In looking over the earlier portion of this correspondence, I am struck afresh by the absence of hope, which formed such a strong characteristic in Charlotte. At an age when girls, in general, look forward to an eternal duration of such feelings as they or their friends entertain, and can therefore see no hindrance10 to the fulfilment of any engagements dependent on the future state of the affections, she is surprised that “E.” keeps her promise to write. In after-life, I was painfully impressed with the fact, that Miss Brontë never dared to allow herself to look forward with hope; that she had no confidence in the future; and I thought, when I heard of the sorrowful years she had passed through, that it had been this this pressure of grief which had crushed all buoyancy of expectation out of her. But it appears from the letters, that it must have been, so to speak, constitutional; or, perhaps, the deep pang12 of losing her two elder sisters combined with a permanent state of bodily weakness in producing her hopelessness. If her trust in God had been less strong, she would have given way to unbounded anxiety, at many a period of her life. As it was, we shall see, she made a great and successful effort to leave “her times in His hands.”
After her return home, she employed herself in teaching her sisters, over whom she had had superior advantages. She writes thus, July 21st, 1832, of her course of life at the parsonage:—
“An account of one day is an account of all. In the morning, from nine o’clock till half-past twelve, I instruct my sisters, and draw; then we walk till dinner-time. After dinner I sew till tea-time, and after tea I either write, read, or do a little fancy-work, or draw, as I please. Thus, in one delightful13, though somewhat monotonous14 course, my life is passed. I have been only out twice to tea since I came home. We are expecting company this afternoon, and on Tuesday next we shall have all the female teachers of the Sunday-school to tea.”
I may here introduce a quotation15 from a letter which I have received from “Mary” since the publication of the previous editions of this memoir16.
“Soon after leaving school she admitted reading something of Cobbett’s. ‘She did not like him,’ she said; ‘but all was fish that came to her net.’ At this time she wrote to me that reading and drawing were the only amusements she had, and that her supply of books was very small in proportion to her wants. She never spoke17 of her aunt. When I saw Miss Branwell she was a very precise person, and looked very odd, because her dress, &c., was so utterly18 out of fashion. She corrected one of us once for using the word ‘spit’ or ‘spitting.’ She made a great favourite of Branwell. She made her nieces sew, with purpose or without, and as far as possible discouraged any other culture. She used to keep the girls sewing charity clothing, and maintained to me that it was not for the good of the recipients19, but of the sewers20. ‘It was proper for them to do it,’ she said. Charlotte never was ‘in wild excitement’ that I know of. When in health she used to talk better, and indeed when in low spirits never spoke at all. She needed her best spirits to say what was in her heart, for at other times she had not courage. She never gave decided21 opinions at such times . . .
“Charlotte said she could get on with any one who had a bump at the top of their heads (meaning conscientiousness). I found that I seldom differed from her, except that she was far too tolerant of stupid people, if they had a grain of kindness in them.”
It was about this time that Mr. Brontë provided his children with a teacher in drawing, who turned out to be a man of considerable talent, but very little principle. Although they never attained22 to anything like proficiency23, they took great interest in acquiring this art; evidently, from an instinctive24 desire to express their powerful imaginations in visible forms. Charlotte told me, that at this period of her life, drawing, and walking out with her sisters, formed the two great pleasures and relaxations25 of her day.
The three girls used to walk upwards26 toward the “purple-black” moors27, the sweeping28 surface of which was broken by here and there a stone-quarry; and if they had strength and time to go far enough, they reached a waterfall, where the beck fell over some rocks into the “bottom.” They seldom went downwards29 through the village. They were shy of meeting even familiar faces, and were scrupulous30 about entering the house of the very poorest uninvited. They were steady teachers at the Sunday-School, a habit which Charlotte kept up very faithfully, even after she was left alone; but they never faced their kind voluntary, and always preferred the solitude31 and freedom of the moors.
* * * * *
In the September of this year, Charlotte went to pay her first visit to her friend “E.” It took her into the neighbourhood of Roe Head, and brought her into pleasant contact with many of her old school-fellows. After this visit she and her friend seem to have agreed to correspond in French, for the sake of improvement in the language. But this improvement could not be great, when it could only amount to a greater familiarity with dictionary words, and when there was no one to explain to them that a verbal translation of English idioms hardly constituted French composition; but the effort was laudable, and of itself shows how willing they both were to carry on the education which they had begun under Miss W-. I will give an extract which, whatever may be thought of the language, is graphic32 enough, and presents us with a happy little family picture; the eldest33 sister returning home to the two younger, after a fortnight’s absence.
