“Such was the history of my beloved cottagers. It impressed me deeply. I learned, from the views of social life which it developed, to admire their virtues2 and to deprecate the vices4 of mankind.
“As yet I looked upon crime as a distant evil, benevolence5 and generosity6 were ever present before me, inciting7 within me a desire to become an actor in the busy scene where so many admirable qualities were called forth8 and displayed. But in giving an account of the progress of my intellect, I must not omit a circumstance which occurred in the beginning of the month of August of the same year.
“One night during my accustomed visit to the neighbouring wood where I collected my own food and brought home firing for my protectors, I found on the ground a leathern portmanteau containing several articles of dress and some books. I eagerly seized the prize and returned with it to my hovel. Fortunately the books were written in the language, the elements of which I had acquired at the cottage; they consisted of Paradise Lost, a volume of Plutarch’s Lives, and the Sorrows of Werter. The possession of these treasures gave me extreme delight; I now continually studied and exercised my mind upon these histories, whilst my friends were employed in their ordinary occupations.
“I can hardly describe to you the effect of these books. They produced in me an infinity9 of new images and feelings, that sometimes raised me to ecstasy10, but more frequently sunk me into the lowest dejection. In the Sorrows of Werter, besides the interest of its simple and affecting story, so many opinions are canvassed11 and so many lights thrown upon what had hitherto been to me obscure subjects that I found in it a never-ending source of speculation12 and astonishment13. The gentle and domestic manners it described, combined with lofty sentiments and feelings, which had for their object something out of self, accorded well with my experience among my protectors and with the wants which were forever alive in my own bosom14. But I thought Werter himself a more divine being than I had ever beheld15 or imagined; his character contained no pretension16, but it sank deep. The disquisitions upon death and suicide were calculated to fill me with wonder. I did not pretend to enter into the merits of the case, yet I inclined towards the opinions of the hero, whose extinction17 I wept, without precisely18 understanding it.
“As I read, however, I applied19 much personally to my own feelings and condition. I found myself similar yet at the same time strangely unlike to the beings concerning whom I read and to whose conversation I was a listener. I sympathized with and partly understood them, but I was unformed in mind; I was dependent on none and related to none. “The path of my departure was free,” and there was none to lament20 my annihilation. My person was hideous21 and my stature22 gigantic. What did this mean? Who was I? What was I? Whence did I come? What was my destination? These questions continually recurred23, but I was unable to solve them.
“The volume of Plutarch’s Lives which I possessed24 contained the histories of the first founders25 of the ancient republics. This book had a far different effect upon me from the Sorrows of Werter. I learned from Werter’s imaginations despondency and gloom, but Plutarch taught me high thoughts; he elevated me above the wretched sphere of my own reflections, to admire and love the heroes of past ages. Many things I read surpassed my understanding and experience. I had a very confused knowledge of kingdoms, wide extents of country, mighty26 rivers, and boundless27 seas. But I was perfectly28 unacquainted with towns and large assemblages of men. The cottage of my protectors had been the only school in which I had studied human nature, but this book developed new and mightier29 scenes of action. I read of men concerned in public affairs, governing or massacring their species. I felt the greatest ardour for virtue1 rise within me, and abhorrence30 for vice3, as far as I understood the signification of those terms, relative as they were, as I applied them, to pleasure and pain alone. Induced by these feelings, I was of course led to admire peaceable lawgivers, Numa, Solon, and Lycurgus, in preference to Romulus and Theseus. The patriarchal lives of my protectors caused these impressions to take a firm hold on my mind; perhaps, if my first introduction to humanity had been made by a young soldier, burning for glory and slaughter31, I should have been imbued32 with different sensations.
“But Paradise Lost excited different and far deeper emotions. I read it, as I had read the other volumes which had fallen into my hands, as a true history. It moved every feeling of wonder and awe33 that the picture of an omnipotent34 God warring with his creatures was capable of exciting. I often referred the several situations, as their similarity struck me, to my own. Like Adam, I was apparently35 united by no link to any other being in existence; but his state was far different from mine in every other respect. He had come forth from the hands of God a perfect creature, happy and prosperous, guarded by the especial care of his Creator; he was allowed to converse36 with and acquire knowledge from beings of a superior nature, but I was wretched, helpless, and alone. Many times I considered Satan as the fitter emblem37 of my condition, for often, like him, when I viewed the bliss38 of my protectors, the bitter gall39 of envy rose within me.
