I rushed on to the platform. Yes! the open sea, with but a few scattered1 pieces of ice and moving icebergs2--a long stretch of sea; a world of birds in the air, and myriads4 of fishes under those waters, which varied5 from intense blue to olive green, according to the bottom. The thermometer marked 3" C. above zero. It was comparatively spring, shut up as we were behind this iceberg3, whose lengthened6 mass was dimly seen on our northern horizon. "Are we at the pole?" I asked the Captain, with a beating heart. "I do not know," he replied. "At noon I will take our bearings." "But will the sun show himself through this fog?" said I, looking at the leaden sky. "However little it shows, it will be enough," replied the Captain. About ten miles south a solitary8 island rose to a height of one hundred and four yards. We made for it, but carefully, for the sea might be strewn with banks. One hour afterwards we had reached it, two hours later we had made the round of it. It measured four or five miles in circumference9. A narrow canal separated it from a considerable stretch of land, perhaps a continent, for we could not see its limits. The existence of this land seemed to give some colour to Maury's theory. The ingenious American has remarked that, between the South Pole and the sixtieth parallel, the sea is covered with floating ice of enormous size, which is never met with in the North Atlantic. From this fact he has drawn10 the conclusion that the Antarctic Circle encloses considerable continents, as icebergs cannot form in open sea, but only on the coasts. According to these calculations, the mass of ice surrounding the southern pole forms a vast cap, the circumference of which must be, at least, 2,500 miles. But the Nautilus, for fear of running aground, had stopped about three cable-lengths from a strand11 over which reared a superb heap of rocks. The boat was launched; the Captain, two of his men, bearing instruments, Conseil, and myself were in it. It was ten in the morning. I had not seen Ned Land. Doubtless the
Canadian did not wish to admit the presence of the South Pole. A few strokes of the oar12 brought us to the sand, where we ran ashore13. Conseil was going to jump on to the land, when I held him back. "Sir," said I to Captain Nemo, "to you belongs the honour of first setting foot on this land." "Yes, sir," said the Captain, "and if I do not hesitate to tread this South Pole, it is because, up to this time, no human being has left a trace there." Saying this, he jumped lightly on to the sand. His heart beat with emotion. He climbed a rock, sloping to a little promontory14, and there, with his arms crossed, mute and motionless, and with an eager look, he seemed to take possession of these southern regions. After five minutes passed in this ecstasy15, he turned to us. "When you like, sir." I landed, followed by Conseil, leaving the two men in the boat. For a long way the soil was composed of a reddish sandy stone, something like crushed brick, scoriae, streams of lava16, and pumice-stones. One could not mistake its volcanic17 origin. In some parts, slight curls of smoke emitted a sulphurous smell, proving that the internal fires had lost nothing of their expansive powers, though, having climbed a high acclivity, I could see no volcano for a radius18 of several miles. We know that in those Antarctic countries, James Ross found two craters20, the Erebus and Terror, in full activity, on the 167th meridian21, latitude22 77" 32'. The vegetation of this desolate23 continent seemed to me much restricted. Some lichens24 lay upon the black rocks; some microscopic25 plants, rudimentary diatomas, a kind of cells placed between two quartz26 shells; long purple and scarlet27 weed, supported on little swimming bladders, which the breaking of the waves brought to the shore. These constituted the meagre flora28 of this region. The shore was strewn with molluscs, little mussels, and limpets. I also saw myriads of northern clios, one-and-a-quarter inches long, of which a whale would swallow a whole world at a mouthful; and some perfect sea-butterflies, animatin
g the waters on the skirts of the shore.
There appeared on the high bottoms some coral shrubs29, of the kind which, according to James Ross, live in the Antarctic seas to the depth of more than 1,000 yards. Then there were little kingfishers and starfish studding the soil. But where life abounded30 most was in the air. There thousands of birds fluttered and flew of all kinds, deafening31 us with their cries; others crowded the rock, looking at us as we passed by without fear, and pressing familiarly close by our feet. There were penguins32, so agile33 in the water, heavy and awkward as they are on the ground; they were uttering harsh cries, a large assembly, sober in gesture, but extravagant34 in clamour. Albatrosses passed in the air, the expanse of their wings being at least four yards and a half, and justly called the vultures of the ocean; some gigantic petrels, and some damiers, a kind of small duck, the underpart of whose body is black and white; then there were a whole series of petrels, some whitish, with brown-bordered wings, others blue, peculiar35 to the Antarctic seas, and so oily, as I told Conseil, that the inhabitants of the Ferroe Islands had nothing to do before lighting36 them but to put a wick in. "A little more," said Conseil, "and they would be perfect lamps! After that, we cannot expect Nature to have previously37 furnished them with wicks!" About half a mile farther on the soil was riddled38 with ruffs' nests, a sort of laying-ground, out of which many birds were issuing. Captain Nemo had some hundreds hunted. They uttered a cry like the braying39 of an ass7, were about the size of a goose, slate-colour on the body, white beneath, with a yellow line round their throats; they allowed themselves to be killed with a stone, never trying to escape. But the fog did not lift, and at eleven the sun had not yet shown itself. Its absence made me uneasy. Without it no observations were possible. How, then, could we decide whether we had reached the pole? When I rejoined Captain Nemo, I found him leaning on a piece of rock, silently watching the sky. He seemed
