I walk in the world's great highways,
In the dusty glare and riot,
But my heart is in the byways
That thread across the quiet;
By the wild flowers in the coppice,
There the track like a sleep goes past,
And paven with peace and poppies,
Comes down to the sea at last.
E. G. Buckeridge.
Modern Weymouth is made up of two distinct townships, Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, which were formerly1 separate boroughs2, with their own parliamentary representatives. Of the two Weymouth is probably the older, but Melcombe can be traced well-nigh back to the Conquest; and now, although it is the name of Weymouth that has obtained the prominence3, it is to Melcombe that it is commonly applied4. Many visitors to Weymouth never really enter the real, ancient Weymouth, now chiefly concerned in the brewing5 of Dorset ale. The pier6, town, railway station and residences are all in Melcombe Regis. The local conditions are something more than peculiar7. The little River Wey has an estuary8 altogether out of proportion to its tiny stream, called the Blackwater. The true original Weymouth stands on the right bank of the estuary at its entrance into Weymouth Bay. Across the mouth of the estuary, leaving a narrow channel only open, stretches a narrow spit of land, on which stands Melcombe. The Blackwater has thus a lake-like character, and its continuation to the sea, the harbour, may be likened to a canal. The local annals of the kingdom can hardly furnish such another instance of jealous rivalry9 as the strife10 between the two boroughs. Barely a stone's-throw apart, they were the most quarrelsome of neighbours, and for centuries lived the most persistent11 "cat and dog" life. Whatever was advanced by one community was certain to be opposed by the other, and not even German and English hated each other with a more perfect hatred12 than did the burgesses of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis. As they would not live happy single, it was resolved to try what married life would do, and so in 1571 the two corporations were rolled into one, the only vestige13 of the old days retained being the power of electing four members to Parliament from the joint14 municipality—a right which was exercised until 1832. Not until the union was the old-fashioned ferry over the Wey supplemented by a bridge, the predecessor15 of that which now joins the two divisions of the dual16 town. The union proved to be a success, and in this way Weymouth saved both itself and its name from becoming merely a shadow and a memory.
It is to George III. that Weymouth must be eternally grateful, for just in the same way as George IV. turned Brighthelmstone into Brighton, it was George III. who made Weymouth. Of course there was a Weymouth long before his day, but whatever importance it once possessed18 had long disappeared when he took it up. For many years the King spent long summer holidays at Gloucester Lodge19, a mansion20 facing the sea, and now the sedate21 Gloucester Hotel.
Considering its undoubted age, Weymouth is remarkably22 barren in traces of the past, and a few Elizabethan houses, for the most part modernised, well-nigh exhaust its antiquities23.
Weymouth, which figures as "Budmouth" in Hardy24's romances, is the subject of many references. Uncle Bengy, in The Trumpet25 Major, found Budmouth a plaguy expensive place, for "If you only eat one egg, or even a poor windfall of an apple, you've got to pay; and a bunch of radishes is a halfpenny, and a quart o' cider tuppence three-farthings at lowest reckoning. Nothing without paying!"
When George III. and the sun of prosperity shone upon the tradesfolk of Weymouth the spirit of pecuniary26 gain soon became rampant27. The inflated28 prices which so roused poor old Uncle Bengy even staggered Queen Charlotte, and "Peter Pindar" (Dr John Wolcot) criticised her household thriftiness29 in bringing stores and provisions from Windsor:
"Bread, cheese, salt, catchup, vinegar and mustard,
Small beer and bacon, apple pie and custard;
For Weymouth is a d——d expensive place."
Sandsfoot Castle, built by Henry VIII., on the southern shore of the spit of land called the Nothe, Weymouth Bay, is now a mere17 pile of corroded31 stone. It was built as a fort when England feared an invasion prompted by the Pope. The old pile plays a prominent part in Hardy's The Well-Beloved. The statue of King George, which is such an object of ridicule32 to the writers of guide-books, was the meeting-place of Fancy Day and Dick Dewy in Under the Greenwood Tree.