“J’arrivait à Haworth en parfaite sauveté sans le moindre accident ou malheur. Mes petites sœurs couraient hors de la maison pour me rencontrer aussitôt que la voiture se fit voir, et elles m’embrassaient avec autant d’empressement et de plaisir comme si j’avais été absente pour plus d’an. Mon Papa, ma Tante, et le monsieur dent11 men frère avoit parlé, furent tous assemblés dans le Salon34, et en peu de temps je m’y rendis aussi. C’est souvent l’ordre du Ciel que quand on a perdu un plaisir il y en a un autre prêt à prendre sa place. Ainsi je venois de partir de très-chers amis, mais tout35 à l’heure je revins à des parens aussi chers et bon dans le moment. Même que vous me perdiez (ose-je croire que mon départ vous était un chagrin36?) vous attendites l’arrivée de votre frère, et de votre sœur. J’ai donné à mes sœurs les pommes que vous leur envoyiez avec tant de bonté; elles disent qu’elles sont sûr que Mademoiselle E. est très-aimable et bonne; l’une et l’autre sont extrêmement impatientes de vous voir; j’espère qu’en peu de mois elles auront ce plaisir.”
But it was some time yet before the friends could meet, and meanwhile they agreed to correspond once a month. There were no events to chronicle in the Haworth letters. Quiet days, occupied in reaching, and feminine occupations in the house, did not present much to write about; and Charlotte was naturally driven to criticise37 books.
Of these there were many in different plights39, and according to their plight38, kept in different places. The well-bound were ranged in the sanctuary40 of Mr. Brontë’s study; but the purchase of books was a necessary luxury to him, but as it was often a choice between binding41 an old one, or buying a new one, the familiar volume, which had been hungrily read by all the members of the family, was sometimes in such a condition that the bedroom shelf was considered its fitting place. Up and down the house were to be found many standard works of a solid kind. Sir Walter Scott’s writings, Wordsworth’s and Southey’s poems were among the lighter42 literature; while, as having a character of their own—earnest, wild, and occasionally fanatical—may be named some of the books which came from the Branwell side of the family—from the Cornish followers43 of the saintly John Wesley—and which are touched on in the account of the works to which Caroline Helstone had access in “Shirley:”—“Some venerable Lady’s Magazines, that had once performed a voyage with their owner, and undergone a storm”—(possibly part of the relics44 of Mrs. Brontë’s possessions, contained in the ship wrecked45 on the coast of Cornwall)—“and whose pages were stained with salt water; some mad Methodist Magazines full of miracles and apparitions46, and preternatural warnings, ominous47 dreams, and frenzied48 fanaticisms; and the equally mad letters of Mrs. Elizabeth Rowe from the Dead to the Living.”
Mr. Brontë encouraged a taste for reading in his girls; and though Miss Branwell kept it in due bounds, by the variety of household occupations, in which she expected them not merely to take a part, but to become proficients50, thereby51 occupying regularly a good portion of every day, they were allowed to get books from the circulating library at Keighley; and many a happy walk, up those long four miles, must they have had, burdened with some new book, into which they peeped as they hurried home. Not that the books were what would generally be called new; in the beginning of 1833, the two friends seem almost simultaneously52 to have fallen upon “Kenilworth,” and Charlotte writes as follows about it:—
“I am glad you like ‘Kenilworth;’ it is certainly more resembling a romance than a novel: in my opinion, one of the most interesting works that ever emanated53 from the great Sir Walter’s pen. Varney is certainly the personification of consummate54 villainy; and in the delineation55 of his dark and profoundly artful mind, Scott exhibits a wonderful knowledge of human nature, as well as a surprising skill in embodying56 his perceptions, so as to enable others to become participators in that knowledge.”
Commonplace as this extract may seem, it is noteworthy on two or three accounts: in the first place, instead of discussing the plot or story, she analyses the character of Varney; and next, she, knowing nothing of the world, both from her youth and her isolated57 position, has yet been so accustomed to hear “human nature” distrusted, as to receive the notion of intense and artful villainy without surprise.
What was formal and set in her way of writing to “E.” diminished as their personal acquaintance increased, and as each came to know the home of the other; so that small details concerning people and places had their interest and their significance. In the summer of 1833, she wrote to invite her friend to come and pay her a visit. “Aunt thought it would be better” (she says) “to defer58 it until about the middle of summer, as the winter, and even the spring seasons, are remarkably59 cold and bleak60 among our mountains.”
