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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observatory
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| n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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coup
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| n.政变；突然而成功的行动 | |
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allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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detested
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| v.憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨( detest的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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shrouded
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| v.隐瞒( shroud的过去式和过去分词 )；保密 | |
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vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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immured
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| v.禁闭，监禁( immure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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fluted
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| a.有凹槽的 | |
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wan
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| (wide area network)广域网 | |
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uncertainty
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| n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物 | |
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turbid
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| adj.混浊的，泥水的，浓的 | |
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squint
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| v. 使变斜视眼, 斜视, 眯眼看, 偏移, 窥视; n. 斜视, 斜孔小窗; adj. 斜视的, 斜的 | |
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exhaling
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| v.呼出，发散出( exhale的现在分词 )；吐出（肺中的空气、烟等），呼气 | |
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slab
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| n.平板，厚的切片；v.切成厚板，以平板盖上 | |
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smelt
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| v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼 | |
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craved
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| 渴望，热望( crave的过去式 )； 恳求，请求 | |
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devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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intermittent
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| adj.间歇的，断断续续的 | |
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29
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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enraptured
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| v.使狂喜( enrapture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dungeon
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| n.地牢，土牢 | |
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32
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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33
persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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isolation
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| n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离 | |
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cellular
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| adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的 | |
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logic
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| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
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stringency
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| n.严格，紧迫，说服力；严格性；强度 | |
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38
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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39
exclamation
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| n.感叹号，惊呼，惊叹词 | |
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40
confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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authorized
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| a.委任的，许可的 | |
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ennui
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| n.怠倦，无聊 | |
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engenders
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| v.产生（某形势或状况），造成，引起( engender的第三人称单数 ) | |
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plank
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| n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目 | |
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45
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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mattress
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| n.床垫，床褥 | |
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47
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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48
displease
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| vt.使不高兴，惹怒；n.不悦，不满，生气 | |
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49
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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