impatient and vexed40. But what was to be done? This rash and powerful man could not command the sun as he did the sea. Noon arrived without the orb41 of day showing itself for an instant. We could not even tell its position behind the curtain of fog; and soon the fog turned to snow. "Till to-morrow," said the Captain, quietly, and we returned to the Nautilus amid these atmospheric42 disturbances43. The tempest of snow continued till the next day. It was impossible to remain on the platform. From the saloon, where I was taking notes of incidents happening during this excursion to the polar continent, I could hear the cries of petrels and albatrosses sporting in the midst of this violent storm. The Nautilus did not remain motionless, but skirted the coast, advancing ten miles more to the south in the half-light left by the sun as it skirted the edge of the horizon. The next day, the 20th of March, the snow had ceased. The cold was a little greater, the thermometer showing 2" below zero. The fog was rising, and I hoped that that day our observations might be taken. Captain Nemo not having yet appeared, the boat took Conseil and myself to land. The soil was still of the same volcanic nature; everywhere were traces of lava, scoriae, and basalt; but the crater19 which had vomited44 them I could not see. Here, as lower down, this continent was alive with myriads of birds. But their rule was now divided with large troops of sea-mammals, looking at us with their soft eyes. There were several kinds of seals, some stretched on the earth, some on flakes45 of ice, many going in and out of the sea. They did not flee at our approach, never having had anything to do with man; and I reckoned that there were provisions there for hundreds of vessels46. "Sir," said Conseil, "will you tell me the names of these creatures?" "They are seals and morses." It was now eight in the morning. Four hours remained to us before the sun could be observed with advantage. I directed our steps towards a vast bay cut in the steep granite47 shore. There, I c
an aver48 that earth and ice were lost to sight by the numbers of sea-mammals covering them, and I involuntarily sought for old Proteus, the mythological49 shepherd who watched these immense flocks of Neptune50. There were more seals than anything else, forming distinct groups, male and female, the father watching over his family, the mother suckling her little ones, some already strong enough to go a few steps. When they wished to change their place, they took little jumps, made by the contraction51 of their bodies, and helped awkwardly enough by their imperfect fin52, which, as with the lamantin, their cousins, forms a perfect forearm. I should say that, in the water, which is their element--the spine53 of these creatures is flexible; with smooth and close skin and webbed feet--they swim admirably. In resting on the earth they take the most graceful54 attitudes. Thus the ancients, observing their soft and expressive55 looks, which cannot be surpassed by the most beautiful look a woman can give, their clear voluptuous56 eyes, their charming positions, and the poetry of their manners, metamorphosed them, the male into a triton and the female into a mermaid57. I made Conseil notice the considerable development of the lobes58 of the brain in these interesting cetaceans. No mammal, except man, has such a quantity of brain matter; they are also capable of receiving a certain amount of education, are easily domesticated59, and I think, with other naturalists60, that if properly taught they would be of great service as fishing-dogs. The greater part of them slept on the rocks or on the sand. Amongst these seals, properly so called, which have no external ears (in which they differ from the otter61, whose ears are prominent), I noticed several varieties of seals about three yards long, with a white coat, bulldog heads, armed with teeth in both jaws62, four incisors at the top and four at the bottom, and two large canine63 teeth in the shape of a fleur-de-lis. Amongst them glided64 sea-elephants, a kind of seal, with short, flexible trunks. The giants
of this species measured twenty feet round and ten yards and a half in length; but they did not move as we approached. "These creatures are not dangerous?" asked Conseil. "No; not unless you attack them. When they have to defend their young their rage is terrible, and it is not uncommon65 for them to break the fishing-boats to pieces." "They are quite right," said Conseil. "I do not say they are not." Two miles farther on we were stopped by the promontory which shelters the bay from the southerly winds. Beyond it we heard loud bellowings such as a troop of ruminants would produce. "Good!" said Conseil; "a concert of bulls!" "No; a concert of morses." "They are fighting!" "They are either fighting or playing." We now began to climb the blackish rocks, amid unforeseen stumbles, and over stones which the ice made slippery. More than once I rolled over at the expense of my loins. Conseil, more prudent66 or more steady, did not stumble, and helped me up, saying: "If, sir, you would have the kindness to take wider steps, you would preserve your equilibrium67 better." Arrived at the upper ridge68 of the promontory, I saw a vast white plain covered with morses. They were playing amongst themselves, and what we heard were bellowings of pleasure, not of anger. As I passed these curious animals I could examine them leisurely69, for they did not move. Their skins were thick and rugged70, of a yellowish tint71, approaching to red; their hair was short and scant72. Some of them were four yards and a quarter long. Quieter and less timid than their cousins of the north, they did not, like them, place sentinels round the outskirts73 of their encampment. After examining this city of morses, I began to think of returning. It was eleven o'clock, and, if Captain Nemo found the conditions favourable74 for observations, I wished to be present at the operation. We followed a narrow pathway running along the summit of the steep shore. At half-past eleven we had reached the place where we landed. The boat had run aground, bringing the Captain. I saw