The first impression made on the visitor by the sisters of her school-friend was, that Emily was a tall, long-armed girl, more fully6 grown than her elder sister; extremely reserved in manner. I distinguish reserve from shyness, because I imagine shyness would please, if it knew how; whereas, reserve is indifferent whether it pleases or not. Anne, like her eldest sister, was shy; Emily was reserved.
Branwell was rather a handsome boy, with “tawny” hair, to use Miss Brontë’s phrase for a more obnoxious61 colour. All were very clever, original, and utterly different to any people or family “E.” had ever seen before. But, on the whole, it was a happy visit to all parties. Charlotte says, in writing to “E.,” just after her return home—“Were I to tell you of the impression you have made on every one here, you would accuse me of flattery. Papa and aunt are continually adducing you as an example for me to shape my actions and behaviour by. Emily and Anne say ‘they never saw any one they liked so well as you.’ And Tabby, whom you have absolutely fascinated, talks a great deal more nonsense about your ladyship than I care to repeat. It is now so dark that, notwithstanding the singular property of seeing in the night-time, which the young ladies at Roe Head used to attribute to me, I can scribble63 no longer.”
To a visitor at the parsonage, it was a great thing to have Tabby’s good word. She had a Yorkshire keenness of perception into character, and it was not everybody she liked.
Haworth is built with an utter disregard of all sanitary64 conditions: the great old churchyard lies above all the houses, and it is terrible to think how the very water-springs of the pumps below must be poisoned. But this winter of 1833-4 was particularly wet and rainy, and there were an unusual number of deaths in the village. A dreary65 season it was to the family in the parsonage: their usual walks obstructed66 by the spongy state of the moors—the passing and funeral bells so frequently tolling67, and filling the heavy air with their mournful sound—and, when they were still, the “chip, chip,” of the mason, as he cut the grave-stones in a shed close by. In many, living, as it were, in a churchyard, and with all the sights and sounds connected with the last offices to the dead things of everyday occurrence, the very familiarity would have bred indifference68. But it was otherwise with Charlotte Brontë. One of her friends says:—“I have seen her turn pale and feel faint when, in Hartshead church, some one accidentally remarked that we were walking over graves. Charlotte was certainly afraid of death. Not only of dead bodies, or dying people. She dreaded70 it as something horrible. She thought we did not know how long the ‘moment of dissolution’ might really be, or how terrible. This was just such a terror as only hypochondriacs can provide for themselves. She told me long ago that a misfortune was often preceded by the dream frequently repeated which she gives to ‘Jane Eyre,’ of carrying a little wailing71 child, and being unable to still it. She described herself as having the most painful sense of pity for the little thing, lying inert72, as sick children do, while she walked about in some gloomy place with it, such as the aisle73 of Haworth Church. The misfortunes she mentioned were not always to herself. She thought such sensitiveness to omens74 was like the cholera75, present to susceptible76 people,—some feeling more, some less.”
About the beginning of 1834, “E.” went to London for the first time. The idea of her friend’s visit seems to have stirred Charlotte strangely. She appears to have formed her notions of its probable consequences from some of the papers in the “British Essayists,” “The Rambler,” “The Mirror,” or “The Lounger,” which may have been among the English classics on the parsonage bookshelves; for she evidently imagines that an entire change of character for the worse is the usual effect of a visit to “the great metropolis77,” and is delighted to find that “E.” is “E.” still. And, as her faith in her friend’s stability is restored, her own imagination is deeply moved by the idea of what great wonders are to be seen in that vast and famous city.
“Haworth, February 20th, 1834.
“Your letter gave me real and heartfelt pleasure, mingled78 with no small share of astonishment79. Mary had previously80 informed me of your departure for London, and I had not ventured to calculate on any communication from you while surrounded by the splendours and novelties of that great city, which has been called the mercantile metropolis of Europe. Judging from human nature, I thought that a little country girl, for the first time in a situation so well calculated to excite curiosity, and to distract attention, would lose all remembrance, for a time at least, of distant and familiar objects, and give herself up entirely81 to the fascination82 of those scenes which were then presented to her view. Your kind, interesting, and most welcome epistle showed me, however, that I had been both mistaken and uncharitable in these suppositions. I was greatly amused at the tone of nonchalance83 which you assumed, while treating of London and its wonders. Did you not feel awed84 while gazing at St. Paul’s and Westminster Abbey? Had you no feeling of intense and ardent85 interest, when in St. James’s you saw the palace where so many of England’s kings have held their courts, and beheld86 the representations of their persons on the walls? You should not be too much afraid of appearing country-bred; the magnificence of London has drawn87 exclamations88 of astonishment from travelled men, experienced in the world, its wonders and beauties. Have you yet seen anything of the great personages whom the sitting of Parliament now detains in London—the Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, Earl Grey, Mr. Stanley, Mr. O’Connell? If I were you, I would not be too anxious to spend my time in reading whilst in town. Make use of your own eyes for the purposes of observation now, and, for a time at least, lay aside the spectacles with which authors would furnish us.”