“Another circumstance strengthened and confirmed these feelings. Soon after my arrival in the hovel I discovered some papers in the pocket of the dress which I had taken from your laboratory. At first I had neglected them, but now that I was able to decipher the characters in which they were written, I began to study them with diligence. It was your journal of the four months that preceded my creation. You minutely described in these papers every step you took in the progress of your work; this history was mingled40 with accounts of domestic occurrences. You doubtless recollect41 these papers. Here they are. Everything is related in them which bears reference to my accursed origin; the whole detail of that series of disgusting circumstances which produced it is set in view; the minutest description of my odious42 and loathsome43 person is given, in language which painted your own horrors and rendered mine indelible. I sickened as I read. ‘Hateful day when I received life!’ I exclaimed in agony. ‘Accursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even YOU turned from me in disgust? God, in pity, made man beautiful and alluring44, after his own image; but my form is a filthy45 type of yours, more horrid46 even from the very resemblance. Satan had his companions, fellow devils, to admire and encourage him, but I am solitary47 and abhorred48.’
“These were the reflections of my hours of despondency and solitude49; but when I contemplated50 the virtues of the cottagers, their amiable51 and benevolent52 dispositions53, I persuaded myself that when they should become acquainted with my admiration54 of their virtues they would compassionate56 me and overlook my personal deformity. Could they turn from their door one, however monstrous57, who solicited58 their compassion55 and friendship? I resolved, at least, not to despair, but in every way to fit myself for an interview with them which would decide my fate. I postponed59 this attempt for some months longer, for the importance attached to its success inspired me with a dread60 lest I should fail. Besides, I found that my understanding improved so much with every day’s experience that I was unwilling61 to commence this undertaking62 until a few more months should have added to my sagacity.
“Several changes, in the meantime, took place in the cottage. The presence of Safie diffused63 happiness among its inhabitants, and I also found that a greater degree of plenty reigned64 there. Felix and Agatha spent more time in amusement and conversation, and were assisted in their labours by servants. They did not appear rich, but they were contented65 and happy; their feelings were serene66 and peaceful, while mine became every day more tumultuous. Increase of knowledge only discovered to me more clearly what a wretched outcast I was. I cherished hope, it is true, but it vanished when I beheld my person reflected in water or my shadow in the moonshine, even as that frail68 image and that inconstant shade.
“I endeavoured to crush these fears and to fortify69 myself for the trial which in a few months I resolved to undergo; and sometimes I allowed my thoughts, unchecked by reason, to ramble70 in the fields of Paradise, and dared to fancy amiable and lovely creatures sympathizing with my feelings and cheering my gloom; their angelic countenances72 breathed smiles of consolation73. But it was all a dream; no Eve soothed74 my sorrows nor shared my thoughts; I was alone. I remembered Adam’s supplication75 to his Creator. But where was mine? He had abandoned me, and in the bitterness of my heart I cursed him.
“Autumn passed thus. I saw, with surprise and grief, the leaves decay and fall, and nature again assume the barren and bleak76 appearance it had worn when I first beheld the woods and the lovely moon. Yet I did not heed77 the bleakness78 of the weather; I was better fitted by my conformation for the endurance of cold than heat. But my chief delights were the sight of the flowers, the birds, and all the gay apparel of summer; when those deserted79 me, I turned with more attention towards the cottagers. Their happiness was not decreased by the absence of summer. They loved and sympathized with one another; and their joys, depending on each other, were not interrupted by the casualties that took place around them. The more I saw of them, the greater became my desire to claim their protection and kindness; my heart yearned80 to be known and loved by these amiable creatures; to see their sweet looks directed towards me with affection was the utmost limit of my ambition. I dared not think that they would turn them from me with disdain81 and horror. The poor that stopped at their door were never driven away. I asked, it is true, for greater treasures than a little food or rest: I required kindness and sympathy; but I did not believe myself utterly82 unworthy of it.
“The winter advanced, and an entire revolution of the seasons had taken place since I awoke into life. My attention at this time was solely83 directed towards my plan of introducing myself into the cottage of my protectors. I revolved84 many projects, but that on which I finally fixed85 was to enter the dwelling86 when the blind old man should be alone. I had sagacity enough to discover that the unnatural87 hideousness88 of my person was the chief object of horror with those who had formerly89 beheld me. My voice, although harsh, had nothing terrible in it; I thought, therefore, that if in the absence of his children I could gain the good will and mediation90 of the old De Lacey, I might by his means be tolerated by my younger protectors.