him standing75 on a block of basalt, his instruments near him, his eyes fixed76 on the northern horizon, near which the sun was then describing a lengthened curve. I took my place beside him, and waited without speaking. Noon arrived, and, as before, the sun did not appear. It was a fatality77. Observations were still wanting. If not accomplished78 to-morrow, we must give up all idea of taking any. We were indeed exactly at the 20th of March. To-morrow, the 21st, would be the equinox; the sun would disappear behind the horizon for six months, and with its disappearance79 the long polar night would begin. Since the September equinox it had emerged from the northern horizon, rising by lengthened spirals up to the 21st of December. At this period, the summer solstice of the northern regions, it had begun to descend80; and to-morrow was to shed its last rays upon them. I communicated my fears and observations to Captain Nemo. "You are right, M. Aronnax," said he; "if to-morrow I cannot take the altitude of the sun, I shall not be able to do it for six months. But precisely81 because chance has led me into these seas on the 21st of March, my bearings will be easy to take, if at twelve we can see the sun." "Why, Captain?" "Because then the orb of day described such lengthened curves that it is difficult to measure exactly its height above the horizon, and grave errors may be made with instruments." "What will you do then?" "I shall only use my chronometer82," replied Captain Nemo. "If to-morrow, the 21st of March, the disc of the sun, allowing for refraction, is exactly cut by the northern horizon, it will show that I am at the South Pole." "Just so," said I. "But this statement is not mathematically correct, because the equinox does not necessarily begin at noon." "Very likely, sir; but the error will not be a hundred yards and we do not want more. Till to-morrow, then!" Captain Nemo returned on board. Conseil and I remained to survey the shore, observing and studying until five o'clock. Then I went to bed, not, however, wit
hout invoking83, like the Indian, the favour of the radiant orb. The next day, the 21st of March, at five in the morning, I mounted the platform. I found Captain Nemo there. "The weather is lightening a little," said he. "I have some hope. After breakfast we will go on shore and choose a post for observation." That point settled, I sought Ned Land. I wanted to take him with me. But the obstinate84 Canadian refused, and I saw that his taciturnity and his bad humour grew day by day. After all, I was not sorry for his obstinacy85 under the circumstances. Indeed, there were too many seals on shore, and we ought not to lay such temptation in this unreflecting fisherman's way. Breakfast over, we went on shore. The Nautilus had gone some miles further up in the night. It was a whole league from the coast, above which reared a sharp peak about five hundred yards high. The boat took with me Captain Nemo, two men of the crew, and the instruments, which consisted of a chronometer, a telescope, and a barometer86. While crossing, I saw numerous whales belonging to the three kinds peculiar to the southern seas; the whale, or the English "right whale," which has no dorsal87 fin; the "humpback," with reeved chest and large, whitish fins88, which, in spite of its name, do not form wings; and the fin-back, of a yellowish brown, the liveliest of all the cetacea. This powerful creature is heard a long way off when he throws to a great height columns of air and vapour, which look like whirlwinds of smoke. These different mammals were disporting89 themselves in troops in the quiet waters; and I could see that this basin of the Antarctic Pole serves as a place of refuge to the cetacea too closely tracked by the hunters. I also noticed large medusae floating between the reeds. At nine we landed; the sky was brightening, the clouds were flying to the south, and the fog seemed to be leaving the cold surface of the waters. Captain Nemo went towards the peak, which he doubtless meant to be his observatory90. It was a painful ascent91 over the sharp l
ava and the pumice-stones, in an atmosphere often impregnated with a sulphurous smell from the smoking cracks. For a man unaccustomed to walk on land, the Captain climbed the steep slopes with an agility92 I never saw equalled and which a hunter would have envied. We were two hours getting to the summit of this peak, which was half porphyry and half basalt. From thence we looked upon a vast sea which, towards the north, distinctly traced its boundary line upon the sky. At our feet lay fields of dazzling whiteness. Over our heads a pale azure93, free from fog. To the north the disc of the sun seemed like a ball of fire, already horned by the cutting of the horizon. From the bosom94 of the water rose sheaves of liquid jets by hundreds. In the distance lay the Nautilus like a cetacean asleep on the water. Behind us, to the south and east, an immense country and a chaotic95 heap of rocks and ice, the limits of which were not visible. On arriving at the summit Captain Nemo carefully took the mean height of the barometer, for he would have to consider that in taking his observations. At a quarter to twelve the sun, then seen only by refraction, looked like a golden disc shedding its last rays upon this deserted96 continent and seas which never man had yet ploughed. Captain Nemo, furnished with a lenticular glass which, by means of a mirror, corrected the refraction, watched the orb sinking below the horizon by degrees, following a lengthened diagonal. I held the chronometer. My heart beat fast. If the disappearance of the half-disc of the sun coincided with twelve o'clock on the chronometer, we were at the pole itself. "Twelve!" I exclaimed. "The South Pole!" replied Captain Nemo, in a grave voice, handing me the glass, which showed the orb cut in exactly equal parts by the horizon.
I looked at the last rays crowning the peak, and the shadows mounting by degrees up its slopes. At that moment Captain Nemo, resting with his hand on my shoulder, said: "I, Captain Nemo, on this 21st day of March, 1868, have reached the South Pole on the ninetieth degree; and I take possession of this part of the globe, equal to one-sixth of the known continents." "In whose name, Captain?" "In my own, sir!" Saying which, Captain Nemo unfurled a black banner, bearing an "N" in gold quartered on its bunting. Then, turning towards the orb of day, whose last rays lapped the horizon of the sea, he exclaimed: "Adieu, sun! Disappear, thou radiant orb! rest beneath this open sea, and let a night of six months spread its shadows over my new domains97!"