In a postscript89 she adds:—
“Will you be kind enough to inform me of the number of performers in the King’s military band?”
And in something of the same strain she writes on
“June 19th.
“My own Dear E.,
“I may rightfully and truly call you so now. You have returned or are returning from London—from the great city which is to me as apocryphal90 as Babylon, or Nineveh, or ancient Rome. You are withdrawing from the world (as it is called), and bringing with you—if your letters enable me to form a correct judgment—a heart as unsophisticated, as natural, as true, as that you carried there. I am slow, very slow, to believe the protestations of another; I know my own sentiments, I can read my own mind, but the minds of the rest of man and woman kind are to me sealed volumes, hieroglyphical91 scrolls92, which I cannot easily either unseal or decipher. Yet time, careful study, long acquaintance, overcome most difficulties; and, in your case, I think they have succeeded well in bringing to light and construing93 that hidden language, whose turnings, windings94, inconsistencies, and obscurities, so frequently baffle the researches of the honest observer of human nature . . . I am truly grateful for your mindfulness of so obscure a person as myself, and I hope the pleasure is not altogether selfish; I trust it is partly derived95 from the consciousness that my friend’s character is of a higher, a more steadfast96 order than I was once perfectly5 aware of. Few girls would have done as you have done—would have beheld the glare, and glitter, and dazzling display of London with dispositions97 so unchanged, heart so uncontaminated. I see no affectation in your letters, no trifling98, no frivolous99 contempt of plain, and weak admiration100 of showy persons and things.”
In these days of cheap railway trips, we may smile at the idea of a short visit to London having any great effect upon the character, whatever it may have upon the intellect. But her London—her great apocryphal city—was the “town” of a century before, to which giddy daughters dragged unwilling101 papas, or went with injudicious friends, to the detriment103 of all their better qualities, and sometimes to the ruin of their fortunes; it was the Vanity Fair of the “Pilgrim’s Progress” to her.
But see the just and admirable sense with which she can treat a subject of which she is able to overlook all the bearings.
“Haworth, July 4th, 1834.
“In your last, you request me to tell you of your faults. Now, really, how can you be so foolish! I won’t tell you of your faults, because I don’t know them. What a creature would that be, who, after receiving an affectionate and kind letter from a beloved friend, should sit down and write a catalogue of defects by way of answer! Imagine me doing so, and then consider what epithets104 you would bestow105 on me. Conceited106, dogmatical, hypocritical, little humbug107, I should think, would be the mildest. Why, child! I’ve neither time nor inclination108 to reflect on your faults when you are so far from me, and when, besides, kind letters and presents, and so forth109, are continually bringing forth your goodness in the most prominent light. Then, too, there are judicious102 relations always round you, who can much better discharge that unpleasant office. I have no doubt their advice is completely at your service; why then should I intrude110 mine? If you will not hear them, it will be vain though one should rise from the dead to instruct you. Let us have no more nonsense, if you love me. Mr. --- is going to be married, is he? Well, his wife elect appeared to me to be a clever and amiable111 lady, as far as I could judge from the little I saw of her, and from your account. Now to that flattering sentence must I tack112 on a list of her faults? You say it is in contemplation for you to leave ---. I am sorry for it. --- is a pleasant spot, one of the old family halls of England, surrounded by lawn and woodland, speaking of past times, and suggesting (to me at least) happy feelings. M. thought you grown less, did she? I am not grown a bit, but as short and dumpy as ever. You ask me to recommend you some books for your perusal113. I will do so in as few words as I can. If you like poetry, let it be first-rate; Milton, Shakspeare, Thomson, Goldsmith, Pope (if you will, though I don’t admire him), Scott, Byron, Campbell, Wordsworth, and Southey. Now don’t be startled at the names of Shakspeare and Byron. Both these were great men, and their works are like themselves. You will know how to choose the good, and to avoid the evil; the finest passages are always the purest, the bad are invariably revolting; you will never wish to read them over twice. Omit the comedies of Shakspeare, and the Don Juan, perhaps the Cain, of Byron, though the latter is a magnificent poem, and read the rest fearlessly; that must indeed be a depraved mind which can gather evil from Henry VIII., from Richard III., from Macbeth, and Hamlet, and Julius Cæsar. Scott’s sweet, wild, romantic poetry can do you no harm. Nor can Wordsworth’s, nor Campbell’s, nor Southey’s—the greatest part at least of his; some is certainly objectionable. For history, read Hume, Rollin, and the Universal History, if you can; I never did. For fiction, read Scott alone; all novels after his are worthless. For biography, read Johnson’s Lives of the Poets, Boswell’s Life of Johnson, Southey’s Life of Nelson, Lockhart’s Life of Burns, Moore’s Life of Sheridan, Moore’s Life of Byron, Wolfe’s Remains114. For natural history, read Bewick and Audubon, and Goldsmith and White’s history of Selborne. For divinity, your brother will advise you there. I can only say, adhere to standard authors, and avoid novelty.”