The "Budmouth" localities mentioned in The Trumpet Major are: the Quay33; Theatre Royal; Barracks; Gloucester Lodge; and the Old Rooms Inn in Love Row, once a highly fashionable resort which was used for dances and other entertainments by the ladies and gentlemen who formed the Court of George III. It was also the spot where the battle of Trafalgar was discussed in The Dynasts. However, the old assembly rooms and the theatre have now vanished. Mention of Hardy's tremendous drama reminds me that it is rarely quoted in topographical works on Dorset, and yet it is full of the spirit and atmosphere of Wessex. Thus in a few words he tells us what "Boney" seemed like to the rustics34 of Dorset:
"Woman (in undertones). I can tell you a word or two on't. It is about His victuals35. They say that He lives upon human flesh, and has rashers o' baby every morning for breakfast—for all the world like the Cernel Giant in old ancient times!
"Second Old Man. I only believe half. And I only own—such is my challengeful character—that perhaps He do eat pagan infants when He's in the desert. But not Christian36 ones at home. Oh no—'tis too much!
"Woman. Whether or no, I sometimes—God forgi'e me!—laugh wi' horror at the queerness o't, till I am that weak I can hardly go round house. He should have the washing of 'em a few times; I warrent 'a wouldn't want to eat babies any more!"
There are a hundred clean-cut, bright things in The Dynasts, and some of the songs are so cunningly fashioned that we know the author must surely have overheard them so often that they have become part of his life. Does the reader remember this from the first volume?—
And the Back-sea met the Front-sea, and our doors were blocked with sand,
And we heard the drub of Dead-man's Bay, where bones of thousands are,
We knew not what the day had done for us at Trafalgar.
(All) Had done,
Had done
For us at Trafalgar!"
"When we lay where Budmouth Beach is,
Oh, the girls were fresh as peaches,
With their tall and tossing figures and their eyes of blue and brown!
As we passed from our sing-songing,
With a smart Clink! Clink! up the Esplanade and down."
The principal attraction of Weymouth is its magnificent bay, which has caused the town to be depicted41 on the railway posters as the "Naples of England"; but Mr Harper, in his charming book, The Hardy Country, cruelly remarks that no one has yet found Naples returning the compliment and calling itself the "Weymouth of Italy." But there is no need for Weymouth to[Pg 153] powder and paint herself with fanciful attractions, for her old-world glamour42 is full of enchantment43. The pure Georgian houses on the Esplanade, with their fine bow windows and red-tiled roofs, are very warm and homely44, and remind one of the glories of the coaching days. They are guiltless of taste or elaboration, it is true, but they have an honest savour about them which is redolent of William Cobbett, pig-skin saddles, real ale and baked apples. And those are some of the realest things in the world. There is a distinct "atmosphere" about the shops near the harbour too. They shrink back from the footpath45 in a most timid way, and each year they seem to settle down an inch or so below the street-level, with the result that they are often entered by awkward steps.
Near the Church of St Mary is the Market, which on Fridays and Tuesdays presents a scene of colour and activity. In the Guildhall are several interesting relics46, the old stocks and whipping-posts, a chest captured from the Spanish Armada and a chair from the old house of the Dominican friars which was long ago demolished47.