我飞跑到平台上去。
是的！自由通行的海。近边只有一些散乱的冰块和浮为的冰层，远方一片大海，空中是群鸟世界；水底下有千亿万的鱼类，水的颜色随深浅的不同，现出从深浓的靛蓝至橄览的青绿。温度表指着摄氏三度。对被关在这冰山后的天气来说，这好像是相对的春天，远远的冰群在北方天际露出面影 .“我们是在南极吗？"我问船长，同时心跳动不止。
“我不知道。"他回答我。"中午我没来测量方位。" "可是，太阳能穿过这些云雾吗？我眼看着灰色的天空说。
“只要露出一点就够了。，船长回答。
距诺第留斯号南方二海里，有一座孤立的小岛浮出，高两百米。我们向小岛走去，但很小心，因为这海中可能各处都有暗礁。
一小时质，我们到达小岛。又过两小时，我们就绕了小岛一·周。它周围四海里至五海里长。一条狭窄水道把它跟一片广大陆地分开，或者这是一个大洲，我们还不能望见它的界限。这片陆地的存在好像证明莫利的假设是对的。
的确，这位高明的美国学者指出，在南极和纬度60度中间，海上是浮动的冰群，这些冰群非常巨大，在大西洋北部从不能碰到。根据这个事实，他得出这个结论，南极圈中藏有大片的陆地，因为冰山不能在大海中间形成，只在近陆地的边岸才能存在。按照他购计算，遮覆南极的冰群形成一个球形的圆盖，这盖的宽大可能是四千公里。
可是，诺第留斯号怕搁浅，停在相距六米左右的滩前，有一片雄壮的岩石层高耸在滩上。小艇放到海中去。船长、他的两个船员带着各种器械，康塞尔和我，我们一齐上小艇去。时间是早晨十点、我没有看见尼德·兰。加拿大人一定不愿意承认南极是在他面前。桨划了几下，小艇就到了沙滩上，搁浅下来。康塞尔正要下地的时候，我把他拉住了。
“先生，”我对尼摩船长说，“第一次脚踩这陆地的光荣应该属于您。"“对，先生，，船长回答，“我所以一点不犹豫地脚踩这极圈的土地，是因为直到现在，还没有一个人留下他的脚迹在这陆地上。”卜说过这话，他轻快地跳在沙滩上。紧张激动的情绪使他的心跳得厉害。他攀上一块岩石、倾斜的岩石尽处是一个小呷，在呷上，他交叉着两只手，热情的眼光，不动，静戳。
他好像取得这些南极地方的所有权了。在这种极乐情绪中过了五分钟后，他向我们转过身千来；‘对我喊：“先生，您高兴就清上来。”
我跳下小艇，后面跟着康塞尔，那两个人留在艇中。
土质在很长的空间上现出锗红色的凝灰岩，就像一层层的砖石构成的一样。火山的烧石，喷出的火石，浮石的石屑遍布地上。人们不可能不认识这陆地的构成是火山的来源。在某些地方还有轻微的喷烟，发出硫磺气味，证明内部的火仍然保持着它伸张发展的力量。可是，我攀上一座高耸的悬崖，半径几海里的圆周内望不见火山。大家知道，在南极地带内，，詹姆斯·罗斯①在东经160度，纬度77度32分上，找到了还在活动的爱列贝斯和铁罗尔火山喷口。：这个荒凉大陆的植物看来是极端有限。一些单条黑色的苔藓品种丛生，铺在黑色岩石上。某种微生草木，原始硅藻，在两片介壳中间聚起来的石英质的细胞植物，真红和猩红的黑角菜，紧贴在退潮送到岸上来的鱼类上面，以上就是组成这个地方的整个植物界。
沿岸有一些软体动物，小砚、蛇类，心脏形的光滑贝，特别有那些长方形、膜质、头由两个圆突的耳叶形成的触须贝。我又看到有无数北方的触须贝，长三厘米；鲸鱼每一口就吞食它们一大群。这些美丽的翼步类动物，‘真正是海中的蝴蝶）使这海岸边缘的流动海水生动活泼起来、：植虫类里面出现在海底深处的，有些珊瑚树，根据詹姆斯、，罗斯盼观察，这些珊瑚树在南极海中，一直到一千米深处都可以生活。、其次，有属于海胞类的小翡翠珊瑚一以及这一带地区待有的许多海燕一和散布在地上的许多海星。
但生活丰富洋溢的地方是在空中小在空中，有无数种类不同的乌类飞翔上下，鸣声嘈杂，震聋了我们的耳朵6另有其他的鸟类拥挤在岩石上，它们一点不怕，看着我们走过）并且很亲热地聚在我们脚边。那是在水中也一样轻快和便捷的企鹅，有时人们把它们和迅速的辊鸟混同；但锟鸟在地上是不灵便和很笨的，、它们发出古怪的叫声、成群无数；，齐集一起，它们动作姿势很少，但叫喊却十分厉害！
在鸟类中间，我看见有涉水鸟科的南极水鸟。它们跟鸽子一般大校白色，有锥形的短嘴，、眼睛圈在红圈中、康塞尔捉这种鸟作食物，因为这类飞禽烹调得适当，是味道很美的食物。空中又有煤黑色的信天翁飞过，翼幅四米宽，它们也叫海鸳，’名称是很适当的，有巨大的海燕类，、其中有弓形海燕，翼作拱形，最喜欢吃海豹。有海棋鸟，是一种小鸭；身上带白色和黑色。最后，、有一组海燕类：，有的是灰白色，两翼边缘是栗子色，有的是蓝色，是南冰洋的特产。
我对康塞尔说：“灰白色的一种油脂很多。在费罗哀群岛①，人们在它们的腹部放上灯芯，就可以点燃起来。”
“差一点儿，”康塞尔回答，“它们就完全是一盏灯了这样看来，我们只有再要求大自然预先在它们身上准备一个灯芯好了！”
走过半海里后，地上现出许多短翼潜水鸟的鸟巢，这些巢是一种筑好来产卵的洞窟，从洞窟中飞出很多的潜水鸟。
尼摩船长在后来，打了好几百只这种鸟，因为它们的黑色的肉很可以吃。它们发出像驴叫的声音。这些鸟像我；一般的身材，身上是石板色，下面白色，颈上带柠檬色的花缘，就那“样让人拿石子打死，并不想法逃走。
可是，云雾并不散开，到十一点，太阳还不出来。太阳不出，使我心中焦急，没有太阳，不可能做各种观察。那么，怎样决定我们是到了南极呢？
当我回到尼摩船长那边的时候，我看他胳膊肘靠在一块岩石上，默不作声，眼盯着天空。看来他有些不耐烦，心中在生气。但有什么办法？这个胆大又强有力的人不能照他命令海洋那样指挥太阳。
中午到了，日光仍是一瞬也没有现出。人们甚至不可能认出它在这雾幕后面所在的位置。不久，雾又溶为雪花了。
“明天再来。”船长干脆对我说，同时我们看一下在那大气淋流中间的诺第留斯号。
当我们不在船上的时候，鱼网放下海中去了，我很感兴趣地观察人们刚拉上船来的鱼类。南极海水是大多数候鱼的藏身处，它们躲避纬度较低水层的风暴，转移到这边来。
可是它们往往又掉到海豚和海豹的嘴里去了。我看见有些南极的刺鳍鱼，长十厘米，是一种灰白色的软骨鱼，身上有斜横的淡白条带，并且生有尖刺，其次，见有南冰洋的软骨奇鱼，长三英尺，身子拉得很长，银白色和光滑的表皮，圆突的头，脊背上有三支鳍，嘴脸最前端是一支向嘴边弯过去的喇叭管。我尝过这种鱼的肉，我觉得平淡无味，但康塞尔的意见不同，他很喜欢吃。
暴风雪一直延长到第二天，站在平台上，简直不可能。
我在客厅中写我这次到南极大陆来旅行的事件，从厅中听到在大风雪中间飞翔上下的海燕和信天翁的号叫。诺第留斯号并不是停止不动，它沿着海岸驶去，在太阳掠过天际的时候所留下的曙光中间，再向南前进十海里左右。
第二天，3月20日，风雪停了。天气比较寒冷一些，温度表是零下二度。浓雾散开，我希望今天我们的方位观察可以做出来。
尼摩船长还没有出来，小艇先载了康塞尔和我，把我们送到陆地上去。地上的土质跟前面一样，是火山形成的。
到处都是火山喷发物，火山岩，玄武岩的遗迹，但我没有看见喷出这些岩石来的火口。这里跟前面一样，有无数的鸟类给南极大陆这一部分添了生动活泼的气象。但同时跟亡们一齐领有这块土地的，还有一大群海中哺乳类动物，这些动物拿它们的温和眼光盯着我们。那是各种不同的海豹。
有的躺在地上，有的睡在倾斜的冰块上，有些又从海中上来，或回到海中去。它们看见我们近前，并不逃走，因为它们从没有跟人打过交道，我看这里的海豹很多，可以装载好几百艘船。
时间是早晨八点。太阳可以供我们观察利用的时间只剩下四小时了。我向一处宽大的港湾一步步走去，湾作斩月形，在花岗石的悬崖中间。
在那里，我简直可以说，我们周围，陆地上和冰层上，一望无际都是被海中哺乳动物挤满了，我眼光不期然而然地找那老头蒲罗德，他是神话中给海神涅豆尼看守家畜群的老收人。海豹特别多。它们形成个别分开的队伍，雄的和雌的一起，父海豹关心它的家族，母海豹给它的小海豹喂奶，有些已经壮大的年轻海豹随意走开；在远一些的地方。
当这些哺乳动物要走动的时候，它们由于躯体的伸缩，一跳一跳地走，同时它们相当笨，拿它们的不发达的鳍来帮助走动，但这鳍在它们的同类海牛身上，就成为真正的前臂了。
我得说，它们在海水里面生活环境优越，这些脊骨活动，骨盘狭窄，毛又短又密，掌形脚的动物，是游泳的好手。当它门休息和在地上的时候，它们的姿态十分美观，使人喜欢。
我给康塞尔指出，这种聪明的鲸科动物，大脑叶特别发达。除了人类：任何哺乳类都没有这样丰富的脑髓神经。
因此，海豹可能接受某种程度的教育；它们容易驯养，成为家畜。我跟某些生物学家的意见相同，适当地把海豹训练起来，它们可以当作打鱼的猎狗，给人类服务，做许多有益的事。
大部分海豹睡在岩石，或者睡在沙地上。在这些真正的海豹中间，它们是没有外耳的——这一点它们跟有突出的外耳的海獭不同——我看见有好些海獭的变种，长三英尺，毛白色，猎狗一般的头，上下颚共有十枚牙齿，各有四枚门牙，两枚百合花形的大虎牙。在它们中间，又有海象踏来蹋去，这是带有活动的短鼻筒的海豹，是这种动物中最巨大的类型，周身二十英尺，长十英尺。它们看我们走近前去，动也不动。
“它们不是危险伤人的动物吗？”康塞尔问我。
“不，”我回答，“除非是人家要攻击它们。当一条海豹保卫它的子女的时候，它是愤怒得怕人，它把渔人的小船弄成碎片，并不是希罕的事。”
“那是它的正当权利。"康塞尔立即说。
“我没有说不是呀。”
再走两海里远，我们就被保护港湾不受南风吹打的尖峡挡住了。尖峡靠海矗立，回潮打来，泡沫飞溅，呷外有隆隆的吼叫声发出，就像一群牛羊反刍类可能发出的声响那么利害。
“怎么，”康塞尔说，“是水牛的音乐会吗？"“不，”我说，“是海马的音乐会。”
“它们打架吗？”
“它们或者是打架，或者是玩耍。”
“请先生原谅，我们应当去看一下。”