From this list, we see that she must have had a good range of books from which to choose her own reading. It is evident, that the womanly consciences of these two correspondents were anxiously alive to many questions discussed among the stricter religionists. The morality of Shakspeare needed the confirmation115 of Charlotte’s opinion to the sensitive “E.;” and a little later, she inquired whether dancing was objectionable, when indulged in for an hour or two in parties of boys and girls. Charlotte replies, “I should hesitate to express a difference of opinion from Mr. ---, or from your excellent sister, but really the matter seems to me to stand thus. It is allowed on all hands, that the sin of dancing consists not in the mere49 action of ‘shaking the shanks’ (as the Scotch116 say), but in the consequences that usually attend it; namely, frivolity117 and waste of time; when it is used only, as in the case you state, for the exercise and amusement of an hour among young people (who surely may without any breach118 of God’s commandments be allowed a little light-heartedness), these consequences cannot follow. Ergo (according to my manner of arguing), the amusement is at such times perfectly innocent.”
Although the distance between Haworth and B--- was but seventeen miles, it was difficult to go straight from the one to the other without hiring a gig or vehicle of some kind for the journey. Hence a visit from Charlotte required a good deal of pre-arrangement. The Haworth gig was not always to be had; and Mr. Brontë was often unwilling to fall into any arrangement for meeting at Bradford or other places, which would occasion trouble to others. The whole family had an ample share of that sensitive pride which led them to dread69 incurring119 obligations, and to fear “outstaying their welcome” when on any visit. I am not sure whether Mr. Brontë did not consider distrust of others as a part of that knowledge of human nature on which he piqued120 himself. His precepts121 to this effect, combined with Charlotte’s lack of hope, made her always fearful of loving too much; of wearying the objects of her affection; and thus she was often trying to restrain her warm feelings, and was ever chary122 of that presence so invariably welcome to her true friends. According to this mode of acting123, when she was invited for a month, she stayed but a fortnight amidst “E.’s” family, to whom every visit only endeared her the more, and by whom she was received with that kind of quiet gladness with which they would have greeted a sister.
She still kept up her childish interest in politics. In March, 1835, she writes: “What do you think of the course politics are taking? I make this enquiry, because I now think you take a wholesome124 interest in the matter; formerly125 you did not care greatly about it. B., you see, is triumphant126. Wretch127! I am a hearty128 hater, and if there is any one I thoroughly129 abhor130, it is that man. But the Opposition131 is divided, Red-hots, and Luke-warms; and the Duke (par excellence132 the Duke) and Sir Robert Peel show no signs of insecurity, though they have been twice beat; so ‘Courage, mon amie,’ as the old chevaliers used to say, before they joined battle.”