Preston, three miles north-east of Weymouth, is a prettily48 situated49 village on the main road to Wareham, with interesting old thatched cottages and a fifteenth-century church containing an[Pg 154] ancient font, a Norman door, holy-water stoups and squint50. At the foot of the hill a little one-arched bridge over the stream was once regarded as Roman masonry51, but the experts now think it is Early Norman work. Adjoining Preston is the still prettier village of Sutton Poyntz, hemmed52 in by the Downs, on the side of which, in a conspicuous53 position, is the famous figure, cut in the turf, of King George III. on horseback. He looks very impressive, with his cocked hat and marshal's baton54. Sutton Poyntz is the principal locale of Hardy's story of The Trumpet Major. The tale is of a sweet girl, Anne Garland, and two brothers Loveday, who loved her; the "gally-bagger" sailor, Robert, who won her, and John, the easy-going, gentle soldier, who lost her. The Trumpet Major is a mellow55, loamy novel, and the essence of a century of sunshine has found its way into the pages. Even the pensiveness56 of the story—the sadness of love unsatisfied—is mellow. The village to-day, with its tree-shaded stream, crooked57 old barns and stone cottages, recalls the spirit of the novel with Overcombe Mill as a central theme. How vividly58 the pilgrim can recall the Mill, with its pleasant rooms, old-world garden, and the stream where the cavalry59 soldiers came down to water their horses! It was a dearly loved corner of England for John Loveday, and if to keep those meadows safe and fair a life was required, he was perfectly60 willing to pay the price—nay, more, he was proud and glad to do so. In the end John was killed in one of the battles of the Peninsular War, and his spirit is echoed by a soldier poet who went to his death in 1914:
"Mayhap I shall not walk again
Down Dorset way, down Devon way.
Nor pick a posy in a lane
Down Somerset and Sussex way.
But though my bones, unshriven, rot
In some far-distant alien spot,
What soul I have shall rest from care
To know that meadows still are fair
Down Dorset way, down Devon way."
The mill is not the one sketched61 in the tale, but it still grinds corn, and one can still see "the smooth mill-pond, over-full, and intruding62 into the hedge and into the road." The real mill is actually at Upwey.
Bincombe, two miles north-east of Upwey, is one of the "outstep placen," where the remnants of dialect spoken in the days of Wessex kings is not quite dead, and as we go in and out among the old cottages we come upon many a word which has now been classed by annotators as "obsolete63." "I'd as lief be wooed of a snail," says Rosalind in As You Like It of the tardy64 Orlando, and "I'd as lief" or "I'd liefer" is still heard here in Bincombe. There is a large survival of pure Saxon in the Wessex speech, and Thomas Hardy has made a brave attempt to preserve the old local words in his novels. He has always deplored65 the fact that schools were driving out the racy Saxon words of the West Country, and once remarked to a friend:
"I have no sympathy with the criticism which would treat English as a dead language—a thing crystallised at an arbitrarily selected stage of its existence, and bidden to forget that it has a past and deny that it has a future. Purism, whether in grammar or vocabulary, almost always means ignorance. Language was made before grammar, not grammar before language. And as for the people who make it their business to insist on the utmost possible impoverishment66 of our English vocabulary, they seem to me to ignore the lessons of history, science, and common sense.
"It has often seemed to me a pity, from many points of view—and from the point of view of language among the rest—that Winchester did not remain, as it once was, the royal, political, and social capital of England, leaving London to be the commercial capital. The relation between them might have been something like that between Paris and Marseilles or Havre; and perhaps, in that case, neither of them would have[Pg 157] been so monstrously67 overgrown as London is to-day. We should then have had a metropolis68 free from the fogs of the Thames Valley; situated, not on clammy clay, but on chalk hills, the best soil in the world for habitation; and we might have preserved in our literary language a larger proportion of the racy Saxon of the West Country. Don't you think there is something in this?"
Returning from Bincombe and passing through Sutton to Preston we come in a mile to Osmington. A short distance beyond the village a narrow road leads off seawards to Osmington Mills. Crossing the hills, this narrower road descends69 to the coast and the Picnic Inn—a small hostelry noted70 for "lobster71 lunches" and "prawn72 teas." If we strike inland from Osmington we come to Poxwell, the old manor73-house of the Hennings, a curiously74 walled-in building with a very interesting gate-house. This is the Oxwell Manor of The Trumpet Major and the house of Benjamin Derriman—"a wizened75 old gentleman, in a coat the colour of his farmyard, breeches of the same hue76, unbuttoned at the knees, revealing a bit of leg above his stocking and a dazzlingly white shirt-frill to compensate77 for this untidiness below. The edge of his skull78 round his eye-sockets was visible through the skin, and he walked with great apparent difficulty."