“我们应当去看一下，康塞尔。”
我们于是在意想不到的乱石间，被冰块弄得很滑溜的碎石上走过那些灰黑的岩石地。不止一次，我滑倒了，弄得腰部酸痛。康塞尔，或者是因为他比较小心，或者是因为他比较结实，没有摔过：他把我扶起来，说：“如果先生愿意把两腿挪开一些，先生就更能保持身体的平衡了。”
到了尖呷的高脊背上，我望见一片白色的广大平原，上面全是海马。这些海马正在成群玩耍，刚才听到的是它们的快乐的声音，不是它们愤怒的壕叫。
海马从躯体的外形上看，从四肢的安排上看，跟海豹很相象。可是它们的下鄂没有虎牙和门牙，至于上鄂的虎牙，那是两枚长八十厘米，下槽周圆三十三厘米的角牙，这些牙由致密无疵的牙质上成，比象牙更硬，又比较不易变黄。
是人们争求的珍品。因此这些海马受到意外过度的猎龋不久就要被消减到最后阶段了，因为打海马的猎人盲目屠杀，不管是有孕的母海马还是幼年海马，每年屠杀的数目超过四千条。
从这些新奇的动物旁边走过，我可以从容地考察它们，因为它们留在那里不动。它们的表皮很厚，多皱纹，色调是类似褚红的茶褐色，皮毛很短，并且很少。有些海马长至四米。它们比北冰洋的海马安静，胆大，它们并不委派特别选出来的哨兵来看守它们露营的周围。
考察了这所海马齐集的城市后，我就想回去了。时间是十一点了。如果尼摩船长觉得条件顺利，可以观察，那我要到他面前，看着他做。可是，我不敢希望这一天太阳会钻出来。重重积压在天边的浓云使它躲开了我们的眼睛。好像这十分珍重的太阳，不愿意在这地球上人迹不能到的地点，现出来给人们看。
可是，我想应当回诺第留斯号去了。我们沿着悬崖顶一条狭窄斜坡下去。十一点半，我们到了上陆的地点。搁浅在那里的小艇正把船长送上地来。我看见他站在一块玄武石岩上，他的器械放在他近边。他眼光盯着北方天际。，太阳在那边画出长长的曲线。
我站在他旁边，我等候着，不说话。正午到了，跟昨天一样，太阳不出来。这真是没办法的事。观察又不能做。
如果明天观察不能完成，那测定我们所在方位的事情，恐怕只好完全放弃了。
今天恰好是3月20日。明天21日是春分，析光作用映出的阳光不算，太阳以后就要没人水平线下，有六个月不能出来，太阳不见，极圈的长夜时期就开始了，从九月中的秋分日起，它在北方天际出现，沿着长长的螺旋线上升，直到12月21日。这个时候是北冰洋地区的夏至日，它又开始下降，明天就是它射出光线的最后一天了。
我把自己的意见和顾虑告诉尼摩船长，他对我说。
“您说得对，阿龙纳斯先生，如果明天我不能测量太阳的高度，我就不用能在六个月之内再做测量了。不过也正因为我这次航行的机会，3月21日把我带到这南极海中来如果太阳给我们现出来，我的方位是很容易测定的。"“船长，为什么呢？”
“因为，太阳沿着那么拉长的螺旋线走，想在水平线上确切测量它的高度，很是困难，仪器也容易犯严重的错误。”
“那么，您怎样来进行呢？”
“我只是使用我的航海时计，”尼摩船长回答我，“如果明天3月21日，折光作用估计在内，太阳圈轮正好切在北方的水平线上，那我就是在南极点上了。”
“是的，”我说，“不过这个测定从数学上看，并不是完全精确的，因为春分时间不一定是在正午。”
“当然，先生，但差数也不能过一百米，并且我们也不要更进一步的准确，那么，明天再来吧。”
尼摩船长转回船上去了。康塞尔和我，我们留到五点，在海滩上跑来跑去，作观察，作研究。我没有得到什么新奇的东西，就是拾得一个海枭的蛋，蛋特别大，一个珍奇收藏家可能出一千多法郎来收买。它的浅黄颜色，像用象形文字描绘在上面的线条和花纹，使它成为一件希有的珍玩。
我把它交给康塞尔，这个小心的孩子脚步很稳，把它拿在手中，像珍贵的中国瓷器一样，完整地带到诺第留斯号。
到了船上，我把蛋放在陈列室的一个玻璃橱中。我晚餐吃得很好，吃了一块海豹肝，味道很美，很像猪肝。然后我回房睡觉，睡的时候，像印度人那样，祈求太阳的恩惠，要它明天出来。
第二天，3月21日早晨五点，我走上平台，我看见尼摩船长已经在台上，他对我说：“天气清朗一些，太阳出来很有希望。早餐后，我们到地上去，选择一个地点，做我们的观察。”
这点确定后，我去找尼德·兰。我想拉他跟我一迈去。
固执的加拿大人拒绝了，我很看得出来，他的沉默跟他的坏脾气一样，一天一天增加了。本来，他在这种情况下表示固执不愿意去，我也并不惋惜。真的，地上海豹大多了，我们下应该拿它们来诱惑这个粗心不思考的打鱼人。
早餐完了，我就到地上去。诺第留斯号在夜间又向上前进了好几海里。船正在大海中，距岸整整有一里，岸上有高四百至五百米的尖峰矗立。小艇载了我和尼摩船长，两个船员，以及仪器，即航海时计、望远镜和晴雨表。
当我们的船走过的时候，我看见许多鲸鱼，它们是属于南极特有的三种鲸：平直鲸，没有脊鳍：驼背鲸，吐腹多皱折，宽大灰白色的绪，尽管它有这样的名字，隆起的背并不形成为翼；鳍背鲸，黄褐色，最活泼的鲸科动物。这些强大动物发出的声音远远就使人听到了，它们正把混有气体的水柱射人高空，好像喷出阵阵的浓烟。这些不同的哺乳类动物在安静的海水中往来玩耍，我看到，南极海水现在是成为过度受猎人追逐的鲸科动物的避难所了。
九点，我们靠岸了。天空洁朗起来，浓云向南飞走，雾也放弃了冰冷的水面。尼摩船长走向一座尖峰，他一定想在这座峰上做他的观察。我们是在充满喷火口所发出的流磺气体的大气中，沿着尖利的火石和浮石的石层，作艰苦的攀登。船长是一个已经不惯踩踏陆地的人，走上这些最陡峭的斜坡，轻便灵活，不单我不能比，就是追赶羚羊的猎人心中也要欣羡。
我们费了两个钟头，才到达这座云斑岩、玄武岩掺杂的尖峰上面。从上面看，我们的眼光望见一片广阔的海，海在北面天空中清楚现出它的最后界线来。我们脚下，是眩眼的光辉的白冰常我们头上，是从云雾中现出来的淡白的蔚蓝色。在北方，太阳的轮盘像一只火球一样，已经被水平线的锋刃削开一角了。海水中间，有美丽好看的喷水花束成千成百地放出来。远远的所在，是那诺第留斯号，像酣睡着的鲸科动物一样。在我们后面，东方和南方，有一片广阔的陆地，是望不见边际的岩石和冰群的凌乱层台。
尼摩船长走到峰顶上，拿晴雨表小心测量尖峰的高度，因为在他的观察中，峰高也要估计在内。
正午差一刻，单从折光作用看，太阳像金盘一样现出，它对这从没有人迹来过的海面，把它的最后光芒散在荒凉无人的大陆上。
尼摩船长戴上网形线望远镜，这镜利用一个镜面，可以改正折光作用，他观察那沿着一条拖拉得很长的对角线，渐渐沉入水平线下的太阳。我手拿着航海时计。我的心跳得厉害。如果太阳轮盘的一半隐没的时候，正好是航海时计指着正午，那我们就是在南极点上了。
“正午！”我喊。
"南极！，，尼摩船长用很严肃的声音回答，同时把望远镜给我，镜中显出的太阳正好在水平线上切成完全相等的两半。
我注视那照在尖峰顶上的最后阳光和那从尖峰层峦渐次上来的黑影。
这时候，尼摩船长手扶住我的肩头，对我说：“先生， 1600年，荷兰人叶里克被海浪和风暴所吹送，到了南纬64度，发现南设得兰群岛。1773年1月17日，著名的库克沿着东经38度，到达南纬67度30分； 1774年二月30日，他在西经109度上，到了南纬71度15分。
1819年，俄国人伯林哥生到了南纬69度上； 1821年，他在西经111度上，到了南纬66度。1820年，英国人布兰斯非尔在南纬65度上停下来。同年，美国人莫列尔，他的记述不可靠，从西经42度上溯，在纬度70度14分上发现自由流动的海。1825年，英国人包威尔到达南纬62度，不能超过。同年，一个不过是打海豹的渔人，英国人威德尔，在西经35度上，一直上到南纬72度14分，在西经36度上，一直上到南纬74度15分。1829年，英国人福斯脱指挥香特克利号，占领了南纬63度26分，西经63度26分的南冰洋大陆。1831年2月1日，英国人比斯哥在南纬68度50分发现恩德比地方； 1832年2月5日，他在南纬67度发现阿地拉衣地方；2月21日，在南纬64度45分发现格拉罕地方。1833年，法国人杜蒙·居维尔在南纬62度57分的冰山前面停住，交代了路易·菲力浦地方的位置：两年后，1月21日，到南方的另一尖点，南纬66度30分，他称为阿德利地方；八天后，到南纬64度40分，他名为克拉利海岸。
1838年，英国人威尔克斯在东经100度上前进到南纬69度。1839年，英国人巴连尼在南极圈的边界上发现了沙布利邓地方。最后，1842年，英国人詹姆斯·罗斯走上爱列贝斯山和铁罗尔山， 1月12日，在南纬76度56分，东经 171度7分发现维多利亚地方；同月23 R，他测定南纬74度的方位，这是当时可以达到的最高点了，27日他到达南纬76度8分，28日，到南纬77度32分，2月2日，到南纬 78度4分， 1842年，他回到他不能越过的南纬71度上来。
那么，现在，我，尼摩船长， 1866年3月21日，我在南纬90度上到达了南极点，我占领了面积等于人所知道的大陆六分之一的这一部分地球上的土地。”
“船长，您用谁的名字呢？”
“先生，我用我的名字！”
说这话的时候，尼摩船长展开一面黑旗，旗中间有一个金黄的N字。然后，回过身来，他面对着最后光芒正射在大海水平线上的太阳，喊道。
“再见，太阳！沉下去吧，光辉的金球！你安息在这个自由的海底下吧，让六个月的长夜把它的阴影遮覆在我的新领土上吧！”
收听单词发音 |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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icebergs
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| n.冰山，流冰( iceberg的名词复数 ) | |