In the middle of the summer of 1835, a great family plan was mooted133 at the parsonage. The question was, to what trade or profession should Branwell be brought up? He was now nearly eighteen; it was time to decide. He was very clever, no doubt; perhaps to begin with, the greatest genius in this rare family. The sisters hardly recognised their own, or each others’ powers, but they knew his. The father, ignorant of many failings in moral conduct, did proud homage134 to the great gifts of his son; for Branwell’s talents were readily and willingly brought out for the entertainment of others. Popular admiration was sweet to him. And this led to his presence being sought at “arvills” and all the great village gatherings135, for the Yorkshiremen have a keen relish136 for intellect; and it likewise procured137 him the undesirable138 distinction of having his company recommended by the landlord of the Black Bull to any chance traveller who might happen to feel solitary139 or dull over his liquor. “Do you want some one to help you with your bottle, sir? If you do, I’ll send up for Patrick” (so the villagers called him till the day of his death, though in his own family he was always “Branwell”). And while the messenger went, the landlord entertained his guest with accounts of the wonderful talents of the boy, whose precocious140 cleverness, and great conversational141 powers, were the pride of the village. The attacks of ill health to which Mr. Brontë had been subject of late years, rendered it not only necessary that he should take his dinner alone (for the sake of avoiding temptations to unwholesome diet), but made it also desirable that he should pass the time directly succeeding his meals in perfect quiet. And this necessity, combined with due attention to his parochial duties, made him partially142 ignorant how his son employed himself out of lesson-time. His own youth had been spent among people of the same conventional rank as those into whose companionship Branwell was now thrown; but he had had a strong will, and an earnest and persevering143 ambition, and a resoluteness144 of purpose which his weaker son wanted.
It is singular how strong a yearning145 the whole family had towards the art of drawing. Mr. Brontë had been very solicitous146 to get them good instruction; the girls themselves loved everything connected with it—all descriptions or engravings of great pictures; and, in default of good ones, they would take and analyse any print or drawing which came in their way, and find out how much thought had gone to its composition, what ideas it was intended to suggest, and what it did suggest. In the same spirit, they laboured to design imaginations of their own; they lacked the power of execution, not of conception. At one time, Charlotte had the notion of making her living as an artist, and wearied her eyes in drawing with pre-Raphaelite minuteness, but not with pre-Raphaelite accuracy, for she drew from fancy rather than from nature.
But they all thought there could be no doubt about Branwell’s talent for drawing. I have seen an oil painting of his, done I know not when, but probably about this time. It was a group of his sisters, life-size, three-quarters’ length; not much better than sign-painting, as to manipulation; but the likenesses were, I should think, admirable. I could only judge of the fidelity147 with which the other two were depicted148, from the striking resemblance which Charlotte, upholding the great frame of canvas, and consequently standing62 right behind it, bore to her own representation, though it must have been ten years and more since the portraits were taken. The picture was divided, almost in the middle, by a great pillar. On the side of the column which was lighted by the sun, stood Charlotte, in the womanly dress of that day of gigot sleeves and large collars. On the deeply shadowed side, was Emily, with Anne’s gentle face resting on her shoulder. Emily’s countenance149 struck me as full of power; Charlotte’s of solicitude150; Anne’s of tenderness. The two younger seemed hardly to have attained their full growth, though Emily was taller than Charlotte; they had cropped hair, and a more girlish dress. I remember looking on those two sad, earnest, shadowed faces, and wondering whether I could trace the mysterious expression which is said to foretell151 an early death. I had some fond superstitious152 hope that the column divided their fates from hers, who stood apart in the canvas, as in life she survived. I liked to see that the bright side of the pillar was towards her—that the light in the picture fell on her: I might more truly have sought in her presentment—nay, in her living face—for the sign of death—in her prime. They were good likenesses, however badly executed. From thence I should guess his family augured153 truly that, if Branwell had but the opportunity, and, alas154! had but the moral qualities, he might turn out a great painter.
The best way of preparing him to become so appeared to be to send him as a pupil to the Royal Academy. I dare say he longed and yearned155 to follow this path, principally because it would lead him to that mysterious London—that Babylon the great—which seems to have filled the imaginations and haunted the minds of all the younger members of this recluse156 family. To Branwell it was more than a vivid imagination, it was an impressed reality. By dint157 of studying maps, he was as well acquainted with it, even down to its by-ways, as if he had lived there. Poor misguided fellow! this craving158 to see and know London, and that stronger craving after fame, were never to be satisfied. He was to die at the end of a short and blighted159 life. But in this year of 1835, all his home kindred were thinking how they could best forward his views, and how help him up to the pinnacle160 where he desired to be. What their plans were, let Charlotte explain. These are not the first sisters who have laid their lives as a sacrifice before their brother’s idolized wish. Would to God they might be the last who met with such a miserable161 return!
“Haworth, July 6th, 1835.