Pressing onward79 from this village, we arrive, after a two-mile walk, at "Warm'ell Cross," three miles south-west of Moreton station. The left road leads to Dorchester, the right one to Wareham, and the centre one across the immemorially ancient and changeless "Egdon Heath." Here we turn to the right and Owermoigne, the "Nether80 Mynton" in which the events of The Distracted Preacher take place. Here indeed is a nook which seems to be a survival from another century; a patch of England of a hundred years ago set down in the England of to-day. The church where Lizzie Newberry and her smugglers stored "the stuff" is hidden from those who pass on the highroad and is reached by a little rutty, crooked lane. The body of the church has been rebuilt, but the tower where the smugglers looked down upon the coastguard officers searching for their casks of brandy remains81 the same.
The highway leads for two miles along the verge82 of Egdon Heath, and then we come to a right-hand turning taking us past Winfrith Newburgh and over the crest83 of the chalk downs steeply down to West Lulworth.
Lulworth Cove84 is justly considered one of the most delightful85 and picturesque86 retreats on the coast. It is a circular little basin enclosed by towering cliffs of chalk and sand and entered by a narrow opening between two bluffs87 of Portland stone. It exhibits a section of all the beds between the chalk and oolite, and owes its peculiar form to the unequal resistance of these strata88 to the action of the sea. The perpetually moving water, having once pierced the cliff of stone, soon worked its way deeply into the softer sand and chalk.
Lulworth is the "Lullstead Cove" of the Hardy novels. Here Sergeant Troy was supposed to have been drowned; it is one of the landing-places chosen by the Distracted Preacher's parishioners during their smuggling89 exploits, and in Desperate Remedies it is the first meeting-place of Cynthera Graye and Edward Springrove.
The cove is most conveniently reached from Swanage by steamer. By rail the journey is made to Wool and thence by bus for five miles southward. By road the short way is by Church Knowle, Steeple, Tyneham and East Lulworth—but the hills are rather teasing; however, the views are wonderful. It is nine miles if one takes the Wareham road from Corfe as far as Stoborough, there turning to the left for East Holme, West Holme and East Lulworth.
The entrance to the cove from the Channel is a narrow opening in the cliff, which here rises straight from the sea. Mounted on a summit on the eastern side of the breach90 is a coastguard's look-out, while in a hollow on the other side are the remains of Little Bindon Abbey. The cove is an almost perfect circle, and in summer the tide, as it flows in, fills the white cove with a shimmering91 sheet of light blue water. Each wave breaks the surface into a huge circle, and the effect from the heights is a succession of wonderful sparkling rings vanishing into the yellow sands. To the east rise the ridges92 of Bindon Hill and the grey heights of Portland stone that terminate seaward in the Mupe Rocks, then the towering mass of Ring's Hill, crowned by the large oblong entrenchment93 known as Flower's Barrow, which has probably been both a British and a Roman camp.
In the summer steamers call daily at the cove. The landing is effected by means of boats or long gangways. After having climbed the hill roads into Lulworth, the pilgrim will not, I am certain, look with any delight upon a return to them, and will welcome an alternative trip to Swanage, Weymouth or Bournemouth by an excursion steamer.
Portisham, under the bold, furzy hills that rise to the commanding height of Blackdown, appears in The Trumpet Major as the village to which Bob Loveday (who was spasmodically in love with Anne Garland) comes to attach himself to Admiral Hardy for service in the Royal Navy. Notwithstanding the fact that Robert Loveday is merely an imaginary character, the admiral was a renowned94 hero in real life, and no less a personage than Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy. He lived here, in a picturesque old house just outside the village, and the chimney-like tower on Black Down was erected95 to his memory. In a garden on the opposite side of the road to Hardy's house is a sundial, inscribed96:
JOSEPH HARDY, ESQ.