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iceberg
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| n.冰山，流冰，冷冰冰的人 | |
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myriads
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| n.无数，极大数量( myriad的名词复数 ) | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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lengthened
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| （时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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circumference
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| n.圆周，周长，圆周线 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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strand
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| vt.使（船）搁浅，使（某人）困于（某地） | |
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oar
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| n.桨，橹，划手；v.划行 | |
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ashore
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| adv.在(向)岸上，上岸 | |
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promontory
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| n.海角；岬 | |
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ecstasy
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| n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷 | |
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16
lava
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| n.熔岩，火山岩 | |
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volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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18
radius
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| n.半径，半径范围；有效航程，范围，界限 | |
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19
crater
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| n.火山口，弹坑 | |
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craters
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| n.火山口( crater的名词复数 )；弹坑等 | |
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21
meridian
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| adj.子午线的；全盛期的 | |
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22
latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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23
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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24
lichens
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| n.地衣( lichen的名词复数 ) | |
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25
microscopic
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| adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的 | |
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26
quartz
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| n.石英 | |
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scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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28
flora
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| n.(某一地区的)植物群 | |
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29
shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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30
abounded
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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deafening
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| adj. 振耳欲聋的, 极喧闹的 动词deafen的现在分词形式 | |
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32
penguins
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| n.企鹅( penguin的名词复数 ) | |
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33
agile
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| adj.敏捷的，灵活的 | |
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34
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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35
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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36