“One day, when the sun shone on the red leaves that strewed91 the ground and diffused cheerfulness, although it denied warmth, Safie, Agatha, and Felix departed on a long country walk, and the old man, at his own desire, was left alone in the cottage. When his children had departed, he took up his guitar and played several mournful but sweet airs, more sweet and mournful than I had ever heard him play before. At first his countenance71 was illuminated92 with pleasure, but as he continued, thoughtfulness and sadness succeeded; at length, laying aside the instrument, he sat absorbed in reflection.
“My heart beat quick; this was the hour and moment of trial, which would decide my hopes or realize my fears. The servants were gone to a neighbouring fair. All was silent in and around the cottage; it was an excellent opportunity; yet, when I proceeded to execute my plan, my limbs failed me and I sank to the ground. Again I rose, and exerting all the firmness of which I was master, removed the planks93 which I had placed before my hovel to conceal94 my retreat. The fresh air revived me, and with renewed determination I approached the door of their cottage.
“I knocked. ‘Who is there?’ said the old man. ‘Come in.’
“I entered. ‘Pardon this intrusion,’ said I; ‘I am a traveller in want of a little rest; you would greatly oblige me if you would allow me to remain a few minutes before the fire.’
“‘Enter,’ said De Lacey, ‘and I will try in what manner I can to relieve your wants; but, unfortunately, my children are from home, and as I am blind, I am afraid I shall find it difficult to procure95 food for you.’
“‘Do not trouble yourself, my kind host; I have food; it is warmth and rest only that I need.’
“I sat down, and a silence ensued. I knew that every minute was precious to me, yet I remained irresolute96 in what manner to commence the interview, when the old man addressed me. ‘By your language, stranger, I suppose you are my countryman; are you French?’
“‘No; but I was educated by a French family and understand that language only. I am now going to claim the protection of some friends, whom I sincerely love, and of whose favour I have some hopes.’
“‘Are they Germans?’
“‘No, they are French. But let us change the subject. I am an unfortunate and deserted creature, I look around and I have no relation or friend upon earth. These amiable people to whom I go have never seen me and know little of me. I am full of fears, for if I fail there, I am an outcast in the world forever.’
“‘Do not despair. To be friendless is indeed to be unfortunate, but the hearts of men, when unprejudiced by any obvious self-interest, are full of brotherly love and charity. Rely, therefore, on your hopes; and if these friends are good and amiable, do not despair.’
“‘They are kind — they are the most excellent creatures in the world; but, unfortunately, they are prejudiced against me. I have good dispositions; my life has been hitherto harmless and in some degree beneficial; but a fatal prejudice clouds their eyes, and where they ought to see a feeling and kind friend, they behold97 only a detestable monster.’
“‘That is indeed unfortunate; but if you are really blameless, cannot you undeceive them?’
“‘I am about to undertake that task; and it is on that account that I feel so many overwhelming terrors. I tenderly love these friends; I have, unknown to them, been for many months in the habits of daily kindness towards them; but they believe that I wish to injure them, and it is that prejudice which I wish to overcome.’
“‘Where do these friends reside?’
“‘Near this spot.’
“The old man paused and then continued, ‘If you will unreservedly confide98 to me the particulars of your tale, I perhaps may be of use in undeceiving them. I am blind and cannot judge of your countenance, but there is something in your words which persuades me that you are sincere. I am poor and an exile, but it will afford me true pleasure to be in any way serviceable to a human creature.’
“‘Excellent man! I thank you and accept your generous offer. You raise me from the dust by this kindness; and I trust that, by your aid, I shall not be driven from the society and sympathy of your fellow creatures.’
“‘Heaven forbid! Even if you were really criminal, for that can only drive you to desperation, and not instigate99 you to virtue. I also am unfortunate; I and my family have been condemned100, although innocent; judge, therefore, if I do not feel for your misfortunes.’
“‘How can I thank you, my best and only benefactor101? From your lips first have I heard the voice of kindness directed towards me; I shall be forever grateful; and your present humanity assures me of success with those friends whom I am on the point of meeting.’
“‘May I know the names and residence of those friends?’ “I paused. This, I thought, was the moment of decision, which was to rob me of or bestow102 happiness on me forever. I struggled vainly for firmness sufficient to answer him, but the effort destroyed all my remaining strength; I sank on the chair and sobbed103 aloud. At that moment I heard the steps of my younger protectors. I had not a moment to lose, but seizing the hand of the old man, I cried, ‘Now is the time! Save and protect me! You and your family are the friends whom I seek. Do not you desert me in the hour of trial!’