KINGSTON RUSSELL, LAT. 50° 45'
1769
FUGIO FUGE
Admiral Hardy was born at Kingston Russell, and his old home at Portisham is still in the possession of a descendant on the female side.
From Portisham a walk of four miles leads to Abbotsbury, situated at the verge of the Vale of Wadden and the Chesil Beach. The railway station is about ten minutes' walk from the ancient village, which consists of a few houses picturesquely97 dotted around the church and scattered98 ruins of the Abbey of St Peter. The abbey was originally founded in King Knut's reign99 by Arius, the "house-carl," or steward100, to the king, about 1044, in the reign of Edward the Confessor. The building at the south-east corner of the church is part of the old abbey. It is now used as a carpenter's shop, but an old stoup can be seen in the corner. At the farther end of this building is a cell in which the last abbot is said to have been starved to death.
A gate-house porch and a buttressed101 granary of fourteenth-century architecture, still used as a barn, and a pond, with a tree-covered island, the ancient fish-pond of the monks102, are all that remain to remind us of the historic past of this spot.
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1 formerly | |
adv.从前,以前 | |
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2 boroughs | |
(尤指大伦敦的)行政区( borough的名词复数 ); 议会中有代表的市镇 | |
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3 prominence | |
n.突出;显著;杰出;重要 | |
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4 applied | |
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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5 brewing | |
n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式 | |
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6 pier | |
n.码头;桥墩,桥柱;[建]窗间壁,支柱 | |
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7 peculiar | |
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的 | |
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8 estuary | |
n.河口,江口 | |
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9 rivalry | |
n.竞争,竞赛,对抗 | |
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10 strife | |
n.争吵,冲突,倾轧,竞争 | |
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11 persistent | |
adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的 | |
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12 hatred | |
n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨 | |
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13 vestige | |
n.痕迹,遗迹,残余 | |
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14 joint | |
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合 | |
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15 predecessor | |
n.前辈,前任 | |
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16 dual | |
adj.双的;二重的,二元的 | |
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17 mere | |
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18 possessed | |
adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的 | |
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19 lodge | |
v.临时住宿,寄宿,寄存,容纳;n.传达室,小旅馆 | |
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20 mansion | |
n.大厦,大楼;宅第 | |
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21 sedate | |
adj.沉着的,镇静的,安静的 | |
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22 remarkably | |
ad.不同寻常地,相当地 | |
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23 antiquities | |
n.古老( antiquity的名词复数 );古迹;古人们;古代的风俗习惯 | |
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24 hardy | |
adj.勇敢的,果断的,吃苦的;耐寒的 | |
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25 trumpet | |
n.喇叭,喇叭声;v.吹喇叭,吹嘘 | |
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26 pecuniary | |
adj.金钱的;金钱上的 | |
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27 rampant | |
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28 inflated | |
adj.(价格)飞涨的;(通货)膨胀的;言过其实的;充了气的v.使充气(于轮胎、气球等)( inflate的过去式和过去分词 );(使)膨胀;(使)通货膨胀;物价上涨 | |
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29 thriftiness | |
节俭,节约 | |
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30 frugal | |
adj.节俭的,节约的,少量的,微量的 | |
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31 corroded | |
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32 ridicule | |
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33 quay | |
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34 rustics | |
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35 victuals | |
n.食物;食品 | |
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36 Christian | |
adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒 | |
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37 raved | |
v.胡言乱语( rave的过去式和过去分词 );愤怒地说;咆哮;痴心地说 | |
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38 ballad | |
n.歌谣,民谣,流行爱情歌曲 | |
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39 sergeant | |
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40 longing | |
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41 depicted | |
描绘,描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 ); 描述 | |
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42 glamour | |
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43 enchantment | |
n.迷惑,妖术,魅力 | |
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44 homely | |
adj.家常的,简朴的;不漂亮的 | |
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45 footpath | |
n.小路,人行道 | |
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46 relics | |