lighting
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| n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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riddled
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| adj.布满的；充斥的；泛滥的v.解谜，出谜题(riddle的过去分词形式) | |
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braying
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| v.发出驴叫似的声音( bray的现在分词 )；发嘟嘟声；粗声粗气地讲话（或大笑）；猛击 | |
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vexed
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| adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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41
orb
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| n.太阳；星球；v.弄圆；成球形 | |
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atmospheric
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| adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的 | |
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disturbances
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| n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 )；打扰；困扰；障碍 | |
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44
vomited
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45
flakes
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| 小薄片( flake的名词复数 )； （尤指）碎片； 雪花； 古怪的人 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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granite
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| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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aver
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| v.极力声明；断言；确证 | |
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mythological
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| adj.神话的 | |
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50
Neptune
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| n.海王星 | |
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51
contraction
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| n.缩略词，缩写式，害病 | |
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52
fin
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| n.鳍；(飞机的)安定翼 | |
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spine
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| n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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expressive
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| adj.表现的，表达…的，富于表情的 | |
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voluptuous
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| adj.肉欲的，骄奢淫逸的 | |
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57
mermaid
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| n.美人鱼 | |
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58
lobes
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| n.耳垂( lobe的名词复数 )；（器官的）叶；肺叶；脑叶 | |
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domesticated
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| adj.喜欢家庭生活的；（指动物）被驯养了的v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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naturalists
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| n.博物学家( naturalist的名词复数 )；（文学艺术的）自然主义者 | |
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61
otter
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| n.水獭 | |
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jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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canine
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| adj.犬的，犬科的 | |
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glided
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| v.滑动( glide的过去式和过去分词 )；掠过；（鸟或飞机 ） 滑翔 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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equilibrium
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| n.平衡，均衡，相称，均势，平静 | |
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ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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leisurely
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| adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的 | |
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rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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71
tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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scant
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| adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略 | |
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73
outskirts
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| n.郊外，郊区 | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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76
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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77
fatality
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| n.不幸，灾祸，天命 | |
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78
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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79
disappearance
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| n.消失，消散，失踪 | |
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80
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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81
precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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82
chronometer
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| n.精密的计时器 | |
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83
invoking
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| v.援引( invoke的现在分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求 | |
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84
obstinate
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| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
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85
obstinacy
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| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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86
barometer
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| n.气压表，睛雨表，反应指标 | |
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87
dorsal
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| adj.背部的，背脊的 | |
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88
fins
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| [医]散热片；鱼鳍；飞边；鸭掌 | |
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disporting
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| v.嬉戏，玩乐，自娱( disport的现在分词 ) | |
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observatory
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| n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台 | |
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91
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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92
agility
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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93
azure
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| adj.天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的 | |
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94
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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95
chaotic
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| adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的 | |
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96
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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domains
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| n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产 | |
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