“I had hoped to have had the extreme pleasure of seeing you at Haworth this summer, but human affairs are mutable, and human resolutions must bend to the course of events. We are all about to divide, break up, separate. Emily is going to school, Branwell is going to London, and I am going to be a governess. This last determination I formed myself, knowing that I should have to take the step sometime, ‘and better sune as syne,’ to use the Scotch proverb; and knowing well that papa would have enough to do with his limited income, should Branwell be placed at the Royal Academy, and Emily at Roe Head. Where am I going to reside? you will ask. Within four miles of you, at a place neither of us is unacquainted with, being no other than the identical Roe Head mentioned above. Yes! I am going to teach in the very school where I was myself taught. Miss W--- made me the offer, and I preferred it to one or two proposals of private governess-ship, which I had before received. I am sad—very sad—at the thoughts of leaving home; but duty—necessity—these are stern mistresses, who will not be disobeyed. Did I not once say you ought to be thankful for your independence? I felt what I said at the time, and I repeat it now with double earnestness; if anything would cheer me, it is the idea of being so near you. Surely, you and Polly will come and see me; it would be wrong in me to doubt it; you were never unkind yet. Emily and I leave home on the 27th of this month; the idea of being together consoles us both somewhat, and, truth, since I must enter a situation, ‘My lines have fallen in pleasant places.’ I both love and respect Miss W-.”
该作者的其他作品
《North and South 南方与北方》
《玛丽巴顿 Mary Barton》
该作者的其他作品
《North and South 南方与北方》
《玛丽巴顿 Mary Barton》
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| n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从 | |
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5
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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6
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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7
effaced
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| v.擦掉( efface的过去式和过去分词 )；抹去；超越；使黯然失色 | |
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8
solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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9
allude
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| v.提及，暗指 | |
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10
hindrance
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| n.妨碍，障碍 | |
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11
dent
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| n.凹痕，凹坑；初步进展 | |
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12
pang
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| n.剧痛，悲痛，苦闷 | |
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13
delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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14
monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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15
quotation
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| n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情 | |
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16
memoir
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| n.[pl.]回忆录，自传；记事录 | |
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17
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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18
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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19
recipients
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| adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器 | |
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20
sewers
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| n.阴沟，污水管，下水道( sewer的名词复数 ) | |
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21
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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22
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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23
proficiency
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| n.精通，熟练，精练 | |
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24
instinctive
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| adj.(出于)本能的；直觉的；(出于)天性的 | |
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25
relaxations
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| n.消遣( relaxation的名词复数 )；松懈；松弛；放松 | |
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26
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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27
moors
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| v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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28
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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29
downwards
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|
| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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30
scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的 | |
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31
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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32
graphic
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| adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的 | |
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33
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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34
salon
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| n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室 | |
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35
tout
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| v.推销，招徕；兜售；吹捧，劝诱 | |
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36
chagrin
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|
| n.懊恼；气愤；委屈 | |
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37
criticise
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| v.批评，评论；非难 | |
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38
plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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39
plights
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| n.境况，困境( plight的名词复数 ) | |
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40
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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41
binding
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| 有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的 | |
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42
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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43
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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44
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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45
wrecked
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| adj.失事的，遇难的 | |
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46
apparitions
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| n.特异景象( apparition的名词复数 )；幽灵；鬼；（特异景象等的）出现 | |
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47
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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48
frenzied
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| a.激怒的；疯狂的 | |
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49
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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50
proficients
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| 精通的，熟练的( proficient的名词复数 ) | |
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51
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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52
simultaneously
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| adv.同时发生地，同时进行地 | |
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53
emanated
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|
| v.从…处传出，传出( emanate的过去式和过去分词 )；产生，表现，显示 | |
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54
consummate
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| adj.完美的；v.成婚；使完美 [反]baffle | |
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55
delineation
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| n.记述；描写 | |
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56
embodying
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| v.表现( embody的现在分词 )；象征；包括；包含 | |
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57
isolated
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|
| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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58
defer
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| vt.推迟，拖延；vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从 | |
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59
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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60
bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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61
obnoxious
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|
| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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62
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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63
scribble
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|
| v.潦草地书写，乱写，滥写；n.潦草的写法，潦草写成的东西，杂文 | |
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64
sanitary
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|
| adj.卫生方面的，卫生的，清洁的，卫生的 | |
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65
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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66
obstructed
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|
| 阻塞( obstruct的过去式和过去分词 )； 堵塞； 阻碍； 阻止 | |
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67
tolling
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| [财]来料加工 | |
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68
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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69
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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70
dreaded
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|
| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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71
wailing
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|
| v.哭叫，哀号( wail的现在分词 )；沱 | |
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72
inert
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|
| adj.无活动能力的，惰性的；迟钝的 | |
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73
aisle
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|
| n.（教堂、教室、戏院等里的）过道，通道 | |
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74
omens
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| n.前兆，预兆( omen的名词复数 ) | |
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75
cholera
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| n.霍乱 | |
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76
susceptible
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|
| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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77
metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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78
mingled
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|
| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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79
astonishment
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|
| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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80
previously
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|
| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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81
entirely
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|
| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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82
fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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83
nonchalance
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|
| n.冷淡，漠不关心 | |
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84
awed
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|
| adj.充满敬畏的，表示敬畏的v.使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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85
ardent
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|
| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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86
beheld
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|
| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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87
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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88
exclamations
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|
| n.呼喊( exclamation的名词复数 )；感叹；感叹语；感叹词 | |
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89
postscript
|
|
| n.附言，又及；(正文后的)补充说明 | |
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90
apocryphal
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|
| adj.假冒的，虚假的 | |
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91
hieroglyphical
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| n.象形文字，象形文字的文章 | |
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92
scrolls
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| n.（常用于录写正式文件的）纸卷( scroll的名词复数 )；卷轴；涡卷形（装饰）；卷形花纹v.（电脑屏幕上）从上到下移动（资料等），卷页( scroll的第三人称单数 )；（似卷轴般）卷起；（像展开卷轴般地）将文字显示于屏幕 | |
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93
construing
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|
| v.解释（陈述、行为等）( construe的现在分词 )；翻译，作句法分析 | |
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94
windings
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| （道路、河流等）蜿蜒的，弯曲的( winding的名词复数 )； 缠绕( wind的现在分词 )； 卷绕； 转动（把手） | |
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95
derived
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|
| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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96
steadfast
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| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
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97
dispositions
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|
| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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98
trifling
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|
| adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的 | |
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99
frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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100
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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101
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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102
judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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103
detriment
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| n.损害；损害物，造成损害的根源 | |
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104
epithets
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| n.（表示性质、特征等的）词语( epithet的名词复数 ) | |
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105
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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106
conceited
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| adj.自负的，骄傲自满的 | |
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107
humbug
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| n.花招，谎话，欺骗 | |
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108
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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109
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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110
intrude
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| vi.闯入；侵入；打扰，侵扰 | |
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111
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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112
tack
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| n.大头钉；假缝，粗缝 | |
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113
perusal
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| n.细读，熟读；目测 | |
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114
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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115
confirmation
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| n.证实，确认，批准 | |
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116
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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117
frivolity
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| n.轻松的乐事，兴高采烈；轻浮的举止 | |
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118
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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119
incurring
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| 遭受，招致，引起( incur的现在分词 ) | |
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120
piqued
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| v.伤害…的自尊心( pique的过去式和过去分词 )；激起（好奇心） | |
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121
precepts
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| n.规诫，戒律，箴言( precept的名词复数 ) | |
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122
chary
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| adj.谨慎的，细心的 | |
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123
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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124
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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125
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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126
triumphant
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|
| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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127
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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128
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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129
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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130
abhor
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| v.憎恶；痛恨 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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132
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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133
mooted
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| adj.未决定的，有争议的，有疑问的v.提出…供讨论( moot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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134
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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135
gatherings
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| 聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集 | |
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136
relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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137
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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138
undesirable
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| adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子 | |
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139
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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140
precocious
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| adj.早熟的；较早显出的 | |
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141
conversational
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| adj.对话的，会话的 | |
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142
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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143
persevering
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| a.坚忍不拔的 | |
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144
resoluteness
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145
yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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146
solicitous
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| adj.热切的，挂念的 | |
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147
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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148
depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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149
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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150
solicitude
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| n.焦虑 | |
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151
foretell
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| v.预言，预告，预示 | |
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152
superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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153
augured
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| v.预示，预兆，预言( augur的过去式和过去分词 )；成为预兆；占卜 | |
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154
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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155
yearned
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| 渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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156
recluse
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| n.隐居者 | |
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157
dint
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| n.由于，靠；凹坑 | |
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158
craving
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| n.渴望,热望 | |
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159
blighted
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| adj.枯萎的，摧毁的 | |
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160
pinnacle
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| n.尖塔，尖顶，山峰；(喻)顶峰 | |
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161
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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