[pl.]n.遗物,遗迹,遗产;遗体,尸骸 | |
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v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 );推翻;拆毁(尤指大建筑物);吃光 | |
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48 prettily | |
adv.优美地;可爱地 | |
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49 situated | |
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50 squint | |
v. 使变斜视眼, 斜视, 眯眼看, 偏移, 窥视; n. 斜视, 斜孔小窗; adj. 斜视的, 斜的 | |
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51 masonry | |
n.砖土建筑;砖石 | |
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52 hemmed | |
缝…的褶边( hem的过去式和过去分词 ); 包围 | |
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53 conspicuous | |
adj.明眼的,惹人注目的;炫耀的,摆阔气的 | |
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54 baton | |
n.乐队用指挥杖 | |
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55 mellow | |
adj.柔和的;熟透的;v.变柔和;(使)成熟 | |
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56 pensiveness | |
n.pensive(沉思的)的变形 | |
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57 crooked | |
adj.弯曲的;不诚实的,狡猾的,不正当的 | |
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58 vividly | |
adv.清楚地,鲜明地,生动地 | |
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59 cavalry | |
n.骑兵;轻装甲部队 | |
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60 perfectly | |
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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61 sketched | |
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62 intruding | |
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63 obsolete | |
adj.已废弃的,过时的 | |
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64 tardy | |
adj.缓慢的,迟缓的 | |
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65 deplored | |
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66 impoverishment | |
n.贫穷,穷困;贫化 | |
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67 monstrously | |
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68 metropolis | |
n.首府;大城市 | |
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69 descends | |
v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 );下去;下降;下斜 | |
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70 noted | |
adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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71 lobster | |
n.龙虾,龙虾肉 | |
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72 prawn | |
n.对虾,明虾 | |
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73 manor | |
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74 curiously | |
adv.有求知欲地;好问地;奇特地 | |
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75 wizened | |
adj.凋谢的;枯槁的 | |
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76 hue | |
n.色度;色调;样子 | |
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77 compensate | |
vt.补偿,赔偿;酬报 vi.弥补;补偿;抵消 | |
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78 skull | |
n.头骨;颅骨 | |
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79 onward | |
adj.向前的,前进的;adv.向前,前进,在先 | |
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80 nether | |
adj.下部的,下面的;n.阴间;下层社会 | |
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81 remains | |
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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82 verge | |
n.边,边缘;v.接近,濒临 | |
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83 crest | |
n.顶点;饰章;羽冠;vt.达到顶点;vi.形成浪尖 | |
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84 cove | |
n.小海湾,小峡谷 | |
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85 delightful | |
adj.令人高兴的,使人快乐的 | |
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86 picturesque | |
adj.美丽如画的,(语言)生动的,绘声绘色的 | |
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87 bluffs | |
恐吓( bluff的名词复数 ); 悬崖; 峭壁 | |
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88 strata | |
n.地层(复数);社会阶层 | |
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89 smuggling | |
n.走私 | |
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90 breach | |
n.违反,不履行;破裂;vt.冲破,攻破 | |
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91 shimmering | |
v.闪闪发光,发微光( shimmer的现在分词 ) | |
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92 ridges | |
n.脊( ridge的名词复数 );山脊;脊状突起;大气层的)高压脊 | |
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93 entrenchment | |
n.壕沟,防御设施 | |
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94 renowned | |
adj.著名的,有名望的,声誉鹊起的 | |
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95 ERECTED | |
adj. 直立的,竖立的,笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立,建立 | |
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96 inscribed | |
v.写,刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 );内接 | |
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97 picturesquely | |
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98 scattered | |
adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的 | |
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99 reign | |
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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100 steward | |
n.乘务员,服务员;看管人;膳食管理员 | |
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101 buttressed | |
v.用扶壁支撑,加固( buttress的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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102 monks | |
n.修道士,僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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