“‘Great God!’ exclaimed the old man. ‘Who are you?’
“At that instant the cottage door was opened, and Felix, Safie, and Agatha entered. Who can describe their horror and consternation104 on beholding105 me? Agatha fainted, and Safie, unable to attend to her friend, rushed out of the cottage. Felix darted106 forward, and with supernatural force tore me from his father, to whose knees I clung, in a transport of fury, he dashed me to the ground and struck me violently with a stick. I could have torn him limb from limb, as the lion rends107 the antelope108. But my heart sank within me as with bitter sickness, and I refrained. I saw him on the point of repeating his blow, when, overcome by pain and anguish109, I quitted the cottage, and in the general tumult67 escaped unperceived to my hovel.”
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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inciting
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| 刺激的，煽动的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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infinity
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| n.无限，无穷，大量 | |
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ecstasy
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| n.狂喜，心醉神怡，入迷 | |
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canvassed
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| v.（在政治方面）游说( canvass的过去式和过去分词 )；调查（如选举前选民的）意见；为讨论而提出（意见等）；详细检查 | |
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speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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pretension
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| n.要求；自命，自称；自负 | |
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extinction
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| n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种 | |
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precisely
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| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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lament
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| n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹 | |
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hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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recurred
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| 再发生，复发( recur的过去式和过去分词 )； 治愈 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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founders
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| n.创始人( founder的名词复数 ) | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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mightier
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| adj. 强有力的，强大的，巨大的 adv. 很，极其 | |
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abhorrence
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| n.憎恶；可憎恶的事 | |
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slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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imbued
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| v.使（某人/某事）充满或激起（感情等）( imbue的过去式和过去分词 )；使充满；灌输；激发（强烈感情或品质等） | |
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awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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omnipotent
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| adj.全能的，万能的 | |
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apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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converse
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| vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反 | |
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emblem
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| n.象征，标志；徽章 | |
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bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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gall
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| v.使烦恼，使焦躁，难堪；n.磨难 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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odious
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| adj.可憎的，讨厌的 | |
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loathsome
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| adj.讨厌的，令人厌恶的 | |
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alluring
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| adj.吸引人的，迷人的 | |
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filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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abhorred
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| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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contemplated
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| adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式 | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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compassionate
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| adj.有同情心的，表示同情的 | |
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monstrous
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| adj.巨大的；恐怖的；可耻的，丢脸的 | |
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solicited
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| v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 | |
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postponed
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| vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发） | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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69
fortify
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| v.强化防御，为…设防；加强，强化 | |
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70
ramble
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| v.漫步，漫谈，漫游；n.漫步，闲谈，蔓延 | |
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71
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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countenances
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| n.面容( countenance的名词复数 )；表情；镇静；道义支持 | |
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73
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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74
soothed
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| v.安慰( soothe的过去式和过去分词 )；抚慰；使舒服；减轻痛苦 | |
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supplication
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| n.恳求，祈愿，哀求 | |
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76
bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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78
bleakness
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| adj. 萧瑟的, 严寒的, 阴郁的 | |
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79
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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80
yearned
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| 渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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81
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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82
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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83
solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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84
revolved
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| v.（使）旋转( revolve的过去式和过去分词 )；细想 | |
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85
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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86
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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87
unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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88
hideousness
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89
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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90
mediation
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| n.调解 | |
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91
strewed
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| v.撒在…上( strew的过去式和过去分词 )；散落于；点缀；撒满 | |
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92
illuminated
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| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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93
planks
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| （厚）木板( plank的名词复数 )； 政纲条目，政策要点 | |
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conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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95
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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96
irresolute
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| adj.无决断的，优柔寡断的，踌躇不定的 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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98
confide
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| v.向某人吐露秘密 | |
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99
instigate
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| v.教唆，怂恿，煽动 | |
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100
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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101
benefactor
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| n. 恩人，行善的人，捐助人 | |
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102
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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103
sobbed
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| 哭泣，啜泣( sob的过去式和过去分词 )； 哭诉，呜咽地说 | |
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104
consternation
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| n.大为吃惊，惊骇 | |
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105
beholding
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| v.看，注视( behold的现在分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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106
darted
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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107
rends
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| v.撕碎( rend的第三人称单数 )；分裂；（因愤怒、痛苦等而）揪扯（衣服或头发等）；（声音等）刺破 | |
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108
antelope
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| n.羚羊；羚羊皮 | |
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109
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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